(* Title: HOL/Fun.thy
Author: Tobias Nipkow, Cambridge University Computer Laboratory
Author: Andrei Popescu, TU Muenchen
Copyright 1994, 2012
*)
section ‹Notions about functions
›
theory Fun
imports Set
keywords
"functor" :: thy_goal_defn
begin
lemma apply_inverse:
"f x = u \ (\x. P x \ g (f x) = x) \ P x \ x = g u"
by auto
text ‹Uniqueness, so NOT the axiom of choice.
›
lemma uniq_choice:
"\x. \!y. Q x y \ \f. \x. Q x (f x)"
by (force intro: theI
')
lemma b_uniq_choice:
"\x\S. \!y. Q x y \ \f. \x\S. Q x (f x)"
by (force intro: theI
')
subsection ‹The Identity
Function ‹id
››
definition id ::
"'a \ 'a"
where "id = (\x. x)"
lemma id_apply [simp]:
"id x = x"
by (simp add: id_def)
lemma image_id [simp]:
"image id = id"
by (simp add: id_def fun_eq_iff)
lemma vimage_id [simp]:
"vimage id = id"
by (simp add: id_def fun_eq_iff)
lemma eq_id_iff:
"(\x. f x = x) \ f = id"
by auto
code_printing
constant id
⇀ (Haskell)
"id"
subsection ‹The Composition Operator
‹f
∘ g
››
definition comp ::
"('b \ 'c) \ ('a \ 'b) \ 'a \ 'c" (
infixl ‹∘› 55)
where "f \ g = (\x. f (g x))"
notation (ASCII)
comp (
infixl ‹o
› 55)
lemma comp_apply [simp]:
"(f \ g) x = f (g x)"
by (simp add: comp_def)
lemma comp_assoc:
"(f \ g) \ h = f \ (g \ h)"
by (simp add: fun_eq_iff)
lemma id_comp [simp]:
"id \ g = g"
by (simp add: fun_eq_iff)
lemma comp_id [simp]:
"f \ id = f"
by (simp add: fun_eq_iff)
lemma comp_eq_dest:
"a \ b = c \ d \ a (b v) = c (d v)"
by (simp add: fun_eq_iff)
lemma comp_eq_elim:
"a \ b = c \ d \ ((\v. a (b v) = c (d v)) \ R) \ R"
by (simp add: fun_eq_iff)
lemma comp_eq_dest_lhs:
"a \ b = c \ a (b v) = c v"
by clarsimp
lemma comp_eq_id_dest:
"a \ b = id \ c \ a (b v) = c v"
by clarsimp
lemma image_comp:
"f ` (g ` r) = (f \ g) ` r"
by auto
lemma vimage_comp:
"f -` (g -` x) = (g \ f) -` x"
by auto
lemma image_eq_imp_comp:
"f ` A = g ` B \ (h \ f) ` A = (h \ g) ` B"
by (auto simp: comp_def elim!: equalityE)
lemma image_bind:
"f ` (Set.bind A g) = Set.bind A ((`) f \ g)"
by (auto simp add: Set.bind_def)
lemma bind_image:
"Set.bind (f ` A) g = Set.bind A (g \ f)"
by (auto simp add: Set.bind_def)
lemma (
in group_add) minus_comp_minus [simp]:
"uminus \ uminus = id"
by (simp add: fun_eq_iff)
lemma (
in boolean_algebra) minus_comp_minus [simp]:
"uminus \ uminus = id"
by (simp add: fun_eq_iff)
code_printing
constant comp
⇀ (SML)
infixl 5
"o" and (Haskell)
infixr 9
"."
subsection ‹The Forward Composition Operator
‹fcomp
››
definition fcomp ::
"('a \ 'b) \ ('b \ 'c) \ 'a \ 'c" (
infixl ‹∘>
› 60)
where "f \> g = (\x. g (f x))"
lemma fcomp_apply [simp]:
"(f \> g) x = g (f x)"
by (simp add: fcomp_def)
lemma fcomp_assoc:
"(f \> g) \> h = f \> (g \> h)"
by (simp add: fcomp_def)
lemma id_fcomp [simp]:
"id \> g = g"
by (simp add: fcomp_def)
lemma fcomp_id [simp]:
"f \> id = f"
by (simp add: fcomp_def)
lemma fcomp_comp:
"fcomp f g = comp g f"
by (simp add: ext)
code_printing
constant fcomp
⇀ (Eval)
infixl 1
"#>"
no_notation fcomp (
infixl ‹∘>
› 60)
subsection ‹Mapping functions
›
definition map_fun ::
"('c \ 'a) \ ('b \ 'd) \ ('a \ 'b) \ 'c \ 'd"
where "map_fun f g h = g \ h \ f"
lemma map_fun_apply [simp]:
"map_fun f g h x = g (h (f x))"
by (simp add: map_fun_def)
subsection ‹Injectivity
and Bijectivity
›
definition inj_on ::
"('a \ 'b) \ 'a set \ bool" 🍋 ‹injective
›
where "inj_on f A \ (\x\A. \y\A. f x = f y \ x = y)"
definition bij_betw ::
"('a \ 'b) \ 'a set \ 'b set \ bool" 🍋 ‹bijective
›
where "bij_betw f A B \ inj_on f A \ f ` A = B"
text ‹
A common special
case: functions injective, surjective or bijective over
the entire
domain type.
