quotient_type rat = "int × int" / partial: "ratrel" morphisms Rep_Rat Abs_Rat by (rule part_equivp_ratrel)
lemma Domainp_cr_rat [transfer_domain_rule]: "Domainp pcr_rat = (λx. snd x ≠ 0)" by (simp add: rat.domain_eq)
subsubsection ‹Representation and basic operations›
lift_definition Fract :: "int ==> int ==> rat" is"λa b. if b = 0 then (0, 1) else (a, b)" by simp
lemma eq_rat: "∧a b c d. b ≠ 0 ==> d ≠ 0 ==> Fract a b = Fract c d ⟷ a * d = c * b" "∧a. Fract a 0 = Fract 0 1" "∧a c. Fract 0 a = Fract 0 c" by (transfer, simp)+
lemma Rat_cases [case_names Fract, cases type: rat]: assumes that: "∧a b. q = Fract a b ==> b > 0 ==> coprime a b ==> C" shows C proof - obtain a b :: int where q: "q = Fract a b"and b: "b ≠ 0" by transfer simp let ?a = "a div gcd a b" let ?b = "b div gcd a b" from b have"?b * gcd a b = b" by simp with b have"?b ≠ 0" by fastforce with q b have q2: "q = Fract ?a ?b" by (simp add: eq_rat dvd_div_mult mult.commute [of a]) from b have coprime: "coprime ?a ?b" by (auto intro: div_gcd_coprime) show C proof (cases "b > 0") case True thenhave"?b > 0" by (simp add: nonneg1_imp_zdiv_pos_iff) from q2 this coprime show C by (rule that) next case False have"q = Fract (- ?a) (- ?b)" unfolding q2 by transfer simp moreoverfrom False b have"- ?b > 0" by (simp add: pos_imp_zdiv_neg_iff) moreoverfrom coprime have"coprime (- ?a) (- ?b)" by simp ultimatelyshow C by (rule that) qed qed
lemma Rat_induct [case_names Fract, induct type: rat]: assumes"∧a b. b > 0 ==> coprime a b ==> P (Fract a b)" shows"P q" using assms by (cases q) simp
instantiation rat :: field begin
lift_definition zero_rat :: "rat"is"(0, 1)" by simp
lift_definition one_rat :: "rat"is"(1, 1)" by simp
lemma Zero_rat_def: "0 = Fract 0 1" by transfer simp
lemma One_rat_def: "1 = Fract 1 1" by transfer simp
lift_definition plus_rat :: "rat ==> rat ==> rat" is"λx y. (fst x * snd y + fst y * snd x, snd x * snd y)" by (auto simp: distrib_right) (simp add: ac_simps)
lemma add_rat [simp]: assumes"b ≠ 0"and"d ≠ 0" shows"Fract a b + Fract c d = Fract (a * d + c * b) (b * d)" using assms by transfer simp
lemma minus_rat [simp]: "- Fract a b = Fract (- a) b" by transfer simp
lemma minus_rat_cancel [simp]: "Fract (- a) (- b) = Fract a b" by (cases "b = 0") (simp_all add: eq_rat)
definition diff_rat_def: "q - r = q + - r"for q r :: rat
lemma diff_rat [simp]: "b ≠ 0 ==> d ≠ 0 ==> Fract a b - Fract c d = Fract (a * d - c * b) (b * d)" by (simp add: diff_rat_def)
lift_definition times_rat :: "rat ==> rat ==> rat" is"λx y. (fst x * fst y, snd x * snd y)" by (simp add: ac_simps)
lemma mult_rat [simp]: "Fract a b * Fract c d = Fract (a * c) (b * d)" by transfer simp
lemma mult_rat_cancel: "c ≠ 0 ==> Fract (c * a) (c * b) = Fract a b" by transfer simp
lift_definition inverse_rat :: "rat ==> rat" is"λx. if fst x = 0 then (0, 1) else (snd x, fst x)" by (auto simp add: mult.commute)
lemma inverse_rat [simp]: "inverse (Fract a b) = Fract b a" by transfer simp
definition divide_rat_def: "q div r = q * inverse r"for q r :: rat
lemma divide_rat [simp]: "Fract a b div Fract c d = Fract (a * d) (b * c)" by (simp add: divide_rat_def)
