Quelle Tomcat.java Sprache: JAVA

/*
* Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
* The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
* (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
* the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package org.apache.catalina.startup;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.security.Principal;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.jar.JarEntry;
import java.util.jar.JarFile;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.LogManager;
import java.util.logging.Logger;

import jakarta.servlet.Servlet;
import jakarta.servlet.ServletException;
import jakarta.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;

import org.apache.catalina.Container;
import org.apache.catalina.Context;
import org.apache.catalina.Engine;
import org.apache.catalina.Globals;
import org.apache.catalina.Host;
import org.apache.catalina.Lifecycle;
import org.apache.catalina.LifecycleEvent;
import org.apache.catalina.LifecycleException;
import org.apache.catalina.LifecycleListener;
import org.apache.catalina.Realm;
import org.apache.catalina.Server;
import org.apache.catalina.Service;
import org.apache.catalina.Wrapper;
import org.apache.catalina.authenticator.NonLoginAuthenticator;
import org.apache.catalina.connector.Connector;
import org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase;
import org.apache.catalina.core.NamingContextListener;
import org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext;
import org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine;
import org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHost;
import org.apache.catalina.core.StandardServer;
import org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService;
import org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapper;
import org.apache.catalina.realm.GenericPrincipal;
import org.apache.catalina.realm.RealmBase;
import org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityClassLoad;
import org.apache.catalina.util.ContextName;
import org.apache.catalina.util.IOTools;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.ExceptionUtils;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.buf.UriUtil;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.compat.JreCompat;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.descriptor.web.LoginConfig;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.file.ConfigFileLoader;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.file.ConfigurationSource;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.modeler.Registry;
import org.apache.tomcat.util.res.StringManager;

// TODO: lazy init for the temp dir - only when a JSP is compiled or
// get temp dir is called we need to create it. This will avoid the
// need for the baseDir

// TODO: allow contexts without a base dir - i.e.
// only programmatic. This would disable the default servlet.

/**
* Minimal tomcat starter for embedding/unit tests.
*
* 
* Tomcat supports multiple styles of configuration and
* startup - the most common and stable is server.xml-based,
* implemented in org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap.
*
* 
* This class is for use in apps that embed tomcat.
*
* 
* Requirements:
* <ul>
* <li>all tomcat classes and possibly servlets are in the classpath.
* (for example all is in one big jar, or in eclipse CP, or in
* any other combination)</li>
*
* <li>we need one temporary directory for work files</li>
*
* <li>no config file is required. This class provides methods to
* use if you have a webapp with a web.xml file, but it is
* optional - you can use your own servlets.</li>
* </ul>
*
* 
* There are a variety of 'add' methods to configure servlets and webapps. These
* methods, by default, create a simple in-memory security realm and apply it.
* If you need more complex security processing, you can define a subclass of
* this class.
*
* 
* This class provides a set of convenience methods for configuring web
* application contexts; all overloads of the method <code>addWebapp()</code>.
* These methods are equivalent to adding a web application to the Host's
* appBase (normally the webapps directory). These methods create a Context,
* configure it with the equivalent of the defaults provided by
* <code>conf/web.xml</code> (see {@link #initWebappDefaults(String)} for
* details) and add the Context to a Host. These methods do not use a global
* default web.xml; rather, they add a {@link LifecycleListener} to configure
* the defaults. Any WEB-INF/web.xml and META-INF/context.xml packaged with the
* application will be processed normally. Normal web fragment and
* {@link jakarta.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer} processing will be applied.
*
* 
* In complex cases, you may prefer to use the ordinary Tomcat API to create
* webapp contexts; for example, you might need to install a custom Loader
* before the call to {@link Host#addChild(Container)}. To replicate the basic
* behavior of the <code>addWebapp</code> methods, you may want to call two
* methods of this class: {@link #noDefaultWebXmlPath()} and
* {@link #getDefaultWebXmlListener()}.
*
* 
* {@link #getDefaultWebXmlListener()} returns a {@link LifecycleListener} that
* adds the standard DefaultServlet, JSP processing, and welcome files. If you
* add this listener, you must prevent Tomcat from applying any standard global
* web.xml with ...
*
* 
* {@link #noDefaultWebXmlPath()} returns a dummy pathname to configure to
* prevent {@link ContextConfig} from trying to apply a global web.xml file.
*
* 
* This class provides a main() and few simple CLI arguments,
* see setters for doc. It can be used for simple tests and
* demo.
*
* @see <a href="https://gitbox.apache.org/repos/asf?p=tomcat.git;a=blob;f=test/org/apache/catalina/startup/TestTomcat.java">TestTomcat</a>
* @author Costin Manolache
*/
public class Tomcat {

 private static final StringManager sm = StringManager.getManager(Tomcat.class);

