Quelle File.java Sprache: JAVA

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* DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
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*
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package java.io;

import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.nio.file.FileStore;
import java.nio.file.FileSystems;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import jdk.internal.util.StaticProperty;

/**
* An abstract representation of file and directory pathnames.
*
* User interfaces and operating systems use system-dependent pathname
* strings to name files and directories. This class presents an
* abstract, system-independent view of hierarchical pathnames. An
* abstract pathname has two components:
*
* <ol>
* <li> An optional system-dependent prefix string,
* such as a disk-drive specifier, {@code "/"} for the UNIX root
* directory, or {@code "\\\\"} for a Microsoft Windows UNC pathname, and
* <li> A sequence of zero or more string names.
* </ol>
*
* The first name in an abstract pathname may be a directory name or, in the
* case of Microsoft Windows UNC pathnames, a hostname. Each subsequent name
* in an abstract pathname denotes a directory; the last name may denote
* either a directory or a file. The empty abstract pathname has no
* prefix and an empty name sequence.
*
* The conversion of a pathname string to or from an abstract pathname is
* inherently system-dependent. When an abstract pathname is converted into a
* pathname string, each name is separated from the next by a single copy of
* the default separator character. The default name-separator
* character is defined by the system property {@code file.separator}, and
* is made available in the public static fields {@link
* #separator} and {@link #separatorChar} of this class.
* When a pathname string is converted into an abstract pathname, the names
* within it may be separated by the default name-separator character or by any
* other name-separator character that is supported by the underlying system.
*
* A pathname, whether abstract or in string form, may be either
* absolute or relative. An absolute pathname is complete in
* that no other information is required in order to locate the file that it
* denotes. A relative pathname, in contrast, must be interpreted in terms of
* information taken from some other pathname. By default the classes in the
* {@code java.io} package always resolve relative pathnames against the
* current user directory. This directory is named by the system property
* {@code user.dir}, and is typically the directory in which the Java
* virtual machine was invoked.
*
* The parent of an abstract pathname may be obtained by invoking
* the {@link #getParent} method of this class and consists of the pathname's
* prefix and each name in the pathname's name sequence except for the last.
* Each directory's absolute pathname is an ancestor of any {@code File}
* object with an absolute abstract pathname which begins with the directory's
* absolute pathname. For example, the directory denoted by the abstract
* pathname {@code "/usr"} is an ancestor of the directory denoted by the
* pathname {@code "/usr/local/bin"}.
*
* The prefix concept is used to handle root directories on UNIX platforms,
* and drive specifiers, root directories and UNC pathnames on Microsoft Windows platforms,
* as follows:
*
* <ul>
*
* <li> For UNIX platforms, the prefix of an absolute pathname is always
* {@code "/"}. Relative pathnames have no prefix. The abstract pathname
* denoting the root directory has the prefix {@code "/"} and an empty
* name sequence.
*
* <li> For Microsoft Windows platforms, the prefix of a pathname that contains a drive
* specifier consists of the drive letter followed by {@code ":"} and
* possibly followed by {@code "\\"} if the pathname is absolute. The
* prefix of a UNC pathname is {@code "\\\\"}; the hostname and the share
* name are the first two names in the name sequence. A relative pathname that
* does not specify a drive has no prefix.
*
* </ul>
*
* Instances of this class may or may not denote an actual file-system
* object such as a file or a directory. If it does denote such an object
* then that object resides in a partition. A partition is an
* operating system-specific portion of storage for a file system. A single
* storage device (e.g. a physical disk-drive, flash memory, CD-ROM) may
* contain multiple partitions. The object, if any, will reside on the
* partition <a id="partName">named</a> by some ancestor of the absolute
* form of this pathname.
*
* A file system may implement restrictions to certain operations on the
* actual file-system object, such as reading, writing, and executing. These
* restrictions are collectively known as access permissions. The file
* system may have multiple sets of access permissions on a single object.
* For example, one set may apply to the object's owner, and another
* may apply to all other users. The access permissions on an object may
* cause some methods in this class to fail.
*
* Instances of the {@code File} class are immutable; that is, once
* created, the abstract pathname represented by a {@code File} object
* will never change.
*
* <h2>Interoperability with {@code java.nio.file} package</h2>
*
* The <a href="../../java/nio/file/package-summary.html">{@code java.nio.file}</a>
* package defines interfaces and classes for the Java virtual machine to access
* files, file attributes, and file systems. This API may be used to overcome
* many of the limitations of the {@code java.io.File} class.
* The {@link #toPath toPath} method may be used to obtain a {@link
* Path} that uses the abstract path represented by a {@code File} object to
* locate a file. The resulting {@code Path} may be used with the {@link
* java.nio.file.Files} class to provide more efficient and extensive access to
* additional file operations, file attributes, and I/O exceptions to help
* diagnose errors when an operation on a file fails.
*
* @since 1.0
*/

public class File
 implements Serializable, Comparable<File>
{

 /**
 * The FileSystem object representing the platform's local file system.
 */
 private static final FileSystem fs = DefaultFileSystem.getFileSystem();

 /**
 * This abstract pathname's normalized pathname string. A normalized
 * pathname string uses the default name-separator character and does not
 * contain any duplicate or redundant separators.
 *
 * @serial
 */
 private final String path;

 /**
 * Enum type that indicates the status of a file path.
 */
 private static enum PathStatus { INVALID, CHECKED };

 /**
 * The flag indicating whether the file path is invalid.
 */
 private transient PathStatus status = null;

 /**
 * Check if the file has an invalid path. Currently, the inspection of
 * a file path is very limited, and it only covers Nul character check
 * unless further checking is explicitly enabled by a system property.
 * Returning true means the path is definitely invalid/garbage, but
 * returning false does not guarantee that the path is valid.
 *
 * @return true if the file path is invalid.
 */
 final boolean isInvalid() {
 PathStatus s = status;
 if (s == null) {
 s = fs.isInvalid(this) ? PathStatus.INVALID : PathStatus.CHECKED;
 status = s;
 }
 return s == PathStatus.INVALID;
 }

 /**
 * The length of this abstract pathname's prefix, or zero if it has no
 * prefix.
 */
 private final transient int prefixLength;

 /**
 * Returns the length of this abstract pathname's prefix.
 * For use by FileSystem classes.
 */
 int getPrefixLength() {
 return prefixLength;
 }