instance proof fix q r s :: rat show"(q * r) * s = q * (r * s)" by transfer simp show"q * r = r * q" by transfer simp show"1 * q = q" by transfer simp show"(q + r) + s = q + (r + s)" by transfer (simp add: algebra_simps) show"q + r = r + q" by transfer simp show"0 + q = q" by transfer simp show"- q + q = 0" by transfer simp show"q - r = q + - r" by (fact diff_rat_def) show"(q + r) * s = q * s + r * s" by transfer (simp add: algebra_simps) show"(0::rat) ≠ 1" by transfer simp show"inverse q * q = 1"if"q ≠ 0" using that by transfer simp show"q div r = q * inverse r" by (fact divide_rat_def) show"inverse 0 = (0::rat)" by transfer simp qed
end
(* We cannot state these two rules earlier because of pending sort hypotheses *) lemma div_add_self1_no_field [simp]: assumes"NO_MATCH (x :: 'b :: field) b""(b :: 'a :: euclidean_semiring_cancel) ≠0" shows"(b + a) div b = a div b + 1" using assms(2) by (fact div_add_self1)
lemma div_add_self2_no_field [simp]: assumes"NO_MATCH (x :: 'b :: field) b""(b :: 'a :: euclidean_semiring_cancel) ≠0" shows"(a + b) div b = a div b + 1" using assms(2) by (fact div_add_self2)
lemma of_nat_rat: "of_nat k = Fract (of_nat k) 1" by (induct k) (simp_all add: Zero_rat_def One_rat_def)
lemma of_int_rat: "of_int k = Fract k 1" by (cases k rule: int_diff_cases) (simp add: of_nat_rat)
lemma Rat_cases_nonzero [case_names Fract 0]: assumes Fract: "∧a b. q = Fract a b ==> b > 0 ==> a ≠ 0 ==> coprime a b ==> C" and 0: "q = 0 ==> C" shows C proof (cases "q = 0") case True thenshow C using 0 by auto next case False thenobtain a b where *: "q = Fract a b""b > 0""coprime a b" by (cases q) auto with False have"0 ≠ Fract a b" by simp with‹b > 0›have"a ≠ 0" by (simp add: Zero_rat_def eq_rat) with Fract * show C by blast qed
subsubsection ‹Function ‹normalize›\ lemma Fract_coprime: "Fract (a div gcd a b) (b div gcd a b) = Fract a b" proof (cases "b = 0") case True thenshow ?thesis by (simp add: eq_rat) next case False moreoverhave"b div gcd a b * gcd a b = b" by (rule dvd_div_mult_self) simp ultimatelyhave"b div gcd a b * gcd a b ≠ 0" by simp thenhave"b div gcd a b ≠ 0" by fastforce with False show ?thesis by (simp add: eq_rat dvd_div_mult mult.commute [of a]) qed
definition normalize :: "int × int ==> int × int" where"normalize p = (if snd p > 0 then (let a = gcd (fst p) (snd p) in (fst p div a, snd p div a)) else if snd p = 0 then (0, 1) else (let a = - gcd (fst p) (snd p) in (fst p div a, snd p div a)))"
lemma normalize_crossproduct: assumes"q ≠ 0""s ≠ 0" assumes"normalize (p, q) = normalize (r, s)" shows"p * s = r * q" proof - have *: "p * s = q * r" if"p * gcd r s = sgn (q * s) * r * gcd p q"and"q * gcd r s = sgn (q * s) * s * gcd p q" proof - from that have"(p * gcd r s) * (sgn (q * s) * s * gcd p q) = (q * gcd r s) * (sgn (q * s) * r * gcd p q)" by simp with assms show ?thesis by (auto simp add: ac_simps sgn_mult sgn_0_0) qed from assms show ?thesis by (auto simp: normalize_def Let_def dvd_div_div_eq_mult mult.commute sgn_mult
split: if_splits intro: *) qed
lemma normalize_eq: "normalize (a, b) = (p, q) ==> Fract p q = Fract a b" by (auto simp: normalize_def Let_def Fract_coprime dvd_div_neg rat_number_collapse
split: if_split_asm)
text‹ Decompose a fraction into normalized, i.e. coprime numerator and denominator: ›
