(* Title: ZF/func.thy
Author: Lawrence C Paulson, Cambridge University Computer Laboratory
Copyright 1991 University of Cambridge
*)
section‹Functions,
Function Spaces, Lambda-Abstraction
›
theory func
imports equalities Sum
begin
subsection‹The Pi Operator: Dependent
Function Space
›
lemma subset_Sigma_imp_relation:
"r \ Sigma(A,B) \ relation(r)"
by (simp add: relation_def, blast)
lemma relation_converse_converse [simp]:
"relation(r) \ converse(converse(r)) = r"
by (simp add: relation_def, blast)
lemma relation_restrict [simp]:
"relation(restrict(r,A))"
by (simp add: restrict_def relation_def, blast)
lemma Pi_iff:
"f \ Pi(A,B) \ function(f) \ f<=Sigma(A,B) \ A<=domain(f)"
by (unfold Pi_def, blast)
(*For upward compatibility with the former definition*)
lemma Pi_iff_old:
"f \ Pi(A,B) \ f<=Sigma(A,B) \ (\x\A. \!y. \x,y\: f)"
by (unfold Pi_def function_def, blast)
lemma fun_is_function:
"f \ Pi(A,B) \ function(f)"
by (simp only: Pi_iff)
lemma function_imp_Pi:
"\function(f); relation(f)\ \ f \ domain(f) -> range(f)"
by (simp add: Pi_iff relation_def, blast)
lemma functionI:
"\\x y y'. \\x,y\:r; :r\ \ y=y'\ \ function(r)"
by (simp add: function_def, blast)
(*Functions are relations*)
lemma fun_is_rel:
"f \ Pi(A,B) \ f \ Sigma(A,B)"
by (unfold Pi_def, blast)
lemma Pi_cong:
"\A=A'; \x. x \ A' \ B(x)=B'(x)\ \ Pi(A,B) = Pi(A',B')"
by (simp add: Pi_def cong add: Sigma_cong)
(*Sigma_cong, Pi_cong NOT given to Addcongs: they cause
flex-flex pairs and the "Check your prover" error. Most
Sigmas and Pis are abbreviated as * or -> *)
(*Weakening one function type to another; see also Pi_type*)
lemma fun_weaken_type:
"\f \ A->B; B<=D\ \ f \ A->D"
by (unfold Pi_def, best)
subsection‹Function Application
›
lemma apply_equality2:
"\\a,b\: f; \a,c\: f; f \ Pi(A,B)\ \ b=c"
by (unfold Pi_def function_def, blast)
lemma function_apply_equality:
"\\a,b\: f; function(f)\ \ f`a = b"
by (unfold apply_def function_def, blast)
lemma apply_equality:
"\\a,b\: f; f \ Pi(A,B)\ \ f`a = b"
unfolding Pi_def
apply (blast intro: function_apply_equality)
done
(*Applying a function outside its domain yields 0*)
lemma apply_0:
"a \ domain(f) \ f`a = 0"
by (unfold apply_def, blast)
lemma Pi_memberD:
"\f \ Pi(A,B); c \ f\ \ \x\A. c = "
apply (frule fun_is_rel)
apply (blast dest: apply_equality)
done
lemma function_apply_Pair:
"\function(f); a \ domain(f)\ \ : f"
apply (simp add: function_def, clarify)
apply (subgoal_tac
"f`a = y", blast)
apply (simp add: apply_def, blast)
done
lemma apply_Pair:
"\f \ Pi(A,B); a \ A\ \ : f"
apply (simp add: Pi_iff)
apply (blast intro: function_apply_Pair)
done
(*Conclusion is flexible -- use rule_tac or else apply_funtype below!*)
lemma apply_type [TC]:
"\f \ Pi(A,B); a \ A\ \ f`a \ B(a)"
by (blast intro: apply_Pair dest: fun_is_rel)