›
abbreviation inj ::
"('a \ 'b) \ bool"
where "inj f \ inj_on f UNIV"
abbreviation surj ::
"('a \ 'b) \ bool"
where "surj f \ range f = UNIV"
translations 🍋 ‹The negated
case:
›
"\ CONST surj f" ↽ "CONST range f \ CONST UNIV"
abbreviation bij ::
"('a \ 'b) \ bool"
where "bij f \ bij_betw f UNIV UNIV"
lemma inj_def:
"inj f \ (\x y. f x = f y \ x = y)"
unfolding inj_on_def
by blast
lemma injI:
"(\x y. f x = f y \ x = y) \ inj f"
unfolding inj_def
by blast
theorem range_ex1_eq:
"inj f \ b \ range f \ (\!x. b = f x)"
unfolding inj_def
by blast
lemma injD:
"inj f \ f x = f y \ x = y"
by (simp add: inj_def)
lemma inj_on_eq_iff:
"inj_on f A \ x \ A \ y \ A \ f x = f y \ x = y"
by (auto simp: inj_on_def)
lemma inj_on_cong:
"(\a. a \ A \ f a = g a) \ inj_on f A \ inj_on g A"
by (auto simp: inj_on_def)
lemma image_strict_mono:
"inj_on f B \ A \ B \ f ` A \ f ` B"
unfolding inj_on_def
by blast
lemma inj_compose:
"inj f \ inj g \ inj (f \ g)"
by (simp add: inj_def)
lemma inj_fun:
"inj f \ inj (\x y. f x)"
by (simp add: inj_def fun_eq_iff)
lemma inj_eq:
"inj f \ f x = f y \ x = y"
by (simp add: inj_on_eq_iff)
lemma inj_on_iff_Uniq:
"inj_on f A \ (\x\A. \\<^sub>\\<^sub>1y. y\A \ f x = f y)"
by (auto simp: Uniq_def inj_on_def)
lemma inj_on_id[simp]:
"inj_on id A"
by (simp add: inj_on_def)
lemma inj_on_id2[simp]:
"inj_on (\x. x) A"
by (simp add: inj_on_def)
lemma inj_on_Int:
"inj_on f A \ inj_on f B \ inj_on f (A \ B)"
unfolding inj_on_def
by blast
lemma surj_id:
"surj id"
by simp
lemma bij_id[simp]:
"bij id"
by (simp add: bij_betw_def)
lemma bij_uminus:
"bij (uminus :: 'a \ 'a::group_add)"
unfolding bij_betw_def inj_on_def
by (force intro: minus_minus [symmetric])
lemma bij_betwE:
"bij_betw f A B \ \a\A. f a \ B"
unfolding bij_betw_def
by auto
lemma inj_onI [intro?]:
"(\x y. x \ A \ y \ A \ f x = f y \ x = y) \ inj_on f A"
by (simp add: inj_on_def)
text ‹For those frequent proofs
by contradiction
›
lemma inj_onCI:
"(\x y. x \ A \ y \ A \ f x = f y \ x \ y \ False) \ inj_on f A"
by (force simp: inj_on_def)
lemma inj_on_inverseI:
"(\x. x \ A \ g (f x) = x) \ inj_on f A"
by (auto dest: arg_cong [of concl: g] simp add: inj_on_def)
lemma inj_onD:
"inj_on f A \ f x = f y \ x \ A \ y \ A \ x = y"
unfolding inj_on_def
by blast
lemma inj_on_subset:
"\ inj_on f A; B \ A \ \ inj_on f B"
unfolding inj_on_def
by blast
lemma comp_inj_on:
"inj_on f A \ inj_on g (f ` A) \ inj_on (g \ f) A"
by (simp add: comp_def inj_on_def)
lemma inj_on_imageI:
"inj_on (g \ f) A \ inj_on g (f ` A)"
by (auto simp add: inj_on_def)
lemma inj_on_image_iff:
"\x\A. \y\A. g (f x) = g (f y) \ g x = g y \ inj_on f A \ inj_on g (f ` A) \ inj_on g A"
unfolding inj_on_def
by blast
lemma inj_on_contraD:
"inj_on f A \ x \ y \ x \ A \ y \ A \ f x \ f y"
unfolding inj_on_def
by blast
lemma inj_singleton [simp]:
"inj_on (\x. {x}) A"
by (simp add: inj_on_def)
lemma inj_on_empty[iff]:
"inj_on f {}"
by (simp add: inj_on_def)
lemma inj_on_Un:
"inj_on f (A \ B) \ inj_on f A \ inj_on f B \ f ` (A - B) \ f ` (B - A) = {}"
unfolding inj_on_def
by (blast intro: sym)
lemma inj_on_insert [iff]:
"inj_on f (insert a A) \ inj_on f A \ f a \ f ` (A - {a})"
unfolding inj_on_def
by (blast intro: sym)
lemma inj_on_diff:
"inj_on f A \ inj_on f (A - B)"
unfolding inj_on_def
by blast
lemma comp_inj_on_iff:
"inj_on f A \ inj_on f' (f ` A) \ inj_on (f' \ f) A"
by (auto simp: comp_inj_on inj_on_def)
lemma inj_on_imageI2:
"inj_on (f' \ f) A \ inj_on f A"
by (auto simp: comp_inj_on inj_on_def)
lemma inj_img_insertE:
assumes "inj_on f A"
assumes "x \ B"
and "insert x B = f ` A"
obtains x
' A' where "x' \ A'" and "A = insert x' A'" and "x = f x'" and "B = f ` A'"
proof -
from assms
have "x \ f ` A" by auto
then obtain x
' where *: "x' ∈ A
" "x = f x
'" by auto
then have A:
"A = insert x' (A - {x'})" by auto
with assms *
have B:
"B = f ` (A - {x'})" by (auto dest: inj_on_contraD)
have "x' \ A - {x'}" by simp
from this A
‹x = f x
'\ B show ?thesis ..