 // Some logging implementations use weak references for loggers so there is
 // the possibility that logging configuration could be lost if GC runs just
 // after Loggers are configured but before they are used. The purpose of
 // this Map is to retain strong references to explicitly configured loggers
 // so that configuration is not lost.
 private final Map<String, Logger> pinnedLoggers = new HashMap<>();

 protected Server server;

 protected int port = 8080;
 protected String hostname = "localhost";
 protected String basedir;

 private final Map<String, String> userPass = new HashMap<>();
 private final Map<String, List<String>> userRoles = new HashMap<>();
 private final Map<String, Principal> userPrincipals = new HashMap<>();

 private boolean addDefaultWebXmlToWebapp = true;

 public Tomcat() {
 ExceptionUtils.preload();
 }

 /**
 * Tomcat requires that the base directory is set because the defaults for
 * a number of other locations, such as the work directory, are derived from
 * the base directory. This should be the first method called.
 * 
 * If this method is not called then Tomcat will attempt to use these
 * locations in the following order:
 * <ol>
 * <li>if set, the catalina.base system property</li>
 * <li>if set, the catalina.home system property</li>
 * <li>The user.dir system property (the directory where Java was run from)
 * where a directory named tomcat.$PORT will be created. $PORT is the
 * value configured via {@link #setPort(int)} which defaults to 8080 if
 * not set</li>
 * </ol>
 * The user should ensure that the file permissions for the base directory
 * are appropriate.
 * 
 * TODO: disable work dir if not needed ( no jsp, etc ).
 *
 * @param basedir The Tomcat base folder on which all others will be derived
 */
 public void setBaseDir(String basedir) {
 this.basedir = basedir;
 }

 /**
 * Set the port for the default connector. The default connector will
 * only be created if getConnector is called.
 * @param port The port number
 */
 public void setPort(int port) {
 this.port = port;
 }

 /**
 * The the hostname of the default host, default is
 * 'localhost'.
 * @param s The default host name
 */
 public void setHostname(String s) {
 hostname = s;
 }

 /**
 * This is equivalent to adding a web application to a Host's appBase
 * (usually Tomcat's webapps directory). By default, the equivalent of the
 * default web.xml will be applied to the web application (see
 * {@link #initWebappDefaults(String)}). This may be prevented by calling
 * {@link #setAddDefaultWebXmlToWebapp(boolean)} with {@code false}. Any
 * <code>WEB-INF/web.xml</code> and <code>META-INF/context.xml</code>
 * packaged with the application will always be processed and normal web
 * fragment and {@link jakarta.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer}
 * processing will always be applied.
 *
 * @param contextPath The context mapping to use, "" for root context.
 * @param docBase Base directory for the context, for static files. Must
 * exist and be an absolute path.
 *
 * @return the deployed context
 */
 public Context addWebapp(String contextPath, String docBase) {
 return addWebapp(getHost(), contextPath, docBase);
 }

 /**
 * Copy the specified WAR file to the Host's appBase and then call
 * {@link #addWebapp(String, String)} with the newly copied WAR. The WAR
 * will NOT be removed from the Host's appBase when the Tomcat
 * instance stops. Note that {@link ExpandWar} provides utility methods that
 * may be used to delete the WAR and/or expanded directory if required.
 *
 * @param contextPath The context mapping to use, "" for root context.
 * @param source The location from which the WAR should be copied
 *
 * @return The deployed Context
 *
 * @throws IOException If an I/O error occurs while copying the WAR file
 * from the specified URL to the appBase
 */
 public Context addWebapp(String contextPath, URL source) throws IOException {

 ContextName cn = new ContextName(contextPath, null);

 // Make sure a conflicting web application has not already been deployed
 Host h = getHost();
 if (h.findChild(cn.getName()) != null) {
 throw new IllegalArgumentException(sm.getString("tomcat.addWebapp.conflictChild",
 source, contextPath, cn.getName()));
 }

 // Make sure appBase does not contain a conflicting web application
 File targetWar = new File(h.getAppBaseFile(), cn.getBaseName() + ".war");
 File targetDir = new File(h.getAppBaseFile(), cn.getBaseName());

 if (targetWar.exists()) {
 throw new IllegalArgumentException(sm.getString("tomcat.addWebapp.conflictFile",
 source, contextPath, targetWar.getAbsolutePath()));
 }
 if (targetDir.exists()) {
 throw new IllegalArgumentException(sm.getString("tomcat.addWebapp.conflictFile",
 source, contextPath, targetDir.getAbsolutePath()));
 }

 // Should be good to copy the WAR now
 URLConnection uConn = source.openConnection();

 try (InputStream is = uConn.getInputStream();
 OutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(targetWar)) {
 IOTools.flow(is, os);
 }

 return addWebapp(contextPath, targetWar.getAbsolutePath());
 }

 /**
 * Add a context - programmatic mode, no default web.xml used. This means
 * that there is no JSP support (no JSP servlet), no default servlet and
 * no web socket support unless explicitly enabled via the programmatic
 * interface. There is also no
 * {@link jakarta.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer} processing and no
 * annotation processing. If a
 * {@link jakarta.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer} is added
 * programmatically, there will still be no scanning for
 * {@link jakarta.servlet.annotation.HandlesTypes} matches.
 *
 * 
 * API calls equivalent with web.xml:
 *
 * <pre>{@code
 * // context-param
 * ctx.addParameter("name", "value");
 *
 *
 * // error-page
 * ErrorPage ep = new ErrorPage();
 * ep.setErrorCode(500);
 * ep.setLocation("/error.html");
 * ctx.addErrorPage(ep);
 *
 * ctx.addMimeMapping("ext", "type");
 * }</pre>
 *
 *
 * 
 * Note: If you reload the Context, all your configuration will be lost. If
 * you need reload support, consider using a LifecycleListener to provide
 * your configuration.
 *
 * 
 * TODO: add the rest
 *
 * @param contextPath The context mapping to use, "" for root context.
 * @param docBase Base directory for the context, for static files.
 * Must exist, relative to the server home
 * @return the deployed context
 */
 public Context addContext(String contextPath, String docBase) {
 return addContext(getHost(), contextPath, docBase);
 }