definition quotient_of :: "rat ==> int × int" where"quotient_of x = (THE pair. x = Fract (fst pair) (snd pair) ∧ snd pair > 0 ∧ coprime (fst pair) (snd pair))"
lemma quotient_of_unique: "∃!p. r = Fract (fst p) (snd p) ∧ snd p > 0 ∧ coprime (fst p) (snd p)" proof (cases r) case (Fract a b) thenhave"r = Fract (fst (a, b)) (snd (a, b)) ∧ snd (a, b) > 0 ∧ coprime (fst (a, b)) (snd (a, b))" by auto thenshow ?thesis proof (rule ex1I) fix p assume r: "r = Fract (fst p) (snd p) ∧ snd p > 0 ∧ coprime (fst p) (snd p)" obtain c d where p: "p = (c, d)"by (cases p) with r have Fract': "r = Fract c d""d > 0""coprime c d" by simp_all have"(c, d) = (a, b)" proof (cases "a = 0") case True with Fract Fract' show ?thesis by (simp add: eq_rat) next case False with Fract Fract' have *: "c * b = a * d"and"c ≠ 0" by (auto simp add: eq_rat) thenhave"c * b > 0 ⟷ a * d > 0" by auto with‹b > 0›‹d > 0›have"a > 0 ⟷ c > 0" by (simp add: zero_less_mult_iff) with‹a ≠ 0›‹c ≠ 0›have sgn: "sgn a = sgn c" by (auto simp add: not_less) from‹coprime a b›‹coprime c d›have"∣a∣ * ∣d∣ = ∣c∣ * ∣b∣⟷∣a∣ = ∣c∣∧∣d∣ = ∣b∣" by (simp add: coprime_crossproduct_int) with‹b > 0›‹d > 0›have"∣a∣ * d = ∣c∣ * b ⟷∣a∣ = ∣c∣∧ d = b" by simp thenhave"a * sgn a * d = c * sgn c * b ⟷ a * sgn a = c * sgn c ∧ d = b" by (simp add: abs_sgn) with sgn * show ?thesis by (auto simp add: sgn_0_0) qed with p show"p = (a, b)" by simp qed qed
lemma quotient_of_Fract [code]: "quotient_of (Fract a b) = normalize (a, b)" proof - have"Fract a b = Fract (fst (normalize (a, b))) (snd (normalize (a, b)))" (is ?Fract) by (rule sym) (auto intro: normalize_eq) moreoverhave"0 < snd (normalize (a, b))" (is ?denom_pos) by (cases "normalize (a, b)") (rule normalize_denom_pos, simp) moreoverhave"coprime (fst (normalize (a, b))) (snd (normalize (a, b)))" (is ?coprime) by (rule normalize_coprime) simp ultimatelyhave"?Fract ∧ ?denom_pos ∧ ?coprime"by blast thenhave"(THE p. Fract a b = Fract (fst p) (snd p) ∧ 0 < snd p ∧ coprime (fst p) (snd p)) = normalize (a, b)" by (rule the1_equality [OF quotient_of_unique]) thenshow ?thesis by (simp add: quotient_of_def) qed
lemma quotient_of_eq: "quotient_of (Fract a b) = (p, q) ==> Fract p q = Fract a b" by (simp add: quotient_of_Fract normalize_eq)
lemma quotient_of_denom_pos: "quotient_of r = (p, q) ==> q > 0" by (cases r) (simp add: quotient_of_Fract normalize_denom_pos)
lemma quotient_of_denom_pos': "snd (quotient_of r) > 0" using quotient_of_denom_pos [of r] by (simp add: prod_eq_iff)
lemma quotient_of_coprime: "quotient_of r = (p, q) ==> coprime p q" by (cases r) (simp add: quotient_of_Fract normalize_coprime)
lemma quotient_of_inject: assumes"quotient_of a = quotient_of b" shows"a = b" proof - obtain p q r s where a: "a = Fract p q"and b: "b = Fract r s"and"q > 0"and"s > 0" by (cases a, cases b) with assms show ?thesis by (simp add: eq_rat quotient_of_Fract normalize_crossproduct) qed
lemma quotient_of_inject_eq: "quotient_of a = quotient_of b ⟷ a = b" by (auto simp add: quotient_of_inject)
subsubsection ‹Various›
lemma Fract_of_int_quotient: "Fract k l = of_int k / of_int l" by (simp add: Fract_of_int_eq [symmetric])