(*This version is acceptable to the simplifier*)
lemma apply_funtype:
"\f \ A->B; a \ A\ \ f`a \ B"
by (blast dest: apply_type)
lemma apply_iff:
"f \ Pi(A,B) \ \a,b\: f \ a \ A \ f`a = b"
apply (frule fun_is_rel)
apply (blast intro!: apply_Pair apply_equality)
done
(*Refining one Pi type to another*)
lemma Pi_type:
"\f \ Pi(A,C); \x. x \ A \ f`x \ B(x)\ \ f \ Pi(A,B)"
apply (simp only: Pi_iff)
apply (blast dest: function_apply_equality)
done
(*Such functions arise in non-standard datatypes, ZF/ex/Ntree for instance*)
lemma Pi_Collect_iff:
"(f \ Pi(A, \x. {y \ B(x). P(x,y)}))
⟷ f
∈ Pi(A,B)
∧ (
∀x
∈A. P(x, f`x))
"
by (blast intro: Pi_type dest: apply_type)
lemma Pi_weaken_type:
"\f \ Pi(A,B); \x. x \ A \ B(x)<=C(x)\ \ f \ Pi(A,C)"
by (blast intro: Pi_type dest: apply_type)
(** Elimination of membership in a function **)
lemma domain_type:
"\\a,b\ \ f; f \ Pi(A,B)\ \ a \ A"
by (blast dest: fun_is_rel)
lemma range_type:
"\\a,b\ \ f; f \ Pi(A,B)\ \ b \ B(a)"
by (blast dest: fun_is_rel)
lemma Pair_mem_PiD:
"\\a,b\: f; f \ Pi(A,B)\ \ a \ A \ b \ B(a) \ f`a = b"
by (blast intro: domain_type range_type apply_equality)
subsection‹Lambda Abstraction
›
lemma lamI:
"a \ A \ \ (\x\A. b(x))"
unfolding lam_def
apply (erule RepFunI)
done
lemma lamE:
"\p: (\x\A. b(x)); \x.\x \ A; p=\ \ P
] ==> P
"
by (simp add: lam_def, blast)
lemma lamD:
"\\a,c\: (\x\A. b(x))\ \ c = b(a)"
by (simp add: lam_def)
lemma lam_type [TC]:
"\\x. x \ A \ b(x): B(x)\ \ (\x\A. b(x)) \ Pi(A,B)"
by (simp add: lam_def Pi_def function_def, blast)
lemma lam_funtype:
"(\x\A. b(x)) \ A -> {b(x). x \ A}"
by (blast intro: lam_type)
lemma function_lam:
"function (\x\A. b(x))"
by (simp add: function_def lam_def)
lemma relation_lam:
"relation (\x\A. b(x))"
by (simp add: relation_def lam_def)
lemma beta_if [simp]:
"(\x\A. b(x)) ` a = (if a \ A then b(a) else 0)"
by (simp add: apply_def lam_def, blast)
lemma beta:
"a \ A \ (\x\A. b(x)) ` a = b(a)"
by (simp add: apply_def lam_def, blast)
lemma lam_empty [simp]:
"(\x\0. b(x)) = 0"
by (simp add: lam_def)
lemma domain_lam [simp]:
"domain(Lambda(A,b)) = A"
by (simp add: lam_def, blast)
(*congruence rule for lambda abstraction*)
lemma lam_cong [cong]:
"\A=A'; \x. x \ A' \ b(x)=b'(x)\ \ Lambda(A,b) = Lambda(A',b')"
by (simp only: lam_def cong add: RepFun_cong)
lemma lam_theI:
"(\x. x \ A \ \!y. Q(x,y)) \ \f. \x\A. Q(x, f`x)"
apply (rule_tac x =
"\x\A. THE y. Q (x,y)" in exI)
apply simp
apply (blast intro: theI)
done
lemma lam_eqE:
"\(\x\A. f(x)) = (\x\A. g(x)); a \ A\ \ f(a)=g(a)"
by (fast intro!: lamI elim: equalityE lamE)
(*Empty function spaces*)
lemma Pi_empty1 [simp]:
"Pi(0,A) = {0}"
by (unfold Pi_def function_def, blast)
(*The singleton function*)
lemma singleton_fun [simp]:
"{\a,b\} \ {a} -> {b}"
by (unfold Pi_def function_def, blast)
lemma Pi_empty2 [simp]:
"(A->0) = (if A=0 then {0} else 0)"
by (unfold Pi_def function_def, force)
lemma fun_space_empty_iff [iff]:
"(A->X)=0 \ X=0 \ (A \ 0)"
apply auto
apply (fast intro!: equals0I intro: lam_type)
done
subsection‹Extensionality
›
(*Semi-extensionality!*)
lemma fun_subset:
"\f \ Pi(A,B); g \ Pi(C,D); A<=C;
∧x. x
∈ A
==> f`x = g`x
] ==> f<=g
"
by (force dest: Pi_memberD intro: apply_Pair)
lemma fun_extension:
"\f \ Pi(A,B); g \ Pi(A,D);
∧x. x
∈ A
==> f`x = g`x
] ==> f=g
"
by (blast del: subsetI intro: subset_refl sym fun_subset)
lemma eta [simp]:
"f \ Pi(A,B) \ (\x\A. f`x) = f"
apply (rule fun_extension)
apply (auto simp add: lam_type apply_type beta)
done
lemma fun_extension_iff:
"\f \ Pi(A,B); g \ Pi(A,C)\ \ (\a\A. f`a = g`a) \ f=g"
by (blast intro: fun_extension)
(*thm by Mark Staples, proof by lcp*)
lemma fun_subset_eq:
"\f \ Pi(A,B); g \ Pi(A,C)\ \ f \ g \ (f = g)"
by (blast dest: apply_Pair
intro: fun_extension apply_equality [symmetric])
(*Every element of Pi(A,B) may be expressed as a lambda abstraction!*)
lemma Pi_lamE:
assumes major:
"f \ Pi(A,B)"
and minor:
"\b. \\x\A. b(x):B(x); f = (\x\A. b(x))\ \ P"
shows "P"
apply (rule minor)
apply (rule_tac [2] eta [symmetric])
apply (blast intro: major apply_type)+
done
subsection‹Images of Functions
›
lemma image_lam:
"C \ A \ (\x\A. b(x)) `` C = {b(x). x \ C}"
by (unfold lam_def, blast)
lemma Repfun_function_if:
"function(f)
==> {f`x. x
∈ C} = (
if C
⊆ domain(f)
then f``C else cons(0,f``C))
"
apply simp
apply (intro conjI impI)
apply (blast dest: function_apply_equality intro: function_apply_Pair)
apply (rule equalityI)
apply (blast intro!: function_apply_Pair apply_0)
apply (blast dest: function_apply_equality intro: apply_0 [symmetric])
done
(*For this lemma and the next, the right-hand side could equivalently
be written \<Union>x\<in>C. {f`x} *)
lemma image_function:
"\function(f); C \ domain(f)\ \ f``C = {f`x. x \ C}"
by (simp add: Repfun_function_if)
lemma image_fun:
"\f \ Pi(A,B); C \ A\ \ f``C = {f`x. x \ C}"
apply (simp add: Pi_iff)
apply (blast intro: image_function)
done
lemma image_eq_UN:
assumes f:
"f \ Pi(A,B)" "C \ A" shows "f``C = (\x\C. {f ` x})"
by (auto simp add: image_fun [OF f])
lemma Pi_image_cons:
"\f \ Pi(A,B); x \ A\ \ f `` cons(x,y) = cons(f`x, f``y)"
by (blast dest: apply_equality apply_Pair)
subsection‹Properties of
🍋‹restrict(f,A)
››
lemma restrict_subset:
"restrict(f,A) \ f"
by (unfold restrict_def, blast)
lemma function_restrictI:
"function(f) \ function(restrict(f,A))"
by (unfold restrict_def function_def, blast)
lemma restrict_type2:
"\f \ Pi(C,B); A<=C\ \ restrict(f,A) \ Pi(A,B)"
by (simp add: Pi_iff function_def restrict_def, blast)
lemma restrict:
"restrict(f,A) ` a = (if a \ A then f`a else 0)"
by (simp add: apply_def restrict_def, blast)