 /**
 * The system-dependent default name-separator character. This field is
 * initialized to contain the first character of the value of the system
 * property {@code file.separator}. On UNIX systems the value of this
 * field is {@code '/'}; on Microsoft Windows systems it is {@code '\\'}.
 *
 * @see java.lang.System#getProperty(java.lang.String)
 */
 public static final char separatorChar = fs.getSeparator();

 /**
 * The system-dependent default name-separator character, represented as a
 * string for convenience. This string contains a single character, namely
 * {@link #separatorChar}.
 */
 public static final String separator = String.valueOf(separatorChar);

 /**
 * The system-dependent path-separator character. This field is
 * initialized to contain the first character of the value of the system
 * property {@code path.separator}. This character is used to
 * separate filenames in a sequence of files given as a path list.
 * On UNIX systems, this character is {@code ':'}; on Microsoft Windows systems it
 * is {@code ';'}.
 *
 * @see java.lang.System#getProperty(java.lang.String)
 */
 public static final char pathSeparatorChar = fs.getPathSeparator();

 /**
 * The system-dependent path-separator character, represented as a string
 * for convenience. This string contains a single character, namely
 * {@link #pathSeparatorChar}.
 */
 public static final String pathSeparator = String.valueOf(pathSeparatorChar);

 /* -- Constructors -- */

 /**
 * Internal constructor for already-normalized pathname strings.
 */
 private File(String pathname, int prefixLength) {
 this.path = pathname;
 this.prefixLength = prefixLength;
 }

 /**
 * Internal constructor for already-normalized pathname strings.
 * The parameter order is used to disambiguate this method from the
 * public(File, String) constructor.
 */
 private File(String child, File parent) {
 assert parent.path != null;
 assert (!parent.path.isEmpty());
 this.path = fs.resolve(parent.path, child);
 this.prefixLength = parent.prefixLength;
 }

 /**
 * Creates a new {@code File} instance by converting the given
 * pathname string into an abstract pathname. If the given string is
 * the empty string, then the result is the empty abstract pathname.
 *
 * @param pathname A pathname string
 * @throws NullPointerException
 * If the {@code pathname} argument is {@code null}
 */
 public File(String pathname) {
 if (pathname == null) {
 throw new NullPointerException();
 }
 this.path = fs.normalize(pathname);
 this.prefixLength = fs.prefixLength(this.path);
 }

 /* Note: The two-argument File constructors do not interpret an empty
 parent abstract pathname as the current user directory. An empty parent
 instead causes the child to be resolved against the system-dependent
 directory defined by the FileSystem.getDefaultParent method. On Unix
 this default is "/", while on Microsoft Windows it is "\\". This is required for
 compatibility with the original behavior of this class. */

 /**
 * Creates a new {@code File} instance from a parent pathname string
 * and a child pathname string.
 *
 * If {@code parent} is {@code null} then the new
 * {@code File} instance is created as if by invoking the
 * single-argument {@code File} constructor on the given
 * {@code child} pathname string.
 *
 * Otherwise the {@code parent} pathname string is taken to denote
 * a directory, and the {@code child} pathname string is taken to
 * denote either a directory or a file. If the {@code child} pathname
 * string is absolute then it is converted into a relative pathname in a
 * system-dependent way. If {@code parent} is the empty string then
 * the new {@code File} instance is created by converting
 * {@code child} into an abstract pathname and resolving the result
 * against a system-dependent default directory. Otherwise each pathname
 * string is converted into an abstract pathname and the child abstract
 * pathname is resolved against the parent.
 *
 * @param parent The parent pathname string
 * @param child The child pathname string
 * @throws NullPointerException
 * If {@code child} is {@code null}
 */
 public File(String parent, String child) {
 if (child == null) {
 throw new NullPointerException();
 }
 if (parent != null) {
 if (parent.isEmpty()) {
 this.path = fs.resolve(fs.getDefaultParent(),
 fs.normalize(child));
 } else {
 this.path = fs.resolve(fs.normalize(parent),
 fs.normalize(child));
 }
 } else {
 this.path = fs.normalize(child);
 }
 this.prefixLength = fs.prefixLength(this.path);
 }

 /**
 * Creates a new {@code File} instance from a parent abstract
 * pathname and a child pathname string.
 *
 * If {@code parent} is {@code null} then the new
 * {@code File} instance is created as if by invoking the
 * single-argument {@code File} constructor on the given
 * {@code child} pathname string.
 *
 * Otherwise the {@code parent} abstract pathname is taken to
 * denote a directory, and the {@code child} pathname string is taken
 * to denote either a directory or a file. If the {@code child}
 * pathname string is absolute then it is converted into a relative
 * pathname in a system-dependent way. If {@code parent} is the empty
 * abstract pathname then the new {@code File} instance is created by
 * converting {@code child} into an abstract pathname and resolving
 * the result against a system-dependent default directory. Otherwise each
 * pathname string is converted into an abstract pathname and the child
 * abstract pathname is resolved against the parent.
 *
 * @param parent The parent abstract pathname
 * @param child The child pathname string
 * @throws NullPointerException
 * If {@code child} is {@code null}
 */
 public File(File parent, String child) {
 if (child == null) {
 throw new NullPointerException();
 }
 if (parent != null) {
 if (parent.path.isEmpty()) {
 this.path = fs.resolve(fs.getDefaultParent(),
 fs.normalize(child));
 } else {
 this.path = fs.resolve(parent.path,
 fs.normalize(child));
 }
 } else {
 this.path = fs.normalize(child);
 }
 this.prefixLength = fs.prefixLength(this.path);
 }