 /**
 * Equivalent to <servlet><servlet-name><servlet-class>.
 *
 * 
 * In general it is better/faster to use the method that takes a
 * Servlet as param - this one can be used if the servlet is not
 * commonly used, and want to avoid loading all deps.
 * ( for example: jsp servlet )
 *
 * You can customize the returned servlet, ex:
 * <pre>
 * wrapper.addInitParameter("name", "value");
 * </pre>
 *
 * @param contextPath Context to add Servlet to
 * @param servletName Servlet name (used in mappings)
 * @param servletClass The class to be used for the Servlet
 * @return The wrapper for the servlet
 */
 public Wrapper addServlet(String contextPath,
 String servletName,
 String servletClass) {
 Container ctx = getHost().findChild(contextPath);
 return addServlet((Context) ctx, servletName, servletClass);
 }

 /**
 * Static version of {@link #addServlet(String, String, String)}
 * @param ctx Context to add Servlet to
 * @param servletName Servlet name (used in mappings)
 * @param servletClass The class to be used for the Servlet
 * @return The wrapper for the servlet
 */
 public static Wrapper addServlet(Context ctx,
 String servletName,
 String servletClass) {
 // will do class for name and set init params
 Wrapper sw = ctx.createWrapper();
 if (sw == null) {
 return null;
 }
 sw.setServletClass(servletClass);
 sw.setName(servletName);
 ctx.addChild(sw);

 return sw;
 }

 /**
 * Add an existing Servlet to the context with no class.forName or
 * initialisation.
 * @param contextPath Context to add Servlet to
 * @param servletName Servlet name (used in mappings)
 * @param servlet The Servlet to add
 * @return The wrapper for the servlet
 */
 public Wrapper addServlet(String contextPath,
 String servletName,
 Servlet servlet) {
 Container ctx = getHost().findChild(contextPath);
 return addServlet((Context) ctx, servletName, servlet);
 }

 /**
 * Static version of {@link #addServlet(String, String, Servlet)}.
 * @param ctx Context to add Servlet to
 * @param servletName Servlet name (used in mappings)
 * @param servlet The Servlet to add
 * @return The wrapper for the servlet
 */
 public static Wrapper addServlet(Context ctx,
 String servletName,
 Servlet servlet) {
 // will do class for name and set init params
 Wrapper sw = new ExistingStandardWrapper(servlet);
 sw.setName(servletName);
 ctx.addChild(sw);

 return sw;
 }

 /**
 * Initialize the server given the specified configuration source.
 * The server will be loaded according to the Tomcat configuration
 * files contained in the source (server.xml, web.xml, context.xml,
 * SSL certificates, etc).
 * If no configuration source is specified, it will use the default
 * locations for these files.
 * @param source The configuration source
 */
 public void init(ConfigurationSource source) {
 init(source, null);
 }

 /**
 * Initialize the server given the specified configuration source.
 * The server will be loaded according to the Tomcat configuration
 * files contained in the source (server.xml, web.xml, context.xml,
 * SSL certificates, etc).
 * If no configuration source is specified, it will use the default
 * locations for these files.
 * @param source The configuration source
 * @param catalinaArguments The arguments that should be passed to Catalina
 */
 public void init(ConfigurationSource source, String[] catalinaArguments) {
 ConfigFileLoader.setSource(source);
 addDefaultWebXmlToWebapp = false;
 Catalina catalina = new Catalina();
 // Load the Catalina instance with the regular configuration files
 // from specified source
 if (catalinaArguments == null) {
 catalina.load();
 } else {
 catalina.load(catalinaArguments);
 }
 // Retrieve and set the server
 server = catalina.getServer();
 }

 /**
 * Initialize the server.
 *
 * @throws LifecycleException Init error
 */
 public void init() throws LifecycleException {
 getServer();
 server.init();
 }

 /**
 * Start the server.
 *
 * @throws LifecycleException Start error
 */
 public void start() throws LifecycleException {
 getServer();
 server.start();
 }

 /**
 * Stop the server.
 *
 * @throws LifecycleException Stop error
 */
 public void stop() throws LifecycleException {
 getServer();
 server.stop();
 }

 /**
 * Destroy the server. This object cannot be used once this method has been
 * called.
 *
 * @throws LifecycleException Destroy error
 */
 public void destroy() throws LifecycleException {
 getServer();
 server.destroy();
 // Could null out objects here
 }