qed
lemma linorder_inj_onI:
fixes A ::
"'a::order set"
assumes ne:
"\x y. \x < y; x\A; y\A\ \ f x \ f y" and lin:
"\x y. \x\A; y\A\ \ x\y \ y\x"
shows "inj_on f A"
proof (rule inj_onI)
fix x y
assume eq:
"f x = f y" and "x\A" "y\A"
then show "x = y"
using lin [of x y] ne
by (force simp: dual_order.order_iff_strict)
qed
lemma linorder_inj_onI
':
fixes A ::
"'a :: linorder set"
assumes "\i j. i \ A \ j \ A \ i < j \ f i \ f j"
shows "inj_on f A"
by (intro linorder_inj_onI) (auto simp add: assms)
lemma linorder_injI:
assumes "\x y::'a::linorder. x < y \ f x \ f y"
shows "inj f"
🍋 ‹Courtesy of Stephan Merz
›
using assms
by (simp add: linorder_inj_onI
')
lemma inj_on_image_Pow:
"inj_on f A \inj_on (image f) (Pow A)"
unfolding Pow_def inj_on_def
by blast
lemma inj_on_vimage_image:
"inj_on (\b. f -` {b}) (f ` A)"
using inj_on_def
by fastforce
lemma bij_betw_image_Pow:
"bij_betw f A B \ bij_betw (image f) (Pow A) (Pow B)"
by (auto simp add: bij_betw_def inj_on_image_Pow image_Pow_surj)
lemma surj_def:
"surj f \ (\y. \x. y = f x)"
by auto
lemma surjI:
assumes "\x. g (f x) = x"
shows "surj g"
using assms [symmetric]
by auto
lemma surjD:
"surj f \ \x. y = f x"
by (simp add: surj_def)
lemma surjE:
"surj f \ (\x. y = f x \ C) \ C"
by (simp add: surj_def) blast
lemma comp_surj:
"surj f \ surj g \ surj (g \ f)"
using image_comp [of g f UNIV]
by simp
lemma bij_betw_imageI:
"inj_on f A \ f ` A = B \ bij_betw f A B"
unfolding bij_betw_def
by clarify
lemma bij_betw_imp_surj_on:
"bij_betw f A B \ f ` A = B"
unfolding bij_betw_def
by clarify
lemma bij_betw_imp_surj:
"bij_betw f A UNIV \ surj f"
unfolding bij_betw_def
by auto
lemma bij_betw_empty1:
"bij_betw f {} A \ A = {}"
unfolding bij_betw_def
by blast
lemma bij_betw_empty2:
"bij_betw f A {} \ A = {}"
unfolding bij_betw_def
by blast
lemma inj_on_imp_bij_betw:
"inj_on f A \ bij_betw f A (f ` A)"
unfolding bij_betw_def
by simp
lemma bij_betw_DiffI:
assumes "bij_betw f A B" "bij_betw f C D" "C \ A" "D \ B"
shows "bij_betw f (A - C) (B - D)"
using assms
unfolding bij_betw_def inj_on_def
by auto
lemma bij_betw_singleton_iff [simp]:
"bij_betw f {x} {y} \ f x = y"
by (auto simp: bij_betw_def)
lemma bij_betw_singletonI [intro]:
"f x = y \ bij_betw f {x} {y}"
by auto
lemma bij_betw_imp_empty_iff:
"bij_betw f A B \ A = {} \ B = {}"
unfolding bij_betw_def
by blast
lemma bij_betw_imp_Ex_iff:
"bij_betw f {x. P x} {x. Q x} \ (\x. P x) \ (\x. Q x)"
unfolding bij_betw_def
by blast
lemma bij_betw_imp_Bex_iff:
"bij_betw f {x\A. P x} {x\B. Q x} \ (\x\A. P x) \ (\x\B. Q x)"
unfolding bij_betw_def
by blast
lemma bij_betw_apply:
"\bij_betw f A B; a \ A\ \ f a \ B"
unfolding bij_betw_def
by auto
lemma bij_def:
"bij f \ inj f \ surj f"
by (rule bij_betw_def)
lemma bijI:
"inj f \ surj f \ bij f"
by (rule bij_betw_imageI)
lemma bij_is_inj:
"bij f \ inj f"
by (simp add: bij_def)
lemma bij_is_surj:
"bij f \ surj f"
by (simp add: bij_def)
lemma bij_betw_imp_inj_on:
"bij_betw f A B \ inj_on f A"
by (simp add: bij_betw_def)
lemma bij_betw_trans:
"bij_betw f A B \ bij_betw g B C \ bij_betw (g \ f) A C"
by (auto simp add:bij_betw_def comp_inj_on)
lemma bij_comp:
"bij f \ bij g \ bij (g \ f)"
by (rule bij_betw_trans)
lemma bij_betw_comp_iff:
"bij_betw f A A' \ bij_betw f' A' A'' \ bij_betw (f' \ f) A A''"
by (auto simp add: bij_betw_def inj_on_def)
lemma bij_betw_Collect:
assumes "bij_betw f A B" "\x. x \ A \ Q (f x) \ P x"
shows "bij_betw f {x\A. P x} {y\B. Q y}"
using assms
by (auto simp add: bij_betw_def inj_on_def)
lemma bij_betw_comp_iff2:
assumes bij:
"bij_betw f' A' A''"
and img:
"f ` A \ A'"
shows "bij_betw f A A' \ bij_betw (f' \ f) A A''" (
is "?L \ ?R")
proof
assume "?L"
then show "?R"
using assms
by (auto simp add: bij_betw_comp_iff)
next
assume *:
"?R"
have "inj_on (f' \ f) A \ inj_on f A"
using inj_on_imageI2
by blast
moreover have "A' \ f ` A"
proof
fix a
'
assume **:
"a' \ A'"
with bij
have "f' a' \ A''"
unfolding bij_betw_def
by auto
with *
obtain a
where 1:
"a \ A \ f' (f a) = f' a'"
unfolding bij_betw_def
by force
with img
have "f a \ A'" by auto
with bij ** 1
have "f a = a'"
unfolding bij_betw_def inj_on_def
by auto
with 1
show "a' \ f ` A" by auto
qed
ultimately show "?L"
using img *
by (auto simp add: bij_betw_def)
qed
lemma bij_betw_inv:
assumes "bij_betw f A B"
shows "\g. bij_betw g B A"
proof -
have i:
"inj_on f A" and s:
"f ` A = B"
using assms
by (auto simp: bij_betw_def)
let ?P =
"\b a. a \ A \ f a = b"
let ?g =
"\b. The (?P b)"
have g:
"?g b = a" if P:
"?P b a" for a b
proof -
from that s
have ex1:
"\a. ?P b a" by blast
then have uex1:
"\!a. ?P b a" by (blast dest:inj_onD[OF i])
then show ?thesis
using the1_equality[OF uex1, OF P] P
by simp
qed
have "inj_on ?g B"
proof (rule inj_onI)
fix x y
assume "x \ B" "y \ B" "?g x = ?g y"
from s
‹x
∈ B
› obtain a1
where a1:
"?P x a1" by blast
from s
‹y
∈ B
› obtain a2
where a2:
"?P y a2" by blast
from g [OF a1] a1 g [OF a2] a2
‹?g x = ?g y
› show "x = y" by simp
qed
moreover have "?g ` B = A"
proof safe
fix b
assume "b \ B"
with s
obtain a
where P:
"?P b a" by blast
with g[OF P]
show "?g b \ A" by auto
next
fix a
assume "a \ A"
with s
obtain b
where P:
"?P b a" by blast
with s
have "b \ B" by blast
with g[OF P]
have "\b\B. a = ?g b" by blast
then show "a \ ?g ` B"
by auto
qed
ultimately show ?thesis
by (auto simp: bij_betw_def)
qed
lemma bij_betw_cong:
"(\a. a \ A \ f a = g a) \ bij_betw f A A' = bij_betw g A A'"
unfolding bij_betw_def inj_on_def
by safe force+
(* somewhat slow *)
lemma bij_betw_id[intro, simp]:
"bij_betw id A A"
unfolding bij_betw_def id_def
by auto
lemma bij_betw_id_iff:
"bij_betw id A B \ A = B"
by (auto simp add: bij_betw_def)
lemma bij_betw_combine:
"bij_betw f A B \ bij_betw f C D \ B \ D = {} \ bij_betw f (A \ C) (B \ D)"
unfolding bij_betw_def inj_on_Un image_Un
by auto
lemma bij_betw_subset:
"bij_betw f A A' \ B \ A \ f ` B = B' \ bij_betw f B B'"
by (auto simp add: bij_betw_def inj_on_def)
lemma bij_betw_ball:
"bij_betw f A B \ (\b \ B. phi b) = (\a \ A. phi (f a))"
unfolding bij_betw_def inj_on_def
by blast
lemma bij_pointE:
assumes "bij f"
obtains x
where "y = f x" and "\x'. y = f x' \ x' = x"
proof -
from assms
have "inj f" by (rule bij_is_inj)
moreover from assms
have "surj f" by (rule bij_is_surj)
then have "y \ range f" by simp
ultimately have "\!x. y = f x" by (simp add: range_ex1_eq)
with that
show thesis
by blast
qed
lemma bij_iff:
🍋‹contributor
‹Amine Chaieb
››
‹bij f
⟷ (
∀x.
