(* Title: HOL/Library/Multiset_Order.thy Author: Dmitriy Traytel, TU Muenchen Author: Jasmin Blanchette, Inria, LORIA, MPII Author: Martin Desharnais, MPI-INF Saarbruecken
*)
section‹More Theorems about the Multiset Order›
theory Multiset_Order imports Multiset begin
subsection‹Alternative Characterizations›
subsubsection ‹The Dershowitz--Manna Ordering›
definition multp🚫D🚫M where "multp\<^sub>D\<^sub>M r M N \
(∃X Y. X ≠ {#} ∧ X ⊆# N ∧ M = (N - X) + Y ∧ (∀k. k ∈# Y ⟶ (∃a. a ∈# X ∧ r k a)))"
lemma multp🚫D🚫M_imp_multp: "multp\<^sub>D\<^sub>M r M N \ multp r M N" proof - assume"multp\<^sub>D\<^sub>M r M N" thenobtain X Y where "X \ {#}"and"X \# N"and"M = N - X + Y"and"\k. k \# Y \ (\a. a \# X \ r k a)" unfolding multp🚫D🚫M_def by blast thenhave"multp r (N - X + Y) (N - X + X)" by (intro one_step_implies_multp) (auto simp: Bex_def trans_def) with‹M = N - X + Y›‹X ⊆# N›show"multp r M N" by (metis subset_mset.diff_add) qed
subsubsection ‹The Huet--Oppen Ordering›
definition multp🚫H🚫O where "multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O r M N \ M \ N \ (\y. count N y < count M y \ (\x. r y x \ count M x < count N x))"
lemma multp_imp_multp🚫H🚫O: assumes"asymp r"and"transp r" shows"multp r M N \ multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O r M N" unfolding multp_def mult_def proof (induction rule: trancl_induct) case (base P) thenshow ?case using‹asymp r› by (auto elim!: mult1_lessE simp: count_eq_zero_iff multp🚫H🚫O_def split: if_splits
dest!: Suc_lessD) next case (step N P) from step(3) have"M \ N"and
**: "\y. count N y < count M y \ (\x. r y x \ count M x < count N x)" by (simp_all add: multp🚫H🚫O_def) from step(2) obtain M0 a K where
*: "P = add_mset a M0""N = M0 + K""a \# K""\b. b \# K \ r b a" using‹asymp r›by (auto elim: mult1_lessE) from‹M ≠ N› ** *(1,2,3) have"M \ P" using *(4) ‹asymp r› by (metis asympD add_cancel_right_right add_diff_cancel_left' add_mset_add_single count_inI
count_union diff_diff_add_mset diff_single_trivial in_diff_count multi_member_last) moreover have count_a: "\z. r a z \ count M z < count P z"if"count P a \ count M a" proof - from‹a ∉# K›and that have"count N a < count M a" unfolding *(1,2) by (auto simp add: not_in_iff) with ** obtain z where z: "r a z""count M z < count N z" by blast with * have"count N z \ count P z" using‹asymp r› by (metis add_diff_cancel_left' add_mset_add_single asympD diff_diff_add_mset
diff_single_trivial in_diff_count not_le_imp_less) with z show ?thesis by auto qed have"\x. r y x \ count M x < count P x"if count_y: "count P y < count M y"for y proof (cases "y = a") case True with count_y count_a show ?thesis by auto next case False show ?thesis proof (cases "y \# K") case True with *(4) have"r y a"by simp thenshow ?thesis by (cases "count P a \ count M a") (auto dest: count_a intro: ‹transp r›[THEN transpD]) next case False with‹y ≠ a›have"count P y = count N y"unfolding *(1,2) by (simp add: not_in_iff) with count_y ** obtain z where z: "r y z""count M z < count N z"by auto show ?thesis proof (cases "z \# K") case True with *(4) have"r z a"by simp with z(1) show ?thesis by (cases "count P a \ count M a") (auto dest!: count_a intro: ‹transp r›[THEN transpD]) next case False with‹a ∉# K›have"count N z \ count P z"unfolding * by (auto simp add: not_in_iff) with z show ?thesis by auto qed qed qed ultimatelyshow ?caseunfolding multp🚫H🚫O_def by blast qed
lemma multp🚫H🚫O_imp_multp🚫D🚫M: "multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O r M N \ multp\<^sub>D\<^sub>M r M N" unfolding multp🚫D🚫M_def proof (intro iffI exI conjI) assume"multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O r M N" thenobtain z where z: "count M z < count N z" unfolding multp🚫H🚫O_def by (auto simp: multiset_eq_iff nat_neq_iff)
define X where"X = N - M"