lemma restrict_empty [simp]:
"restrict(f,0) = 0"
by (unfold restrict_def, simp)
lemma restrict_iff:
"z \ restrict(r,A) \ z \ r \ (\x\A. \y. z = \x, y\)"
by (simp add: restrict_def)
lemma restrict_restrict [simp]:
"restrict(restrict(r,A),B) = restrict(r, A \ B)"
by (unfold restrict_def, blast)
lemma domain_restrict [simp]:
"domain(restrict(f,C)) = domain(f) \ C"
unfolding restrict_def
apply (auto simp add: domain_def)
done
lemma restrict_idem:
"f \ Sigma(A,B) \ restrict(f,A) = f"
by (simp add: restrict_def, blast)
(*converse probably holds too*)
lemma domain_restrict_idem:
"\domain(r) \ A; relation(r)\ \ restrict(r,A) = r"
by (simp add: restrict_def relation_def, blast)
lemma domain_restrict_lam [simp]:
"domain(restrict(Lambda(A,f),C)) = A \ C"
unfolding restrict_def lam_def
apply (rule equalityI)
apply (auto simp add: domain_iff)
done
lemma restrict_if [simp]:
"restrict(f,A) ` a = (if a \ A then f`a else 0)"
by (simp add:
restrict apply_0)
lemma restrict_lam_eq:
"A<=C \ restrict(\x\C. b(x), A) = (\x\A. b(x))"
by (unfold restrict_def lam_def, auto)
lemma fun_cons_restrict_eq:
"f \ cons(a, b) -> B \ f = cons(, restrict(f, b))"
apply (rule equalityI)
prefer 2
apply (blast intro: apply_Pair restrict_subset [
THEN subsetD])
apply (auto dest!: Pi_memberD simp add: restrict_def lam_def)
done
subsection‹Unions of Functions
›
(** The Union of a set of COMPATIBLE functions is a function **)
lemma function_Union:
"\\x\S. function(x);
∀x
∈S.
∀y
∈S. x<=y | y<=x
]
==> function(
∪(S))
"
by (unfold function_def, blast)
lemma fun_Union:
"\\f\S. \C D. f \ C->D;
∀f
∈S.
∀y
∈S. f<=y | y<=f
] ==>
∪(S)
∈ domain(
∪(S)) -> range(
∪(S))
"
unfolding Pi_def
apply (blast intro!: rel_Union function_Union)
done
lemma gen_relation_Union:
"(\f. f\F \ relation(f)) \ relation(\(F))"
by (simp add: relation_def)
(** The Union of 2 disjoint functions is a function **)
lemmas Un_rls = Un_subset_iff SUM_Un_distrib1 prod_Un_distrib2
subset_trans [OF _ Un_upper1]
subset_trans [OF _ Un_upper2]
lemma fun_disjoint_Un:
"\f \ A->B; g \ C->D; A \ C = 0\
==> (f
∪ g)
∈ (A
∪ C) -> (B
∪ D)
"
(*Prove the product and domain subgoals using distributive laws*)
apply (simp add: Pi_iff extension Un_rls)
apply (unfold function_def, blast)
done
lemma fun_disjoint_apply1:
"a \ domain(g) \ (f \ g)`a = f`a"
by (simp add: apply_def, blast)
lemma fun_disjoint_apply2:
"c \ domain(f) \ (f \ g)`c = g`c"
by (simp add: apply_def, blast)
subsection‹Domain and Range of a
Function or Relation
›
lemma domain_of_fun:
"f \ Pi(A,B) \ domain(f)=A"
by (unfold Pi_def, blast)
lemma apply_rangeI:
"\f \ Pi(A,B); a \ A\ \ f`a \ range(f)"
by (erule apply_Pair [
THEN rangeI], assumption)
lemma range_of_fun:
"f \ Pi(A,B) \ f \ A->range(f)"
by (blast intro: Pi_type apply_rangeI)
subsection‹Extensions of Functions
›