∃!y. f y = x)
› (
is ‹?P
⟷ ?Q
›)
proof
assume ?P
then have ‹inj f
› ‹surj f
›
by (simp_all add: bij_def)
show ?Q
proof
fix y
from ‹surj f
› obtain x
where ‹y = f x
›
by (auto simp add: surj_def)
with ‹inj f
› show ‹∃!x. f x = y
›
by (auto simp add: inj_def)
qed
next
assume ?Q
then have ‹inj f
›
by (auto simp add: inj_def)
moreover have ‹∃x. y = f x
› for y
proof -
from ‹?Q
› obtain x
where ‹f x = y
›
by blast
then have ‹y = f x
›
by simp
then show ?thesis ..
qed
then have ‹surj f
›
by (auto simp add: surj_def)
ultimately show ?P
by (rule bijI)
qed
lemma bij_betw_partition:
‹bij_betw f A B
›
if ‹bij_betw f (A
∪ C) (B
∪ D)
› ‹bij_betw f C D
› ‹A
∩ C = {}
› ‹B
∩ D = {}
›
proof -
from that
have ‹inj_on f (A
∪ C)
› ‹inj_on f C
› ‹f ` (A
∪ C) = B
∪ D
› ‹f ` C = D
›
by (simp_all add: bij_betw_def)
then have ‹inj_on f A
› and ‹f ` (A - C)
∩ f ` (C - A) = {}
›
by (simp_all add: inj_on_Un)
with ‹A
∩ C = {}
› have ‹f ` A
∩ f ` C = {}
›
by auto
with ‹f ` (A
∪ C) = B
∪ D
› ‹f ` C = D
› ‹B
∩ D = {}
›
have ‹f ` A = B
›
by blast
with ‹inj_on f A
› show ?thesis
by (simp add: bij_betw_def)
qed
lemma surj_image_vimage_eq:
"surj f \ f ` (f -` A) = A"
by simp
lemma surj_vimage_empty:
assumes "surj f"
shows "f -` A = {} \ A = {}"
using surj_image_vimage_eq [OF
‹surj f
›, of A]
by (intro iffI) fastforce+
lemma inj_vimage_image_eq:
"inj f \ f -` (f ` A) = A"
unfolding inj_def
by blast
lemma vimage_subsetD:
"surj f \ f -` B \ A \ B \ f ` A"
by (blast intro: sym)
lemma vimage_subsetI:
"inj f \ B \ f ` A \ f -` B \ A"
unfolding inj_def
by blast
lemma vimage_subset_eq:
"bij f \ f -` B \ A \ B \ f ` A"
unfolding bij_def
by (blast del: subsetI intro: vimage_subsetI vimage_subsetD)
lemma inj_on_image_eq_iff:
"inj_on f C \ A \ C \ B \ C \ f ` A = f ` B \ A = B"
by (fastforce simp: inj_on_def)
lemma inj_on_Un_image_eq_iff:
"inj_on f (A \ B) \ f ` A = f ` B \ A = B"
by (erule inj_on_image_eq_iff) simp_all
lemma inj_on_image_Int:
"inj_on f C \ A \ C \ B \ C \ f ` (A \ B) = f ` A \ f ` B"
unfolding inj_on_def
by blast
lemma inj_on_image_set_diff:
"inj_on f C \ A - B \ C \ B \ C \ f ` (A - B) = f ` A - f ` B"
unfolding inj_on_def
by blast
lemma image_Int:
"inj f \ f ` (A \ B) = f ` A \ f ` B"
unfolding inj_def
by blast
lemma image_set_diff:
"inj f \ f ` (A - B) = f ` A - f ` B"
unfolding inj_def
by blast
lemma inj_on_image_mem_iff:
"inj_on f B \ a \ B \ A \ B \ f a \ f ` A \ a \ A"
by (auto simp: inj_on_def)
lemma inj_image_mem_iff:
"inj f \ f a \ f ` A \ a \ A"
by (blast dest: injD)
lemma inj_image_subset_iff:
"inj f \ f ` A \ f ` B \ A \ B"
by (blast dest: injD)
lemma inj_image_eq_iff:
"inj f \ f ` A = f ` B \ A = B"
by (blast dest: injD)
lemma surj_Compl_image_subset:
"surj f \ - (f ` A) \ f ` (- A)"
by auto
lemma inj_image_Compl_subset:
"inj f \ f ` (- A) \ - (f ` A)"
by (auto simp: inj_def)
lemma bij_image_Compl_eq:
"bij f \ f ` (- A) = - (f ` A)"
by (simp add: bij_def inj_image_Compl_subset surj_Compl_image_subset equalityI)
lemma inj_vimage_singleton:
"inj f \ f -` {a} \ {THE x. f x = a}"
🍋 ‹The inverse image of a singleton under an injective
function is included
in a singleton.