define Y where"Y = M - N" from z show"X \ {#}"unfolding X_def by (auto simp: multiset_eq_iff not_less_eq_eq Suc_le_eq) from z show"X \# N"unfolding X_def by auto show"M = (N - X) + Y"unfolding X_def Y_def multiset_eq_iff count_union count_diff by force show"\k. k \# Y \ (\a. a \# X \ r k a)" proof (intro allI impI) fix k assume"k \# Y" thenhave"count N k < count M k"unfolding Y_def by (auto simp add: in_diff_count) with‹multp🚫H🚫O r M N›obtain a where"r k a"and"count M a < count N a" unfolding multp🚫H🚫O_def by blast thenshow"\a. a \# X \ r k a"unfolding X_def by (auto simp add: in_diff_count) qed qed
lemma multp_eq_multp🚫D🚫M: "asymp r \ transp r \ multp r = multp\<^sub>D\<^sub>M r" using multp🚫D🚫M_imp_multp multp_imp_multp🚫H🚫O[THEN multp🚫H🚫O_imp_multp🚫D🚫M] by blast
lemma multp_eq_multp🚫H🚫O: "asymp r \ transp r \ multp r = multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O r" using multp🚫H🚫O_imp_multp🚫D🚫M[THEN multp🚫D🚫M_imp_multp] multp_imp_multp🚫H🚫O by blast
lemma multp🚫D🚫M_plus_plusI[simp]: assumes"multp\<^sub>D\<^sub>M R M1 M2" shows"multp\<^sub>D\<^sub>M R (M + M1) (M + M2)" proof - from assms obtain X Y where "X \ {#}"and"X \# M2"and"M1 = M2 - X + Y"and"\k. k \# Y \ (\a. a \# X \ R k a)" unfolding multp🚫D🚫M_def by auto
show"multp\<^sub>D\<^sub>M R (M + M1) (M + M2)" unfolding multp🚫D🚫M_def proof (intro exI conjI) show"X \ {#}" using‹X ≠ {#}›by simp next show"X \# M + M2" using‹X ⊆# M2› by (simp add: subset_mset.add_increasing) next show"M + M1 = M + M2 - X + Y" using‹X ⊆# M2›‹M1 = M2 - X + Y› by (metis multiset_diff_union_assoc union_assoc) next show"\k. k \# Y \ (\a. a \# X \ R k a)" using‹∀k. k ∈# Y ⟶ (∃a. a ∈# X ∧ R k a)›by simp qed qed
lemma multp🚫H🚫O_plus_plus[simp]: "multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O R (M + M1) (M + M2) \ multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O R M1 M2" unfolding multp🚫H🚫O_def by simp
lemma strict_subset_implies_multp🚫D🚫M: "A \# B \ multp\<^sub>D\<^sub>M r A B" unfolding multp🚫D🚫M_def by (metis add.right_neutral add_diff_cancel_right' empty_iff mset_subset_eq_add_right
set_mset_empty subset_mset.lessE)
lemma strict_subset_implies_multp🚫H🚫O: "A \# B \ multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O r A B" unfolding multp🚫H🚫O_def by (simp add: leD mset_subset_eq_count)
lemma multp🚫H🚫O_implies_one_step_strong: assumes"multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O R A B" defines"J \ B - A"and"K \ A - B" shows"J \ {#}"and"\k \# K. \x \# J. R k x" proof - show"J \ {#}" using‹multp🚫H🚫O R A B› by (metis Diff_eq_empty_iff_mset J_def add.right_neutral multp🚫D🚫M_def multp🚫H🚫O_imp_multp🚫D🚫M
multp🚫H🚫O_plus_plus subset_mset.add_diff_inverse subset_mset.le_zero_eq)
show"\k\#K. \x\#J. R k x" using‹multp🚫H🚫O R A B› by (metis J_def K_def in_diff_count multp🚫H🚫O_def) qed
lemma multp🚫H🚫O_minus_inter_minus_inter_iff: fixes M1 M2 :: "_ multiset" shows"multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O R (M1 - M2) (M2 - M1) \ multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O R M1 M2" by (metis diff_intersect_left_idem multiset_inter_commute multp🚫H🚫O_plus_plus
subset_mset.add_diff_inverse subset_mset.inf.cobounded1)
lemma multp🚫H🚫O_iff_set_mset_less🚫H🚫O_set_mset: "multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O R M1 M2 \ (set_mset (M1 - M2) \ set_mset (M2 - M1) \
(∀y ∈# M1 - M2. (∃x ∈# M2 - M1. R y x)))" unfolding multp🚫H🚫O_minus_inter_minus_inter_iff[of R M1 M2, symmetric] unfolding multp🚫H🚫O_def unfolding count_minus_inter_lt_count_minus_inter_iff unfolding minus_inter_eq_minus_inter_iff by auto
subsubsection ‹Monotonicity›
lemma multp🚫D🚫M_mono_strong: "multp\<^sub>D\<^sub>M R M1 M2 \ (\x y. x \# M1 \ y \# M2 \ R x y \ S x y) \ multp\<^sub>D\<^sub>M S M1 M2" unfolding multp🚫D🚫M_def by (metis add_diff_cancel_left' in_diffD subset_mset.diff_add)