lemma Fract_add_one: "n ≠ 0 ==> Fract (m + n) n = Fract m n + 1" by (simp add: rat_number_expand)
lemma quotient_of_div: assumes r: "quotient_of r = (n,d)" shows"r = of_int n / of_int d" proof - from theI'[OF quotient_of_unique[of r], unfolded r[unfolded quotient_of_def]] have"r = Fract n d"by simp thenshow ?thesis using Fract_of_int_quotient by simp qed
lemma Fract_quotient_of [simp]: "Fract (fst (quotient_of r)) (snd (quotient_of r)) = r" using Fract_of_int_quotient quotient_of_div by auto
subsubsection ‹The ordered field of rational numbers›
lift_definition positive :: "rat ==> bool" is"λx. 0 < fst x * snd x" proof clarsimp fix a b c d :: int assume"b ≠ 0"and"d ≠ 0"and"a * d = c * b" thenhave"a * d * b * d = c * b * b * d" by simp thenhave"a * b * d🪙2 = c * d * b🪙2" unfolding power2_eq_square by (simp add: ac_simps) thenhave"0 < a * b * d🪙2 ⟷ 0 < c * d * b🪙2" by simp thenshow"0 < a * b ⟷ 0 < c * d" using‹b ≠ 0›and‹d ≠ 0› by (simp add: zero_less_mult_iff) qed
lemma positive_zero: "¬ positive 0" by transfer simp
lemma positive_add: "positive x ==> positive y ==> positive (x + y)" apply transfer by (metis add_neg_neg fst_eqD mult_less_0_iff pos_add_strict snd_eqD zero_less_mult_iff)
lemma positive_mult: "positive x ==> positive y ==> positive (x * y)" apply transfer by (metis mult_less_0_iff split_pairs zero_less_mult_iff)
lemma positive_minus: "¬ positive x ==> x ≠ 0 ==> positive (- x)" by transfer (auto simp: neq_iff zero_less_mult_iff mult_less_0_iff)
instantiation rat :: linordered_field begin
definition"x < y ⟷ positive (y - x)"
definition"x ≤ y ⟷ x < y ∨ x = y"for x y :: rat
definition"∣a∣ = (if a < 0 then - a else a)"for a :: rat
definition"sgn a = (if a = 0 then 0 else if 0 < a then 1 else - 1)"for a :: rat
instance proof fix a b c :: rat show"∣a∣ = (if a < 0 then - a else a)" by (rule abs_rat_def) show"a < b ⟷ a ≤ b ∧¬ b ≤ a" unfolding less_eq_rat_def less_rat_def using positive_add positive_zero by force show"a ≤ a" unfolding less_eq_rat_def by simp show"a ≤ b ==> b ≤ c ==> a ≤ c" unfolding less_eq_rat_def less_rat_def using positive_add by fastforce show"a ≤ b ==> b ≤ a ==> a = b" unfolding less_eq_rat_def less_rat_def using positive_add positive_zero by fastforce show"a ≤ b ==> c + a ≤ c + b" unfolding less_eq_rat_def less_rat_def by auto show"sgn a = (if a = 0 then 0 else if 0 < a then 1 else - 1)" by (rule sgn_rat_def) show"a ≤ b ∨ b ≤ a" unfolding less_eq_rat_def less_rat_def by (auto dest!: positive_minus) show"a < b ==> 0 < c ==> c * a < c * b" unfolding less_rat_def by (metis diff_zero positive_mult right_diff_distrib') qed
end
instantiation rat :: distrib_lattice begin
definition"(inf :: rat ==> rat ==> rat) = min"
definition"(sup :: rat ==> rat ==> rat) = max"
instance by standard (auto simp add: inf_rat_def sup_rat_def max_min_distrib2)
end
lemma positive_rat: "positive (Fract a b) ⟷ 0 < a * b" by transfer simp
lemma less_rat [simp]: "b ≠ 0 ==> d ≠ 0 ==> Fract a b < Fract c d ⟷ (a * d) * (b * d) < (c * b) * (b * d)" by (simp add: less_rat_def positive_rat algebra_simps)
lemma le_rat [simp]: "b ≠ 0 ==> d ≠ 0 ==> Fract a b ≤ Fract c d ⟷ (a * d) * (b * d) ≤ (c * b) * (b * d)" by (simp add: le_less eq_rat)
