(* Title: ZF/AC/AC16_WO4.thy Author: Krzysztof Grabczewski The proof of AC16(n, k) ==> WO4(n-k) Tidied (using locales) by LCP *)
theory AC16_WO4 imports AC16_lemmas begin
(* ********************************************************************** *) (* The case of finite set *) (* ********************************************************************** *)
lemma lemma1: "[Finite(A); 0∈ nat] ==>∃a f. Ord(a) ∧ domain(f) = a ∧ (∪b∧ (∀b< m)" unfolding Finite_def apply (erule bexE) apply (drule eqpoll_sym [THEN eqpoll_def [THEN def_imp_iff, THEN iffD1]]) apply (erule exE) apply (rule_tac x = n in exI) apply (rule_tac x = "λi ∈ n. {f`i}"in exI) apply (simp add: ltD bij_def surj_def) apply (fast intro!: ltI nat_into_Ord lam_funtype [THEN domain_of_fun]
singleton_eqpoll_1 [THEN eqpoll_imp_lepoll, THEN lepoll_trans]
nat_1_lepoll_iff [THEN iffD2]
elim!: apply_type ltE) done
(* ********************************************************************** *) (* The case of infinite set *) (* ********************************************************************** *)
(* well_ord(x,r) \<Longrightarrow> well_ord({{y,z}. y \<in> x}, Something(x,z)) **) lemmas well_ord_paired = paired_bij [THEN bij_is_inj, THEN well_ord_rvimage]
lemma lepoll_trans1: "[A < B; ¬ A < C]==>¬ B < C" by (blast intro: lepoll_trans)
(* ********************************************************************** *) (* There exists a well ordered set y such that ... *) (* ********************************************************************** *)
lemmas lepoll_paired = paired_eqpoll [THEN eqpoll_sym, THEN eqpoll_imp_lepoll]
lemma lemma2: "∃y R. well_ord(y,R) ∧ x ∩ y = 0 ∧¬y < z ∧¬Finite(y)" apply (rule_tac x = "{{a,x}. a ∈ nat ∪ Hartog (z) }"in exI) apply (rule well_ord_Un [OF Ord_nat [THEN well_ord_Memrel]
Ord_Hartog [THEN well_ord_Memrel], THEN exE]) apply (blast intro!: Ord_Hartog well_ord_Memrel well_ord_paired
lepoll_trans1 [OF _ not_Hartog_lepoll_self]
lepoll_trans [OF subset_imp_lepoll lepoll_paired]
elim!: nat_not_Finite [THENnotE]
elim: mem_asym
dest!: Un_upper1 [THEN subset_imp_lepoll, THEN lepoll_Finite]
lepoll_paired [THEN lepoll_Finite]) done
lemma infinite_Un: "¬Finite(B) ==>¬Finite(A ∪ B)" by (blast intro: subset_Finite)
(* ********************************************************************** *) (* There is a v \<in> s(u) such that k \<lesssim> x \<inter> y (in our case succ(k)) *) (* The idea of the proof is the following \<in> *) (* Suppose not, i.e. every element of s(u) has exactly k-1 elements of y *) (* Thence y is less than or equipollent to {v \<in> Pow(x). v \<approx> n#-k} *) (* We have obtained this result in two steps \<in> *) (* 1. y is less than or equipollent to {v \<in> s(u). a \<subseteq> v} *) (* where a is certain k-2 element subset of y *) (* 2. {v \<in> s(u). a \<subseteq> v} is less than or equipollent *) (* to {v \<in> Pow(x). v \<approx> n-k} *) (* ********************************************************************** *)
(*Proof simplified by LCP*) lemma succ_not_lepoll_lemma: "[¬(∃x ∈ A. f`x=y); f ∈ inj(A, B); y ∈ B] ==> (λa ∈ succ(A). if(a=A, y, f`a)) ∈ inj(succ(A), B)" apply (rule_tac d = "λz. if (z=y, A, converse (f) `z) "in lam_injective) apply (force simp add: inj_is_fun [THEN apply_type]) (*this preliminary simplification prevents looping somehow*) apply (simp (no_asm_simp)) apply force done
(* ********************************************************************** *) (* There is a k-2 element subset of y *) (* ********************************************************************** *)
(* ********************************************************************** *) (* LL can be well ordered *) (* ********************************************************************** *)
