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<h3> a  <varclass""F<var

<p

<<h458span=

<p

fieldvar="Arg><var  a subfield of acommutative ring < class="Argdivclass=ContSect

<<>581<span ="Heading"Generating<spanh4>p><em ringeminstrong=pkgstronganontrivial  varArgloisGroup><>

<p><a id

<h4>58.1 <java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0

<p><a =java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0

<h5< classpAemivisionemin="GAPstrong     < "<  multiplicative . strongkg everyring vector  divisionring overitself Note beingdivisionisthus a propertya get because isusually represented a  spacep>

<div class="func">
<A<mdivision ringem <strong""GAP algebraclass>multiplicative and"IsCommutative<code ahref=chap35.#X830A4A4C795FBC2D">spanRefLink.<spana)/>

<p>The

<p><a id="X7A5AE30E7C0F457C" name="X7A5AE30E7C0F457C"></span

<h5>58.1java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 4 out of bounds for length 4

<divclass>table="" widthjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
<p>A <em>ieldjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0


<div classGAPpromptgap&;/an <
< class=""gapgt<spantrue
true
span=GAPpromptgap&;/pan =":QuaternionAlgebra(Rationals;;    division<spanjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 137 out of bounds for length 137
true
<pan"GAPprompt>gt;pan< class
<<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
false
true="func">tableclass"func" width"100">trspan="GAPpromptgap;span spanclass""IsDivisionRing ;##  notconstructedasadivision ring</pan>
<span=>gt/ < class"GAPinputmat=[[  ]]  a:=AlgebraRationals[ mat];/pan>
<span
false
<rep> e classfuncField/code  the smallest  < class=SimpleMath"K</hatcontains the elements <pan class"SimpleMath"var =Arg"<> .span orthe  <spanclass"K<span that containscontains  elementsin  list var=rg></> If no subfield<varclass"ArgF  givenspan="SimpleMath><an>isconstructedasa over ,i. the left domainof span=SimpleMath>K/>isclass="impleMath/panCalledafieldvar"Arg>F</   var=field  var=rg>> elementsvar=Arg>/>as   over< =<var./>

<p><a id="X871AA7D58263E9AC" name="X871AA7D58263E9AC"></a></p>

<h5>58.1-3 Field</h5>

<div class
< classfunc< class"" width="00%">trclass="dleft><odeclass"func>#8227; Field</code( [<#X7F2CAA9E7A16913D"><span ="RefLink">81-1<>/) 
<pcode""><>smallestspan=><span; </>>[< class"Arg><var> ]var =rglistvar>)/<tdclass">&;function;)<td></tableiv

<p><a id="X7D9F7FD4786691EE" name="X7D9F7FD4786691EE"></a></p>

<h5

< class=func>table=func width"pcode class="><codereturns field ="span contains  elementsspan class""><ar =">/>.spanorfield =SimpleMath<spanthat allelementslist < class">/><java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 302 out of bounds for length 302
< classfunc> classdiv="">tableclasswidth100">td class=""><code =unc">;DefaultField/> arclass>ist>)< class"&;functionnbsp)td>/>table<div
<p< class="func>DefaultField</ode> returnsafield< class=""></pan  containsalltheelements< =SimpleMath"><ar="">z</ar> .<spanor <span="SimpleMath"><spanspan"GAPprompt"gap<panspan =GAPinputField()Field([( Z()    fieldsspanjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 126 out of bounds for length 126

<


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GF(java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
GF(5,GF(6 ="< =""="100%<> classtdleftcodeclass"#8227; Field/>(var=rg"><>]var"listvar)<d>d =tdright>&&bsp/td<tr/<div
<pan"GAPprompt"&;/spanspan"GAPinput>E(9) FieldCF),[ E)   abelian fields/span
CF(9)
AsFieldGaussianRationalsjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
<panspanclass"GAPprompt>gapt/span><spanclass="">f1 (EB(   ::=efaultField 5));</>
NFNF5 NF
CF
<classGAPprompt>>/>< ="GAPinput>  ;  IsSubset(f2 f1)</an
falsejava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
true
</><div

<<>aidX7C298A40852C2AFF nameX7C298A40852C2AFF>a>/p

<h5>58.1-5 DefaultFieldByGenerators</h5

div=func class"width"00"tr<tdclass=tdleft> class=">#;DefaultFieldByGenerators([varArg/varArg./>/< =tdright;operation<>/
<p>returns the defaultpreturns defaultfieldcontainingthe <var="Arg"><var> =GAPprompt>ap;/pan> < =<eturns default containingelementsvarclassArg> < classSimpleMath<>This maybebiggerthesmallestcontainingelementspjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 195 out of bounds for length 195

<p><a id="X7EF624958648D0FA" name="X7EF624958648D0FAjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0

<<<>586 </5>

<div class="func"><table class
<p>generatorsgenerators

<1 <java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 40 out of bounds for length 40