lemma sgn_rat [simp, code]: "sgn (Fract a b) = of_int (sgn a * sgn b)" unfolding Fract_of_int_eq by (auto simp: zsgn_def sgn_rat_def Zero_rat_def eq_rat)
(auto simp: rat_number_collapse not_less le_less zero_less_mult_iff)
lemma Rat_induct_pos [case_names Fract, induct type: rat]: assumes step: "∧a b. 0 < b ==> P (Fract a b)" shows"P q" proof (cases q) case (Fract a b) have step': "P (Fract a b)"if b: "b < 0"for a b :: int proof - from b have"0 < - b" by simp thenhave"P (Fract (- a) (- b))" by (rule step) thenshow"P (Fract a b)" by (simp add: order_less_imp_not_eq [OF b]) qed from Fract show"P q" by (auto simp add: linorder_neq_iff step step') qed
lemma zero_less_Fract_iff: "0 < b ==> 0 < Fract a b ⟷ 0 < a" by (simp add: Zero_rat_def zero_less_mult_iff)
lemma Fract_less_zero_iff: "0 < b ==> Fract a b < 0 ⟷ a < 0" by (simp add: Zero_rat_def mult_less_0_iff)
lemma zero_le_Fract_iff: "0 < b ==> 0 ≤ Fract a b ⟷ 0 ≤ a" by (simp add: Zero_rat_def zero_le_mult_iff)
lemma Fract_le_zero_iff: "0 < b ==> Fract a b ≤ 0 ⟷ a ≤ 0" by (simp add: Zero_rat_def mult_le_0_iff)
lemma one_less_Fract_iff: "0 < b ==> 1 < Fract a b ⟷ b < a" by (simp add: One_rat_def mult_less_cancel_right_disj)
lemma Fract_less_one_iff: "0 < b ==> Fract a b < 1 ⟷ a < b" by (simp add: One_rat_def mult_less_cancel_right_disj)
lemma one_le_Fract_iff: "0 < b ==> 1 ≤ Fract a b ⟷ b ≤ a" by (simp add: One_rat_def mult_le_cancel_right)
lemma Fract_le_one_iff: "0 < b ==> Fract a b ≤ 1 ⟷ a ≤ b" by (simp add: One_rat_def mult_le_cancel_right)
subsubsection ‹Rationals are an Archimedean field›
lemma rat_floor_lemma: "of_int (a div b) ≤ Fract a b ∧ Fract a b < of_int (a div b + 1)" proof - have"Fract a b = of_int (a div b) + Fract (a mod b) b" by (cases "b = 0") (simp, simp add: of_int_rat) moreoverhave"0 ≤ Fract (a mod b) b ∧ Fract (a mod b) b < 1" unfolding Fract_of_int_quotient by (rule linorder_cases [of b 0]) (simp_all add: divide_nonpos_neg) ultimatelyshow ?thesis by simp qed
instance rat :: archimedean_field proof show"∃z. r ≤ of_int z"for r :: rat proof (induct r) case (Fract a b) have"Fract a b ≤ of_int (a div b + 1)" using rat_floor_lemma [of a b] by simp thenshow"∃z. Fract a b ≤ of_int z" .. qed qed
instantiation rat :: floor_ceiling begin
definition floor_rat :: "rat ==> int" where"⌊x⌋ = (THE z. of_int z ≤ x ∧ x < of_int (z + 1))"for x :: rat
instance proof show"of_int ⌊x⌋≤ x ∧ x < of_int (⌊x⌋ + 1)"for x :: rat unfolding floor_rat_def using floor_exists1 by (rule theI') qed
end
lemma floor_Fract [simp]: "⌊Fract a b⌋ = a div b" by (simp add: Fract_of_int_quotient floor_divide_of_int_eq)
subsection‹Linear arithmetic setup›
declaration‹ K (Lin_Arith.add_inj_thms @{thms of_int_le_iff [THEN iffD2] of_int_eq_iff [THEN iffD2]} (* not needed because x < (y::int) can be rewritten as x + 1 <= y: of_int_less_iff RS iffD2 *)
#> Lin_Arith.add_inj_const (🍋‹of_nat›, 🍋‹nat ==> rat›)
#> Lin_Arith.add_inj_const (🍋‹of_int›, 🍋‹int ==> rat›)) ›
subsection‹Embedding from Rationals to other Fields›
lemma of_rat_diff: "of_rat (a - b) = of_rat a - of_rat b" using of_rat_add [of a "- b"] by (simp add: of_rat_minus)
lemma of_rat_mult: "of_rat (a * b) = of_rat a * of_rat b" by transfer (simp add: divide_inverse nonzero_inverse_mult_distrib ac_simps)
