(* Title: HOL/HOLCF/Fixrec.thy
Author: Franz Regensburger
Author: Amber Telfer and Brian Huffman
*)
theory Fixrec
imports Cprod Sprod Ssum Up One Tr Cfun
keywords "fixrec" :: thy_defn
begin
section ‹ Fixed point operator and admissibility›
subsection ‹ Iteration›
primrec iterate :: "nat ==> ('a → 'a) → ('a → 'a)"
where
"iterate 0 = (Λ F x. x)"
| "iterate (Suc n) = (Λ F x. F⋅ (iterate n⋅ F⋅ x))"
text ‹ Derive inductive properties of iterate from primitive recursion›
lemma iterate_0 [simp]: "iterate 0⋅ F⋅ x = x"
by simp
lemma iterate_Suc [simp]: "iterate (Suc n)⋅ F⋅ x = F⋅ (iterate n⋅ F⋅ x)"
by simp
declare iterate.simps [simp del]
lemma iterate_Suc2: "iterate (Suc n)⋅ F⋅ x = iterate n⋅ F⋅ (F⋅ x)"
by (induct n) simp_all
lemma iterate_iterate: "iterate m⋅ F⋅ (iterate n⋅ F⋅ x) = iterate (m + n)⋅ F⋅ x"
by (induct m) simp_all
text ‹ The sequence of function iterations is a chain.›
lemma chain_iterate [simp]: "chain (λi. iterate i⋅ F⋅ ⊥ )"
by (rule chainI, unfold iterate_Suc2, rule monofun_cfun_arg, rule minimal)
subsection ‹ Least fixed point operator›
definition "fix" :: "('a::pcpo → 'a) → 'a"
where "fix = (Λ F. ⊔ i. iterate i⋅ F⋅ ⊥ )"
text ‹ Binder syntax for 🍋 ‹ fix› \›
abbreviation fix_syn :: "('a::pcpo ==> 'a) ==> 'a" (binder ‹ μ › 10)
where "fix_syn (λx. f x) ≡ fix⋅ (Λ x. f x)"
notation (ASCII)
fix_syn (binder ‹ FIX › 10)
text ‹ Properties of 🍋 ‹ fix› \›
text ‹ direct connection between 🍋 ‹ fix› and iteration›
lemma fix_def2: "fix⋅ F = (⊔ i. iterate i⋅ F⋅ ⊥ )"
by (simp add: fix_def)
lemma iterate_below_fix: "iterate n⋅ f⋅ ⊥ ⊑ fix⋅ f"
unfolding fix_def2
using chain_iterate by (rule is_ub_thelub)
text ‹
Kleene's fixed point theorems for continuous functions in pointed
omega cpo's
›
lemma fix_eq: "fix⋅ F = F⋅ (fix⋅ F)"
apply (simp add: fix_def2)
apply (subst lub_range_shift [of _ 1, symmetric])
apply (rule chain_iterate)
apply (subst contlub_cfun_arg)
apply (rule chain_iterate)
apply simp
done
lemma fix_least_below: "F⋅ x ⊑ x ==> fix⋅ F ⊑ x"
apply (simp add: fix_def2)
apply (rule lub_below)
apply (rule chain_iterate)
apply (induct_tac i)
apply simp
apply simp
apply (erule rev_below_trans)
apply (erule monofun_cfun_arg)
done
lemma fix_least: "F⋅ x = x ==> fix⋅ F ⊑ x"
by (rule fix_least_below) simp
lemma fix_eqI:
assumes fixed: "F⋅ x = x"
and least: "∧ z. F⋅ z = z ==> x ⊑ z"
shows "fix⋅ F = x"
apply (rule below_antisym)
apply (rule fix_least [OF fixed])
apply (rule least [OF fix_eq [symmetric]])
done
lemma fix_eq2: "f ≡ fix⋅ F ==> f = F⋅ f"
by (simp add: fix_eq [symmetric])
lemma fix_eq3: "f ≡ fix⋅ F ==> f⋅ x = F⋅ f⋅ x"
by (erule fix_eq2 [THEN cfun_fun_cong])
lemma fix_eq4: "f = fix⋅ F ==> f = F⋅ f"