<h5>58.1-7 GeneratorsOfField</h5>

<divclass=">table class"" ="100%>><td=<h558- DivisionRingByGenerators/java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 41 out of bounds for length 40
p>with , andinversesattributeisthesame< =><<code<hrefhap58tml"<panclassRefLink"58.-/span<>)</

<p><a id="X8641861A8550F8BE" name="X8641861A8550F8BE"></a><iv class""><table

<h5

<div classdiv classfunc
<divclassfunctable classfunc"100">
<p>alledwith a field< class="Arg">F</> and

<p><code class

<>aid

h5AsDivisionRing>

< the="> ""="%>tr =tdleft =""8227GeneratorsOfField>classF> )td classnbsp)>tr<iv
<div=<
<pIn secondjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0

<> with var=Arg<>>andjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0

<p><code class="func">AsField</code> is just

<p><a id

<4>

<p>aid

<h5h5>21  Subfield>

 classfunc>fthe <arclass""<varbea division code=ode(<varvarcodeis division consists elementsvar"/>, as avector    fieldotherwise<ode class"eywfail> returned/>
<iv="table class""width"100>java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
<<<a

<p><a id="X82A0E79A7B9799E0<

<<>< classunc>tableclass" widthp>hisoperationisneededfor   of codeclass=">Field/>(href"hap58htmlX871AA7D58263E9AC"span=RefLink.-<pan< or codeclassFieldByGenerators> ahref#X8641861A8550F8BE class"RefLink">8<>a)  subfieldorder construct  leftacting fora fieldp>

<div
<> operation needed  of< class">

<> =X86DB31B57FB4F570 nameX86DB31B57FB4F570/a<>

<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0

<div class="java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
<p>an of <varclassrgD/varthat<arclassrgD<> as division a  ring with leftdomain

<pConstructs the<>Theem>primefield<em><p>  elementof<class"Arg"<>that generatesar="rg"/>asdivisionwith  actingdomainp>

<p>aidjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0

<div class="func"><table class="func" width="100%"><
<pThe> <

<<The<> <emofdivision < =">D/>>the  field   contained <class""D</var>.or ,theof  in  isisomorphic the of  .<p

<h5>58.2-java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0

<iv="func"
<pA  class"func> class="func

<><a id"X7845CECE86A83219"="X7845CECE86A83219>/>/>

<h5>58.2-6 DegreeOverPrimeField

<=""
<p<

<The>s ofvar""/over primesee< class><code( hrefhap58html#"<pan class"efLink./span<a)./p>

<<<>58-<

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<pis defining ofthefield <var="Arg"></> a field over the actingdomainolynomial/code(<var=rgvar )</tdd class"tdright">(nbsp;ttribute;<td<tr<table/>

<p><a idp> ="X82718B3B818DC699p> idX7845CECE86A83219 name="7845CECE86A83219>>p

<h5.-8 RootOfDefiningPolynomial</h5>

< classtable"func" width%<< ""> =func8227 </code(var"">/ar> class>&;&;<d/>/>/iv
<p>is a root in the field <var class="Arg">F</var> ofits  polynomial a extensionover left  domain var=ArgFvar> the obtained  aroot irreducible var"olyar    < classArg>F/ar><

<<

<h5>58.2-9 

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< field> id"8173DA4982DB1E8A" ="8173"/<<p>

<p><a id="X83490C65819D85FE" name="X83490C65819D85FE

<h5>58> norm trace <span=SimpleMathα/panare span"SimpleMath"K/,andspan=SimpleMathμαspan and class">_αspan arepolynomialsover <panclass"""><span,< class"χ<  a powerof< class=SimpleMath>μα<span, andthedegree of spanclass"SimpleMath>_α/> equals<ivclass"func>< class"func" width="00%tr classtdleft< classfunc&; RootOfDefiningPolynomial<code(var=F<ar)td< ="right(nbspattributebsp)</>r>tablediv>

<ivclass="func"><table="func" width"00"><trtd=tdleftcodeclassfunc&8227;Subfields<code(< classArg
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<h4>

<

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<p>Note that <code class

<> 

<p>or elementsinjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0

<p<>If<span class="SimpleMath"L > K</span

<h5p>java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0

<div class="func"><table class="func" 
<p> <emGalois <em><otethatfield <spanclassSimpleMath"var="rg/ &;<needm>/ beGaloisp>

< that field <span"var=rg"</>& K<spanneedem<> be Galoisp>


<div
<panclass="GAPprompt>><java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
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16
true
<<iv

<p><a id="X8738C6687D784BB5>< ="X8738C6687D784BB5 nameX8738C6687D784BB5"><a>/>

<5583-MinimalPolynomial<h5>

<div class"><ableclass=unc""widthwidth=100%">tr<tdclassdleft><code=&8227;MinimalPolynomial<code(arclassArgF/,<classArg><var  class>indvar>/d<dclass(nbspoperationnbsp)<d</>table<>>
<p>returns the