lemma of_rat_sum: "of_rat (∑a∈A. f a) = (∑a∈A. of_rat (f a))" by (induct rule: infinite_finite_induct) (auto simp: of_rat_add)
lemma of_rat_prod: "of_rat (∏a∈A. f a) = (∏a∈A. of_rat (f a))" by (induct rule: infinite_finite_induct) (auto simp: of_rat_mult)
lemma nonzero_of_rat_inverse: "a ≠ 0 ==> of_rat (inverse a) = inverse (of_rat a)" by (rule inverse_unique [symmetric]) (simp add: of_rat_mult [symmetric])
lemma of_rat_inverse: "(of_rat (inverse a) :: 'a::field_char_0) = inverse (of_rat a)" by (cases "a = 0") (simp_all add: nonzero_of_rat_inverse)
lemma nonzero_of_rat_divide: "b ≠ 0 ==> of_rat (a / b) = of_rat a / of_rat b" by (simp add: divide_inverse of_rat_mult nonzero_of_rat_inverse)
lemma of_rat_divide: "(of_rat (a / b) :: 'a::field_char_0) = of_rat a / of_rat b" by (cases "b = 0") (simp_all add: nonzero_of_rat_divide)
lemma of_rat_power: "(of_rat (a ^ n) :: 'a::field_char_0) = of_rat a ^ n" by (induct n) (simp_all add: of_rat_mult)
lemma of_rat_eq_iff [simp]: "of_rat a = of_rat b ⟷ a = b" apply transfer apply (simp add: nonzero_divide_eq_eq nonzero_eq_divide_eq flip: of_int_mult) done
lemma of_rat_eq_0_iff [simp]: "of_rat a = 0 ⟷ a = 0" using of_rat_eq_iff [of _ 0] by simp
lemma zero_eq_of_rat_iff [simp]: "0 = of_rat a ⟷ 0 = a" by simp
lemma of_rat_eq_1_iff [simp]: "of_rat a = 1 ⟷ a = 1" using of_rat_eq_iff [of _ 1] by simp
lemma one_eq_of_rat_iff [simp]: "1 = of_rat a ⟷ 1 = a" by simp
lemma of_rat_less: "(of_rat r :: 'a::linordered_field) < of_rat s ⟷ r < s" proof (induct r, induct s) fix a b c d :: int assume not_zero: "b > 0""d > 0" thenhave"b * d > 0"by simp have of_int_divide_less_eq: "(of_int a :: 'a) / of_int b < of_int c / of_int d ⟷ (of_int a :: 'a) * of_int d < of_int c * of_int b" using not_zero by (simp add: pos_less_divide_eq pos_divide_less_eq) show"(of_rat (Fract a b) :: 'a::linordered_field) < of_rat (Fract c d) ⟷ Fract a b < Fract c d" using not_zero ‹b * d > 0› by (simp add: of_rat_rat of_int_divide_less_eq of_int_mult [symmetric] del: of_int_mult) qed
lemma of_rat_less_eq: "(of_rat r :: 'a::linordered_field) ≤ of_rat s ⟷ r ≤ s" unfolding le_less by (auto simp add: of_rat_less)
lemma of_rat_le_0_iff [simp]: "(of_rat r :: 'a::linordered_field) ≤ 0 ⟷ r ≤ 0" using of_rat_less_eq [of r 0, where 'a = 'a] by simp
lemma zero_le_of_rat_iff [simp]: "0 ≤ (of_rat r :: 'a::linordered_field) ⟷ 0 ≤ r" using of_rat_less_eq [of 0 r, where 'a = 'a] by simp
lemma of_rat_le_1_iff [simp]: "(of_rat r :: 'a::linordered_field) ≤ 1 ⟷ r ≤ 1" using of_rat_less_eq [of r 1] by simp
lemma one_le_of_rat_iff [simp]: "1 ≤ (of_rat r :: 'a::linordered_field) ⟷ 1 ≤ r" using of_rat_less_eq [of 1 r] by simp
lemma of_rat_less_0_iff [simp]: "(of_rat r :: 'a::linordered_field) < 0 ⟷ r < 0" using of_rat_less [of r 0, where 'a = 'a] by simp
lemma zero_less_of_rat_iff [simp]: "0 < (of_rat r :: 'a::linordered_field) ⟷ 0 < r" using of_rat_less [of 0 r, where 'a = 'a] by simp
lemma of_rat_less_1_iff [simp]: "(of_rat r :: 'a::linordered_field) < 1 ⟷ r < 1" using of_rat_less [of r 1] by simp
lemma one_less_of_rat_iff [simp]: "1 < (of_rat r :: 'a::linordered_field) ⟷ 1 < r" using of_rat_less [of 1 r] by simp