›
by (simp add: inj_def) (blast intro: the_equality [symmetric])
lemma inj_on_vimage_singleton:
"inj_on f A \ f -` {a} \ A \ {THE x. x \ A \ f x = a}"
by (auto simp add: inj_on_def intro: the_equality [symmetric])
lemma bij_betw_byWitness:
assumes left:
"\a \ A. f' (f a) = a"
and right:
"\a' \ A'. f (f' a') = a'"
and "f ` A \ A'"
and img2:
"f' ` A' \ A"
shows "bij_betw f A A'"
using assms
unfolding bij_betw_def inj_on_def
proof safe
fix a b
assume "a \ A" "b \ A"
with left
have "a = f' (f a) \ b = f' (f b)" by simp
moreover assume "f a = f b"
ultimately show "a = b" by simp
next
fix a
' assume *: "a' ∈ A
'"
with img2
have "f' a' \ A" by blast
moreover from * right
have "a' = f (f' a')" by simp
ultimately show "a' \ f ` A" by blast
qed
corollary notIn_Un_bij_betw:
assumes "b \ A"
and "f b \ A'"
and "bij_betw f A A'"
shows "bij_betw f (A \ {b}) (A' \ {f b})"
proof -
have "bij_betw f {b} {f b}"
unfolding bij_betw_def inj_on_def
by simp
with assms
show ?thesis
using bij_betw_combine[of f A A
' "{b}" "{f b}"] by blast
qed
lemma notIn_Un_bij_betw3:
assumes "b \ A"
and "f b \ A'"
shows "bij_betw f A A' = bij_betw f (A \ {b}) (A' \ {f b})"
proof
assume "bij_betw f A A'"
then show "bij_betw f (A \ {b}) (A' \ {f b})"
using assms notIn_Un_bij_betw [of b A f A
'] by blast
next
assume *:
"bij_betw f (A \ {b}) (A' \ {f b})"
have "f ` A = A'"
proof safe
fix a
assume **:
"a \ A"
then have "f a \ A' \ {f b}"
using *
unfolding bij_betw_def
by blast
moreover
have False
if "f a = f b"
proof -
have "a = b"
using * ** that
unfolding bij_betw_def inj_on_def
by blast
with ‹b
∉ A
› **
show ?thesis
by blast
qed
ultimately show "f a \ A'" by blast
next
fix a
'
assume **:
"a' \ A'"
then have "a' \ f ` (A \ {b})"
using *
by (auto simp add: bij_betw_def)
then obtain a
where 1:
"a \ A \ {b} \ f a = a'" by blast
moreover
have False
if "a = b" using 1 **
‹f b
∉ A
'\ that by blast
ultimately have "a \ A" by blast
with 1
show "a' \ f ` A" by blast
qed
then show "bij_betw f A A'"
using * bij_betw_subset[of f
"A \ {b}" _ A]
by blast
qed
lemma inj_on_disjoint_Un:
assumes "inj_on f A" and "inj_on g B"
and "f ` A \ g ` B = {}"
shows "inj_on (\x. if x \ A then f x else g x) (A \ B)"
using assms
by (simp add: inj_on_def disjoint_iff) (blast)
lemma bij_betw_disjoint_Un:
assumes "bij_betw f A C" and "bij_betw g B D"
and "A \ B = {}"
and "C \ D = {}"
shows "bij_betw (\x. if x \ A then f x else g x) (A \ B) (C \ D)"
using assms
by (auto simp: inj_on_disjoint_Un bij_betw_def)
lemma involuntory_imp_bij:
‹bij f
› if ‹∧x. f (f x) = x
›
proof (rule bijI)
from that
show ‹surj f
›
by (rule surjI)
show ‹inj f
›
proof (rule injI)
fix x y
assume ‹f x = f y
›
then have ‹f (f x) = f (f y)
›
by simp
then show ‹x = y
›
by (simp add: that)
qed
qed
subsubsection
‹Inj/surj/bij of Algebraic Operations
›
context cancel_semigroup_add
begin
lemma inj_on_add [simp]:
"inj_on ((+) a) A"
by (rule inj_onI) simp
lemma inj_on_add
' [simp]:
"inj_on (\b. b + a) A"
by (rule inj_onI) simp
lemma bij_betw_add [simp]:
"bij_betw ((+) a) A B \ (+) a ` A = B"
by (simp add: bij_betw_def)
end
context group_add
begin
lemma diff_left_imp_eq:
"a - b = a - c \ b = c"
unfolding add_uminus_conv_diff[symmetric]
by(drule
local.add_left_imp_eq) simp
lemma inj_uminus[simp, intro]:
"inj_on uminus A"
by (auto intro!: inj_onI)
lemma surj_uminus[simp]:
"surj uminus"
using surjI minus_minus
by blast
lemma surj_plus [simp]:
"surj ((+) a)"
proof (standard, simp, standard, simp)
fix x
have "x = a + (-a + x)" by (simp add: add.assoc)
thus "x \ range ((+) a)" by blast
qed
lemma surj_plus_right [simp]:
"surj (\b. b+a)"
proof (standard, simp, standard, simp)
fix b
show "b \ range (\b. b+a)"
using diff_add_cancel[of b a, symmetric]
by blast
qed
lemma inj_on_diff_left [simp]:
‹inj_on ((-) a) A
›
by (auto intro: inj_onI dest!: diff_left_imp_eq)
lemma inj_on_diff_right [simp]:
‹inj_on (λb. b - a) A
›