lemma subsets_lepoll_0_eq_unit: "{x ∈ Pow(X). x < 0} = {0}" by (fast dest!: lepoll_0_is_0 intro!: lepoll_refl)
lemma subsets_lepoll_succ: "n ∈ nat ==> {z ∈ Pow(y). z < succ(n)} = {z ∈ Pow(y). z < n} ∪ {z ∈ Pow(y). z ≈ succ(n)}" by (blast intro: leI le_imp_lepoll nat_into_Ord
lepoll_trans eqpoll_imp_lepoll
dest!: lepoll_succ_disj)
lemma Int_empty: "n ∈ nat ==> {z ∈ Pow(y). z < n} ∩ {z ∈ Pow(y). z ≈ succ(n)} = 0" by (blast intro: eqpoll_sym [THEN eqpoll_imp_lepoll, THEN lepoll_trans]
succ_lepoll_natE)
locale AC16 = fixes x and y and k and l and m and t_n and R and MM and LL and GG and s defines k_def: "k ≡ succ(l)" and MM_def: "MM ≡ {v ∈ t_n. succ(k) < v ∩ y}" and LL_def: "LL ≡ {v ∩ y. v ∈ MM}" and GG_def: "GG ≡ λv ∈ LL. (THE w. w ∈ MM ∧ v ⊆ w) - v" and s_def: "s(u) ≡ {v ∈ t_n. u ∈ v ∧ k < v ∩ y}" assumes all_ex: "∀z ∈ {z ∈ Pow(x ∪ y) . z ≈ succ(k)}. ∃! w. w ∈ t_n ∧ z ⊆ w " and disjoint[iff]: "x ∩ y = 0" and"includes": "t_n ⊆ {v ∈ Pow(x ∪ y). v ≈ succ(k #+ m)}" and WO_R[iff]: "well_ord(y,R)" and lnat[iff]: "l ∈ nat" and mnat[iff]: "m ∈ nat" and mpos[iff]: "0 and Infinite[iff]: "¬ Finite(y)" and noLepoll: "¬ y < {v ∈ Pow(x). v ≈ m}" begin
lemma knat [iff]: "k ∈ nat" by (simp add: k_def)
(* ********************************************************************** *) (* 1. y is less than or equipollent to {v \<in> s(u). a \<subseteq> v} *) (* where a is certain k-2 element subset of y *) (* ********************************************************************** *)
lemma Diff_Finite_eqpoll: "[l ≈ a; a ⊆ y]==> y - a ≈ y" apply (insert WO_R Infinite lnat) apply (rule eqpoll_trans) apply (rule Diff_lesspoll_eqpoll_Card) apply (erule well_ord_cardinal_eqpoll [THEN eqpoll_sym]) apply (blast intro: lesspoll_trans1
intro!: Card_cardinal
Card_cardinal [THEN Card_is_Ord, THEN nat_le_infinite_Ord, THEN le_imp_lepoll]
dest: well_ord_cardinal_eqpoll
eqpoll_sym eqpoll_imp_lepoll
n_lesspoll_nat [THEN lesspoll_trans2]
well_ord_cardinal_eqpoll [THEN eqpoll_sym, THEN eqpoll_imp_lepoll, THEN lepoll_infinite])+ done
lemma s_subset: "s(u) ⊆ t_n" by (unfold s_def, blast)
lemma sI: "[w ∈ t_n; cons(b,cons(u,a)) ⊆ w; a ⊆ y; b ∈ y-a; l ≈ a] ==> w ∈ s(u)" unfolding s_def succ_def k_def apply (blast intro!: eqpoll_imp_lepoll [THEN cons_lepoll_cong]
intro: subset_imp_lepoll lepoll_trans) done
lemma in_s_imp_u_in: "v ∈ s(u) ==> u ∈ v" by (unfold s_def, blast)
lemma ex1_superset_a: "[l ≈ a; a ⊆ y; b ∈ y - a; u ∈ x] ==>∃! c. c ∈ s(u) ∧ a ⊆ c ∧ b ∈ c" apply (rule all_ex [simplified k_def, THEN ballE]) apply (erule ex1E) apply (rule_tac a = w in ex1I, blast intro: sI) apply (blast dest: s_subset [THEN subsetD] in_s_imp_u_in) apply (blast del: PowI
intro!: cons_cons_subset eqpoll_sym [THEN cons_cons_eqpoll]) done
lemma the_eq_cons: "[∀v ∈ s(u). succ(l) ≈ v ∩ y; l ≈ a; a ⊆ y; b ∈ y - a; u ∈ x] ==> (THE c. c ∈ s(u) ∧ a ⊆ c ∧ b ∈ c) ∩ y = cons(b, a)" apply (frule ex1_superset_a [THEN theI], assumption+) apply (rule set_eq_cons) apply (fast+) done
lemma y_lepoll_subset_s: "[∀v ∈ s(u). succ(l) ≈ v ∩ y; l ≈ a; a ⊆ y; u ∈ x] ==> y < {v ∈ s(u). a ⊆ v}" apply (rule Diff_Finite_eqpoll [THEN eqpoll_sym, THEN eqpoll_imp_lepoll, THEN lepoll_trans], fast+) apply (rule_tac f3 = "λb ∈ y-a. THE c. c ∈ s (u) ∧ a ⊆ c ∧ b ∈ c" in exI [THEN lepoll_def [THEN def_imp_iff, THEN iffD2]]) apply (simp add: inj_def) apply (rule conjI) apply (rule lam_type) apply (frule ex1_superset_a [THEN theI], fast+, clarify) apply (rule cons_eqE [of _ a]) apply (drule_tac A = "THE c. P (c)"and C = y for P in eq_imp_Int_eq) apply (simp_all add: the_eq_cons) done
(* ********************************************************************** *) (* back to the second part *) (* ********************************************************************** *)
