/* bdtr.c * * Binomial distribution * * * * SYNOPSIS: * * int k, n; * double p, y, bdtr(); * * y = bdtr( k, n, p ); * * DESCRIPTION: * * Returns the sum of the terms 0 through k of the Binomial * probability density: * * k * -- ( n ) j n-j * > ( ) p (1-p) * -- ( j ) * j=0 * * The terms are not summed directly; instead the incomplete * beta integral is employed, according to the formula * * y = bdtr( k, n, p ) = incbet( n-k, k+1, 1-p ). * * The arguments must be positive, with p ranging from 0 to 1. * * ACCURACY: * * Tested at random points (a,b,p), with p between 0 and 1. * * a,b Relative error: * arithmetic domain # trials peak rms * For p between 0.001 and 1: * IEEE 0,100 100000 4.3e-15 2.6e-16 * See also incbet.c. * * ERROR MESSAGES: * * message condition value returned * bdtr domain k < 0 0.0 * n < k * x < 0, x > 1
*/ /* bdtrc() * * Complemented binomial distribution * * * * SYNOPSIS: * * int k, n; * double p, y, bdtrc(); * * y = bdtrc( k, n, p ); * * DESCRIPTION: * * Returns the sum of the terms k+1 through n of the Binomial * probability density: * * n * -- ( n ) j n-j * > ( ) p (1-p) * -- ( j ) * j=k+1 * * The terms are not summed directly; instead the incomplete * beta integral is employed, according to the formula * * y = bdtrc( k, n, p ) = incbet( k+1, n-k, p ). * * The arguments must be positive, with p ranging from 0 to 1. * * ACCURACY: * * Tested at random points (a,b,p). * * a,b Relative error: * arithmetic domain # trials peak rms * For p between 0.001 and 1: * IEEE 0,100 100000 6.7e-15 8.2e-16 * For p between 0 and .001: * IEEE 0,100 100000 1.5e-13 2.7e-15 * * ERROR MESSAGES: * * message condition value returned * bdtrc domain x<0, x>1, n<k 0.0
*/ /* bdtri() * * Inverse binomial distribution * * * * SYNOPSIS: * * int k, n; * double p, y, bdtri(); * * p = bdtr( k, n, y ); * * DESCRIPTION: * * Finds the event probability p such that the sum of the * terms 0 through k of the Binomial probability density * is equal to the given cumulative probability y. * * This is accomplished using the inverse beta integral * function and the relation * * 1 - p = incbi( n-k, k+1, y ). * * ACCURACY: * * Tested at random points (a,b,p). * * a,b Relative error: * arithmetic domain # trials peak rms * For p between 0.001 and 1: * IEEE 0,100 100000 2.3e-14 6.4e-16 * IEEE 0,10000 100000 6.6e-12 1.2e-13 * For p between 10^-6 and 0.001: * IEEE 0,100 100000 2.0e-12 1.3e-14 * IEEE 0,10000 100000 1.5e-12 3.2e-14 * See also incbi.c. * * ERROR MESSAGES: * * message condition value returned * bdtri domain k < 0, n <= k 0.0 * x < 0, x > 1
*/
/* bdtr() */
/* Cephes Math Library Release 2.8: June, 2000 Copyright 1984, 1987, 1995, 2000 by Stephen L. Moshier
*/
dn = n - k; if (k == 0) { if (y > 0.8)
p = -expm1(log1p(y - 1.0) / dn); else
p = 1.0 - pow(y, 1.0 / dn);
} else {
dk = k + 1;
p = incbet(dn, dk, 0.5); if (p > 0.5)
p = incbi(dk, dn, 1.0 - y); else
p = 1.0 - incbi(dn, dk, y);
} return (p);
}
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