by (erule ssubst) (rule fix_eq)
lemma fix_eq5: "f = fix⋅ F ==> f⋅ x = F⋅ f⋅ x"
by (erule fix_eq4 [THEN cfun_fun_cong])
text ‹ strictness of 🍋 ‹ fix› \›
lemma fix_bottom_iff: "fix⋅ F = ⊥ ⟷ F⋅ ⊥ = ⊥ "
apply (rule iffI)
apply (erule subst)
apply (rule fix_eq [symmetric])
apply (erule fix_least [THEN bottomI])
done
lemma fix_strict: "F⋅ ⊥ = ⊥ ==> fix⋅ F = ⊥ "
by (simp add: fix_bottom_iff)
lemma fix_defined: "F⋅ ⊥ ≠ ⊥ ==> fix⋅ F ≠ ⊥ "
by (simp add: fix_bottom_iff)
text ‹ 🍋 ‹ fix› applied to identity and constant functions›
lemma fix_id: "(μ x. x) = ⊥ "
by (simp add: fix_strict)
lemma fix_const: "(μ x. c) = c"
by (subst fix_eq) simp
subsection ‹ Fixed point induction›
lemma fix_ind: "adm P ==> P ⊥ ==> (∧ x. P x ==> P (F⋅ x)) ==> P (fix⋅ F)"
unfolding fix_def2
apply (erule admD)
apply (rule chain_iterate)
apply (rule nat_induct, simp_all)
done
lemma cont_fix_ind: "cont F ==> adm P ==> P ⊥ ==> (∧ x. P x ==> P (F x)) ==> P (fix⋅ (Abs_cfun F))"
by (simp add: fix_ind)
lemma def_fix_ind: "[ f ≡ fix⋅ F; adm P; P ⊥ ; ∧ x. P x ==> P (F⋅ x)] ==> P f"
by (simp add: fix_ind)
lemma fix_ind2:
assumes adm: "adm P"
assumes 0: "P ⊥ " and 1: "P (F⋅ ⊥ )"
assumes step: "∧ x. [ P x; P (F⋅ x)] ==> P (F⋅ (F⋅ x))"
shows "P (fix⋅ F)"
unfolding fix_def2
apply (rule admD [OF adm chain_iterate])
apply (rule nat_less_induct)
apply (case_tac n)
apply (simp add: 0)
apply (case_tac nat)
apply (simp add: 1)
apply (frule_tac x=nat in spec)
apply (simp add: step)
done
lemma parallel_fix_ind:
assumes adm: "adm (λx. P (fst x) (snd x))"
assumes base: "P ⊥ ⊥ "
assumes step: "∧ x y. P x y ==> P (F⋅ x) (G⋅ y)"
shows "P (fix⋅ F) (fix⋅ G)"
proof -
from adm have adm': "adm (case_prod P)"
unfolding split_def .
have "P (iterate i⋅ F⋅ ⊥ ) (iterate i⋅ G⋅ ⊥ )" for i
by (induct i) (simp add: base, simp add: step)
then have "∧ i. case_prod P (iterate i⋅ F⋅ ⊥ , iterate i⋅ G⋅ ⊥ )"
by simp
then have "case_prod P (⊔ i. (iterate i⋅ F⋅ ⊥ , iterate i⋅ G⋅ ⊥ ))"
by - (rule admD [OF adm'], simp, assumption)
then have "case_prod P (⊔ i. iterate i⋅ F⋅ ⊥ , ⊔ i. iterate i⋅ G⋅ ⊥ )"
by (simp add: lub_Pair)
then have "P (⊔ i. iterate i⋅ F⋅ ⊥ ) (⊔ i. iterate i⋅ G⋅ ⊥ )"
by simp
then show "P (fix⋅ F) (fix⋅ G)"
by (simp add: fix_def2)
qed
lemma cont_parallel_fix_ind:
assumes "cont F" and "cont G"
assumes "adm (λx. P (fst x) (snd x))"
assumes "P ⊥ ⊥ "
assumes "∧ x y. P x y ==> P (F x) (G y)"
shows "P (fix⋅ (Abs_cfun F)) (fix⋅ (Abs_cfun G))"
by (rule parallel_fix_ind) (simp_all add: assms)
subsection ‹ Fixed-points on product types›
text ‹
Bekic's Theorem: Simultaneous fixed points over pairs
can be written in terms of separate fixed points.
