(* Title: HOL/Nominal/Examples/Standardization.thy
Author: Stefan Berghofer and Tobias Nipkow
Copyright 2005, 2008 TU Muenchen
*)
section ‹Standardization
›
theory Standardization
imports "HOL-Nominal.Nominal"
begin
text ‹
The
proof of the standardization
theorem, as well as most of the
theorems about
lambda calculus
in the following sections, are taken
from ‹HOL/Lambda
›.
›
subsection ‹Lambda terms
›
atom_decl name
nominal_datatype lam =
Var
"name"
| App
"lam" "lam" (
infixl ‹🍋› 200)
| Lam
"\name\lam" (
‹Lam [_]._
› [0, 10] 10)
instantiation lam :: size
begin
nominal_primrec size_lam
where
"size (Var n) = 0"
|
"size (t \ u) = size t + size u + 1"
|
"size (Lam [x].t) = size t + 1"
by (finite_guess | simp add: fresh_nat | fresh_guess)+
instance ..
end
nominal_primrec
subst ::
"lam \ name \ lam \ lam" (
‹_[_::=_]
› [300, 0, 0] 300)
where
subst_Var:
"(Var x)[y::=s] = (if x=y then s else (Var x))"
| subst_App:
"(t\<^sub>1 \ t\<^sub>2)[y::=s] = t\<^sub>1[y::=s] \ t\<^sub>2[y::=s]"
| subst_Lam:
"x \ (y, s) \ (Lam [x].t)[y::=s] = (Lam [x].(t[y::=s]))"
by (finite_guess | simp add: abs_fresh | fresh_guess)+
lemma subst_eqvt [eqvt]:
"(pi::name prm) \ (t[x::=u]) = (pi \ t)[(pi \ x)::=(pi \ u)]"
by (nominal_induct t avoiding: x u rule: lam.strong_induct)
(perm_simp add: fresh_bij)+
lemma subst_rename:
"y \ t \ ([(y, x)] \ t)[y::=u] = t[x::=u]"
by (nominal_induct t avoiding: x y u rule: lam.strong_induct)
(simp_all add: fresh_atm calc_atm abs_fresh)
lemma fresh_subst:
"(x::name) \ t \ x \ u \ x \ t[y::=u]"
by (nominal_induct t avoiding: x y u rule: lam.strong_induct)
(auto simp add: abs_fresh fresh_atm)
lemma fresh_subst
':
"(x::name) \ u \ x \ t[x::=u]"
by (nominal_induct t avoiding: x u rule: lam.strong_induct)
(auto simp add: abs_fresh fresh_atm)
lemma subst_forget:
"(x::name) \ t \ t[x::=u] = t"
by (nominal_induct t avoiding: x u rule: lam.strong_induct)
(auto simp add: abs_fresh fresh_atm)
lemma subst_subst:
"x \ y \ x \ v \ t[y::=v][x::=u[y::=v]] = t[x::=u][y::=v]"
by (nominal_induct t avoiding: x y u v rule: lam.strong_induct)
(auto simp add: fresh_subst subst_forget)
declare subst_Var [simp del]
lemma subst_eq [simp]:
"(Var x)[x::=u] = u"
by (simp add: subst_Var)
lemma subst_neq [simp]:
"x \ y \ (Var x)[y::=u] = Var x"
by (simp add: subst_Var)
inductive beta ::
"lam \ lam \ bool" (
infixl ‹→🚫β
› 50)
where
beta:
"x \ t \ (Lam [x].s) \ t \\<^sub>\ s[x::=t]"
| appL [simp, intro!]:
"s \\<^sub>\ t \ s \ u \\<^sub>\ t \ u"
| appR [simp, intro!]:
"s \\<^sub>\ t \ u \ s \\<^sub>\ u \ t"
| abs [simp, intro!]:
"s \\<^sub>\ t \ (Lam [x].s) \\<^sub>\ (Lam [x].t)"
equivariance beta
nominal_inductive beta
by (simp_all add: abs_fresh fresh_subst
')
lemma better_beta [simp, intro!]:
"(Lam [x].s) \ t \\<^sub>\ s[x::=t]"
proof -
obtain y::name
where y:
"y \ (x, s, t)"
by (rule exists_fresh) (rule fin_supp)
then have "y \ t" by simp
then have "(Lam [y]. [(y, x)] \ s) \ t \\<^sub>\ ([(y, x)] \ s)[y::=t]"
by (rule beta)
moreover from y
have "(Lam [x].s) = (Lam [y]. [(y, x)] \ s)"
by (auto simp add: lam.inject alpha
' fresh_prod fresh_atm)
ultimately show ?thesis
using y
by (simp add: subst_rename)
qed
abbreviation
beta_reds ::
"lam \ lam \ bool" (
infixl ‹→🚫β
🚫*
› 50)
where
"s \\<^sub>\\<^sup>* t \ beta\<^sup>*\<^sup>* s t"
subsection ‹Application of a
term to a list of terms
›
abbreviation
list_application ::
"lam \ lam list \ lam" (
infixl ‹🍋🍋› 150)
where
"t \\ ts \ foldl (\) t ts"
lemma apps_eq_tail_conv [iff]:
"(r \\ ts = s \\ ts) = (r = s)"
by (induct ts rule: rev_induct) (auto simp add: lam.inject)
lemma Var_eq_apps_conv [iff]:
"(Var m = s \\ ss) = (Var m = s \ ss = [])"
by (induct ss arbitrary: s) auto
lemma Var_apps_eq_Var_apps_conv [iff]:
"(Var m \\ rs = Var n \\ ss) = (m = n \ rs = ss)"
proof (induct rs arbitrary: ss rule: rev_induct)
case Nil
then show ?