 /**
 * Add a user for the in-memory realm. All created apps use this
 * by default, can be replaced using setRealm().
 * @param user The user name
 * @param pass The password
 */
 public void addUser(String user, String pass) {
 userPass.put(user, pass);
 }

 /**
 * Add a role to a user.
 * @see #addUser(String, String)
 * @param user The user name
 * @param role The role name
 */
 public void addRole(String user, String role) {
 userRoles.computeIfAbsent(user, k -> new ArrayList<>()).add(role);
 }

 // ------- Extra customization -------
 // You can tune individual Tomcat objects, using internal APIs

 /**
 * Get the default HTTP connector that is used by the embedded
 * Tomcat. It is first configured connector in the service.
 * If there's no connector defined, it will create and add a default
 * connector using the port and address specified in this Tomcat
 * instance, and return it for further customization.
 *
 * @return The connector object
 */
 public Connector getConnector() {
 Service service = getService();
 if (service.findConnectors().length > 0) {
 return service.findConnectors()[0];
 }
 // The same as in standard Tomcat configuration.
 // This creates a NIO HTTP connector.
 Connector connector = new Connector("HTTP/1.1");
 connector.setPort(port);
 service.addConnector(connector);
 return connector;
 }

 /**
 * Set the specified connector in the service, if it is not already
 * present.
 * @param connector The connector instance to add
 */
 public void setConnector(Connector connector) {
 Service service = getService();
 boolean found = false;
 for (Connector serviceConnector : service.findConnectors()) {
 if (connector == serviceConnector) {
 found = true;
 break;
 }
 }
 if (!found) {
 service.addConnector(connector);
 }
 }

 /**
 * Get the service object. Can be used to add more
 * connectors and few other global settings.
 * @return The service
 */
 public Service getService() {
 return getServer().findServices()[0];
 }

 /**
 * Sets the current host - all future webapps will
 * be added to this host. When tomcat starts, the
 * host will be the default host.
 *
 * @param host The current host
 */
 public void setHost(Host host) {
 Engine engine = getEngine();
 boolean found = false;
 for (Container engineHost : engine.findChildren()) {
 if (engineHost == host) {
 found = true;
 break;
 }
 }
 if (!found) {
 engine.addChild(host);
 }
 }

 public Host getHost() {
 Engine engine = getEngine();
 if (engine.findChildren().length > 0) {
 return (Host) engine.findChildren()[0];
 }

 Host host = new StandardHost();
 host.setName(hostname);
 getEngine().addChild(host);
 return host;
 }

 /**
 * Access to the engine, for further customization.
 * @return The engine
 */
 public Engine getEngine() {
 Service service = getServer().findServices()[0];
 if (service.getContainer() != null) {
 return service.getContainer();
 }
 Engine engine = new StandardEngine();
 engine.setName( "Tomcat" );
 engine.setDefaultHost(hostname);
 engine.setRealm(createDefaultRealm());
 service.setContainer(engine);
 return engine;
 }

 /**
 * Get the server object. You can add listeners and few more
 * customizations. JNDI is disabled by default.
 * @return The Server
 */
 public Server getServer() {

 if (server != null) {
 return server;
 }

 System.setProperty("catalina.useNaming", "false");

 server = new StandardServer();

 initBaseDir();

 // Set configuration source
 ConfigFileLoader.setSource(new CatalinaBaseConfigurationSource(new File(basedir), null));

 server.setPort( -1 );

 Service service = new StandardService();
 service.setName("Tomcat");
 server.addService(service);
 return server;
 }

 /**
 * @param host The host in which the context will be deployed
 * @param contextPath The context mapping to use, "" for root context.
 * @param dir Base directory for the context, for static files.
 * Must exist, relative to the server home
 * @return the deployed context
 * @see #addContext(String, String)
 */
 public Context addContext(Host host, String contextPath, String dir) {
 return addContext(host, contextPath, contextPath, dir);
 }

 /**
 * @param host The host in which the context will be deployed
 * @param contextPath The context mapping to use, "" for root context.
 * @param contextName The context name
 * @param dir Base directory for the context, for static files.
 * Must exist, relative to the server home
 * @return the deployed context
 * @see #addContext(String, String)
 */
 public Context addContext(Host host, String contextPath, String contextName,
 String dir) {
 silence(host, contextName);
 Context ctx = createContext(host, contextPath);
 ctx.setName(contextName);
 ctx.setPath(contextPath);
 ctx.setDocBase(dir);
 ctx.addLifecycleListener(new FixContextListener());

 if (host == null) {
 getHost().addChild(ctx);
 } else {
 host.addChild(ctx);
 }
 return ctx;
 }