(*relies on the disjointness of x, y*) lemma x_imp_not_y [dest]: "a ∈ x ==> a ∉ y" by (blast dest: disjoint [THEN equalityD1, THEN subsetD, OF IntI])
lemma w_Int_eq_w_Diff: "w ⊆ x ∪ y ==> w ∩ (x - {u}) = w - cons(u, w ∩ y)" by blast
lemma w_Int_eqpoll_m: "[w ∈ {v ∈ s(u). a ⊆ v}; l ≈ a; u ∈ x; ∀v ∈ s(u). succ(l) ≈ v ∩ y] ==> w ∩ (x - {u}) ≈ m" apply (erule CollectE) apply (subst w_Int_eq_w_Diff) apply (fast dest!: s_subset [THEN subsetD] "includes" [simplified k_def, THEN subsetD]) apply (blast dest: s_subset [THEN subsetD] "includes" [simplified k_def, THEN subsetD]
dest: eqpoll_sym [THEN cons_eqpoll_succ, THEN eqpoll_sym]
in_s_imp_u_in
intro!: eqpoll_sum_imp_Diff_eqpoll) done
(* ********************************************************************** *) (* 2. {v \<in> s(u). a \<subseteq> v} is less than or equipollent *) (* to {v \<in> Pow(x). v \<approx> n-k} *) (* ********************************************************************** *)
lemma eqpoll_m_not_empty: "a ≈ m ==> a ≠ 0" apply (insert mpos) apply (fast elim!: zero_lt_natE dest!: eqpoll_succ_imp_not_empty) done
lemma cons_cons_in: "[z ∈ xa ∩ (x - {u}); l ≈ a; a ⊆ y; u ∈ x] ==>∃! w. w ∈ t_n ∧ cons(z, cons(u, a)) ⊆ w" apply (rule all_ex [THEN bspec]) unfolding k_def apply (fast intro!: cons_eqpoll_succ elim: eqpoll_sym) done
lemma subset_s_lepoll_w: "[∀v ∈ s(u). succ(l) ≈ v ∩ y; a ⊆ y; l ≈ a; u ∈ x] ==> {v ∈ s(u). a ⊆ v} < {v ∈ Pow(x). v ≈ m}" apply (rule_tac f3 = "λw ∈ {v ∈ s (u) . a ⊆ v}. w ∩ (x - {u})" in exI [THEN lepoll_def [THEN def_imp_iff, THEN iffD2]]) apply (simp add: inj_def) apply (intro conjI lam_type CollectI) apply fast apply (blast intro: w_Int_eqpoll_m) apply (intro ballI impI) (** LEVEL 8 **) apply (rule w_Int_eqpoll_m [THEN eqpoll_m_not_empty, THEN not_emptyE]) apply (blast, assumption+) apply (drule equalityD1 [THEN subsetD], assumption) apply (frule cons_cons_in, assumption+) apply (blast dest: ex1_two_eq intro: s_subset [THEN subsetD] in_s_imp_u_in)+ done
(* ********************************************************************** *) (* every element of LL is a contained in exactly one element of MM *) (* ********************************************************************** *)
lemma unique_superset_in_MM: "v ∈ LL ==>∃! w. w ∈ MM ∧ v ⊆ w" apply (unfold MM_def LL_def, safe, fast) apply (rule lepoll_imp_eqpoll_subset [THEN exE], assumption) apply (rule_tac x = x in all_ex [THEN ballE]) apply (blast intro: eqpoll_sym)+ done
(* ********************************************************************** *) (* The function GG satisfies the conditions of WO4 *) (* ********************************************************************** *)
(* ********************************************************************** *) (* The union of appropriate values is the whole x *) (* ********************************************************************** *)
lemma Int_in_LL: "w ∈ MM ==> w ∩ y ∈ LL" by (unfold LL_def, fast)
lemma in_LL_eq_Int: "v ∈ LL ==> v = (THE x. x ∈ MM ∧ v ⊆ x) ∩ y" apply (unfold LL_def, clarify) apply (subst unique_superset_in_MM [THEN the_equality2]) apply (auto simp add: Int_in_LL) done
lemma unique_superset1: "a ∈ LL ==> (THE x. x ∈ MM ∧ a ⊆ x) ∈ MM" by (erule unique_superset_in_MM [THEN theI, THEN conjunct1])
lemma the_in_MM_subset: "v ∈ LL ==> (THE x. x ∈ MM ∧ v ⊆ x) ⊆ x ∪ y" apply (drule unique_superset1) unfolding MM_def apply (fast dest!: unique_superset1 "includes" [THEN subsetD]) done
(* ********************************************************************** *) (* Every element of the family is less than or equipollent to n-k (m) *) (* ********************************************************************** *)
lemma in_MM_eqpoll_n: "w ∈ MM ==> w ≈ succ(k #+ m)" unfolding MM_def apply (fast dest: "includes" [THEN subsetD]) done
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