case by (auto simp add: lam.inject)
next
case (snoc x xs)
then show ?
case
by (induct ss rule: rev_induct) (auto simp add: lam.inject)
qed
lemma App_eq_foldl_conv:
"(r \ s = t \\ ts) =
(
if ts = []
then r
🍋 s = t
else (
∃ss. ts = ss @ [s]
∧ r = t
🍋🍋 ss))
"
by (rule rev_exhaust [of ts]) (auto simp: lam.inject)
lemma Abs_eq_apps_conv [iff]:
"((Lam [x].r) = s \\ ss) = ((Lam [x].r) = s \ ss = [])"
by (induct ss rule: rev_induct) auto
lemma apps_eq_Abs_conv [iff]:
"(s \\ ss = (Lam [x].r)) = (s = (Lam [x].r) \ ss = [])"
by (induct ss rule: rev_induct) auto
lemma Abs_App_neq_Var_apps [iff]:
"(Lam [x].s) \ t \ Var n \\ ss"
by (induct ss arbitrary: s t rule: rev_induct) (auto simp add: lam.inject)
lemma Var_apps_neq_Abs_apps [iff]:
"Var n \\ ts \ (Lam [x].r) \\ ss"
proof (induct ss arbitrary: ts rule: rev_induct)
case Nil
then show ?
case by simp
next
case (snoc x xs)
then show ?
case
by (induct ts rule: rev_induct) (auto simp add: lam.inject)
qed
lemma ex_head_tail:
"\ts h. t = h \\ ts \ ((\n. h = Var n) \ (\x u. h = (Lam [x].u)))"
proof (induct t rule: lam.induct)
case (App lam1 lam2)
then show ?
case
by (metis foldl_Cons foldl_Nil foldl_append)
qed auto
lemma size_apps [simp]:
"size (r \\ rs) = size r + foldl (+) 0 (map size rs) + length rs"
by (induct rs rule: rev_induct) auto
lemma lem0:
"(0::nat) < k \ m \ n \ m < n + k"
by simp
lemma subst_map [simp]:
"(t \\ ts)[x::=u] = t[x::=u] \\ map (\t. t[x::=u]) ts"
by (induct ts arbitrary: t) simp_all
lemma app_last:
"(t \\ ts) \ u = t \\ (ts @ [u])"
by simp
lemma perm_apps [eqvt]:
"(pi::name prm) \ (t \\ ts) = ((pi \ t) \\ (pi \ ts))"
by (induct ts rule: rev_induct) (auto simp add: append_eqvt)
lemma fresh_apps [simp]:
"(x::name) \ (t \\ ts) = (x \ t \ x \ ts)"
by (induct ts rule: rev_induct)
(auto simp add: fresh_list_append fresh_list_nil fresh_list_cons)
text ‹A customized
induction schema
for ‹🍋🍋›.
›
lemma Apps_lam_induct_aux:
assumes "\n ts (z::'a::fs_name). (\z. \t \ set ts. P z t) \ P z (Var n \\ ts)"
and "\x u ts z. x \ z \ (\z. P z u) \ (\z. \t \ set ts. P z t) \ P z ((Lam [x].u) \\ ts)"
shows "size t = n \ P z t"
proof (induct n arbitrary: t z rule: less_induct)
case (less n)
obtain ts h
where t:
"t = h \\ ts" and D:
"(\a. h = Var a) \ (\x u. h = (Lam [x].u))"
using ex_head_tail [of t]
by metis
show ?