lemma multp🚫H🚫O_mono_strong: "multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O R M1 M2 \ (\x y. x \# M1 \ y \# M2 \ R x y \ S x y) \ multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O S M1 M2" unfolding multp🚫H🚫O_def by (metis count_inI less_zeroE)
subsubsection ‹Properties of Orders›
paragraph ‹Asymmetry›
text‹The following lemmais a negative result stating that asymmetry of an arbitrary binary
relation cannot be simply lifted to @{const multp🚫H🚫O}. It suffices tohave four distinct values to
build a counterexample.›
lemma asymp_not_liftable_to_multp🚫H🚫O: fixes a b c d :: 'a assumes"distinct [a, b, c, d]" shows"\ (\(R :: 'a \ 'a \ bool). asymp R \ asymp (multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O R))" proof -
define R :: "'a \ 'a \ bool"where "R = (\x y. x = a \ y = c \ x = b \ y = d \ x = c \ y = b \ x = d \ y = a)"
from assms(1) have"{#a, b#} \ {#c, d#}" by (metis add_mset_add_single distinct.simps(2) list.set(1) list.simps(15) multi_member_this
set_mset_add_mset_insert set_mset_single)
from assms(1) have"asymp R" by (auto simp: R_def intro: asymp_onI) moreoverhave"\ asymp (multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O R)" unfolding asymp_on_def Set.ball_simps not_all not_imp not_not proof (intro exI conjI) show"multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O R {#a, b#} {#c, d#}" unfolding multp🚫H🚫O_def using‹{#a, b#} ≠ {#c, d#}› R_def assms by auto next show"multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O R {#c, d#} {#a, b#}" unfolding multp🚫H🚫O_def using‹{#a, b#} ≠ {#c, d#}› R_def assms by auto qed ultimatelyshow ?thesis unfolding not_all not_imp by auto qed
text‹However, if the binary relation is both asymmetric and transitive, then @{const multp🚫H🚫O} is also asymmetric.›
lemma asymp_on_multp🚫H🚫O: assumes"asymp_on A R"and"transp_on A R"and
B_sub_A: "\M. M \ B \ set_mset M \ A" shows"asymp_on B (multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O R)" proof (rule asymp_onI) fix M1 M2 :: "'a multiset" assume"M1 \ B""M2 \ B""multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O R M1 M2"
from‹transp_on A R› B_sub_A have tran: "transp_on (set_mset (M1 - M2)) R" using‹M1 ∈ B› by (meson in_diffD subset_eq transp_on_subset)
from‹asymp_on A R› B_sub_A have asym: "asymp_on (set_mset (M1 - M2)) R" using‹M1 ∈ B› by (meson in_diffD subset_eq asymp_on_subset)
show"\ multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O R M2 M1" proof (cases "M1 - M2 = {#}") case True thenshow ?thesis using multp🚫H🚫O_implies_one_step_strong(1) by metis next case False hence"\m\#M1 - M2. \x\#M1 - M2. x \ m \ \ R m x" using Finite_Set.bex_max_element[of "set_mset (M1 - M2)" R, OF finite_set_mset asym tran] by simp with‹transp_on A R› B_sub_A have"\y\#M2 - M1. \x\#M1 - M2. \ R y x" using‹multp🚫H🚫O R M1 M2›[THEN multp🚫H🚫O_implies_one_step_strong(2)] using asym[THEN irreflp_on_if_asymp_on, THEN irreflp_onD] by (metis ‹M1 ∈ B›‹M2 ∈ B› in_diffD subsetD transp_onD) thus ?thesis unfolding multp🚫H🚫O_iff_set_mset_less🚫H🚫O_set_mset by simp qed qed
lemma asymp_multp🚫H🚫O: assumes"asymp R"and"transp R" shows"asymp (multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O R)" using assms asymp_on_multp🚫H🚫O[of UNIV, simplified] by metis
paragraph ‹Irreflexivity›
lemma irreflp_on_multp🚫H🚫O[simp]: "irreflp_on B (multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O R)" by (simp add: irreflp_onI multp🚫H🚫O_def)
paragraph ‹Transitivity›
lemma transp_on_multp🚫H🚫O: assumes"asymp_on A R"and"transp_on A R"and B_sub_A: "\M. M \ B \ set_mset M \ A" shows"transp_on B (multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O R)" proof (rule transp_onI) from assms have"asymp_on B (multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O R)" using asymp_on_multp🚫H🚫O by metis