 /**
 * Creates a new {@code File} instance by converting the given
 * {@code file:} URI into an abstract pathname.
 *
 * The exact form of a {@code file:} URI is system-dependent, hence
 * the transformation performed by this constructor is also
 * system-dependent.
 *
 * For a given abstract pathname f it is guaranteed that
 *
 * <blockquote><code>
 * new File(</code> f<code>.{@link #toURI()
 * toURI}()).equals(</code> f<code>.{@link #getAbsoluteFile() getAbsoluteFile}())
 * </code></blockquote>
 *
 * so long as the original abstract pathname, the URI, and the new abstract
 * pathname are all created in (possibly different invocations of) the same
 * Java virtual machine. This relationship typically does not hold,
 * however, when a {@code file:} URI that is created in a virtual machine
 * on one operating system is converted into an abstract pathname in a
 * virtual machine on a different operating system.
 *
 * @param uri
 * An absolute, hierarchical URI with a scheme equal to
 * {@code "file"}, a non-empty path component, and undefined
 * authority, query, and fragment components
 *
 * @throws NullPointerException
 * If {@code uri} is {@code null}
 *
 * @throws IllegalArgumentException
 * If the preconditions on the parameter do not hold
 *
 * @see #toURI()
 * @see java.net.URI
 * @since 1.4
 */
 public File(URI uri) {

 // Check our many preconditions
 if (!uri.isAbsolute())
 throw new IllegalArgumentException("URI is not absolute");
 if (uri.isOpaque())
 throw new IllegalArgumentException("URI is not hierarchical");
 String scheme = uri.getScheme();
 if ((scheme == null) || !scheme.equalsIgnoreCase("file"))
 throw new IllegalArgumentException("URI scheme is not \"file\"");
 if (uri.getRawAuthority() != null)
 throw new IllegalArgumentException("URI has an authority component");
 if (uri.getRawFragment() != null)
 throw new IllegalArgumentException("URI has a fragment component");
 if (uri.getRawQuery() != null)
 throw new IllegalArgumentException("URI has a query component");
 String p = uri.getPath();
 if (p.isEmpty())
 throw new IllegalArgumentException("URI path component is empty");

 // Okay, now initialize
 p = fs.fromURIPath(p);
 if (File.separatorChar != '/')
 p = p.replace('/', File.separatorChar);
 this.path = fs.normalize(p);
 this.prefixLength = fs.prefixLength(this.path);
 }

 /* -- Path-component accessors -- */

 /**
 * Returns the name of the file or directory denoted by this abstract
 * pathname. This is just the last name in the pathname's name
 * sequence. If the pathname's name sequence is empty, then the empty
 * string is returned.
 *
 * @return The name of the file or directory denoted by this abstract
 * pathname, or the empty string if this pathname's name sequence
 * is empty
 */
 public String getName() {
 int index = path.lastIndexOf(separatorChar);
 if (index < prefixLength) return path.substring(prefixLength);
 return path.substring(index + 1);
 }

 /**
 * Returns the pathname string of this abstract pathname's parent, or
 * {@code null} if this pathname does not name a parent directory.
 *
 * The parent of an abstract pathname consists of the
 * pathname's prefix, if any, and each name in the pathname's name
 * sequence except for the last. If the name sequence is empty then
 * the pathname does not name a parent directory.
 *
 * @return The pathname string of the parent directory named by this
 * abstract pathname, or {@code null} if this pathname
 * does not name a parent
 */
 public String getParent() {
 int index = path.lastIndexOf(separatorChar);
 if (index < prefixLength) {
 if ((prefixLength > 0) && (path.length() > prefixLength))
 return path.substring(0, prefixLength);
 return null;
 }
 return path.substring(0, index);
 }

 /**
 * Returns the abstract pathname of this abstract pathname's parent,
 * or {@code null} if this pathname does not name a parent
 * directory.
 *
 * The parent of an abstract pathname consists of the
 * pathname's prefix, if any, and each name in the pathname's name
 * sequence except for the last. If the name sequence is empty then
 * the pathname does not name a parent directory.
 *
 * @return The abstract pathname of the parent directory named by this
 * abstract pathname, or {@code null} if this pathname
 * does not name a parent
 *
 * @since 1.2
 */
 public File getParentFile() {
 String p = this.getParent();
 if (p == null) return null;
 if (getClass() != File.class) {
 p = fs.normalize(p);
 }
 return new File(p, this.prefixLength);
 }

 /**
 * Converts this abstract pathname into a pathname string. The resulting
 * string uses the {@link #separator default name-separator character} to
 * separate the names in the name sequence.
 *
 * @return The string form of this abstract pathname
 */
 public String getPath() {
 return path;
 }

 /* -- Path operations -- */

 /**
 * Tests whether this abstract pathname is absolute. The definition of
 * absolute pathname is system dependent. On UNIX systems, a pathname is
 * absolute if its prefix is {@code "/"}. On Microsoft Windows systems, a
 * pathname is absolute if its prefix is a drive specifier followed by
 * {@code "\\"}, or if its prefix is {@code "\\\\"}.
 *
 * @return {@code true} if this abstract pathname is absolute,
 * {@code false} otherwise
 */
 public boolean isAbsolute() {
 return fs.isAbsolute(this);
 }

 /**
 * Returns the absolute pathname string of this abstract pathname.
 *
 * If this abstract pathname is already absolute, then the pathname
 * string is simply returned as if by the {@link #getPath}
 * method. If this abstract pathname is the empty abstract pathname then
 * the pathname string of the current user directory, which is named by the
 * system property {@code user.dir}, is returned. Otherwise this
 * pathname is resolved in a system-dependent way. On UNIX systems, a
 * relative pathname is made absolute by resolving it against the current
 * user directory. On Microsoft Windows systems, a relative pathname is made absolute
 * by resolving it against the current directory of the drive named by the
 * pathname, if any; if not, it is resolved against the current user
 * directory.
 *
 * @return The absolute pathname string denoting the same file or
 * directory as this abstract pathname
 *
 * @throws SecurityException
 * If a required system property value cannot be accessed.
 *
 * @see java.io.File#isAbsolute()
 */
 public String getAbsolutePath() {
 return fs.resolve(this);
 }

 /**
 * Returns the absolute form of this abstract pathname. Equivalent to
 * <code>new File(this.{@link #getAbsolutePath})</code>.
 *
 * @return The absolute abstract pathname denoting the same file or
 * directory as this abstract pathname
 *
 * @throws SecurityException
 * If a required system property value cannot be accessed.
 *
 * @since 1.2
 */
 public File getAbsoluteFile() {
 String absPath = getAbsolutePath();
 if (getClass() != File.class) {
 absPath = fs.normalize(absPath);
 }
 return new File(absPath, fs.prefixLength(absPath));
 }