lemma of_rat_eq_id [simp]: "of_rat = id" proof show"of_rat a = id a"for a by (induct a) (simp add: of_rat_rat Fract_of_int_eq [symmetric]) qed
definition Rats :: "'a set" (‹ℚ›) where"ℚ = range of_rat"
end
lemma Rats_cases [cases set: Rats]: assumes"q ∈ℚ" obtains (of_rat) r where"q = of_rat r" proof - from‹q ∈ℚ›have"q ∈ range of_rat" by (simp only: Rats_def) thenobtain r where"q = of_rat r" .. thenshow thesis .. qed
lemma Rats_cases': assumes"(x :: 'a :: field_char_0) ∈ℚ" obtains a b where"b > 0""coprime a b""x = of_int a / of_int b" proof - from assms obtain r where"x = of_rat r" by (auto simp: Rats_def) obtain a b where quot: "quotient_of r = (a,b)"by force have"b > 0"using quotient_of_denom_pos[OF quot] . moreoverhave"coprime a b"using quotient_of_coprime[OF quot] . moreoverhave"x = of_int a / of_int b"unfolding‹x = of_rat r›
quotient_of_div[OF quot] by (simp add: of_rat_divide) ultimatelyshow ?thesis using that by blast qed
lemma Rats_of_rat [simp]: "of_rat r ∈ℚ" by (simp add: Rats_def)
lemma Rats_of_int [simp]: "of_int z ∈ℚ" by (subst of_rat_of_int_eq [symmetric]) (rule Rats_of_rat)
lemma Ints_subset_Rats: "ℤ⊆ℚ" using Ints_cases Rats_of_int by blast
lemma Rats_of_nat [simp]: "of_nat n ∈ℚ" by (subst of_rat_of_nat_eq [symmetric]) (rule Rats_of_rat)
lemma Nats_subset_Rats: "ℕ⊆ℚ" using Ints_subset_Rats Nats_subset_Ints by blast
lemma Rats_number_of [simp]: "numeral w ∈ℚ" by (subst of_rat_numeral_eq [symmetric]) (rule Rats_of_rat)
lemma Rats_add_iff: "a ∈ℚ∨ b ∈ℚ==> a+b ∈ℚ⟷ a ∈ℚ∧ b ∈ℚ" by (metis Rats_add Rats_diff add_diff_cancel add_diff_cancel_left')
lemma Rats_diff_iff: "a ∈ℚ∨ b ∈ℚ==> a-b ∈ℚ⟷ a ∈ℚ∧ b ∈ℚ" by (metis Rats_add_iff diff_add_cancel)
lemma Rats_mult_iff: "a ∈ℚ-{0} ∨ b ∈ℚ-{0} ==> a*b ∈ℚ⟷ a ∈ℚ∧ b ∈ℚ" by (metis Diff_iff Rats_divide Rats_mult insertI1 mult.commute nonzero_divide_eq_eq)
lemma Rats_inverse_iff [simp]: "inverse a ∈ℚ⟷ a ∈ℚ" using Rats_inverse by force
lemma Rats_divide_iff: "a ∈ℚ-{0} ∨ b ∈ℚ-{0} ==> a/b ∈ℚ⟷ a ∈ℚ∧ b ∈ℚ" by (metis Rats_divide Rats_mult_iff divide_eq_0_iff divide_inverse nonzero_mult_div_cancel_right)
subsection‹Implementation of rational numbers as pairs of integers›
text‹Formal constructor›
definition Frct :: "int × int ==> rat" where [simp]: "Frct p = Fract (fst p) (snd p)"
lemma rat_plus_code [code abstract]: "quotient_of (p + q) = (let (a, c) = quotient_of p; (b, d) = quotient_of q in normalize (a * d + b * c, c * d))" by (cases p, cases q) (simp add: quotient_of_Fract)
lemma rat_uminus_code [code abstract]: "quotient_of (- p) = (let (a, b) = quotient_of p in (- a, b))" by (cases p) (simp add: quotient_of_Fract)
lemma rat_minus_code [code abstract]: "quotient_of (p - q) = (let (a, c) = quotient_of p; (b, d) = quotient_of q in normalize (a * d - b * c, c * d))" by (cases p, cases q) (simp add: quotient_of_Fract)
lemma rat_times_code [code abstract]: "quotient_of (p * q) = (let (a, c) = quotient_of p; (b, d) = quotient_of q in normalize (a * b, c * d))" by (cases p, cases q) (simp add: quotient_of_Fract)
lemma rat_inverse_code [code abstract]: "quotient_of (inverse p) = (let (a, b) = quotient_of p in if a = 0 then (0, 1) else (sgn a * b, ∣a∣))" proof (cases p) case (Fract a b) thenshow ?thesis by (cases "0::int" a rule: linorder_cases) (simp_all add: quotient_of_Fract ac_simps) qed
