(* Title: HOL/Algebra/RingHom.thy
Author: Stephan Hohe, TU Muenchen
*)
theory RingHom
imports Ideal
begin
section ‹Homomorphisms of Non-Commutative Rings
›
text ‹Lifting existing
lemmas in a
‹ring_hom_ring
› locale›
locale ring_hom_ring = R?: ring R + S?: ring S
for R (
structure)
and S (
structure) +
fixes h
assumes homh:
"h \ ring_hom R S"
notes hom_mult [simp] = ring_hom_mult [OF homh]
and hom_one [simp] = ring_hom_one [OF homh]
sublocale ring_hom_cring
⊆ ring: ring_hom_ring
by standard (rule homh)
sublocale ring_hom_ring
⊆ abelian_group?: abelian_group_hom R S
proof
show "h \ hom (add_monoid R) (add_monoid S)"
using homh
by (simp add: hom_def ring_hom_def)
qed
lemma (
in ring_hom_ring) is_ring_hom_ring:
"ring_hom_ring R S h"
by (rule ring_hom_ring_axioms)
lemma ring_hom_ringI:
fixes R (
structure)
and S (
structure)
assumes "ring R" "ring S"
assumes hom_closed:
"!!x. x \ carrier R ==> h x \ carrier S"
and compatible_mult:
"\x y. [| x \ carrier R; y \ carrier R |] ==> h (x \ y) = h x \\<^bsub>S\<^esub> h y"
and compatible_add:
"\x y. [| x \ carrier R; y \ carrier R |] ==> h (x \ y) = h x \\<^bsub>S\<^esub> h y"
and compatible_one:
"h \ = \\<^bsub>S\<^esub>"
shows "ring_hom_ring R S h"
proof -
interpret ring R
by fact
interpret ring S
by fact
show ?thesis
proof
show "h \ ring_hom R S"
unfolding ring_hom_def
by (auto simp: compatible_mult compatible_add compatible_one hom_closed)
qed
qed
lemma ring_hom_ringI2:
assumes "ring R" "ring S"
assumes h:
"h \ ring_hom R S"
shows "ring_hom_ring R S h"
proof -
interpret R: ring R
by fact
interpret S: ring S
by fact
show ?thesis
proof
show "h \ ring_hom R S"
using h .
qed
qed
lemma ring_hom_ringI3:
fixes R (
structure)
and S (
structure)
assumes "abelian_group_hom R S h" "ring R" "ring S"
assumes compatible_mult:
"\x y. [| x \ carrier R; y \ carrier R |] ==> h (x \ y) = h x \\<^bsub>S\<^esub> h y"
and compatible_one:
"h \ = \\<^bsub>S\<^esub>"
shows "ring_hom_ring R S h"
proof -
interpret abelian_group_hom R S h
by fact
interpret R: ring R
by fact
interpret S: ring S
by fact
show ?thesis
proof
show "h \ ring_hom R S"
unfolding ring_hom_def
by (auto simp: compatible_one compatible_mult)
qed
qed
lemma ring_hom_cringI:
assumes "ring_hom_ring R S h" "cring R" "cring S"
shows "ring_hom_cring R S h"
proof -
interpret ring_hom_ring R S h
by fact
interpret R: cring R
by fact
interpret S: cring S
by fact
show ?thesis
proof
show "h \ ring_hom R S"
by (simp add: homh)
qed
qed
subsection ‹The Kernel of a Ring Homomorphism
›
🍋 ‹the kernel of a ring homomorphism
is an ideal
›
lemma (
in ring_hom_ring) kernel_is_ideal:
"ideal (a_kernel R S h) R"
apply (rule idealI [OF R.ring_axioms])
apply (rule additive_subgroup.a_subgroup[OF additive_subgroup_a_kernel])
apply (auto simp: a_kernel_def
')
done
text ‹Elements of the kernel are mapped
to zero
›
lemma (
in abelian_group_hom) kernel_zero [simp]:
"i \ a_kernel R S h \ h i = \\<^bsub>S\<^esub>"
by (simp add: a_kernel_defs)
subsection ‹Cosets
›
text ‹Cosets of the kernel correspond
to the elements of the image of the homomorphism
›
lemma (
in ring_hom_ring) rcos_imp_homeq:
assumes acarr:
"a \ carrier R"
and xrcos:
"x \ a_kernel R S h +> a"
shows "h x = h a"
proof -
interpret ideal
"a_kernel R S h" "R" by (rule kernel_is_ideal)
from xrcos
have "\i \ a_kernel R S h. x = i \ a" by (simp add: a_r_coset_defs)
from this
obtain i
where iker:
"i \ a_kernel R S h"
and x:
"x = i \ a"
by fast+
note carr = acarr iker[
THEN a_Hcarr]
from x
have "h x = h (i \ a)" by simp
also from carr
have "\ = h i \\<^bsub>S\<^esub> h a" by simp
also from iker
have "\ = \\<^bsub>S\<^esub> \\<^bsub>S\<^esub> h a" by simp
also from carr
have "\ = h a" by simp
finally
show "h x = h a" .