 /**
 * Returns the canonical pathname string of this abstract pathname.
 *
 * A canonical pathname is both absolute and unique. The precise
 * definition of canonical form is system-dependent. This method first
 * converts this pathname to absolute form if necessary, as if by invoking the
 * {@link #getAbsolutePath} method, and then maps it to its unique form in a
 * system-dependent way. This typically involves removing redundant names
 * such as {@code "."} and {@code ".."} from the pathname, resolving
 * symbolic links (on UNIX platforms), and converting drive letters to a
 * standard case (on Microsoft Windows platforms).
 *
 * Every pathname that denotes an existing file or directory has a
 * unique canonical form. Every pathname that denotes a nonexistent file
 * or directory also has a unique canonical form. The canonical form of
 * the pathname of a nonexistent file or directory may be different from
 * the canonical form of the same pathname after the file or directory is
 * created. Similarly, the canonical form of the pathname of an existing
 * file or directory may be different from the canonical form of the same
 * pathname after the file or directory is deleted.
 *
 * @return The canonical pathname string denoting the same file or
 * directory as this abstract pathname
 *
 * @throws IOException
 * If an I/O error occurs, which is possible because the
 * construction of the canonical pathname may require
 * filesystem queries
 *
 * @throws SecurityException
 * If a required system property value cannot be accessed, or
 * if a security manager exists and its {@link
 * java.lang.SecurityManager#checkRead} method denies
 * read access to the file
 *
 * @since 1.1
 * @see Path#toRealPath
 */
 public String getCanonicalPath() throws IOException {
 if (isInvalid()) {
 throw new IOException("Invalid file path");
 }
 return fs.canonicalize(fs.resolve(this));
 }

 /**
 * Returns the canonical form of this abstract pathname. Equivalent to
 * <code>new File(this.{@link #getCanonicalPath})</code>.
 *
 * @return The canonical pathname string denoting the same file or
 * directory as this abstract pathname
 *
 * @throws IOException
 * If an I/O error occurs, which is possible because the
 * construction of the canonical pathname may require
 * filesystem queries
 *
 * @throws SecurityException
 * If a required system property value cannot be accessed, or
 * if a security manager exists and its {@link
 * java.lang.SecurityManager#checkRead} method denies
 * read access to the file
 *
 * @since 1.2
 * @see Path#toRealPath
 */
 public File getCanonicalFile() throws IOException {
 String canonPath = getCanonicalPath();
 if (getClass() != File.class) {
 canonPath = fs.normalize(canonPath);
 }
 return new File(canonPath, fs.prefixLength(canonPath));
 }

 private static String slashify(String path, boolean isDirectory) {
 String p = path;
 if (File.separatorChar != '/')
 p = p.replace(File.separatorChar, '/');
 if (!p.startsWith("/"))
 p = "/" + p;
 if (!p.endsWith("/") && isDirectory)
 p = p + "/";
 return p;
 }

 /**
 * Converts this abstract pathname into a {@code file:} URL. The
 * exact form of the URL is system-dependent. If it can be determined that
 * the file denoted by this abstract pathname is a directory, then the
 * resulting URL will end with a slash.
 *
 * @return A URL object representing the equivalent file URL
 *
 * @throws MalformedURLException
 * If the path cannot be parsed as a URL
 *
 * @see #toURI()
 * @see java.net.URI
 * @see java.net.URI#toURL()
 * @see java.net.URL
 * @since 1.2
 *
 * @deprecated This method does not automatically escape characters that
 * are illegal in URLs. It is recommended that new code convert an
 * abstract pathname into a URL by first converting it into a URI, via the
 * {@link #toURI() toURI} method, and then converting the URI into a URL
 * via the {@link java.net.URI#toURL() URI.toURL} method.
 */
 @Deprecated
 public URL toURL() throws MalformedURLException {
 if (isInvalid()) {
 throw new MalformedURLException("Invalid file path");
 }
 @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
 var result = new URL("file", "", slashify(getAbsolutePath(), isDirectory()));
 return result;
 }

 /**
 * Constructs a {@code file:} URI that represents this abstract pathname.
 *
 * The exact form of the URI is system-dependent. If it can be
 * determined that the file denoted by this abstract pathname is a
 * directory, then the resulting URI will end with a slash.
 *
 * For a given abstract pathname f, it is guaranteed that
 *
 * <blockquote><code>
 * new {@link #File(java.net.URI) File}(</code> f<code>.toURI()).equals(
 * </code> f<code>.{@link #getAbsoluteFile() getAbsoluteFile}())
 * </code></blockquote>
 *
 * so long as the original abstract pathname, the URI, and the new abstract
 * pathname are all created in (possibly different invocations of) the same
 * Java virtual machine. Due to the system-dependent nature of abstract
 * pathnames, however, this relationship typically does not hold when a
 * {@code file:} URI that is created in a virtual machine on one operating
 * system is converted into an abstract pathname in a virtual machine on a
 * different operating system.
 *
 * Note that when this abstract pathname represents a UNC pathname then
 * all components of the UNC (including the server name component) are encoded
 * in the {@code URI} path. The authority component is undefined, meaning
 * that it is represented as {@code null}. The {@link Path} class defines the
 * {@link Path#toUri toUri} method to encode the server name in the authority
 * component of the resulting {@code URI}. The {@link #toPath toPath} method
 * may be used to obtain a {@code Path} representing this abstract pathname.
 *
 * @return An absolute, hierarchical URI with a scheme equal to
 * {@code "file"}, a path representing this abstract pathname,
 * and undefined authority, query, and fragment components
 * @throws SecurityException If a required system property value cannot
 * be accessed.
 *
 * @see #File(java.net.URI)
 * @see java.net.URI
 * @see java.net.URI#toURL()
 * @since 1.4
 */
 public URI toURI() {
 try {
 File f = getAbsoluteFile();
 String sp = slashify(f.getPath(), f.isDirectory());
 if (sp.startsWith("//"))
 sp = "//" + sp;
 return new URI("file", null, sp, null);
 } catch (URISyntaxException x) {
 throw new Error(x); // Can't happen
 }
 }