case
using D
proof (elim exE disjE)
fix a :: name
assume h:
"h = Var a"
have "P z t" if "t \ set ts" for z t
proof -
have "size t < length ts + fold (+) (map size ts) 0"
using that
by (fastforce simp add: sum_list_map_remove1 fold_plus_sum_list_rev)
then have "size t < size (Var a \\ ts)"
by simp (simp add: add.commute foldl_conv_fold)
then show ?thesis
using h less.hyps less.prems t
by blast
qed
then show "P z t"
unfolding t h
by (blast intro: assms)
next
fix x u
assume h:
"h = (Lam [x].u)"
obtain y::name
where y:
"y \ (x, u, z)"
by (metis exists_fresh
' fin_supp)
then have eq:
"(Lam [x].u) = (Lam [y].([(y, x)] \ u))"
by (metis alpha
' fresh_prod lam.inject(3) perm_fresh_fresh)
show "P z t"
unfolding t h eq
proof (intro assms strip)
show "y \ z"
by (simp add: y)
have "size ([(y, x)] \ u) < size ((Lam [x].u) \\ ts)"
by (simp add: eq)
then show "P z ([(y, x)] \ u)" for z
using h less.hyps less.prems t
by blast
show "P z t" if "t\set ts" for z t
proof -
have 2:
"size t < size ((Lam [x].u) \\ ts)"
using that
apply (simp add: eq)
apply (simp only: foldl_conv_fold add.commute fold_plus_sum_list_rev)
apply (fastforce simp add: sum_list_map_remove1)
done
then show ?thesis
using h less.hyps less.prems t
by blast
qed
qed
qed
qed
theorem Apps_lam_induct:
assumes "\n ts (z::'a::fs_name). (\z. \t \ set ts. P z t) \ P z (Var n \\ ts)"
and "\x u ts z. x \ z \ (\z. P z u) \ (\z. \t \ set ts. P z t) \ P z ((Lam [x].u) \\ ts)"
shows "P z t"
using Apps_lam_induct_aux [of P] assms
by blast
subsection ‹Congruence rules
›
lemma apps_preserves_beta [simp]:
"r \\<^sub>\ s \ r \\ ss \\<^sub>\ s \\ ss"
by (induct ss rule: rev_induct) auto
lemma rtrancl_beta_Abs [intro!]:
"s \\<^sub>\\<^sup>* s' \ (Lam [x].s) \\<^sub>\\<^sup>* (Lam [x].s')"
by (induct set: rtranclp) (blast intro: rtranclp.rtrancl_into_rtrancl)+
lemma rtrancl_beta_AppL:
"s \\<^sub>\\<^sup>* s' \ s \ t \\<^sub>\\<^sup>* s' \ t"
by (induct set: rtranclp) (blast intro: rtranclp.rtrancl_into_rtrancl)+
lemma rtrancl_beta_AppR:
"t \\<^sub>\\<^sup>* t' \ s \ t \\<^sub>\\<^sup>* s \ t'"
by (induct set: rtranclp) (blast intro: rtranclp.rtrancl_into_rtrancl)+
lemma rtrancl_beta_App [intro]:
"s \\<^sub>\\<^sup>* s' \ t \\<^sub>\\<^sup>* t' \ s \ t \\<^sub>\\<^sup>* s' \ t'"
by (blast intro!: rtrancl_beta_AppL rtrancl_beta_AppR intro: rtranclp_trans)
subsection ‹Lifting an order
to lists of elements
›
definition
step1 ::
"('a \ 'a \ bool) \ 'a list \ 'a list \ bool" where
"step1 r \
(λys xs.
∃us z z
' vs. xs = us @ z # vs \ r z' z
∧ ys =
us @ z
' # vs)"
lemma not_Nil_step1 [iff]:
"\ step1 r [] xs"
by (simp add: step1_def)
lemma not_step1_Nil [iff]:
"\ step1 r xs []"
by (simp add: step1_def)
lemma Cons_step1_Cons [iff]:
"step1 r (y # ys) (x # xs) \ r y x \ xs = ys \ x = y \ step1 r ys xs"
apply (rule )
apply (smt (verit, ccfv_SIG) append_eq_Cons_conv list.inject step1_def)
by (metis append_Cons append_Nil step1_def)
lemma Cons_step1E [elim!]:
assumes "step1 r ys (x # xs)"
and "\y. ys = y # xs \ r y x \ R"
and "\zs. ys = x # zs \ step1 r zs xs \ R"
shows R
by (metis Cons_step1_Cons assms list.exhaust not_Nil_step1)
lemma append_step1I:
"step1 r ys xs \ vs = us \ ys = xs \ step1 r vs us
==> step1 r (ys @ vs) (xs @ us)
"