by (auto intro: inj_onI simp add: algebra_simps)
lemma surj_diff [simp]:
"surj ((-) a)"
proof (standard, simp, standard, simp)
fix x
have "x = a - (- x + a)" by (simp add: algebra_simps)
thus "x \ range ((-) a)" by blast
qed
lemma surj_diff_right [simp]:
"surj (\x. x - a)"
proof (standard, simp, standard, simp)
fix x
have "x = x + a - a" by simp
thus "x \ range (\x. x - a)" by fast
qed
lemma shows bij_plus:
"bij ((+) a)" and bij_plus_right:
"bij (\x. x + a)"
and bij_uminus:
"bij uminus"
and bij_diff:
"bij ((-) a)" and bij_diff_right:
"bij (\x. x - a)"
by(simp_all add: bij_def)
lemma translation_subtract_Compl:
"(\x. x - a) ` (- t) = - ((\x. x - a) ` t)"
by(rule bij_image_Compl_eq)
(auto simp add: bij_def surj_def inj_def diff_eq_eq intro!: add_diff_cancel[symmetric])
lemma translation_diff:
"(+) a ` (s - t) = ((+) a ` s) - ((+) a ` t)"
by auto
lemma translation_subtract_diff:
"(\x. x - a) ` (s - t) = ((\x. x - a) ` s) - ((\x. x - a) ` t)"
by(rule image_set_diff)(simp add: inj_on_def diff_eq_eq)
lemma translation_Int:
"(+) a ` (s \ t) = ((+) a ` s) \ ((+) a ` t)"
by auto
lemma translation_subtract_Int:
"(\x. x - a) ` (s \ t) = ((\x. x - a) ` s) \ ((\x. x - a) ` t)"
by(rule image_Int)(simp add: inj_on_def diff_eq_eq)
lemma translation_Compl:
"(+) a ` (- t) = - ((+) a ` t)"
proof (rule set_eqI)
fix b
show "b \ (+) a ` (- t) \ b \ - (+) a ` t"
by (auto simp: image_iff algebra_simps intro!: bexI [of _
"- a + b"])
qed
end
subsection ‹Function Updating
›
definition fun_upd ::
"('a \ 'b) \ 'a \ 'b \ ('a \ 'b)"
where "fun_upd f a b = (\x. if x = a then b else f x)"
nonterminal updbinds
and updbind
open_bundle update_syntax
begin
syntax
"_updbind" ::
"'a \ 'a \ updbind" (
‹(
‹indent=2
notation=
‹mixfix update
››_ :=/ _)
›)
"" ::
"updbind \ updbinds" (
‹_
›)
"_updbinds"::
"updbind \ updbinds \ updbinds" (
‹_,/ _
›)
"_Update" ::
"'a \ updbinds \ 'a"
(
‹(
‹open_block
notation=
‹mixfix
function update
››_/
'((2_)'))
› [1000, 0] 900)
syntax_consts
"_Update" ⇌ fun_upd
translations
"_Update f (_updbinds b bs)" ⇌ "_Update (_Update f b) bs"
"f(x:=y)" ⇌ "CONST fun_upd f x y"
end
(* Hint: to define the sum of two functions (or maps), use case_sum.
A nice infix syntax could be defined by
notation
case_sum (infixr "'(+')"80)
*)
lemma fun_upd_idem_iff:
"f(x:=y) = f \ f x = y"
unfolding fun_upd_def
apply safe
apply (erule subst)
apply auto
done
lemma fun_upd_idem:
"f x = y \ f(x := y) = f"
by (simp only: fun_upd_idem_iff)
lemma fun_upd_triv [iff]:
"f(x := f x) = f"
by (simp only: fun_upd_idem)
lemma fun_upd_apply [simp]:
"(f(x := y)) z = (if z = x then y else f z)"
by (simp add: fun_upd_def)
(* fun_upd_apply supersedes these two, but they are useful
if fun_upd_apply is intentionally removed from the simpset *)
lemma fun_upd_same:
"(f(x := y)) x = y"
by simp
lemma fun_upd_other:
"z \ x \ (f(x := y)) z = f z"
by simp
lemma fun_upd_upd [simp]:
"f(x := y, x := z) = f(x := z)"
by (simp add: fun_eq_iff)
lemma fun_upd_twist:
"a \ c \ (m(a := b))(c := d) = (m(c := d))(a := b)"
by auto
lemma inj_on_fun_updI:
"inj_on f A \ y \ f ` A \ inj_on (f(x := y)) A"
by (auto simp: inj_on_def)
lemma fun_upd_image:
"f(x := y) ` A = (if x \ A then insert y (f ` (A - {x})) else f ` A)"
by auto
lemma fun_upd_comp:
"f \ (g(x := y)) = (f \ g)(x := f y)"
by auto
lemma fun_upd_eqD:
"f(x := y) = g(x := z) \ y = z"
by (simp add: fun_eq_iff split: if_split_asm)
subsection ‹‹override_on
››
definition override_on ::
"('a \ 'b) \ ('a \ 'b) \ 'a set \ 'a \ 'b"
where "override_on f g A = (\a. if a \ A then g a else f a)"
lemma override_on_emptyset[simp]:
"override_on f g {} = f"
by (simp add: override_on_def)
lemma override_on_apply_notin[simp]:
"a \ A \ (override_on f g A) a = f a"
by (simp add: override_on_def)
lemma override_on_apply_in[simp]:
"a \ A \ (override_on f g A) a = g a"
by (simp add: override_on_def)
lemma override_on_insert:
"override_on f g (insert x X) = (override_on f g X)(x:=g x)"