›
lemma fix_cprod:
fixes F :: "'a::pcpo × 'b::pcpo → 'a × 'b"
shows
"fix⋅ F =
(μ x. fst (F⋅ (x, μ y. snd (F⋅ (x, y)))),
μ y. snd (F⋅ (μ x. fst (F⋅ (x, μ y. snd (F⋅ (x, y)))), y)))"
(is "fix⋅ F = (?x, ?y)" )
proof (rule fix_eqI)
have *: "fst (F⋅ (?x, ?y)) = ?x"
by (rule trans [symmetric, OF fix_eq], simp)
have "snd (F⋅ (?x, ?y)) = ?y"
by (rule trans [symmetric, OF fix_eq], simp)
with * show "F⋅ (?x, ?y) = (?x, ?y)"
by (simp add: prod_eq_iff)
next
fix z
assume F_z: "F⋅ z = z"
obtain x y where z: "z = (x, y)" by (rule prod.exhaust)
from F_z z have F_x: "fst (F⋅ (x, y)) = x" by simp
from F_z z have F_y: "snd (F⋅ (x, y)) = y" by simp
let ?y1 = "μ y. snd (F⋅ (x, y))"
have "?y1 ⊑ y"
by (rule fix_least) (simp add: F_y)
then have "fst (F⋅ (x, ?y1)) ⊑ fst (F⋅ (x, y))"
by (simp add: fst_monofun monofun_cfun)
with F_x have "fst (F⋅ (x, ?y1)) ⊑ x"
by simp
then have *: "?x ⊑ x"
by (simp add: fix_least_below)
then have "snd (F⋅ (?x, y)) ⊑ snd (F⋅ (x, y))"
by (simp add: snd_monofun monofun_cfun)
with F_y have "snd (F⋅ (?x, y)) ⊑ y"
by simp
then have "?y ⊑ y"
by (simp add: fix_least_below)
with z * show "(?x, ?y) ⊑ z"
by simp
qed
section "Package for defining recursive functions in HOLCF"
subsection ‹ Pattern-match monad›
pcpodef 'a match = "UNIV::(one ++ 'a u) set"
by simp_all
definition
fail :: "'a match" where
"fail = Abs_match (sinl⋅ ONE)"
definition
succeed :: "'a → 'a match" where
"succeed = (Λ x. Abs_match (sinr⋅ (up⋅ x)))"
lemma matchE [case_names bottom fail succeed, cases type: match]:
"[ p = ⊥ ==> Q; p = fail ==> Q; ∧ x. p = succeed⋅ x ==> Q] ==> Q"
unfolding fail_def succeed_def
apply (cases p, rename_tac r)
apply (rule_tac p=r in ssumE, simp add: Abs_match_strict)
apply (rule_tac p=x in oneE, simp, simp)
apply (rule_tac p=y in upE, simp, simp add: cont_Abs_match)
done
lemma succeed_defined [simp]: "succeed⋅ x ≠ ⊥ "
by (simp add: succeed_def cont_Abs_match Abs_match_bottom_iff)
lemma fail_defined [simp]: "fail ≠ ⊥ "
by (simp add: fail_def Abs_match_bottom_iff)
lemma succeed_eq [simp]: "(succeed⋅ x = succeed⋅ y) = (x = y)"
by (simp add: succeed_def cont_Abs_match Abs_match_inject)
lemma succeed_neq_fail [simp]:
"succeed⋅ x ≠ fail" "fail ≠ succeed⋅ x"
by (simp_all add: succeed_def fail_def cont_Abs_match Abs_match_inject)
subsubsection ‹ Run operator›
definition
run :: "'a match → 'a::pcpo" where
"run = (Λ m. sscase⋅ ⊥ ⋅ (fup⋅ ID)⋅ (Rep_match m))"