 /* -- Attribute accessors -- */

 /**
 * Tests whether the application can read the file denoted by this
 * abstract pathname. On some platforms it may be possible to start the
 * Java virtual machine with special privileges that allow it to read
 * files that are marked as unreadable. Consequently this method may return
 * {@code true} even though the file does not have read permissions.
 *
 * @return {@code true} if and only if the file specified by this
 * abstract pathname exists and can be read by the
 * application; {@code false} otherwise
 *
 * @throws SecurityException
 * If a security manager exists and its {@link
 * java.lang.SecurityManager#checkRead(java.lang.String)}
 * method denies read access to the file
 */
 public boolean canRead() {
 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
 SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
 if (security != null) {
 security.checkRead(path);
 }
 if (isInvalid()) {
 return false;
 }
 return fs.checkAccess(this, FileSystem.ACCESS_READ);
 }

 /**
 * Tests whether the application can modify the file denoted by this
 * abstract pathname. On some platforms it may be possible to start the
 * Java virtual machine with special privileges that allow it to modify
 * files that are marked read-only. Consequently this method may return
 * {@code true} even though the file is marked read-only.
 *
 * @return {@code true} if and only if the file system actually
 * contains a file denoted by this abstract pathname and
 * the application is allowed to write to the file;
 * {@code false} otherwise.
 *
 * @throws SecurityException
 * If a security manager exists and its {@link
 * java.lang.SecurityManager#checkWrite(java.lang.String)}
 * method denies write access to the file
 */
 public boolean canWrite() {
 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
 SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
 if (security != null) {
 security.checkWrite(path);
 }
 if (isInvalid()) {
 return false;
 }
 return fs.checkAccess(this, FileSystem.ACCESS_WRITE);
 }

 /**
 * Tests whether the file or directory denoted by this abstract pathname
 * exists.
 *
 * @return {@code true} if and only if the file or directory denoted
 * by this abstract pathname exists; {@code false} otherwise
 *
 * @throws SecurityException
 * If a security manager exists and its {@link
 * java.lang.SecurityManager#checkRead(java.lang.String)}
 * method denies read access to the file or directory
 */
 public boolean exists() {
 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
 SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
 if (security != null) {
 security.checkRead(path);
 }
 if (isInvalid()) {
 return false;
 }
 return fs.hasBooleanAttributes(this, FileSystem.BA_EXISTS);
 }

 /**
 * Tests whether the file denoted by this abstract pathname is a
 * directory.
 *
 * Where it is required to distinguish an I/O exception from the case
 * that the file is not a directory, or where several attributes of the
 * same file are required at the same time, then the {@link
 * java.nio.file.Files#readAttributes(Path,Class,LinkOption[])
 * Files.readAttributes} method may be used.
 *
 * @return {@code true} if and only if the file denoted by this
 * abstract pathname exists and is a directory;
 * {@code false} otherwise
 *
 * @throws SecurityException
 * If a security manager exists and its {@link
 * java.lang.SecurityManager#checkRead(java.lang.String)}
 * method denies read access to the file
 */
 public boolean isDirectory() {
 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
 SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
 if (security != null) {
 security.checkRead(path);
 }
 if (isInvalid()) {
 return false;
 }
 return fs.hasBooleanAttributes(this, FileSystem.BA_DIRECTORY);
 }

 /**
 * Tests whether the file denoted by this abstract pathname is a normal
 * file. A file is normal if it is not a directory and, in
 * addition, satisfies other system-dependent criteria. Any non-directory
 * file created by a Java application is guaranteed to be a normal file.
 *
 * Where it is required to distinguish an I/O exception from the case
 * that the file is not a normal file, or where several attributes of the
 * same file are required at the same time, then the {@link
 * java.nio.file.Files#readAttributes(Path,Class,LinkOption[])
 * Files.readAttributes} method may be used.
 *
 * @return {@code true} if and only if the file denoted by this
 * abstract pathname exists and is a normal file;
 * {@code false} otherwise
 *
 * @throws SecurityException
 * If a security manager exists and its {@link
 * java.lang.SecurityManager#checkRead(java.lang.String)}
 * method denies read access to the file
 */
 public boolean isFile() {
 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
 SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
 if (security != null) {
 security.checkRead(path);
 }
 if (isInvalid()) {
 return false;
 }
 return fs.hasBooleanAttributes(this, FileSystem.BA_REGULAR);
 }

 /**
 * Tests whether the file named by this abstract pathname is a hidden
 * file. The exact definition of hidden is system-dependent. On
 * UNIX systems, a file is considered to be hidden if its name begins with
 * a period character ({@code '.'}). On Microsoft Windows systems, a file is
 * considered to be hidden if it has been marked as such in the filesystem.
 *
 * @return {@code true} if and only if the file denoted by this
 * abstract pathname is hidden according to the conventions of the
 * underlying platform
 *
 * @throws SecurityException
 * If a security manager exists and its {@link
 * java.lang.SecurityManager#checkRead(java.lang.String)}
 * method denies read access to the file
 *
 * @since 1.2
 */
 public boolean isHidden() {
 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
 SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
 if (security != null) {
 security.checkRead(path);
 }
 if (isInvalid()) {
 return false;
 }
 return fs.hasBooleanAttributes(this, FileSystem.BA_HIDDEN);
 }

 /**
 * Returns the time that the file denoted by this abstract pathname was
 * last modified.
 *
 * @apiNote
 * While the unit of time of the return value is milliseconds, the
 * granularity of the value depends on the underlying file system and may
 * be larger. For example, some file systems use time stamps in units of
 * seconds.
 *
 * Where it is required to distinguish an I/O exception from the case
 * where {@code 0L} is returned, or where several attributes of the
 * same file are required at the same time, or where the time of last
 * access or the creation time are required, then the {@link
 * java.nio.file.Files#readAttributes(Path,Class,LinkOption[])
 * Files.readAttributes} method may be used. If however only the
 * time of last modification is required, then the
 * {@link java.nio.file.Files#getLastModifiedTime(Path,LinkOption[])
 * Files.getLastModifiedTime} method may be used instead.
 *
 * @return A {@code long} value representing the time the file was
 * last modified, measured in milliseconds since the epoch
 * (00:00:00 GMT, January 1, 1970), or {@code 0L} if the
 * file does not exist or if an I/O error occurs. The value may
 * be negative indicating the number of milliseconds before the
 * epoch
 *
 * @throws SecurityException
 * If a security manager exists and its {@link
 * java.lang.SecurityManager#checkRead(java.lang.String)}
 * method denies read access to the file
 */
 public long lastModified() {
 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
 SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
 if (security != null) {
 security.checkRead(path);
 }
 if (isInvalid()) {
 return 0L;
 }
 return fs.getLastModifiedTime(this);
 }