lemma rat_divide_code [code abstract]: "quotient_of (p / q) = (let (a, c) = quotient_of p; (b, d) = quotient_of q in normalize (a * d, c * b))" by (cases p, cases q) (simp add: quotient_of_Fract)
lemma rat_abs_code [code abstract]: "quotient_of ∣p∣ = (let (a, b) = quotient_of p in (∣a∣, b))" by (cases p) (simp add: quotient_of_Fract)
lemma rat_sgn_code [code abstract]: "quotient_of (sgn p) = (sgn (fst (quotient_of p)), 1)" proof (cases p) case (Fract a b) thenshow ?thesis by (cases "0::int" a rule: linorder_cases) (simp_all add: quotient_of_Fract) qed
lemma rat_floor_code [code]: "⌊p⌋ = (let (a, b) = quotient_of p in a div b)" by (cases p) (simp add: quotient_of_Fract floor_Fract)
instantiation rat :: equal begin
definition [code]: "HOL.equal a b ⟷ quotient_of a = quotient_of b"
instance by standard (simp add: equal_rat_def quotient_of_inject_eq)
lemma rat_eq_refl [code nbe]: "HOL.equal (r::rat) r ⟷ True" by (rule equal_refl)
end
lemma rat_less_eq_code [code]: "p ≤ q ⟷ (let (a, c) = quotient_of p; (b, d) = quotient_of q in a * d ≤ c * b)" by (cases p, cases q) (simp add: quotient_of_Fract mult.commute)
lemma rat_less_code [code]: "p < q ⟷ (let (a, c) = quotient_of p; (b, d) = quotient_of q in a * d < c * b)" by (cases p, cases q) (simp add: quotient_of_Fract mult.commute)
lemma [code]: "of_rat p = (let (a, b) = quotient_of p in of_int a / of_int b)" by (cases p) (simp add: quotient_of_Fract of_rat_rat)
text‹Quickcheck›
context includes term_syntax begin
definition
valterm_fract :: "int × (unit ==> Code_Evaluation.term) ==> int × (unit ==> Code_Evaluation.term) ==> rat × (unit ==> Code_Evaluation.term)" where [code_unfold]: "valterm_fract k l = Code_Evaluation.valtermify Fract {⋅} k {⋅} l"
end
instantiation rat :: random begin
context includes state_combinator_syntax begin
definition "Quickcheck_Random.random i = Quickcheck_Random.random i ∘→ (λnum. Random.range i ∘→ (λdenom. Pair (let j = int_of_integer (integer_of_natural (denom + 1)) in valterm_fract num (j, λu. Code_Evaluation.term_of j))))"
instance ..
end
end
instantiation rat :: exhaustive begin
definition "exhaustive_rat f d = Quickcheck_Exhaustive.exhaustive (λl. Quickcheck_Exhaustive.exhaustive (λk. f (Fract k (int_of_integer (integer_of_natural l) + 1))) d) d"
instance ..
end
instantiation rat :: full_exhaustive begin
definition "full_exhaustive_rat f d = Quickcheck_Exhaustive.full_exhaustive (λ(l, _). Quickcheck_Exhaustive.full_exhaustive (λk. f (let j = int_of_integer (integer_of_natural l) + 1 in valterm_fract k (j, λ_. Code_Evaluation.term_of j))) d) d"
parse_translation‹ let fun mk_frac str = let val {mant = i, exp = n} = Lexicon.read_float str; val exp = Syntax.const 🍋‹Power.power›;
val ten = Numeral.mk_number_syntax 10;
val exp10 = if n = 1 then ten else exp $ ten $ Numeral.mk_number_syntax n; inSyntax.const 🍋‹Fields.inverse_divide› $ Numeral.mk_number_syntax i $ exp10 end;
fun float_tr [(c as Const (🍋‹_constrain›, _)) $ t $ u] = c $ float_tr [t] $ u
| float_tr [t as Const (str, _)] = mk_frac str
| float_tr ts = raise TERM ("float_tr", ts); in [(🍋‹_Float›, K float_tr)] end ›
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