by (smt (verit) append_Cons append_assoc step1_def)
lemma Snoc_step1_SnocD:
assumes "step1 r (ys @ [y]) (xs @ [x])"
shows "(step1 r ys xs \ y = x \ ys = xs \ r y x)"
using assms
apply (clarsimp simp: step1_def)
by (metis butlast.simps(2) butlast_append butlast_snoc last.simps last_appendR list.sim
ps(3))
subsection ‹Lifting beta-reduction to lists›
abbreviation
list_beta :: "lam list \ lam list \ bool" (infixl ‹[→🚫β]🚫1› 50) where
"rs [\\<^sub>\]\<^sub>1 ss \ step1 beta rs ss"
lemma head_Var_reduction:
"Var n \\ rs \\<^sub>\ v \ \ss. rs [\\<^sub>\]\<^sub>1 ss \ v = Var n \\ ss"
proof (induct u ≡ "Var n \\ rs" v arbitrary: rs set: beta)
case (appL s t u)
then show ?case
by (smt (verit, best) App_eq_foldl_conv app_last append_step1I lam.distinct(1))
next
case (appR s t u)
then show ?case
by (smt (verit, ccfv_SIG) App_eq_foldl_conv Cons_step1_Cons app_last append_step1I lam.distinct(1))
qed auto
lemma apps_betasE [case_names appL appR beta, consumes 1]:
assumes major: "r \\ rs \\<^sub>\ s"
and cases: "\r'. r \\<^sub>\ r' \ s = r' \\ rs \ R"
"\rs'. rs [\\<^sub>\]\<^sub>1 rs' \ s = r \\ rs' \ R"
"\t u us. (x \ r \ r = (Lam [x].t) \ rs = u # us \ s = t[x::=u] \\ us) \ R"
shows R
proof -
note [[simproc del: defined_all]]
from major have
"(\r'. r \\<^sub>\ r' \ s = r' \\ rs) \
(∃rs'. rs [\\<^sub>\]\<^sub>1 rs' ∧ s = r 🍋🍋 rs') \
(∃t u us. x ♯ r ⟶ r = (Lam [x].t) ∧ rs = u # us ∧ s = t[x::=u] 🍋🍋 us)"
proof (nominal_induct u ≡ "r \\ rs" s avoiding: x r rs rule: beta.strong_induct)
case (beta y t s)
then show ?case
apply (simp add: App_eq_foldl_conv split: if_split_asm)
apply blast
by (metis (no_types, lifting) abs_fresh(1) alpha' lam.fresh(3) lam.inject(3) subst_rename)
next
case (appL s t u)
then show ?case
apply (simp add: App_eq_foldl_conv split: if_split_asm)
apply blast
by (smt (verit) append_Cons append_step1I snoc_eq_iff_butlast)
next
case (appR s t u)
then show ?case
apply (simp add: App_eq_foldl_conv step1_def split: if_split_asm)
apply force
by (metis snoc_eq_iff_butlast)
next
case (abs s t x)
then show ?case
by blast
qed
with cases show ?thesis by blast
qed
lemma apps_preserves_betas [simp]:
"rs [\\<^sub>\]\<^sub>1 ss \ r \\ rs \\<^sub>\ r \\ ss"
proof (induct rs arbitrary: ss rule: rev_induct)
case Nil
then show ?case by simp
next
case (snoc x ts)
then show ?case
apply (simp add: step1_def)
by (smt (verit) appR app_last apps_preserves_beta foldl_Cons foldl_append)
qed
subsection ‹Standard reduction relation›
text ‹
Based on lecture notes by Ralph Matthes,
original proof idea due to Ralph Loader.
›
declare listrel_mono [mono_set]
lemma listrelp_eqvt [eqvt]:
fixes f :: "'a::pt_name \ 'b::pt_name \ bool"
assumes xy: "listrelp f (x::'a::pt_name list) y"
shows "listrelp ((pi::name prm) \ f) (pi \ x) (pi \ y)" using xy
by induct (simp_all add: listrelp.intros perm_app [symmetric])
inductive
sred :: "lam \ lam \ bool" (infixl ‹→🚫s› 50)
and sredlist :: "lam list \ lam list \ bool" (infixl ‹[→🚫s]› 50)
where
"s [\\<^sub>s] t \ listrelp (\\<^sub>s) s t"
| Var: "rs [\\<^sub>s] rs' \ Var x \\ rs \\<^sub>s Var x \\ rs'"
| Abs: "x \ (ss, ss') \ r \\<^sub>s r' \ ss [\\<^sub>s] ss' \ (Lam [x].r) \\ ss \\<^sub>s (Lam [x].r') \\ ss'"
| Beta: "x \ (s, ss, t) \ r[x::=s] \\ ss \\<^sub>s t \ (Lam [x].r) \ s \\ ss \\<^sub>s t"