fix M1 M2 M3 assume hyps: "M1 \ B""M2 \ B""M3 \ B""multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O R M1 M2""multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O R M2 M3"
from assms have
[intro]: "asymp_on (set_mset M1 \ set_mset M2) R""transp_on (set_mset M1 \ set_mset M2) R" using‹M1 ∈ B›‹M2 ∈ B› by (simp_all add: asymp_on_subset transp_on_subset)
from assms have"transp_on (set_mset M1) R" by (meson transp_on_subset hyps(1))
from‹multp🚫H🚫O R M1 M2›have "M1 \ M2"and "\y. count M2 y < count M1 y \ (\x. R y x \ count M1 x < count M2 x)" unfolding multp🚫H🚫O_def by simp_all
from‹multp🚫H🚫O R M2 M3›have "M2 \ M3"and "\y. count M3 y < count M2 y \ (\x. R y x \ count M2 x < count M3 x)" unfolding multp🚫H🚫O_def by simp_all
show"multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O R M1 M3" proof (rule ccontr) let ?P = "\x. count M3 x < count M1 x \ (\y. R x y \ count M1 y \ count M3 y)"
assume"\ multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O R M1 M3" hence"M1 = M3 \ (\x. ?P x)" unfolding multp🚫H🚫O_def by force thus False proof (elim disjE) assume"M1 = M3" thus False using‹asymp_on B (multp🚫H🚫O R)›[THEN asymp_onD] using‹M2 ∈ B›‹M3 ∈ B›‹multp🚫H🚫O R M1 M2›‹multp🚫H🚫O R M2 M3› by metis next assume"\x. ?P x" hence"\x \# M1 + M2. ?P x" by (auto simp: count_inI) have"\y \# M1 + M2. ?P y \ (\z \# M1 + M2. R y z \ \ ?P z)" proof (rule Finite_Set.bex_max_element_with_property) show"\x \# M1 + M2. ?P x" using‹∃x. ?P x› by (auto simp: count_inI) qed auto thenobtain x where "x \# M1 + M2"and "count M3 x < count M1 x"and "\y. R x y \ count M1 y \ count M3 y"and "\y \# M1 + M2. R x y \ count M3 y < count M1 y \ (\z. R y z \ count M1 z < count M3 z)" by force
let ?Q = "\x'. R\<^sup>=\<^sup>= x x' \ count M3 x' < count M2 x'" show False proof (cases "\x'. ?Q x'") case True have"\y \# M1 + M2. ?Q y \ (\z \# M1 + M2. R y z \ \ ?Q z)" proof (rule Finite_Set.bex_max_element_with_property) show"\x \# M1 + M2. ?Q x" using‹∃x. ?Q x› by (auto simp: count_inI) qed auto thenobtain x' where "x' \# M1 + M2"and "R\<^sup>=\<^sup>= x x'"and "count M3 x' < count M2 x'"and
maximality_x': "\z \# M1 + M2. R x' z ⟶¬ (R🚫=🚫= x z) ∨ count M3 z ≥ count M2 z" by (auto simp: linorder_not_less) with‹multp🚫H🚫O R M2 M3›obtain y' where "R x' y'"and"count M2 y' < count M3 y'" unfolding multp🚫H🚫O_def by auto hence"count M2 y' < count M1 y'" by (smt (verit) ‹R🚫=🚫= x x'\ \\y. R x y \ count M3 y \ count M1 y\ ‹count M3 x < count M1 x›‹count M3 x' < count M2 x'› assms(2) count_inI
dual_order.strict_trans1 hyps(1) hyps(2) hyps(3) less_nat_zero_code B_sub_A subsetD
sup2E transp_onD) with‹multp🚫H🚫O R M1 M2›obtain y''where "R y' y''"and"count M1 y'' < count M2 y''" unfolding multp🚫H🚫O_def by auto hence"count M3 y'' < count M2 y''" by (smt (verit, del_insts) ‹R x' y'›‹R🚫=🚫= x x'\ \\y. R x y \ count M3 y \ count M1 y\ ‹count M2 y' < count M3 y'›‹count M3 x < count M1 x›‹count M3 x' < count M2 x'›
assms(2) count_greater_zero_iff dual_order.strict_trans1 hyps(1) hyps(2) hyps(3)
less_nat_zero_code linorder_not_less B_sub_A subset_iff sup2E transp_onD)
ultimatelyshow ?thesis using maximality_x'[rule_format, of y''] by metis qed
ultimatelyshow ?thesis by linarith next case False hence"\x'. R\<^sup>=\<^sup>= x x' \ count M2 x' \ count M3 x'" by auto hence"count M2 x \ count M3 x" by simp hence"count M2 x < count M1 x" using‹count M3 x < count M1 x›by linarith with‹multp🚫H🚫O R M1 M2›obtain y where "R x y"and"count M1 y < count M2 y" unfolding multp🚫H🚫O_def by auto hence"count M3 y < count M2 y" using‹∀y. R x y ⟶ count M3 y ≤ count M1 y› dual_order.strict_trans2 by metis thenshow ?thesis using False ‹R x y›by auto qed qed qed qed
lemma transp_multp🚫H🚫O: assumes"asymp R"and"transp R" shows"transp (multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O R)" using assms transp_on_multp🚫H🚫O[of UNIV, simplified] by metis