lemma fun_extend:
"\f \ A->B; c\A\ \ cons(\c,b\,f) \ cons(c,A) -> cons(b,B)"
apply (frule singleton_fun [
THEN fun_disjoint_Un], blast)
apply (simp add: cons_eq)
done
lemma fun_extend3:
"\f \ A->B; c\A; b \ B\ \ cons(\c,b\,f) \ cons(c,A) -> B"
by (blast intro: fun_extend [
THEN fun_weaken_type])
lemma extend_apply:
"c \ domain(f) \ cons(\c,b\,f)`a = (if a=c then b else f`a)"
by (auto simp add: apply_def)
lemma fun_extend_apply [simp]:
"\f \ A->B; c\A\ \ cons(\c,b\,f)`a = (if a=c then b else f`a)"
apply (rule extend_apply)
apply (simp add: Pi_def, blast)
done
lemmas singleton_apply = apply_equality [OF singletonI singleton_fun, simp]
(*For Finite.ML. Inclusion of right into left is easy*)
lemma cons_fun_eq:
"c \ A \ cons(c,A) -> B = (\f \ A->B. \b\B. {cons(\c,b\, f)})"
apply (rule equalityI)
apply (safe elim!: fun_extend3)
(*Inclusion of left into right*)
apply (subgoal_tac
"restrict (x, A) \ A -> B")
prefer 2
apply (blast intro: restrict_type2)
apply (rule UN_I, assumption)
apply (rule apply_funtype [
THEN UN_I])
apply assumption
apply (rule consI1)
apply (simp (no_asm))
apply (rule fun_extension)
apply assumption
apply (blast intro: fun_extend)
apply (erule consE, simp_all)
done
lemma succ_fun_eq:
"succ(n) -> B = (\f \ n->B. \b\B. {cons(\n,b\, f)})"
by (simp add: succ_def mem_not_refl cons_fun_eq)
subsection‹Function Updates
›
definition
update ::
"[i,i,i] \ i" where
"update(f,a,b) \ \x\cons(a, domain(f)). if(x=a, b, f`x)"
nonterminal updbinds
and updbind
syntax
"_updbind" ::
"[i, i] \ updbind" (
‹(
‹indent=2
notation=
‹infix update
››_ :=/ _)
›)
"" ::
"updbind \ updbinds" (
‹_
›)
"_updbinds" ::
"[updbind, updbinds] \ updbinds" (
‹_,/ _
›)
"_Update" ::
"[i, updbinds] \ i" (
‹(
‹open_block
notation=
‹mixfix
function update
››_/
'((_)'))
› [900,0] 900)
syntax_consts
"_Update" ⇌ update
translations
"_Update (f, _updbinds(b,bs))" ==
"_Update (_Update(f,b), bs)"
"f(x:=y)" ==
"CONST update(f,x,y)"
lemma update_apply [simp]:
"f(x:=y) ` z = (if z=x then y else f`z)"
apply (simp add: update_def)
apply (case_tac
"z \ domain(f)")
apply (simp_all add: apply_0)
done
lemma update_idem:
"\f`x = y; f \ Pi(A,B); x \ A\ \ f(x:=y) = f"
unfolding update_def
apply (simp add: domain_of_fun cons_absorb)
apply (rule fun_extension)
apply (best intro: apply_type if_type lam_type, assumption, simp)
done
(* \<lbrakk>f \<in> Pi(A, B); x \<in> A\<rbrakk> \<Longrightarrow> f(x := f`x) = f *)
declare refl [
THEN update_idem, simp]
lemma domain_update [simp]:
"domain(f(x:=y)) = cons(x, domain(f))"
by (unfold update_def, simp)
lemma update_type:
"\f \ Pi(A,B); x \ A; y \ B(x)\ \ f(x:=y) \ Pi(A, B)"
unfolding update_def
apply (simp add: domain_of_fun cons_absorb apply_funtype lam_type)
done
subsection‹Monotonicity
Theorems›
subsubsection
‹Replacement
in its Various Forms