text ‹ rewrite rules for run›
lemma run_strict [simp]: "run⋅ ⊥ = ⊥ "
unfolding run_def
by (simp add: cont_Rep_match Rep_match_strict)
lemma run_fail [simp]: "run⋅ fail = ⊥ "
unfolding run_def fail_def
by (simp add: cont_Rep_match Abs_match_inverse)
lemma run_succeed [simp]: "run⋅ (succeed⋅ x) = x"
unfolding run_def succeed_def
by (simp add: cont_Rep_match cont_Abs_match Abs_match_inverse)
subsubsection ‹ Monad plus operator›
definition
mplus :: "'a match → 'a match → 'a match" where
"mplus = (Λ m1 m2. sscase⋅ (Λ _. m2)⋅ (Λ _. m1)⋅ (Rep_match m1))"
abbreviation
mplus_syn :: "['a match, 'a match] ==> 'a match" (infixr ‹ +++› 65) where
"m1 +++ m2 == mplus⋅ m1⋅ m2"
text ‹ rewrite rules for mplus›
lemma mplus_strict [simp]: "⊥ +++ m = ⊥ "
unfolding mplus_def
by (simp add: cont_Rep_match Rep_match_strict)
lemma mplus_fail [simp]: "fail +++ m = m"
unfolding mplus_def fail_def
by (simp add: cont_Rep_match Abs_match_inverse)
lemma mplus_succeed [simp]: "succeed⋅ x +++ m = succeed⋅ x"
unfolding mplus_def succeed_def
by (simp add: cont_Rep_match cont_Abs_match Abs_match_inverse)
lemma mplus_fail2 [simp]: "m +++ fail = m"
by (cases m, simp_all)
lemma mplus_assoc: "(x +++ y) +++ z = x +++ (y +++ z)"
by (cases x, simp_all)
subsection ‹ Match functions for built-in types›
definition
match_bottom :: "'a::pcpo → 'c match → 'c match"
where
"match_bottom = (Λ x k. seq⋅ x⋅ fail)"
definition
match_Pair :: "'a × 'b → ('a → 'b → 'c match) → 'c match"
where
"match_Pair = (Λ x k. csplit⋅ k⋅ x)"
definition
match_spair :: "'a::pcpo ⊗ 'b::pcpo → ('a → 'b → 'c match) → 'c::pcpo match"
where
"match_spair = (Λ x k. ssplit⋅ k⋅ x)"
definition
match_sinl :: "'a::pcpo ⊕ 'b::pcpo → ('a → 'c::pcpo match) → 'c match"
where
"match_sinl = (Λ x k. sscase⋅ k⋅ (Λ b. fail)⋅ x)"
definition
match_sinr :: "'a::pcpo ⊕ 'b::pcpo → ('b → 'c::pcpo match) → 'c match"
where
"match_sinr = (Λ x k. sscase⋅ (Λ a. fail)⋅ k⋅ x)"
definition
match_up :: "'a u → ('a → 'c::pcpo match) → 'c match"
where
"match_up = (Λ x k. fup⋅ k⋅ x)"
definition
match_ONE :: "one → 'c::pcpo match → 'c match"
where
"match_ONE = (Λ ONE k. k)"
definition
match_TT :: "tr → 'c::pcpo match → 'c match"
where
"match_TT = (Λ x k. If x then k else fail)"
definition
match_FF :: "tr → 'c::pcpo match → 'c match"
where
"match_FF = (Λ x k. If x then fail else k)"
lemma match_bottom_simps [simp]:
"match_bottom⋅ x⋅ k = (if x = ⊥ then ⊥ else fail)"