paragraph ‹Totality›
lemma totalp_on_multp🚫D🚫M: "totalp_on A R \ (\M. M \ B \ set_mset M \ A) \ totalp_on B (multp\<^sub>D\<^sub>M R)" by (smt (verit, ccfv_SIG) count_inI in_mono multp🚫H🚫O_def multp🚫H🚫O_imp_multp🚫D🚫M not_less_iff_gr_or_eq
totalp_onD totalp_onI)
lemma totalp_multp🚫D🚫M: "totalp R \ totalp (multp\<^sub>D\<^sub>M R)" by (rule totalp_on_multp🚫D🚫M[of UNIV R UNIV, simplified])
lemma totalp_on_multp🚫H🚫O: "totalp_on A R \ (\M. M \ B \ set_mset M \ A) \ totalp_on B (multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O R)" by (smt (verit, ccfv_SIG) count_inI in_mono multp🚫H🚫O_def not_less_iff_gr_or_eq totalp_onD
totalp_onI)
lemma totalp_multp🚫H🚫O: "totalp R \ totalp (multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O R)" by (rule totalp_on_multp🚫H🚫O[of UNIV R UNIV, simplified])
paragraph ‹Type Classes›
context preorder begin
lemma order_mult: "class.order
(λM N. (M, N) ∈ mult {(x, y). x < y} ∨ M = N)
(λM N. (M, N) ∈ mult {(x, y). x < y})"
(is"class.order ?le ?less") proof - have irrefl: "\M :: 'a multiset. \ ?less M M" proof fix M :: "'a multiset" have"trans {(x'::'a, x). x' < x}" by (rule transI) (blast intro: less_trans) moreover assume"(M, M) \ mult {(x, y). x < y}" ultimatelyhave"\I J K. M = I + J \ M = I + K ∧ J ≠ {#} ∧ (∀k∈set_mset K. ∃j∈set_mset J. (k, j) ∈ {(x, y). x < y})" by (rule mult_implies_one_step) thenobtain I J K where"M = I + J"and"M = I + K" and"J \ {#}"and"(\k\set_mset K. \j\set_mset J. (k, j) \ {(x, y). x < y})"by blast thenhave aux1: "K \ {#}"and aux2: "\k\set_mset K. \j\set_mset K. k < j"by auto have"finite (set_mset K)"by simp moreovernote aux2 ultimatelyhave"set_mset K = {}" by (induct rule: finite_induct)
(simp, metis (mono_tags) insert_absorb insert_iff insert_not_empty less_irrefl less_trans) with aux1 show False by simp qed have trans: "\K M N :: 'a multiset. ?less K M \ ?less M N \ ?less K N" unfolding mult_def by (blast intro: trancl_trans) show"class.order ?le ?less" by standard (auto simp add: less_eq_multiset_def irrefl dest: trans) qed
text‹The Dershowitz--Manna ordering:›
definition less_multiset🚫D🚫M where "less_multiset\<^sub>D\<^sub>M M N \
(∃X Y. X ≠ {#} ∧ X ⊆# N ∧ M = (N - X) + Y ∧ (∀k. k ∈# Y ⟶ (∃a. a ∈# X ∧ k < a)))"
text‹The Huet--Oppen ordering:›
definition less_multiset🚫H🚫O where "less_multiset\<^sub>H\<^sub>O M N \ M \ N \ (\y. count N y < count M y \ (\x. y < x \ count M x < count N x))"
lemma mult_imp_less_multiset🚫H🚫O: "(M, N) \ mult {(x, y). x < y} \ less_multiset\<^sub>H\<^sub>O M N" unfolding multp_def[of "(<)", symmetric] using multp_imp_multp🚫H🚫O[of "(<)"] by (simp add: less_multiset🚫H🚫O_def multp🚫H🚫O_def)
lemma less_multiset🚫D🚫M_imp_mult: "less_multiset\<^sub>D\<^sub>M M N \ (M, N) \ mult {(x, y). x < y}" unfolding multp_def[of "(<)", symmetric] by (rule multp🚫D🚫M_imp_multp[of "(<)" M N]) (simp add: less_multiset🚫D🚫M_def multp🚫D🚫M_def)
lemma less_multiset🚫H🚫O_imp_less_multiset🚫D🚫M: "less_multiset\<^sub>H\<^sub>O M N \ less_multiset\<^sub>D\<^sub>M M N" unfolding less_multiset🚫D🚫M_def less_multiset🚫H🚫O_def unfolding multp🚫D🚫M_def[symmetric] multp🚫H🚫O_def[symmetric] by (rule multp🚫H🚫O_imp_multp🚫D🚫M)
lemma mult_less_multiset🚫D🚫M: "(M, N) \ mult {(x, y). x < y} \ less_multiset\<^sub>D\<^sub>M M N" unfolding multp_def[of "(<)", symmetric] using multp_eq_multp🚫D🚫M[of "(<)", simplified] by (simp add: multp🚫D🚫M_def less_multiset🚫D🚫M_def)
lemma mult_less_multiset🚫H🚫O: "(M, N) \ mult {(x, y). x < y} \ less_multiset\<^sub>H\<^sub>O M N" unfolding multp_def[of "(<)", symmetric] using multp_eq_multp🚫H🚫O[of "(<)", simplified] by (simp add: multp🚫H🚫O_def less_multiset🚫H🚫O_def)
lemma less_multiset_less_multiset🚫H🚫O: "M < N \ less_multiset\<^sub>H\<^sub>O M N" unfolding less_multiset_def multp_def mult🚫H🚫O less_multiset🚫H🚫O_def ..