equivariance sred
nominal_inductive sred
by (simp add: abs_fresh)+
lemma better_sred_Abs:
assumes H1: "r \\<^sub>s r'"
and H2: "ss [\\<^sub>s] ss'"
shows "(Lam [x].r) \\ ss \\<^sub>s (Lam [x].r') \\ ss'"
proof -
obtain y::name where y: "y \ (x, r, r', ss, ss')"
by (rule exists_fresh) (rule fin_supp)
then have "y \ (ss, ss')" by simp
moreover from H1 have "[(y, x)] \ (r \\<^sub>s r')" by (rule perm_boolI)
then have "([(y, x)] \ r) \\<^sub>s ([(y, x)] \ r')" by (simp add: eqvts)
ultimately have "(Lam [y]. [(y, x)] \ r) \\ ss \\<^sub>s (Lam [y]. [(y, x)] \ r') \\ ss'" using H2
by (rule sred.Abs)
moreover from y have "(Lam [x].r) = (Lam [y]. [(y, x)] \ r)"
by (auto simp add: lam.inject alpha' fresh_prod fresh_atm)
moreover from y have "(Lam [x].r') = (Lam [y]. [(y, x)] \ r')"
by (auto simp add: lam.inject alpha' fresh_prod fresh_atm)
ultimately show ?thesis by simp
qed
lemma better_sred_Beta:
assumes H: "r[x::=s] \\ ss \\<^sub>s t"
shows "(Lam [x].r) \ s \\ ss \\<^sub>s t"
proof -
obtain y::name where y: "y \ (x, r, s, ss, t)"
by (rule exists_fresh) (rule fin_supp)
then have "y \ (s, ss, t)" by simp
moreover from y H have "([(y, x)] \ r)[y::=s] \\ ss \\<^sub>s t"
by (simp add: subst_rename)
ultimately have "(Lam [y].[(y, x)] \ r) \ s \\ ss \\<^sub>s t"
by (rule sred.Beta)
moreover from y have "(Lam [x].r) = (Lam [y]. [(y, x)] \ r)"
by (auto simp add: lam.inject alpha' fresh_prod fresh_atm)
ultimately show ?thesis by simp
qed
lemmas better_sred_intros = sred.Var better_sred_Abs better_sred_Beta
lemma refl_listrelp: "\x\set xs. R x x \ listrelp R xs xs"
by (induct xs) (auto intro: listrelp.intros)
lemma refl_sred: "t \\<^sub>s t"
by (nominal_induct t rule: Apps_lam_induct) (auto intro: refl_listrelp better_sred_intros)
lemma listrelp_conj1: "listrelp (\x y. R x y \ S x y) x y \ listrelp R x y"
by (erule listrelp.induct) (auto intro: listrelp.intros)
lemma listrelp_conj2: "listrelp (\x y. R x y \ S x y) x y \ listrelp S x y"
by (erule listrelp.induct) (auto intro: listrelp.intros)
lemma listrelp_app:
assumes xsys: "listrelp R xs ys"
shows "listrelp R xs' ys' \ listrelp R (xs @ xs') (ys @ ys')" using xsys
by (induct arbitrary: xs' ys') (auto intro: listrelp.intros)
lemma lemma1:
assumes r: "r \\<^sub>s r'" and s: "s \\<^sub>s s'"
shows "r \ s \\<^sub>s r' \ s'" using r
proof induct
case (Var rs rs' x)
then have "rs [\\<^sub>s] rs'" by (rule listrelp_conj1)
moreover have "[s] [\\<^sub>s] [s']" by (iprover intro: s listrelp.intros)
ultimately have "rs @ [s] [\\<^sub>s] rs' @ [s']" by (rule listrelp_app)
hence "Var x \\ (rs @ [s]) \\<^sub>s Var x \\ (rs' @ [s'])" by (rule sred.Var)
thus ?case by (simp only: app_last)
next
case (Abs x ss ss' r r')
from Abs(4) have "ss [\\<^sub>s] ss'" by (rule listrelp_conj1)
moreover have "[s] [\\<^sub>s] [s']" by (iprover intro: s listrelp.intros)
ultimately have "ss @ [s] [\\<^sub>s] ss' @ [s']" by (rule listrelp_app)
with ‹r →🚫s r'\ have "(Lam [x].r) \\ (ss @ [s]) \\<^sub>s (Lam [x].r') 🍋🍋 (ss' @ [s'])"
by (rule better_sred_Abs)
thus ?case by (simp only: app_last)
next
case (Beta x u ss t r)
hence "r[x::=u] \\ (ss @ [s]) \\<^sub>s t \ s'" by (simp only: app_last)