 /**
 * This is equivalent to adding a web application to a Host's appBase
 * (usually Tomcat's webapps directory). By default, the equivalent of the
 * default web.xml will be applied to the web application (see
 * {@link #initWebappDefaults(String)}). This may be prevented by calling
 * {@link #setAddDefaultWebXmlToWebapp(boolean)} with {@code false}. Any
 * <code>WEB-INF/web.xml</code> and <code>META-INF/context.xml</code>
 * packaged with the application will always be processed and normal web
 * fragment and {@link jakarta.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer} processing
 * will always be applied.
 *
 * @param host The host in which the context will be deployed
 * @param contextPath The context mapping to use, "" for root context.
 * @param docBase Base directory for the context, for static files. Must
 * exist and be an absolute path.
 *
 * @return the deployed context
 */
 public Context addWebapp(Host host, String contextPath, String docBase) {
 LifecycleListener listener = null;
 try {
 Class<?> clazz = Class.forName(getHost().getConfigClass());
 listener = (LifecycleListener) clazz.getConstructor().newInstance();
 } catch (ReflectiveOperationException e) {
 // Wrap in IAE since we can't easily change the method signature to
 // to throw the specific checked exceptions
 throw new IllegalArgumentException(e);
 }

 return addWebapp(host, contextPath, docBase, listener);
 }

 /**
 * This is equivalent to adding a web application to a Host's appBase
 * (usually Tomcat's webapps directory). By default, the equivalent of the
 * default web.xml will be applied to the web application (see
 * {@link #initWebappDefaults(String)}). This may be prevented by calling
 * {@link #setAddDefaultWebXmlToWebapp(boolean)} with {@code false}. Any
 * <code>WEB-INF/web.xml</code> and <code>META-INF/context.xml</code>
 * packaged with the application will always be processed and normal web
 * fragment and {@link jakarta.servlet.ServletContainerInitializer} processing
 * will always be applied.
 *
 * @param host The host in which the context will be deployed
 * @param contextPath The context mapping to use, "" for root context.
 * @param docBase Base directory for the context, for static files. Must
 * exist and be an absolute path.
 * @param config Custom context configuration helper. Any configuration
 * will be in addition to equivalent of the default
 * web.xml configuration described above.
 *
 * @return the deployed context
 */
 public Context addWebapp(Host host, String contextPath, String docBase,
 LifecycleListener config) {

 silence(host, contextPath);

 Context ctx = createContext(host, contextPath);
 ctx.setPath(contextPath);
 ctx.setDocBase(docBase);

 if (addDefaultWebXmlToWebapp) {
 ctx.addLifecycleListener(getDefaultWebXmlListener());
 }

 ctx.setConfigFile(getWebappConfigFile(docBase, contextPath));

 ctx.addLifecycleListener(config);

 if (addDefaultWebXmlToWebapp && (config instanceof ContextConfig)) {
 // prevent it from looking ( if it finds one - it'll have dup error )
 ((ContextConfig) config).setDefaultWebXml(noDefaultWebXmlPath());
 }

 if (host == null) {
 getHost().addChild(ctx);
 } else {
 host.addChild(ctx);
 }

 return ctx;
 }

 /**
 * Return a listener that provides the required configuration items for JSP
 * processing. From the standard Tomcat global web.xml. Pass this to
 * {@link Context#addLifecycleListener(LifecycleListener)} and then pass the
 * result of {@link #noDefaultWebXmlPath()} to
 * {@link ContextConfig#setDefaultWebXml(String)}.
 * @return a listener object that configures default JSP processing.
 */
 public LifecycleListener getDefaultWebXmlListener() {
 return new DefaultWebXmlListener();
 }

 /**
 * @return a pathname to pass to
 * {@link ContextConfig#setDefaultWebXml(String)} when using
 * {@link #getDefaultWebXmlListener()}.
 */
 public String noDefaultWebXmlPath() {
 return Constants.NoDefaultWebXml;
 }

 // ---------- Helper methods and classes -------------------

 /**
 * Create an in-memory realm. You can replace it for contexts with a real
 * one. The Realm created here will be added to the Engine by default and
 * may be replaced at the Engine level or over-ridden (as per normal Tomcat
 * behaviour) at the Host or Context level.
 * @return a realm instance
 */
 protected Realm createDefaultRealm() {
 return new SimpleRealm();
 }

 private class SimpleRealm extends RealmBase {

 @Override
 protected String getPassword(String username) {
 return userPass.get(username);
 }

 @Override
 protected Principal getPrincipal(String username) {
 Principal p = userPrincipals.get(username);
 if (p == null) {
 String pass = userPass.get(username);
 if (pass != null) {
 p = new GenericPrincipal(username,
 userRoles.get(username));
 userPrincipals.put(username, p);
 }
 }
 return p;
 }
 }

 protected void initBaseDir() {
 String catalinaHome = System.getProperty(Globals.CATALINA_HOME_PROP);
 if (basedir == null) {
 basedir = System.getProperty(Globals.CATALINA_BASE_PROP);
 }
 if (basedir == null) {
 basedir = catalinaHome;
 }
 if (basedir == null) {
 // Create a temp dir.
 basedir = System.getProperty("user.dir") + "/tomcat." + port;
 }