 /**
 * Returns the length of the file denoted by this abstract pathname.
 * The return value is unspecified if this pathname denotes a directory.
 *
 * Where it is required to distinguish an I/O exception from the case
 * that {@code 0L} is returned, or where several attributes of the same file
 * are required at the same time, then the {@link
 * java.nio.file.Files#readAttributes(Path,Class,LinkOption[])
 * Files.readAttributes} method may be used.
 *
 * @return The length, in bytes, of the file denoted by this abstract
 * pathname, or {@code 0L} if the file does not exist. Some
 * operating systems may return {@code 0L} for pathnames
 * denoting system-dependent entities such as devices or pipes.
 *
 * @throws SecurityException
 * If a security manager exists and its {@link
 * java.lang.SecurityManager#checkRead(java.lang.String)}
 * method denies read access to the file
 */
 public long length() {
 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
 SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
 if (security != null) {
 security.checkRead(path);
 }
 if (isInvalid()) {
 return 0L;
 }
 return fs.getLength(this);
 }

 /* -- File operations -- */

 /**
 * Atomically creates a new, empty file named by this abstract pathname if
 * and only if a file with this name does not yet exist. The check for the
 * existence of the file and the creation of the file if it does not exist
 * are a single operation that is atomic with respect to all other
 * filesystem activities that might affect the file.
 * 
 * Note: this method should not be used for file-locking, as
 * the resulting protocol cannot be made to work reliably. The
 * {@link java.nio.channels.FileLock FileLock}
 * facility should be used instead.
 *
 * @return {@code true} if the named file does not exist and was
 * successfully created; {@code false} if the named file
 * already exists
 *
 * @throws IOException
 * If an I/O error occurred
 *
 * @throws SecurityException
 * If a security manager exists and its {@link
 * java.lang.SecurityManager#checkWrite(java.lang.String)}
 * method denies write access to the file
 *
 * @since 1.2
 */
 public boolean createNewFile() throws IOException {
 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
 SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
 if (security != null) security.checkWrite(path);
 if (isInvalid()) {
 throw new IOException("Invalid file path");
 }
 return fs.createFileExclusively(path);
 }

 /**
 * Deletes the file or directory denoted by this abstract pathname. If
 * this pathname denotes a directory, then the directory must be empty in
 * order to be deleted.
 *
 * Note that the {@link java.nio.file.Files} class defines the {@link
 * java.nio.file.Files#delete(Path) delete} method to throw an {@link IOException}
 * when a file cannot be deleted. This is useful for error reporting and to
 * diagnose why a file cannot be deleted.
 *
 * @return {@code true} if and only if the file or directory is
 * successfully deleted; {@code false} otherwise
 *
 * @throws SecurityException
 * If a security manager exists and its {@link
 * java.lang.SecurityManager#checkDelete} method denies
 * delete access to the file
 */
 public boolean delete() {
 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
 SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
 if (security != null) {
 security.checkDelete(path);
 }
 if (isInvalid()) {
 return false;
 }
 return fs.delete(this);
 }

 /**
 * Requests that the file or directory denoted by this abstract
 * pathname be deleted when the virtual machine terminates.
 * Files (or directories) are deleted in the reverse order that
 * they are registered. Invoking this method to delete a file or
 * directory that is already registered for deletion has no effect.
 * Deletion will be attempted only for normal termination of the
 * virtual machine, as defined by the Java Language Specification.
 *
 * Once deletion has been requested, it is not possible to cancel the
 * request. This method should therefore be used with care.
 *
 * 
 * Note: this method should not be used for file-locking, as
 * the resulting protocol cannot be made to work reliably. The
 * {@link java.nio.channels.FileLock FileLock}
 * facility should be used instead.
 *
 * @throws SecurityException
 * If a security manager exists and its {@link
 * java.lang.SecurityManager#checkDelete} method denies
 * delete access to the file
 *
 * @see #delete
 *
 * @since 1.2
 */
 public void deleteOnExit() {
 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
 SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
 if (security != null) {
 security.checkDelete(path);
 }
 if (isInvalid()) {
 return;
 }
 DeleteOnExitHook.add(path);
 }

 /**
 * Returns an array of strings naming the files and directories in the
 * directory denoted by this abstract pathname.
 *
 * If this abstract pathname does not denote a directory, then this
 * method returns {@code null}. Otherwise an array of strings is
 * returned, one for each file or directory in the directory. Names
 * denoting the directory itself and the directory's parent directory are
 * not included in the result. Each string is a file name rather than a
 * complete path.
 *
 * There is no guarantee that the name strings in the resulting array
 * will appear in any specific order; they are not, in particular,
 * guaranteed to appear in alphabetical order.
 *
 * Note that the {@link java.nio.file.Files} class defines the {@link
 * java.nio.file.Files#newDirectoryStream(Path) newDirectoryStream} method to
 * open a directory and iterate over the names of the files in the directory.
 * This may use less resources when working with very large directories, and
 * may be more responsive when working with remote directories.
 *
 * @return An array of strings naming the files and directories in the
 * directory denoted by this abstract pathname. The array will be
 * empty if the directory is empty. Returns {@code null} if
 * this abstract pathname does not denote a directory, or if an
 * I/O error occurs.
 *
 * @throws SecurityException
 * If a security manager exists and its {@link
 * SecurityManager#checkRead(String)} method denies read access to
 * the directory
 */
 public String[] list() {
 return normalizedList();
 }

 /**
 * Returns an array of strings naming the files and directories in the
 * directory denoted by this abstract pathname. The strings are
 * ensured to represent normalized paths.
 *
 * @return An array of strings naming the files and directories in the
 * directory denoted by this abstract pathname. The array will be
 * empty if the directory is empty. Returns {@code null} if
 * this abstract pathname does not denote a directory, or if an
 * I/O error occurs.
 *
 * @throws SecurityException
 * If a security manager exists and its {@link
 * SecurityManager#checkRead(String)} method denies read access to
 * the directory
 */
 private final String[] normalizedList() {
 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
 SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
 if (security != null) {
 security.checkRead(path);
 }
 if (isInvalid()) {
 return null;
 }
 String[] s = fs.list(this);
 if (s != null && getClass() != File.class) {
 String[] normalized = new String[s.length];
 for (int i = 0; i < s.length; i++) {
 normalized[i] = fs.normalize(s[i]);
 }
 s = normalized;
 }
 return s;
 }