hence "(Lam [x].r) \ u \\ (ss @ [s]) \\<^sub>s t \ s'" by (rule better_sred_Beta)
thus ?case by (simp only: app_last)
qed
lemma lemma1':
assumes ts: "ts [\\<^sub>s] ts'"
shows "r \\<^sub>s r' \ r \\ ts \\<^sub>s r' \\ ts'" using ts
by (induct arbitrary: r r') (auto intro: lemma1)
lemma listrelp_betas:
assumes ts: "listrelp (\\<^sub>\\<^sup>*) ts ts'"
shows "\t t'. t \\<^sub>\\<^sup>* t' \ t \\ ts \\<^sub>\\<^sup>* t' \\ ts'" using ts
by induct auto
lemma lemma2:
assumes t: "t \\<^sub>s u"
shows "t \\<^sub>\\<^sup>* u" using t
by induct (auto dest: listrelp_conj2
intro: listrelp_betas apps_preserves_beta converse_rtranclp_into_rtranclp)
lemma lemma3:
assumes r: "r \\<^sub>s r'"
shows "s \\<^sub>s s' \ r[x::=s] \\<^sub>s r'[x::=s']" using r
proof (nominal_induct avoiding: x s s' rule: sred.strong_induct)
case (Var rs rs' y)
hence "map (\t. t[x::=s]) rs [\\<^sub>s] map (\t. t[x::=s']) rs'"
by induct (auto intro: listrelp.intros Var)
moreover have "Var y[x::=s] \\<^sub>s Var y[x::=s']"
by (cases "y = x") (auto simp add: Var intro: refl_sred)
ultimately show ?case by simp (rule lemma1')
next
case (Abs y ss ss' r r')
then have "r[x::=s] \\<^sub>s r'[x::=s']" by fast
moreover from Abs(8) ‹s →🚫s s'\ have "map (\t. t[x::=s]) ss [\\<^sub>s] map (\t. t[x::=s']) ss'"
by induct (auto intro: listrelp.intros Abs)
ultimately show ?case using Abs(6) ‹y ♯ x› ‹y ♯ s› ‹y ♯ s'\
by simp (rule better_sred_Abs)
next
case (Beta y u ss t r)
thus ?case by (auto simp add: subst_subst fresh_atm intro: better_sred_Beta)
qed
lemma lemma4_aux:
assumes rs: "listrelp (\t u. t \\<^sub>s u \ (\r. u \\<^sub>\ r \ t \\<^sub>s r)) rs rs'"
shows "rs' [\\<^sub>\]\<^sub>1 ss \ rs [\\<^sub>s] ss" using rs
proof (induct arbitrary: ss)
case Nil
thus ?case by cases (auto intro: listrelp.Nil)
next
case (Cons x y xs ys)
note Cons' = Cons
show ?case
proof (cases ss)
case Nil with Cons show ?thesis by simp
next
case (Cons y' ys')
hence ss: "ss = y' # ys'" by simp
from Cons Cons' have "y \\<^sub>\ y' ∧ ys' = ys \ y' = y ∧ ys [→🚫β]🚫1 ys'" by simp
hence "x # xs [\\<^sub>s] y' # ys'"
proof
assume H: "y \\<^sub>\ y' \ ys' = ys"
with Cons' have "x \\<^sub>s y'" by blast
moreover from Cons' have "xs [\\<^sub>s] ys" by (iprover dest: listrelp_conj1)
ultimately have "x # xs [\\<^sub>s] y' # ys" by (rule listrelp.Cons)
with H show ?thesis by simp
next
assume H: "y' = y \ ys [\\<^sub>\]\<^sub>1 ys'"
with Cons' have "x \\<^sub>s y'" by blast
moreover from H have "xs [\\<^sub>s] ys'" by (blast intro: Cons')
ultimately show ?thesis by (rule listrelp.Cons)
qed
with ss show ?thesis by simp
qed
qed
lemma lemma4:
assumes r: "r \\<^sub>s r'"
shows "r' \\<^sub>\ r'' \ r \\<^sub>s r''" using r
proof (nominal_induct avoiding: r'' rule: sred.strong_induct)
case (Var rs rs' x)
then obtain ss where rs: "rs' [\\<^sub>\]\<^sub>1 ss" and r'': "r'' = Var x \\ ss"
by (blast dest: head_Var_reduction)
from Var(1) [simplified] rs have "rs [\\<^sub>s] ss" by (rule lemma4_aux)
hence "Var x \\ rs \\<^sub>s Var x \\ ss" by (rule sred.Var)
with r'' show ?case by simp
next
case (Abs x ss ss' r r')
from ‹(Lam [x].r') \\ ss' →🚫β r''› show ?case
proof (cases rule: apps_betasE [where x=x])
case (appL s)
then obtain r''' where s: "s = (Lam [x].r''')" and r''': "r' \\<^sub>\ r'''" using \x \ r''\