lemma less_multiset🚫D🚫M: "M < N \ (\X Y. X \ {#} \ X \# N \ M = N - X + Y \ (\k. k \# Y \ (\a. a \# X \ k < a)))" by (rule mult🚫D🚫M[folded multp_def less_multiset_def])
lemma less_multiset🚫H🚫O: "M < N \ M \ N \ (\y. count N y < count M y \ (\x>y. count M x < count N x))" by (rule mult🚫H🚫O[folded multp_def less_multiset_def])
lemma subset_eq_imp_le_multiset: shows"M \# N \ M \ N" unfolding less_eq_multiset_def less_multiset🚫H🚫O by (simp add: less_le_not_le subseteq_mset_def)
(* FIXME: "le" should be "less" in this and other names *) lemma le_multiset_right_total: "M < add_mset x M" unfolding less_eq_multiset_def less_multiset🚫H🚫O by simp
lemma less_eq_multiset_empty_left[simp]: "{#} \ M" by (simp add: subset_eq_imp_le_multiset)
lemma ex_gt_imp_less_multiset: "(\y. y \# N \ (\x. x \# M \ x < y)) \ M < N" unfolding less_multiset🚫H🚫O by (metis count_eq_zero_iff count_greater_zero_iff less_le_not_le)
lemma less_eq_multiset_empty_right[simp]: "M \ {#} \ \ M \ {#}" by (metis less_eq_multiset_empty_left antisym)
(* FIXME: "le" should be "less" in this and other names *) lemma le_multiset_empty_left[simp]: "M \ {#} \ {#} < M" by (simp add: less_multiset🚫H🚫O)
(* FIXME: "le" should be "less" in this and other names *) lemma le_multiset_empty_right[simp]: "\ M < {#}" using subset_mset.le_zero_eq less_multiset_def multp_def less_multiset🚫D🚫M by blast
(* FIXME: "le" should be "less" in this and other names *) lemma union_le_diff_plus: "P \# M \ N < P \ M - P + N < M" by (drule subset_mset.diff_add[symmetric]) (metis union_le_mono2)
instantiation multiset :: (preorder) ordered_ab_semigroup_monoid_add_imp_le begin
lemma less_eq_multiset🚫H🚫O: "M \ N \ (\y. count N y < count M y \ (\x. y < x \ count M x < count N x))" by (auto simp: less_eq_multiset_def less_multiset🚫H🚫O)
instanceby standard (auto simp: less_eq_multiset🚫H🚫O)
lemma fixes M N :: "'a multiset" shows less_eq_multiset_plus_left: "N \ (M + N)" and less_eq_multiset_plus_right: "M \ (M + N)" by simp_all
lemma fixes M N :: "'a multiset" shows le_multiset_plus_left_nonempty: "M \ {#} \ N < M + N" and le_multiset_plus_right_nonempty: "N \ {#} \ M < M + N" by simp_all
end
lemma all_lt_Max_imp_lt_mset: "N \ {#} \ (\a \# M. a < Max (set_mset N)) \ M < N" by (meson Max_in[OF finite_set_mset] ex_gt_imp_less_multiset set_mset_eq_empty_iff)
lemma lt_imp_ex_count_lt: "M < N \ \y. count M y < count N y" by (meson less_eq_multiset🚫H🚫O less_le_not_le)
lemma subset_imp_less_mset: "A \# B \ A < B" by (simp add: order.not_eq_order_implies_strict subset_eq_imp_le_multiset)
lemma image_mset_strict_mono: assumes mono_f: "\x \ set_mset M. \y \ set_mset N. x < y \ f x < f y" and less: "M < N" shows"image_mset f M < image_mset f N" proof - obtain Y X where
y_nemp: "Y \ {#}"and y_sub_N: "Y \# N"and M_eq: "M = N - Y + X"and
ex_y: "\x. x \# X \ (\y. y \# Y \ x < y)" using less[unfolded less_multiset🚫D🚫M] by blast
have x_sub_M: "X \# M" using M_eq by simp
let ?fY = "image_mset f Y" let ?fX = "image_mset f X"
show ?thesis unfolding less_multiset🚫D🚫M proof (intro exI conjI) show"image_mset f M = image_mset f N - ?fY + ?fX" using M_eq[THEN arg_cong, of "image_mset f"] y_sub_N by (metis image_mset_Diff image_mset_union) next obtain y where y: "\x. x \# X \ y x \# Y \ x < y x" using ex_y by metis
show"\fx. fx \# ?fX \ (\fy. fy \# ?fY \ fx < fy)" proof (intro allI impI) fix fx assume"fx \# ?fX" thenobtain x where fx: "fx = f x"and x_in: "x \# X" by auto hence y_in: "y x \# Y"and y_gt: "x < y x" using y[rule_format, OF x_in] by blast+ hence"f (y x) \# ?fY \ f x < f (y x)" using mono_f y_sub_N x_sub_M x_in by (metis image_eqI in_image_mset mset_subset_eqD) thus"\fy. fy \# ?fY \ fx < fy" unfolding fx by auto qed qed (auto simp: y_nemp y_sub_N image_mset_subseteq_mono) qed