 File baseFile = new File(basedir);
 if (baseFile.exists()) {
 if (!baseFile.isDirectory()) {
 throw new IllegalArgumentException(sm.getString("tomcat.baseDirNotDir", baseFile));
 }
 } else {
 if (!baseFile.mkdirs()) {
 // Failed to create base directory
 throw new IllegalStateException(sm.getString("tomcat.baseDirMakeFail", baseFile));
 }
 /*
 * If file permissions were going to be set on the newly created
 * directory, this is the place to do it. However, even simple
 * calls such as File.setReadable(boolean,boolean) behaves
 * differently on different platforms. Therefore, setBaseDir
 * documents that the user needs to do this.
 */
 }
 try {
 baseFile = baseFile.getCanonicalFile();
 } catch (IOException e) {
 baseFile = baseFile.getAbsoluteFile();
 }
 server.setCatalinaBase(baseFile);
 System.setProperty(Globals.CATALINA_BASE_PROP, baseFile.getPath());
 basedir = baseFile.getPath();

 if (catalinaHome == null) {
 server.setCatalinaHome(baseFile);
 } else {
 File homeFile = new File(catalinaHome);
 if (!homeFile.isDirectory() && !homeFile.mkdirs()) {
 // Failed to create home directory
 throw new IllegalStateException(sm.getString("tomcat.homeDirMakeFail", homeFile));
 }
 try {
 homeFile = homeFile.getCanonicalFile();
 } catch (IOException e) {
 homeFile = homeFile.getAbsoluteFile();
 }
 server.setCatalinaHome(homeFile);
 }
 System.setProperty(Globals.CATALINA_HOME_PROP,
 server.getCatalinaHome().getPath());
 }

 static final String[] silences = new String[] {
 "org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol",
 "org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService",
 "org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine",
 "org.apache.catalina.startup.ContextConfig",
 "org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext",
 "org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener"
 };

 private boolean silent = false;

 /**
 * Controls if the loggers will be silenced or not.
 * @param silent <code>true</code> sets the log level to WARN for the
 * loggers that log information on Tomcat start up. This
 * prevents the usual startup information being logged.
 * <code>false</code> sets the log level to the default
 * level of INFO.
 */
 public void setSilent(boolean silent) {
 this.silent = silent;
 for (String s : silences) {
 Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(s);
 pinnedLoggers.put(s, logger);
 if (silent) {
 logger.setLevel(Level.WARNING);
 } else {
 logger.setLevel(Level.INFO);
 }
 }
 }

 private void silence(Host host, String contextPath) {
 String loggerName = getLoggerName(host, contextPath);
 Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(loggerName);
 pinnedLoggers.put(loggerName, logger);
 if (silent) {
 logger.setLevel(Level.WARNING);
 } else {
 logger.setLevel(Level.INFO);
 }
 }

 /**
 * By default, when calling addWebapp() to create a Context, the settings from
 * from the default web.xml are added to the context. Calling this method with
 * a <code>false</code> value prior to calling addWebapp() allows to opt out of
 * the default settings. In that event you will need to add the configurations
 * yourself, either programmatically or by using web.xml deployment descriptors.
 * @param addDefaultWebXmlToWebapp <code>false</code> will prevent the class from
 * automatically adding the default settings when
 * calling addWebapp().
 * <code>true</code> will add the default settings
 * and is the default behavior.
 * @see #addWebapp(Host, String, String, LifecycleListener)
 */
 public void setAddDefaultWebXmlToWebapp(boolean addDefaultWebXmlToWebapp){
 this.addDefaultWebXmlToWebapp = addDefaultWebXmlToWebapp;
 }

 /*
 * Uses essentially the same logic as {@link ContainerBase#logName()}.
 */
 private String getLoggerName(Host host, String contextName) {
 if (host == null) {
 host = getHost();
 }
 StringBuilder loggerName = new StringBuilder();
 loggerName.append(ContainerBase.class.getName());
 loggerName.append(".[");
 // Engine name
 loggerName.append(host.getParent().getName());
 loggerName.append("].[");
 // Host name
 loggerName.append(host.getName());
 loggerName.append("].[");
 // Context name
 if (contextName == null || contextName.equals("")) {
 loggerName.append('/');
 } else if (contextName.startsWith("##")) {
 loggerName.append('/');
 loggerName.append(contextName);
 }
 loggerName.append(']');

 return loggerName.toString();
 }

 /**
 * Create the configured {@link Context} for the given <code>host</code>.
 * The default constructor of the class that was configured with
 * {@link StandardHost#setContextClass(String)} will be used
 *
 * @param host
 * host for which the {@link Context} should be created, or
 * <code>null</code> if default host should be used
 * @param url
 * path of the webapp which should get the {@link Context}
 * @return newly created {@link Context}
 */
 private Context createContext(Host host, String url) {
 String defaultContextClass = StandardContext.class.getName();
 String contextClass = StandardContext.class.getName();
 if (host == null) {
 host = this.getHost();
 }
 if (host instanceof StandardHost) {
 contextClass = ((StandardHost) host).getContextClass();
 }
 try {
 if (defaultContextClass.equals(contextClass)) {
 return new StandardContext();
 } else {
 return (Context) Class.forName(contextClass).getConstructor()
 .newInstance();
 }

 } catch (ReflectiveOperationException | IllegalArgumentException | SecurityException e) {
 throw new IllegalArgumentException(sm.getString("tomcat.noContextClass", contextClass, host, url), e);
 }
 }