 /**
 * Returns an array of strings naming the files and directories in the
 * directory denoted by this abstract pathname that satisfy the specified
 * filter. The behavior of this method is the same as that of the
 * {@link #list()} method, except that the strings in the returned array
 * must satisfy the filter. If the given {@code filter} is {@code null}
 * then all names are accepted. Otherwise, a name satisfies the filter if
 * and only if the value {@code true} results when the {@link
 * FilenameFilter#accept FilenameFilter.accept(File, String)} method
 * of the filter is invoked on this abstract pathname and the name of a
 * file or directory in the directory that it denotes.
 *
 * @param filter
 * A filename filter
 *
 * @return An array of strings naming the files and directories in the
 * directory denoted by this abstract pathname that were accepted
 * by the given {@code filter}. The array will be empty if the
 * directory is empty or if no names were accepted by the filter.
 * Returns {@code null} if this abstract pathname does not denote
 * a directory, or if an I/O error occurs.
 *
 * @throws SecurityException
 * If a security manager exists and its {@link
 * SecurityManager#checkRead(String)} method denies read access to
 * the directory
 *
 * @see java.nio.file.Files#newDirectoryStream(Path,String)
 */
 public String[] list(FilenameFilter filter) {
 String names[] = normalizedList();
 if ((names == null) || (filter == null)) {
 return names;
 }
 List<String> v = new ArrayList<>();
 for (int i = 0 ; i < names.length ; i++) {
 if (filter.accept(this, names[i])) {
 v.add(names[i]);
 }
 }
 return v.toArray(new String[v.size()]);
 }

 /**
 * Returns an array of abstract pathnames denoting the files in the
 * directory denoted by this abstract pathname.
 *
 * If this abstract pathname does not denote a directory, then this
 * method returns {@code null}. Otherwise an array of {@code File} objects
 * is returned, one for each file or directory in the directory. Pathnames
 * denoting the directory itself and the directory's parent directory are
 * not included in the result. Each resulting abstract pathname is
 * constructed from this abstract pathname using the {@link #File(File,
 * String) File(File, String)} constructor. Therefore if this
 * pathname is absolute then each resulting pathname is absolute; if this
 * pathname is relative then each resulting pathname will be relative to
 * the same directory.
 *
 * There is no guarantee that the name strings in the resulting array
 * will appear in any specific order; they are not, in particular,
 * guaranteed to appear in alphabetical order.
 *
 * Note that the {@link java.nio.file.Files} class defines the {@link
 * java.nio.file.Files#newDirectoryStream(Path) newDirectoryStream} method
 * to open a directory and iterate over the names of the files in the
 * directory. This may use less resources when working with very large
 * directories.
 *
 * @return An array of abstract pathnames denoting the files and
 * directories in the directory denoted by this abstract pathname.
 * The array will be empty if the directory is empty. Returns
 * {@code null} if this abstract pathname does not denote a
 * directory, or if an I/O error occurs.
 *
 * @throws SecurityException
 * If a security manager exists and its {@link
 * SecurityManager#checkRead(String)} method denies read access to
 * the directory
 *
 * @since 1.2
 */
 public File[] listFiles() {
 String[] ss = normalizedList();
 if (ss == null) return null;
 int n = ss.length;
 File[] fs = new File[n];
 for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
 fs[i] = new File(ss[i], this);
 }
 return fs;
 }

 /**
 * Returns an array of abstract pathnames denoting the files and
 * directories in the directory denoted by this abstract pathname that
 * satisfy the specified filter. The behavior of this method is the same
 * as that of the {@link #listFiles()} method, except that the pathnames in
 * the returned array must satisfy the filter. If the given {@code filter}
 * is {@code null} then all pathnames are accepted. Otherwise, a pathname
 * satisfies the filter if and only if the value {@code true} results when
 * the {@link FilenameFilter#accept
 * FilenameFilter.accept(File, String)} method of the filter is
 * invoked on this abstract pathname and the name of a file or directory in
 * the directory that it denotes.
 *
 * @param filter
 * A filename filter
 *
 * @return An array of abstract pathnames denoting the files and
 * directories in the directory denoted by this abstract pathname.
 * The array will be empty if the directory is empty. Returns
 * {@code null} if this abstract pathname does not denote a
 * directory, or if an I/O error occurs.
 *
 * @throws SecurityException
 * If a security manager exists and its {@link
 * SecurityManager#checkRead(String)} method denies read access to
 * the directory
 *
 * @since 1.2
 * @see java.nio.file.Files#newDirectoryStream(Path,String)
 */
 public File[] listFiles(FilenameFilter filter) {
 String ss[] = normalizedList();
 if (ss == null) return null;
 ArrayList<File> files = new ArrayList<>();
 for (String s : ss)
 if ((filter == null) || filter.accept(this, s))
 files.add(new File(s, this));
 return files.toArray(new File[files.size()]);
 }

 /**
 * Returns an array of abstract pathnames denoting the files and
 * directories in the directory denoted by this abstract pathname that
 * satisfy the specified filter. The behavior of this method is the same
 * as that of the {@link #listFiles()} method, except that the pathnames in
 * the returned array must satisfy the filter. If the given {@code filter}
 * is {@code null} then all pathnames are accepted. Otherwise, a pathname
 * satisfies the filter if and only if the value {@code true} results when
 * the {@link FileFilter#accept FileFilter.accept(File)} method of the
 * filter is invoked on the pathname.
 *
 * @param filter
 * A file filter
 *
 * @return An array of abstract pathnames denoting the files and
 * directories in the directory denoted by this abstract pathname.
 * The array will be empty if the directory is empty. Returns
 * {@code null} if this abstract pathname does not denote a
 * directory, or if an I/O error occurs.
 *
 * @throws SecurityException
 * If a security manager exists and its {@link
 * SecurityManager#checkRead(String)} method denies read access to
 * the directory
 *
 * @since 1.2
 * @see java.nio.file.Files#newDirectoryStream(Path,java.nio.file.DirectoryStream.Filter)
 */
 public File[] listFiles(FileFilter filter) {
 String ss[] = normalizedList();
 if (ss == null) return null;
 ArrayList<File> files = new ArrayList<>();
 for (String s : ss) {
 File f = new File(s, this);
 if ((filter == null) || filter.accept(f))
 files.add(f);
 }
 return files.toArray(new File[files.size()]);
 }