<divdiv
<span classspanclassAPpromptgapjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 2 out of bounds for length 2
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 27 out of bounds for length 7
 =GAPpromptgap;spanspan=GAPinput>(( CFjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 2 out of bounds for length 2
x_1^2+(-E(4))
<spanclass""gap;/spanspan=GAPinputMinimalPolynomial(CF8,E</span>
h5<>/>
</pre>
<p>< =java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
<>aidX80FE7E017C2D255CnameX80FE7E017C2D255C/p

<p  polynomialis product<=impleMath> )> where="></span  over theconjugatesof<<rclass="Argz/>infield=Arginfieldvar"<var   < ""<>  polynomial returned univariate overvarclass"><> the number ="></>defaulting to )<p>

< ="" class"widthjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
<preturns polynomialthattheproduct <classimpleMath(X -)/span  spanclassSimpleMath>/pan runsover theconjugates  <class"rg">z<var thefield <var class=ArgL<var var="</> Thepolynomialisreturnedasa univariatepolynomial  <var classArg"K<> in the numbervar=rginumvar ( to/java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 423 out of bounds for length 423

<p>This polynomial is sometimes x_1+-E()< classGAPpromptgap<span< =GAPinput( CF) RationalsE( )<x_12+E4)


<div
<span^+*x_141
x_1java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
<
x_1
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<p><a<div <p>This  sometimes called<>characteristic<em var="><>w..the   < class=impleMath><class"L><classArgK<var.   areinstalled<code classfuncCharacteristicPolynomial/> a =hap24tmlFA0A727CDB060Bspanclass"RefLink>24131<span>/a)  <code="uncTracePolynomialcodein  of </p>

<

< classjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
<p><code  class="<pan ="GAPprompt"apgt;<

<p><a id< class <

<h5

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<ass class""< class"unc ="100">r< class"left class>8227 
 classfuncTrace> returns  offield<var class"<<var.twofields<ar class"Arg<>andvarclass""K< arethen traceis .  extension <class"impleMath><class"ArgL>&;< class>/var/>,if   field<var=Arg>/> is then<ode""LeftActingDomain <ar="></ar>)/code> is takenasdefaultfor   subfieldvarclass""K</>   fieldis   code ="( =>)codetaken var=">.>>

<p

<p><a 

<h5

< class>tablepcode="func>Norm<//> returns thenorm java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
<

<p>The listclass=uncwidth%<r<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0


<divp> resultlist class"func"race>thetrace  thefield < class"/var.If   var class="Arg>Lvarand class"Arg>K<r> given  traceis computed wr.tthe field extensionspanclass"impleMath<lassLvar &; classArgK<var<span only  <var=ArgL<varisthen ="(< class"">L/>)/code is takenas defaultforthesubfieldvar =Arg"K/var,and is  <odeclass"( varclassclass=Arg"emrace4
<class"gt<span> <spanclass=GAPinputrm(8)) );Norm CF,E8));//an>>
1
1
<span class=funcConjugates/code> thelist <em
-E(4)
<span class 
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<<pan=GAPinput(8) ;  Trace(CF8)CF8) E);<span
0
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[ classspan="GAPprompt>>span span class="GAPinput"Norm CF(8, CF(4),E8));<span
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[ E[ classGAPprompt>&&java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 30 out of bounds for length 12
<span class="GAPprompt">gap></span> <span class="GAPinput">Conjugates( CFE(4)4)
[ E(,E(8^E(8 E()^3, 8E()^, -)-(8) java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 63 out of bounds for length 62
</pre></div>

<<a ="X8236A8B47E6AAD93" =8236A8B47E6AAD93/</

<h5>/>

<divp>et <var="Arg"F/> bea field is[()-() ]
<>

<pIfsecond <


<div <   <var=">/var> bea    Galois extensionof subfieldcode =" < ="Argvar <code>Then codeclass=ncNormalBasecodereturns     <varclass="">F</var thatforma normalbasisof <class"rgar that,avectorspacebasisthatisclosed  ofthegroupsee<odeclass""aloisGroupcode ( =chap58#CAA5BA82F09ED2span=RefLink58.<span<>)  <var class"F/var>/>
< ="GAPprompt">gap></> < class<spanclass"GAPprompt"
[ -E(5), -(5)^, -E(5)3, -E(5)^4 ]
<span <span class="h5>58.--NormalBaseh5>
1/2-1/2*< classfunc< class =[/212E4 1/12E4) ]
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<>  second varArg</var>is, itis ashintfor  to<pan[3)2 (^)^ Z3^)^,Z36),,36),,Z3^ ]
[ (2^6) Z 1/-*4)/+1/2*E() 
vjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 12 out of bounds for length 12


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Messung V0.5 in Prozent
C=93 H=95 G=93

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NIST Cobol Testsuite

Cephes Mathematical Library

Wiener Entwicklungsmethode

Haftungshinweis

Die Informationen auf dieser Webseite wurden nach bestem Wissen sorgfältig zusammengestellt. Es wird jedoch weder Vollständigkeit, noch Richtigkeit, noch Qualität der bereit gestellten Informationen zugesichert.

Bemerkung:

Die farbliche Syntaxdarstellung und die Messung sind noch experimentell.