 /**
 * Enables JNDI naming which is disabled by default. Server must implement
 * {@link Lifecycle} in order for the {@link NamingContextListener} to be
 * used.
 *
 */
 public void enableNaming() {
 // Make sure getServer() has been called as that is where naming is
 // disabled
 getServer();
 server.addLifecycleListener(new NamingContextListener());

 System.setProperty("catalina.useNaming", "true");

 String value = "org.apache.naming";
 String oldValue =
 System.getProperty(javax.naming.Context.URL_PKG_PREFIXES);
 if (oldValue != null) {
 if (oldValue.contains(value)) {
 value = oldValue;
 } else {
 value = value + ":" + oldValue;
 }
 }
 System.setProperty(javax.naming.Context.URL_PKG_PREFIXES, value);

 value = System.getProperty
 (javax.naming.Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY);
 if (value == null) {
 System.setProperty
 (javax.naming.Context.INITIAL_CONTEXT_FACTORY,
 "org.apache.naming.java.javaURLContextFactory");
 }
 }

 /**
 * Provide default configuration for a context. This is broadly the
 * programmatic equivalent of the default web.xml and provides the following
 * features:
 * <ul>
 * <li>Default servlet mapped to "/"</li>
 * <li>JSP servlet mapped to "*.jsp" and ""*.jspx"</li>
 * <li>Session timeout of 30 minutes</li>
 * <li>MIME mappings (subset of those in conf/web.xml)</li>
 * <li>Welcome files</li>
 * </ul>
 * TODO: Align the MIME mappings with conf/web.xml - possibly via a common
 * file.
 *
 * @param contextPath The path of the context to set the defaults for
 */
 public void initWebappDefaults(String contextPath) {
 Container ctx = getHost().findChild(contextPath);
 initWebappDefaults((Context) ctx);
 }

 /**
 * Static version of {@link #initWebappDefaults(String)}.
 *
 * @param ctx The context to set the defaults for
 */
 public static void initWebappDefaults(Context ctx) {
 // Default servlet
 Wrapper servlet = addServlet(
 ctx, "default", "org.apache.catalina.servlets.DefaultServlet");
 servlet.setLoadOnStartup(1);
 servlet.setOverridable(true);

 // JSP servlet (by class name - to avoid loading all deps)
 servlet = addServlet(
 ctx, "jsp", "org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet");
 servlet.addInitParameter("fork", "false");
 servlet.setLoadOnStartup(3);
 servlet.setOverridable(true);

 // Servlet mappings
 ctx.addServletMappingDecoded("/", "default");
 ctx.addServletMappingDecoded("*.jsp", "jsp");
 ctx.addServletMappingDecoded("*.jspx", "jsp");

 // Sessions
 ctx.setSessionTimeout(30);

 // MIME type mappings
 addDefaultMimeTypeMappings(ctx);

 // Welcome files
 ctx.addWelcomeFile("index.html");
 ctx.addWelcomeFile("index.htm");
 ctx.addWelcomeFile("index.jsp");
 }

 /**
 * Add the default MIME type mappings to the provide Context.
 *
 * @param context The web application to which the default MIME type
 * mappings should be added.
 */
 public static void addDefaultMimeTypeMappings(Context context) {
 Properties defaultMimeMappings = new Properties();
 try (InputStream is = Tomcat.class.getResourceAsStream("MimeTypeMappings.properties")) {
 defaultMimeMappings.load(is);
 for (Map.Entry<Object, Object> entry: defaultMimeMappings.entrySet()) {
 context.addMimeMapping((String) entry.getKey(), (String) entry.getValue());
 }
 } catch (IOException e) {
 throw new IllegalStateException(sm.getString("tomcat.defaultMimeTypeMappingsFail"), e);
 }
 }

 /**
 * Fix startup sequence - required if you don't use web.xml.
 *
 * 
 * The start() method in context will set 'configured' to false - and
 * expects a listener to set it back to true.
 */
 public static class FixContextListener implements LifecycleListener {

 @Override
 public void lifecycleEvent(LifecycleEvent event) {
 try {
 Context context = (Context) event.getLifecycle();
 if (event.getType().equals(Lifecycle.CONFIGURE_START_EVENT)) {
 context.setConfigured(true);

 // Process annotations
 WebAnnotationSet.loadApplicationAnnotations(context);

 // LoginConfig is required to process @ServletSecurity
 // annotations
 if (context.getLoginConfig() == null) {
 context.setLoginConfig(new LoginConfig("NONE", null, null, null));
 context.getPipeline().addValve(new NonLoginAuthenticator());
 }
 }
 } catch (ClassCastException e) {
 }
 }
 }

 /**
 * Fix reload - required if reloading and using programmatic configuration.
 * When a context is reloaded, any programmatic configuration is lost. This
 * listener sets the equivalent of conf/web.xml when the context starts.
 */
 public static class DefaultWebXmlListener implements LifecycleListener {
 @Override
 public void lifecycleEvent(LifecycleEvent event) {
 if (Lifecycle.BEFORE_START_EVENT.equals(event.getType())) {
 initWebappDefaults((Context) event.getLifecycle());
 }
 }
 }