lemma image_mset_mono: assumes mono_f: "\x \ set_mset M. \y \ set_mset N. x < y \ f x < f y" and less: "M \ N" shows"image_mset f M \ image_mset f N" by (metis eq_iff image_mset_strict_mono less less_imp_le mono_f order.not_eq_order_implies_strict)
lemma mset_lt_single_right_iff[simp]: "M < {#y#} \ (\x \# M. x < y)"for y :: "'a::linorder" proof (rule iffI) assume M_lt_y: "M < {#y#}" show"\x \# M. x < y" proof fix x assume x_in: "x \# M" hence M: "M - {#x#} + {#x#} = M" by (meson insert_DiffM2) hence"\ {#x#} < {#y#} \ x < y" using x_in M_lt_y by (metis diff_single_eq_union le_multiset_empty_left less_add_same_cancel2 mset_le_trans) alsohave"\ {#y#} < M" using M_lt_y mset_le_not_sym by blast ultimatelyshow"x < y" by (metis (no_types) Max_ge all_lt_Max_imp_lt_mset empty_iff finite_set_mset insertE
less_le_trans linorder_less_linear mset_le_not_sym set_mset_add_mset_insert
set_mset_eq_empty_iff x_in) qed next assume y_max: "\x \# M. x < y" show"M < {#y#}" by (rule all_lt_Max_imp_lt_mset) (auto intro!: y_max) qed
lemma mset_le_single_right_iff[simp]: "M \ {#y#} \ M = {#y#} \ (\x \# M. x < y)"for y :: "'a::linorder" by (meson less_eq_multiset_def mset_lt_single_right_iff)
subsubsection ‹Simplifications›
lemma multp🚫H🚫O_repeat_mset_repeat_mset[simp]: assumes"n \ 0" shows"multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O R (repeat_mset n A) (repeat_mset n B) \ multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O R A B" proof (rule iffI) assume hyp: "multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O R (repeat_mset n A) (repeat_mset n B)" hence
1: "repeat_mset n A \ repeat_mset n B"and
2: "\y. n * count B y < n * count A y \ (\x. R y x \ n * count A x < n * count B x)" by (simp_all add: multp🚫H🚫O_def)
from 1 ‹n ≠ 0›have"A \ B" by auto
moreoverfrom 2 ‹n ≠ 0›have"\y. count B y < count A y \ (\x. R y x \ count A x < count B x)" by auto
ultimatelyshow"multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O R A B" by (simp add: multp🚫H🚫O_def) next assume"multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O R A B" hence 1: "A \ B"and 2: "\y. count B y < count A y \ (\x. R y x \ count A x < count B x)" by (simp_all add: multp🚫H🚫O_def)
from 1 have"repeat_mset n A \ repeat_mset n B" by (simp add: assms repeat_mset_cancel1)
moreoverfrom 2 have"\y. n * count B y < n * count A y \
(∃x. R y x ∧ n * count A x < n * count B x)" by auto
ultimatelyshow"multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O R (repeat_mset n A) (repeat_mset n B)" by (simp add: multp🚫H🚫O_def) qed
lemma multp🚫H🚫O_double_double[simp]: "multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O R (A + A) (B + B) \ multp\<^sub>H\<^sub>O R A B" using multp🚫H🚫O_repeat_mset_repeat_mset[of 2] by (simp add: numeral_Bit0)
subsection‹Simprocs›
lemma mset_le_add_iff1: "j \ (i::nat) \ (repeat_mset i u + m \ repeat_mset j u + n) = (repeat_mset (i-j) u + m \ n)" proof - assume"j \ i" thenhave"j + (i - j) = i" using le_add_diff_inverse by blast thenshow ?thesis by (metis (no_types) add_le_cancel_left left_add_mult_distrib_mset) qed
lemma mset_le_add_iff2: "i \ (j::nat) \ (repeat_mset i u + m \ repeat_mset j u + n) = (m \ repeat_mset (j-i) u + n)" proof - assume"i \ j" thenhave"i + (j - i) = j" using le_add_diff_inverse by blast thenshow ?thesis by (metis (no_types) add_le_cancel_left left_add_mult_distrib_mset) qed
simproc_setup msetless_cancel
("(l::'a::preorder multiset) + m < n" | "(l::'a multiset) < m + n" | "add_mset a m < n" | "m < add_mset a n" | "replicate_mset p a < n" | "m < replicate_mset p a" | "repeat_mset p m < n" | "m < repeat_mset p n") = ‹K Cancel_Simprocs.less_cancel›
simproc_setup msetle_cancel