by (simp add: match_bottom_def)
lemma match_Pair_simps [simp]:
"match_Pair⋅ (x, y)⋅ k = k⋅ x⋅ y"
by (simp_all add: match_Pair_def)
lemma match_spair_simps [simp]:
"[ x ≠ ⊥ ; y ≠ ⊥ ] ==> match_spair⋅ (:x, y:)⋅ k = k⋅ x⋅ y"
"match_spair⋅ ⊥ ⋅ k = ⊥ "
by (simp_all add: match_spair_def)
lemma match_sinl_simps [simp]:
"x ≠ ⊥ ==> match_sinl⋅ (sinl⋅ x)⋅ k = k⋅ x"
"y ≠ ⊥ ==> match_sinl⋅ (sinr⋅ y)⋅ k = fail"
"match_sinl⋅ ⊥ ⋅ k = ⊥ "
by (simp_all add: match_sinl_def)
lemma match_sinr_simps [simp]:
"x ≠ ⊥ ==> match_sinr⋅ (sinl⋅ x)⋅ k = fail"
"y ≠ ⊥ ==> match_sinr⋅ (sinr⋅ y)⋅ k = k⋅ y"
"match_sinr⋅ ⊥ ⋅ k = ⊥ "
by (simp_all add: match_sinr_def)
lemma match_up_simps [simp]:
"match_up⋅ (up⋅ x)⋅ k = k⋅ x"
"match_up⋅ ⊥ ⋅ k = ⊥ "
by (simp_all add: match_up_def)
lemma match_ONE_simps [simp]:
"match_ONE⋅ ONE⋅ k = k"
"match_ONE⋅ ⊥ ⋅ k = ⊥ "
by (simp_all add: match_ONE_def)
lemma match_TT_simps [simp]:
"match_TT⋅ TT⋅ k = k"
"match_TT⋅ FF⋅ k = fail"
"match_TT⋅ ⊥ ⋅ k = ⊥ "
by (simp_all add: match_TT_def)
lemma match_FF_simps [simp]:
"match_FF⋅ FF⋅ k = k"
"match_FF⋅ TT⋅ k = fail"
"match_FF⋅ ⊥ ⋅ k = ⊥ "
by (simp_all add: match_FF_def)
subsection ‹ Mutual recursion›
text ‹
The following rules are used to prove unfolding theorems from
fixed-point definitions of mutually recursive functions.
›
lemma Pair_equalI: "[ x ≡ fst p; y ≡ snd p] ==> (x, y) ≡ p"
by simp
lemma Pair_eqD1: "(x, y) = (x', y') ==> x = x'"
by simp
lemma Pair_eqD2: "(x, y) = (x', y') ==> y = y'"
by simp
lemma def_cont_fix_eq:
"[ f ≡ fix⋅ (Abs_cfun F); cont F] ==> f = F f"
by (simp, subst fix_eq, simp)
lemma def_cont_fix_ind:
"[ f ≡ fix⋅ (Abs_cfun F); cont F; adm P; P ⊥ ; ∧ x. P x ==> P (F x)] ==> P f"
by (simp add: fix_ind)
text ‹ lemma for proving rewrite rules›
lemma ssubst_lhs: "[ t = s; P s = Q] ==> P t = Q"
by simp
subsection ‹ Initializing the fixrec package›
ML_file ‹ Tools/holcf_library.ML›
ML_file ‹ Tools/fixrec.ML›
method_setup fixrec_simp = ‹
Scan.succeed (SIMPLE_METHOD' o Fixrec.fixrec_simp_tac)
›
setup ‹
Fixrec.add_matchers
[ (🍋 ‹ up› , 🍋 ‹ match_up› ),
(🍋 ‹ sinl› , 🍋 ‹ match_sinl› ),
(🍋 ‹ sinr› , 🍋 ‹ match_sinr› ),
(🍋 ‹ spair› , 🍋 ‹ match_spair› ),
(🍋 ‹ Pair› , 🍋 ‹ match_Pair› ),
(🍋 ‹ ONE› , 🍋 ‹ match_ONE› ),
(🍋 ‹ TT› , 🍋 ‹ match_TT› ),
(🍋 ‹ FF› , 🍋 ‹ match_FF› ),
(🍋 ‹ bottom› , 🍋 ‹ match_bottom› ) ]
›
hide_const (open ) succeed fail run
end
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