›
(*Not easy to express monotonicity in P, since any "bigger" predicate
would have to be single-valued*)
lemma Replace_mono:
"A<=B \ Replace(A,P) \ Replace(B,P)"
by (blast elim!: ReplaceE)
lemma RepFun_mono:
"A<=B \ {f(x). x \ A} \ {f(x). x \ B}"
by blast
lemma Pow_mono:
"A<=B \ Pow(A) \ Pow(B)"
by blast
lemma Union_mono:
"A<=B \ \(A) \ \(B)"
by blast
lemma UN_mono:
"\A<=C; \x. x \ A \ B(x)<=D(x)\ \ (\x\A. B(x)) \ (\x\C. D(x))"
by blast
(*Intersection is ANTI-monotonic. There are TWO premises! *)
lemma Inter_anti_mono:
"\A<=B; A\0\ \ \(B) \ \(A)"
by blast
lemma cons_mono:
"C<=D \ cons(a,C) \ cons(a,D)"
by blast
lemma Un_mono:
"\A<=C; B<=D\ \ A \ B \ C \ D"
by blast
lemma Int_mono:
"\A<=C; B<=D\ \ A \ B \ C \ D"
by blast
lemma Diff_mono:
"\A<=C; D<=B\ \ A-B \ C-D"
by blast
subsubsection
‹Standard Products, Sums
and Function Spaces
›
lemma Sigma_mono [rule_format]:
"\A<=C; \x. x \ A \ B(x) \ D(x)\ \ Sigma(A,B) \ Sigma(C,D)"
by blast
lemma sum_mono:
"\A<=C; B<=D\ \ A+B \ C+D"
by (unfold sum_def, blast)
(*Note that B->A and C->A are typically disjoint!*)
lemma Pi_mono:
"B<=C \ A->B \ A->C"
by (blast intro: lam_type elim: Pi_lamE)
lemma lam_mono:
"A<=B \ Lambda(A,c) \ Lambda(B,c)"
unfolding lam_def
apply (erule RepFun_mono)
done
subsubsection
‹Converse,
Domain, Range, Field
›
lemma converse_mono:
"r<=s \ converse(r) \ converse(s)"
by blast
lemma domain_mono:
"r<=s \ domain(r)<=domain(s)"
by blast
lemmas domain_rel_subset = subset_trans [OF domain_mono domain_subset]
lemma range_mono:
"r<=s \ range(r)<=range(s)"
by blast
lemmas range_rel_subset = subset_trans [OF range_mono range_subset]
lemma field_mono:
"r<=s \ field(r)<=field(s)"
by blast
lemma field_rel_subset:
"r \ A*A \ field(r) \ A"
by (erule field_mono [
THEN subset_trans], blast)
subsubsection
‹Images
›
lemma image_pair_mono:
"\\x y. \x,y\:r \ \x,y\:s; A<=B\ \ r``A \ s``B"
by blast
lemma vimage_pair_mono:
"\\x y. \x,y\:r \ \x,y\:s; A<=B\ \ r-``A \ s-``B"
by blast
lemma image_mono:
"\r<=s; A<=B\ \ r``A \ s``B"
by blast
lemma vimage_mono:
"\r<=s; A<=B\ \ r-``A \ s-``B"
by blast
lemma Collect_mono:
"\A<=B; \x. x \ A \ P(x) \ Q(x)\ \ Collect(A,P) \ Collect(B,Q)"
by blast
(*Used in intr_elim.ML and in individual datatype definitions*)
lemmas basic_monos = subset_refl imp_refl disj_mono conj_mono ex_mono
Collect_mono Part_mono in_mono
(* Useful with simp; contributed by Clemens Ballarin. *)
lemma bex_image_simp:
"\f \ Pi(X, Y); A \ X\ \ (\x\f``A. P(x)) \ (\x\A. P(f`x))"
apply safe
apply rule
prefer 2
apply assumption
apply (simp add: apply_equality)
apply (blast intro: apply_Pair)
done
lemma ball_image_simp:
"\f \ Pi(X, Y); A \ X\ \ (\x\f``A. P(x)) \ (\x\A. P(f`x))"
apply safe
apply (blast intro: apply_Pair)
apply (drule bspec)
apply assumption
apply (simp add: apply_equality)
done
end