by (cases rule: beta.strong_cases) (auto simp add: abs_fresh lam.inject alpha)
from r''' have "r \\<^sub>s r'''" by (blast intro: Abs)
moreover from Abs have "ss [\\<^sub>s] ss'" by (iprover dest: listrelp_conj1)
ultimately have "(Lam [x].r) \\ ss \\<^sub>s (Lam [x].r''') \\ ss'" by (rule better_sred_Abs)
with appL s show "(Lam [x].r) \\ ss \\<^sub>s r''" by simp
next
case (appR rs')
from Abs(6) [simplified] ‹ss' [\\<^sub>\]\<^sub>1 rs'›
have "ss [\\<^sub>s] rs'" by (rule lemma4_aux)
with ‹r →🚫s r'\ have "(Lam [x].r) \\ ss \\<^sub>s (Lam [x].r') 🍋🍋 rs'" by (rule better_sred_Abs)
with appR show "(Lam [x].r) \\ ss \\<^sub>s r''" by simp
next
case (beta t u' us')
then have Lam_eq: "(Lam [x].r') = (Lam [x].t)" and ss': "ss' = u' # us'"
and r'': "r'' = t[x::=u'] \\ us'"
by (simp_all add: abs_fresh)
from Abs(6) ss' obtain u us where
ss: "ss = u # us" and u: "u \\<^sub>s u'" and us: "us [\\<^sub>s] us'"
by cases (auto dest!: listrelp_conj1)
have "r[x::=u] \\<^sub>s r'[x::=u']" using ‹r →🚫s r'\ and u by (rule lemma3)
with us have "r[x::=u] \\ us \\<^sub>s r'[x::=u'] \\ us'" by (rule lemma1')
hence "(Lam [x].r) \ u \\ us \\<^sub>s r'[x::=u'] \\ us'" by (rule better_sred_Beta)
with ss r'' Lam_eq show "(Lam [x].r) \\ ss \\<^sub>s r''" by (simp add: lam.inject alpha)
qed
next
case (Beta x s ss t r)
show ?case
by (rule better_sred_Beta) (rule Beta)+
qed
lemma rtrancl_beta_sred:
assumes r: "r \\<^sub>\\<^sup>* r'"
shows "r \\<^sub>s r'" using r
by induct (iprover intro: refl_sred lemma4)+
subsection ‹Terms in normal form›
lemma listsp_eqvt [eqvt]:
assumes xs: "listsp p (xs::'a::pt_name list)"
shows "listsp ((pi::name prm) \ p) (pi \ xs)" using xs
by induction (use perm_app in force)+
inductive NF :: "lam \ bool"
where
App: "listsp NF ts \ NF (Var x \\ ts)"
| Abs: "NF t \ NF (Lam [x].t)"
equivariance NF
nominal_inductive NF
by (simp add: abs_fresh)
lemma Abs_NF:
assumes NF: "NF ((Lam [x].t) \\ ts)"
shows "ts = []" using NF
by (metis Abs_eq_apps_conv NF.cases Var_apps_neq_Abs_apps)
text ‹
🍋‹NF› characterizes exactly the terms that are in normal form.
›
lemma NF_eq: "NF t = (\t'. \ t \\<^sub>\ t')"
proof
assume H: "NF t"
show "\t'. \ t \\<^sub>\ t'"
proof
fix t'
from H show "\ t \\<^sub>\ t'"
proof (nominal_induct avoiding: t' rule: NF.strong_induct)
case (App ts t)
show ?case
proof
assume "Var t \\ ts \\<^sub>\ t'"
then obtain rs where "ts [\\<^sub>\]\<^sub>1 rs"
by (iprover dest: head_Var_reduction)
with App show False
by (induct rs arbitrary: ts) (auto del: in_listspD)
qed
next
case (Abs t x)
show ?case
proof
assume "(Lam [x].t) \\<^sub>\ t'"
then show False using Abs
by (cases rule: beta.strong_cases) (auto simp add: abs_fresh lam.inject alpha)
qed
qed
qed
next
assume H: "\t'. \ t \\<^sub>\ t'"
then show "NF t"
proof (nominal_induct t rule: Apps_lam_induct)
case (1 n ts)
then have "\ts'. \ ts [\\<^sub>\]\<^sub>1 ts'"
by (iprover intro: apps_preserves_betas)
with 1(1) have "listsp NF ts"
by (induct ts) (auto simp add: in_listsp_conv_set)
then show ?case by (rule NF.App)
next
case (2 x u ts)
show ?case
proof (cases ts)
case Nil thus ?thesis by (metis 2 NF.Abs abs foldl_Nil)
next
case (Cons r rs)
have "(Lam [x].u) \ r \\<^sub>\ u[x::=r]" ..