("(l::'a::preorder multiset) + m \ n" | "(l::'a multiset) \ m + n" | "add_mset a m \ n" | "m \ add_mset a n" | "replicate_mset p a \ n" | "m \ replicate_mset p a" | "repeat_mset p m \ n" | "m \ repeat_mset p n") = ‹K Cancel_Simprocs.less_eq_cancel›
subsection‹Additional facts and instantiations›
lemma ex_gt_count_imp_le_multiset: "(\y :: 'a :: order. y \# M + N \ y \ x) \ count M x < count N x \ M < N" unfolding less_multiset🚫H🚫O by (metis count_greater_zero_iff le_imp_less_or_eq less_imp_not_less not_gr_zero union_iff)
lemma mset_lt_single_iff[iff]: "{#x#} < {#y#} \ x < y" unfolding less_multiset🚫H🚫O by simp
lemma mset_le_single_iff[iff]: "{#x#} \ {#y#} \ x \ y"for x y :: "'a::order" unfolding less_eq_multiset🚫H🚫O by force
instance multiset :: (linorder) linordered_cancel_ab_semigroup_add by standard (metis less_eq_multiset🚫H🚫O not_less_iff_gr_or_eq)
lemma less_eq_multiset_total: "\ M \ N \ N \ M"for M N :: "'a :: linorder multiset" by simp
instantiation multiset :: (wellorder) wellorder begin
lemma wf_less_multiset: "wf {(M :: 'a multiset, N). M < N}" unfolding less_multiset_def multp_def by (auto intro: wf_mult wf)
instance proof intro_classes fix P :: "'a multiset \ bool"and a :: "'a multiset" have"wfp ((<) :: 'a \ 'a \ bool)" using wfp_on_less . hence"wfp ((<) :: 'a multiset \ 'a multiset \ bool)" unfolding less_multiset_def by (rule wfp_multp) thus"(\x. (\y. y < x \ P y) \ P x) \ P a" unfolding wfp_on_def[of UNIV, simplified] by metis qed
end
instantiation multiset :: (preorder) order_bot begin
instance multiset :: (preorder) no_top proof standard fix x :: "'a multiset" obtain a :: 'a where True by simp have"x < x + (x + {#a#})" by simp thenshow"\y. x < y" by blast qed
instance multiset :: (preorder) ordered_cancel_comm_monoid_add by standard
instantiation multiset :: (linorder) distrib_lattice begin
definition inf_multiset :: "'a multiset \ 'a multiset \ 'a multiset"where "inf_multiset A B = (if A < B then A else B)"
definition sup_multiset :: "'a multiset \ 'a multiset \ 'a multiset"where "sup_multiset A B = (if B > A then B else A)"
instance by intro_classes (auto simp: inf_multiset_def sup_multiset_def)
end
lemma add_mset_lt_left_lt: "a < b \ add_mset a A < add_mset b A" by fastforce
lemma add_mset_le_left_le: "a \ b \ add_mset a A \ add_mset b A"for a :: "'a :: linorder" by fastforce
lemma add_mset_lt_right_lt: "A < B \ add_mset a A < add_mset a B" by fastforce
lemma add_mset_le_right_le: "A \ B \ add_mset a A \ add_mset a B" by fastforce
lemma add_mset_lt_lt_lt: assumes a_lt_b: "a < b"and A_le_B: "A < B" shows"add_mset a A < add_mset b B" by (rule less_trans[OF add_mset_lt_left_lt[OF a_lt_b] add_mset_lt_right_lt[OF A_le_B]])
lemma add_mset_lt_lt_le: "a < b \ A \ B \ add_mset a A < add_mset b B" using add_mset_lt_lt_lt le_neq_trans by fastforce
lemma add_mset_lt_le_lt: "a \ b \ A < B \ add_mset a A < add_mset b B"for a :: "'a :: linorder" using add_mset_lt_lt_lt by (metis add_mset_lt_right_lt le_less)
lemma add_mset_le_le_le: fixes a :: "'a :: linorder" assumes a_le_b: "a \ b"and A_le_B: "A \ B" shows"add_mset a A \ add_mset b B" by (rule order.trans[OF add_mset_le_left_le[OF a_le_b] add_mset_le_right_le[OF A_le_B]])
have max_n_in_n: "?max_N \# N" using n_nemp by simp have max_n_nin_m: "?max_N \# M" using max Max_ge leD by auto
have"M \ N" using max by auto moreover have"\x > y. count M x < count N x"if"count N y < count M y"for y proof - from that have"y \# M" by (simp add: count_inI) thenhave"?max_M \ y" by simp thenhave"?max_N > y" using max by auto thenshow ?thesis using max_n_nin_m max_n_in_n count_inI by force qed ultimatelyshow ?thesis unfolding less_multiset🚫H🚫O by blast qed (auto simp: n_nemp)
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