/*
* Copyright ( c ) 1999 , 2007 , Oracle and / or its affiliates . All rights reserved .
* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER .
*
* This code is free software ; you can redistribute it and / or modify it
* under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only , as
* published by the Free Software Foundation . Oracle designates this
* particular file as subject to the " Classpath " exception as provided
* by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code .
*
* This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful , but WITHOUT
* ANY WARRANTY ; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE . See the GNU General Public License
* version 2 for more details ( a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
* accompanied this code ) .
*
* You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
* 2 along with this work ; if not , write to the Free Software Foundation ,
* Inc . , 51 Franklin St , Fifth Floor , Boston , MA 02110 - 1301 USA .
*
* Please contact Oracle , 500 Oracle Parkway , Redwood Shores , CA 94065 USA
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*/
package java.math;
/**
* A simple bit sieve used for finding prime number candidates . Allows setting
* and clearing of bits in a storage array . The size of the sieve is assumed to
* be constant to reduce overhead . All the bits of a new bitSieve are zero , and
* bits are removed from it by setting them .
*
* To reduce storage space and increase efficiency , no even numbers are
* represented in the sieve ( each bit in the sieve represents an odd number ) .
* The relationship between the index of a bit and the number it represents is
* given by
* N = offset + ( 2 * index + 1 ) ;
* Where N is the integer represented by a bit in the sieve , offset is some
* even integer offset indicating where the sieve begins , and index is the
* index of a bit in the sieve array .
*
* @ see BigInteger
* @ author Michael McCloskey
* @ since 1 . 3
*/
class BitSieve {
/**
* Stores the bits in this bitSieve .
*/
private long bits[];
/**
* Length is how many bits this sieve holds .
*/
private int length;
/**
* A small sieve used to filter out multiples of small primes in a search
* sieve .
*/
private static BitSieve smallSieve = new BitSieve();
/**
* Construct a " small sieve " with a base of 0 . This constructor is
* used internally to generate the set of " small primes " whose multiples
* are excluded from sieves generated by the main ( package private )
* constructor , BitSieve ( BigInteger base , int searchLen ) . The length
* of the sieve generated by this constructor was chosen for performance ;
* it controls a tradeoff between how much time is spent constructing
* other sieves , and how much time is wasted testing composite candidates
* for primality . The length was chosen experimentally to yield good
* performance .
*/
private BitSieve() {
length = 150 * 64 ;
bits = new long [(unitIndex(length - 1 ) + 1 )];
// Mark 1 as composite
set(0 );
int nextIndex = 1 ;
int nextPrime = 3 ;
// Find primes and remove their multiples from sieve
do {
sieveSingle(length, nextIndex + nextPrime, nextPrime);
nextIndex = sieveSearch(length, nextIndex + 1 );
nextPrime = 2 *nextIndex + 1 ;
} while ((nextIndex > 0 ) && (nextPrime < length));
}
/**
* Construct a bit sieve of searchLen bits used for finding prime number
* candidates . The new sieve begins at the specified base , which must
* be even .
*/
BitSieve(BigInteger base, int searchLen) {
/*
* Candidates are indicated by clear bits in the sieve . As a candidates
* nonprimality is calculated , a bit is set in the sieve to eliminate
* it . To reduce storage space and increase efficiency , no even numbers
* are represented in the sieve ( each bit in the sieve represents an
* odd number ) .
*/
bits = new long [(unitIndex(searchLen-1 ) + 1 )];
length = searchLen;
int start = 0 ;
int step = smallSieve.sieveSearch(smallSieve.length, start);
int convertedStep = (step *2 ) + 1 ;
// Construct the large sieve at an even offset specified by base
MutableBigInteger b = new MutableBigInteger(base);
MutableBigInteger q = new MutableBigInteger();
do {
// Calculate base mod convertedStep
start = b.divideOneWord(convertedStep, q);
// Take each multiple of step out of sieve
start = convertedStep - start;
if (start%2 == 0 )
start += convertedStep;
sieveSingle(searchLen, (start-1 )/2 , convertedStep);
// Find next prime from small sieve
step = smallSieve.sieveSearch(smallSieve.length, step+1 );
convertedStep = (step *2 ) + 1 ;
} while (step > 0 );
}
/**
* Given a bit index return unit index containing it .
*/
private static int unitIndex(int bitIndex) {
return bitIndex >>> 6 ;
}
/**
* Return a unit that masks the specified bit in its unit .
*/
private static long bit(int bitIndex) {
return 1 L << (bitIndex & ((1 <<6 ) - 1 ));
}
/**
* Get the value of the bit at the specified index .
*/
private boolean get(int bitIndex) {
int unitIndex = unitIndex(bitIndex);
return ((bits[unitIndex] & bit(bitIndex)) != 0 );
}
/**
* Set the bit at the specified index .
*/
private void set(int bitIndex) {
int unitIndex = unitIndex(bitIndex);
bits[unitIndex] |= bit(bitIndex);
}
/**
* This method returns the index of the first clear bit in the search
* array that occurs at or after start . It will not search past the
* specified limit . It returns - 1 if there is no such clear bit .
*/
private int sieveSearch(int limit, int start) {
if (start >= limit)
return -1 ;
int index = start;
do {
if (!get(index))
return index;
index++;
} while (index < limit-1 );
return -1 ;
}
/**
* Sieve a single set of multiples out of the sieve . Begin to remove
* multiples of the specified step starting at the specified start index ,
* up to the specified limit .
*/
private void sieveSingle(int limit, int start, int step) {
while (start < limit) {
set(start);
start += step;
}
}
/**
* Test probable primes in the sieve and return successful candidates .
*/
BigInteger retrieve(BigInteger initValue, int certainty, java.util.Random random) {
// Examine the sieve one long at a time to find possible primes
int offset = 1 ;
for (int i=0 ; i<bits.length; i++) {
long nextLong = ~bits[i];
for (int j=0 ; j<64 ; j++) {
if ((nextLong & 1 ) == 1 ) {
BigInteger candidate = initValue.add(
BigInteger.valueOf(offset));
if (candidate.primeToCertainty(certainty, random))
return candidate;
}
nextLong >>>= 1 ;
offset+=2 ;
}
}
return null ;
}
}
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