then have "(Lam [x].u) \ r \\ rs \\<^sub>\ u[x::=r] \\ rs"
by (rule apps_preserves_beta)
with Cons have "(Lam [x].u) \\ ts \\<^sub>\ u[x::=r] \\ rs"
by simp
with 2 show ?thesis by iprover
qed
qed
qed
subsection ‹Leftmost reduction and weakly normalizing terms›
inductive
lred :: "lam \ lam \ bool" (infixl ‹→🚫l› 50)
and lredlist :: "lam list \ lam list \ bool" (infixl ‹[→🚫l]› 50)
where
"s [\\<^sub>l] t \ listrelp (\\<^sub>l) s t"
| Var: "rs [\\<^sub>l] rs' \ Var x \\ rs \\<^sub>l Var x \\ rs'"
| Abs: "r \\<^sub>l r' \ (Lam [x].r) \\<^sub>l (Lam [x].r')"
| Beta: "r[x::=s] \\ ss \\<^sub>l t \ (Lam [x].r) \ s \\ ss \\<^sub>l t"
lemma lred_imp_sred:
assumes lred: "s \\<^sub>l t"
shows "s \\<^sub>s t" using lred
proof induct
case (Var rs rs' x)
then have "rs [\\<^sub>s] rs'"
by induct (iprover intro: listrelp.intros)+
then show ?case by (rule sred.Var)
next
case (Abs r r' x)
from ‹r →🚫s r'\
have "(Lam [x].r) \\ [] \\<^sub>s (Lam [x].r') \\ []" using listrelp.Nil
by (rule better_sred_Abs)
then show ?case by simp
next
case (Beta r x s ss t)
from ‹r[x::=s] 🍋🍋 ss →🚫s t›
show ?case by (rule better_sred_Beta)
qed
inductive WN :: "lam \ bool"
where
Var: "listsp WN rs \ WN (Var n \\ rs)"
| Lambda: "WN r \ WN (Lam [x].r)"
| Beta: "WN ((r[x::=s]) \\ ss) \ WN (((Lam [x].r) \ s) \\ ss)"
lemma listrelp_imp_listsp1:
assumes H: "listrelp (\x y. P x) xs ys"
shows "listsp P xs" using H
by induct auto
lemma listrelp_imp_listsp2:
assumes H: "listrelp (\x y. P y) xs ys"
shows "listsp P ys" using H
by induct auto
lemma lemma5:
assumes lred: "r \\<^sub>l r'"
shows "WN r" and "NF r'" using lred
by induct
(iprover dest: listrelp_conj1 listrelp_conj2
listrelp_imp_listsp1 listrelp_imp_listsp2 intro: WN.intros
NF.intros)+
lemma lemma6:
assumes wn: "WN r"
shows "\r'. r \\<^sub>l r'" using wn
proof induct
case (Var rs n)
then have "\rs'. rs [\\<^sub>l] rs'"
by induct (iprover intro: listrelp.intros)+
then show ?case by (iprover intro: lred.Var)
qed (iprover intro: lred.intros)+
lemma lemma7:
assumes r: "r \\<^sub>s r'"
shows "NF r' \ r \\<^sub>l r'" using r
proof induct
case (Var rs rs' x)
from ‹NF (Var x 🍋🍋 rs')\ have "listsp NF rs'"
by cases simp_all
with Var(1) have "rs [\\<^sub>l] rs'"
proof induct
case Nil
show ?case by (rule listrelp.Nil)
next
case (Cons x y xs ys)
hence "x \\<^sub>l y" and "xs [\\<^sub>l] ys" by (auto del: in_listspD)
thus ?case by (rule listrelp.Cons)
qed
thus ?case by (rule lred.Var)
next
case (Abs x ss ss' r r')
from ‹NF ((Lam [x].r') \\ ss')›
have ss': "ss' = []" by (rule Abs_NF)
from Abs(4) have ss: "ss = []" using ss'
by cases simp_all
from ss' Abs have "NF (Lam [x].r')" by simp
hence "NF r'" by (cases rule: NF.strong_cases) (auto simp add: abs_fresh lam.inject alpha)
with Abs have "r \\<^sub>l r'" by simp
hence "(Lam [x].r) \\<^sub>l (Lam [x].r')" by (rule lred.Abs)
with ss ss' show ?case by simp
next
case (Beta x s ss t r)
hence "r[x::=s] \\ ss \\<^sub>l t" by simp
thus ?case by (rule lred.Beta)
qed
lemma WN_eq: "WN t = (\t'. t \\<^sub>\\<^sup>* t' \ NF t')"
proof
assume "WN t"
then have "\t'. t \\<^sub>l t'" by (rule lemma6)
then obtain t' where t': "t \\<^sub>l t'" ..
then have NF: "NF t'" by (rule lemma5)
from t' have "t \\<^sub>s t'" by (rule lred_imp_sred)
then have "t \\<^sub>\\<^sup>* t'" by (rule lemma2)
with NF show "\t'. t \\<^sub>\\<^sup>* t' \ NF t'" by iprover
next
assume "\t'. t \\<^sub>\\<^sup>* t' \ NF t'"
then obtain t' where t': "t \\<^sub>\\<^sup>* t'" and NF: "NF t'"
by iprover
from t' have "t \\<^sub>s t'" by (rule rtrancl_beta_sred)
then have "t \\<^sub>l t'" using NF by (rule lemma7)
then show "WN t" by (rule lemma5)
qed
end