qed
lemma (
in ring_hom_ring) homeq_imp_rcos:
assumes acarr:
"a \ carrier R"
and xcarr:
"x \ carrier R"
and hx:
"h x = h a"
shows "x \ a_kernel R S h +> a"
proof -
interpret ideal
"a_kernel R S h" "R" by (rule kernel_is_ideal)
note carr = acarr xcarr
note hcarr = acarr[
THEN hom_closed] xcarr[
THEN hom_closed]
from hx
and hcarr
have a:
"h x \\<^bsub>S\<^esub> \\<^bsub>S\<^esub>h a = \\<^bsub>S\<^esub>" by algebra
from carr
have "h x \\<^bsub>S\<^esub> \\<^bsub>S\<^esub>h a = h (x \ \a)" by simp
from a
and this
have b:
"h (x \ \a) = \\<^bsub>S\<^esub>" by simp
from carr
have "x \ \a \ carrier R" by simp
from this
and b
have "x \ \a \ a_kernel R S h"
unfolding a_kernel_def
'
by fast
from this
and carr
show "x \ a_kernel R S h +> a" by (simp add: a_rcos_module_rev)
qed
corollary (
in ring_hom_ring) rcos_eq_homeq:
assumes acarr:
"a \ carrier R"
shows "(a_kernel R S h) +> a = {x \ carrier R. h x = h a}"
proof -
interpret ideal
"a_kernel R S h" "R" by (rule kernel_is_ideal)
show ?thesis
using assms
by (auto simp: intro: homeq_imp_rcos rcos_imp_homeq a_elemrcos_carrier)
qed
lemma (
in ring_hom_ring) hom_nat_pow:
"x \ carrier R \ h (x [^] (n :: nat)) = (h x) [^]\<^bsub>S\<^esub> n"
by (induct n) (auto)
lemma (
in ring_hom_ring) inj_on_domain:
🍋‹contributor
‹Paulo Emílio de Vilhena
››
assumes "inj_on h (carrier R)"
shows "domain S \ domain R"
proof -
assume A:
"domain S" show "domain R"
proof
have "h \ = \\<^bsub>S\<^esub> \ h \ = \\<^bsub>S\<^esub>" by simp
hence "h \ \ h \"
using domain.one_not_zero[OF A]
by simp
thus "\ \ \"
using assms
unfolding inj_on_def
by fastforce
next
fix a b
assume a:
"a \ carrier R"
and b:
"b \ carrier R"
have "h (a \ b) = (h a) \\<^bsub>S\<^esub> (h b)" by (simp add: a b)
also have " ... = (h b) \\<^bsub>S\<^esub> (h a)" using a b A cringE(1)[of S]
by (simp add: cring.cring_simprules(14) domain_def)
also have " ... = h (b \ a)" by (simp add: a b)
finally have "h (a \ b) = h (b \ a)" .
thus "a \ b = b \ a"
using assms a b
unfolding inj_on_def
by simp
assume ab:
"a \ b = \"
hence "h (a \ b) = \\<^bsub>S\<^esub>" by simp
hence "(h a) \\<^bsub>S\<^esub> (h b) = \\<^bsub>S\<^esub>" using a b
by simp
hence "h a = \\<^bsub>S\<^esub> \ h b = \\<^bsub>S\<^esub>" using a b
domain.integral[OF A]
by simp
thus "a = \ \ b = \"
using a b assms
unfolding inj_on_def
by force
qed
qed
end