 /**
 * Helper class for wrapping existing servlets. This disables servlet
 * lifecycle and normal reloading, but also reduces overhead and provide
 * more direct control over the servlet.
 */
 public static class ExistingStandardWrapper extends StandardWrapper {
 private final Servlet existing;

 public ExistingStandardWrapper( Servlet existing ) {
 this.existing = existing;
 this.asyncSupported = hasAsync(existing);
 }

 private static boolean hasAsync(Servlet existing) {
 boolean result = false;
 Class<?> clazz = existing.getClass();
 WebServlet ws = clazz.getAnnotation(WebServlet.class);
 if (ws != null) {
 result = ws.asyncSupported();
 }
 return result;
 }

 @Override
 public synchronized Servlet loadServlet() throws ServletException {
 if (!instanceInitialized) {
 existing.init(facade);
 instanceInitialized = true;
 }
 return existing;
 }
 @Override
 public long getAvailable() {
 return 0;
 }
 @Override
 public boolean isUnavailable() {
 return false;
 }
 @Override
 public Servlet getServlet() {
 return existing;
 }
 @Override
 public String getServletClass() {
 return existing.getClass().getName();
 }
 }

 protected URL getWebappConfigFile(String path, String contextName) {
 File docBase = new File(path);
 if (docBase.isDirectory()) {
 return getWebappConfigFileFromDirectory(docBase, contextName);
 } else {
 return getWebappConfigFileFromWar(docBase, contextName);
 }
 }

 private URL getWebappConfigFileFromDirectory(File docBase, String contextName) {
 URL result = null;
 File webAppContextXml = new File(docBase, Constants.ApplicationContextXml);
 if (webAppContextXml.exists()) {
 try {
 result = webAppContextXml.toURI().toURL();
 } catch (MalformedURLException e) {
 Logger.getLogger(getLoggerName(getHost(), contextName)).log(Level.WARNING,
 sm.getString("tomcat.noContextXml", docBase), e);
 }
 }
 return result;
 }

 private URL getWebappConfigFileFromWar(File docBase, String contextName) {
 URL result = null;
 try (JarFile jar = new JarFile(docBase)) {
 JarEntry entry = jar.getJarEntry(Constants.ApplicationContextXml);
 if (entry != null) {
 result = UriUtil.buildJarUrl(docBase, Constants.ApplicationContextXml);
 }
 } catch (IOException e) {
 Logger.getLogger(getLoggerName(getHost(), contextName)).log(Level.WARNING,
 sm.getString("tomcat.noContextXml", docBase), e);
 }
 return result;
 }

 static {
 // Graal native images don't load any configuration except the VM default
 if (JreCompat.isGraalAvailable()) {
 try (InputStream is = new FileInputStream(new File(System.getProperty("java.util.logging.config.file", "conf/logging.properties")))) {
 LogManager.getLogManager().readConfiguration(is);
 } catch (SecurityException | IOException e) {
 // Ignore, the VM default will be used
 }
 }
 }

 /**
 * Main executable method for use with a Maven packager.
 * @param args the command line arguments
 * @throws Exception if an error occurs
 */
 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
 // Process some command line parameters
 String[] catalinaArguments = null;
 for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
 if (args[i].equals("--no-jmx")) {
 Registry.disableRegistry();
 } else if (args[i].equals("--catalina")) {
 // This was already processed before
 // Skip the rest of the arguments as they are for Catalina
 ArrayList<String> result = new ArrayList<>();
 for (int j = i + 1; j < args.length; j++) {
 result.add(args[j]);
 }
 catalinaArguments = result.toArray(new String[0]);
 break;
 }
 }
 SecurityClassLoad.securityClassLoad(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader());
 Tomcat tomcat = new Tomcat();
 // Create a Catalina instance and let it parse the configuration files
 // It will also set a shutdown hook to stop the Server when needed
 // Use the default configuration source
 tomcat.init(null, catalinaArguments);
 boolean await = false;
 String path = "";
 // Process command line parameters
 for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
 if (args[i].equals("--war")) {
 if (++i >= args.length) {
 throw new IllegalArgumentException(sm.getString("tomcat.invalidCommandLine", args[i - 1]));
 }
 File war = new File(args[i]);
 tomcat.addWebapp(path, war.getAbsolutePath());
 } else if (args[i].equals("--path")) {
 if (++i >= args.length) {
 throw new IllegalArgumentException(sm.getString("tomcat.invalidCommandLine", args[i - 1]));
 }
 path = args[i];
 } else if (args[i].equals("--await")) {
 await = true;
 } else if (args[i].equals("--no-jmx")) {
 // This was already processed before
 } else if (args[i].equals("--catalina")) {
 // This was already processed before
 // Skip the rest of the arguments as they are for Catalina
 break;
 } else {
 throw new IllegalArgumentException(sm.getString("tomcat.invalidCommandLine", args[i]));
 }
 }
 tomcat.start();
 // Ideally the utility threads are non daemon
 if (await) {
 tomcat.getServer().await();
 }
 }

}

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