 /**
 * Creates the directory named by this abstract pathname.
 *
 * @return {@code true} if and only if the directory was
 * created; {@code false} otherwise
 *
 * @throws SecurityException
 * If a security manager exists and its {@link
 * java.lang.SecurityManager#checkWrite(java.lang.String)}
 * method does not permit the named directory to be created
 */
 public boolean mkdir() {
 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
 SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
 if (security != null) {
 security.checkWrite(path);
 }
 if (isInvalid()) {
 return false;
 }
 return fs.createDirectory(this);
 }

 /**
 * Creates the directory named by this abstract pathname, including any
 * necessary but nonexistent parent directories. Note that if this
 * operation fails it may have succeeded in creating some of the necessary
 * parent directories.
 *
 * @return {@code true} if and only if the directory was created,
 * along with all necessary parent directories; {@code false}
 * otherwise
 *
 * @throws SecurityException
 * If a security manager exists and its {@link
 * java.lang.SecurityManager#checkRead(java.lang.String)}
 * method does not permit verification of the existence of the
 * named directory and all necessary parent directories; or if
 * the {@link
 * java.lang.SecurityManager#checkWrite(java.lang.String)}
 * method does not permit the named directory and all necessary
 * parent directories to be created
 */
 public boolean mkdirs() {
 if (exists()) {
 return false;
 }
 if (mkdir()) {
 return true;
 }
 File canonFile = null;
 try {
 canonFile = getCanonicalFile();
 } catch (IOException e) {
 return false;
 }

 File parent = canonFile.getParentFile();
 return (parent != null && (parent.mkdirs() || parent.exists()) &&
 canonFile.mkdir());
 }

 /**
 * Renames the file denoted by this abstract pathname.
 *
 * Many aspects of the behavior of this method are inherently
 * platform-dependent: The rename operation might not be able to move a
 * file from one filesystem to another, it might not be atomic, and it
 * might not succeed if a file with the destination abstract pathname
 * already exists. The return value should always be checked to make sure
 * that the rename operation was successful. As instances of {@code File}
 * are immutable, this File object is not changed to name the destination
 * file or directory.
 *
 * Note that the {@link java.nio.file.Files} class defines the {@link
 * java.nio.file.Files#move move} method to move or rename a file in a
 * platform independent manner.
 *
 * @param dest The new abstract pathname for the named file
 *
 * @return {@code true} if and only if the renaming succeeded;
 * {@code false} otherwise
 *
 * @throws SecurityException
 * If a security manager exists and its {@link
 * java.lang.SecurityManager#checkWrite(java.lang.String)}
 * method denies write access to either the old or new pathnames
 *
 * @throws NullPointerException
 * If parameter {@code dest} is {@code null}
 */
 public boolean renameTo(File dest) {
 if (dest == null) {
 throw new NullPointerException();
 }
 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
 SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
 if (security != null) {
 security.checkWrite(path);
 security.checkWrite(dest.path);
 }
 if (this.isInvalid() || dest.isInvalid()) {
 return false;
 }
 return fs.rename(this, dest);
 }

 /**
 * Sets the last-modified time of the file or directory named by this
 * abstract pathname.
 *
 * All platforms support file-modification times to the nearest second,
 * but some provide more precision. The argument will be truncated to fit
 * the supported precision. If the operation succeeds and no intervening
 * operations on the file take place, then the next invocation of the
 * {@link #lastModified} method will return the (possibly
 * truncated) {@code time} argument that was passed to this method.
 *
 * @param time The new last-modified time, measured in milliseconds since
 * the epoch (00:00:00 GMT, January 1, 1970)
 *
 * @return {@code true} if and only if the operation succeeded;
 * {@code false} otherwise
 *
 * @throws IllegalArgumentException If the argument is negative
 *
 * @throws SecurityException
 * If a security manager exists and its {@link
 * java.lang.SecurityManager#checkWrite(java.lang.String)}
 * method denies write access to the named file
 *
 * @since 1.2
 */
 public boolean setLastModified(long time) {
 if (time < 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException("Negative time");
 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
 SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
 if (security != null) {
 security.checkWrite(path);
 }
 if (isInvalid()) {
 return false;
 }
 return fs.setLastModifiedTime(this, time);
 }

 /**
 * Marks the file or directory named by this abstract pathname so that
 * only read operations are allowed. After invoking this method the file
 * or directory will not change until it is either deleted or marked
 * to allow write access. On some platforms it may be possible to start the
 * Java virtual machine with special privileges that allow it to modify
 * files that are marked read-only. Whether or not a read-only file or
 * directory may be deleted depends upon the underlying system.
 *
 * @return {@code true} if and only if the operation succeeded;
 * {@code false} otherwise
 *
 * @throws SecurityException
 * If a security manager exists and its {@link
 * java.lang.SecurityManager#checkWrite(java.lang.String)}
 * method denies write access to the named file
 *
 * @since 1.2
 */
 public boolean setReadOnly() {
 @SuppressWarnings("removal")
 SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
 if (security != null) {
 security.checkWrite(path);
 }
 if (isInvalid()) {
 return false;
 }
 return fs.setReadOnly(this);
 }

 /**
 * Sets the owner's or everybody's write permission for this abstract
 * pathname. On some platforms it may be possible to start the Java virtual
 * machine with special privileges that allow it to modify files that
 * disallow write operations.
 *
 * The {@link java.nio.file.Files} class defines methods that operate on
 * file attributes including file permissions. This may be used when finer
 * manipulation of file permissions is required.
 *
 * @param writable
 * If {@code true}, sets the access permission to allow write
 * operations; if {@code false} to disallow write operations
 *
 * @param ownerOnly
 * If {@code true}, the write permission applies only to the
 * owner's write permission; otherwise, it applies to everybody. If
 * the underlying file system can not distinguish the owner's write
--> --------------------

--> maximum size reached

--> --------------------

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