by (simp add: override_on_def fun_eq_iff)
lemma override_on_insert
': "override_on f g (insert x X) = (override_on (f(x:=g x)) g X)"
by (simp add: override_on_def fun_eq_iff)
subsection ‹Inversion of injective functions
›
definition the_inv_into ::
"'a set \ ('a \ 'b) \ ('b \ 'a)"
where "the_inv_into A f = (\x. THE y. y \ A \ f y = x)"
lemma the_inv_into_f_f:
"inj_on f A \ x \ A \ the_inv_into A f (f x) = x"
unfolding the_inv_into_def inj_on_def
by blast
lemma f_the_inv_into_f:
"inj_on f A \ y \ f ` A \ f (the_inv_into A f y) = y"
unfolding the_inv_into_def
by (rule the1I2; blast dest: inj_onD)
lemma f_the_inv_into_f_bij_betw:
"bij_betw f A B \ (bij_betw f A B \ x \ B) \ f (the_inv_into A f x) = x"
unfolding bij_betw_def
by (blast intro: f_the_inv_into_f)
lemma the_inv_into_into:
"inj_on f A \ x \ f ` A \ A \ B \ the_inv_into A f x \ B"
unfolding the_inv_into_def
by (rule the1I2; blast dest: inj_onD)
lemma the_inv_into_onto [simp]:
"inj_on f A \ the_inv_into A f ` (f ` A) = A"
by (fast intro: the_inv_into_into the_inv_into_f_f [symmetric])
lemma the_inv_into_f_eq:
"inj_on f A \ f x = y \ x \ A \ the_inv_into A f y = x"
by (force simp add: the_inv_into_f_f)
lemma the_inv_into_comp:
"inj_on f (g ` A) \ inj_on g A \ x \ f ` g ` A \
the_inv_into A (f
∘ g) x = (the_inv_into A g
∘ the_inv_into (g ` A) f) x
"
apply (rule the_inv_into_f_eq)
apply (fast intro: comp_inj_on)
apply (simp add: f_the_inv_into_f the_inv_into_into)
apply (simp add: the_inv_into_into)
done
lemma inj_on_the_inv_into:
"inj_on f A \ inj_on (the_inv_into A f) (f ` A)"
by (auto intro: inj_onI simp: the_inv_into_f_f)
lemma bij_betw_the_inv_into:
"bij_betw f A B \ bij_betw (the_inv_into A f) B A"
by (auto simp add: bij_betw_def inj_on_the_inv_into the_inv_into_into)
lemma bij_betw_iff_bijections:
"bij_betw f A B \ (\g. (\x \ A. f x \ B \ g(f x) = x) \ (\y \ B. g y \ A \ f(g y) = y))"
(
is "?lhs = ?rhs")
proof
show "?lhs \ ?rhs"
by (auto simp: bij_betw_def f_the_inv_into_f the_inv_into_f_f the_inv_into_into
exI[
where ?x=
"the_inv_into A f"])
next
show "?rhs \ ?lhs"
by (force intro: bij_betw_byWitness)
qed
abbreviation the_inv ::
"('a \ 'b) \ ('b \ 'a)"
where "the_inv f \ the_inv_into UNIV f"
lemma the_inv_f_f:
"the_inv f (f x) = x" if "inj f"
using that UNIV_I
by (rule the_inv_into_f_f)
subsection ‹Monotonicity
›
definition monotone_on ::
"'a set \ ('a \ 'a \ bool) \ ('b \ 'b \ bool) \ ('a \ 'b) \ bool"
where "monotone_on A orda ordb f \ (\x\A. \y\A. orda x y \ ordb (f x) (f y))"
abbreviation monotone ::
"('a \ 'a \ bool) \ ('b \ 'b \ bool) \ ('a \ 'b) \ bool"
where "monotone \ monotone_on UNIV"
lemma monotone_def[no_atp]:
"monotone orda ordb f \ (\x y. orda x y \ ordb (f x) (f y))"
by (simp add: monotone_on_def)
text ‹Lemma @{
thm [source] monotone_def}
is provided
for backward compatibility.
›
lemma monotone_onI:
"(\x y. x \ A \ y \ A \ orda x y \ ordb (f x) (f y)) \ monotone_on A orda ordb f"
by (simp add: monotone_on_def)
lemma monotoneI[intro?]:
"(\x y. orda x y \ ordb (f x) (f y)) \ monotone orda ordb f"
by (rule monotone_onI)
lemma monotone_onD:
"monotone_on A orda ordb f \ x \ A \ y \ A \ orda x y \ ordb (f x) (f y)"
by (simp add: monotone_on_def)
lemma monotoneD[dest?]:
"monotone orda ordb f \ orda x y \ ordb (f x) (f y)"
by (rule monotone_onD[of UNIV, simplified])
lemma monotone_on_subset:
"monotone_on A orda ordb f \ B \ A \ monotone_on B orda ordb f"
by (auto intro: monotone_onI dest: monotone_onD)
lemma monotone_on_empty[simp]:
"monotone_on {} orda ordb f"
by (auto intro: monotone_onI dest: monotone_onD)
lemma monotone_on_o:
assumes
mono_f:
"monotone_on A orda ordb f" and
mono_g:
"monotone_on B ordc orda g" and
"g ` B \ A"
shows "monotone_on B ordc ordb (f \ g)"
proof (rule monotone_onI)
fix x y
assume "x \ B" and "y \ B" and "ordc x y"
hence "orda (g x) (g y)"
by (rule mono_g[
THEN monotone_onD])
moreover from ‹g ` B
⊆ A
› ‹x
∈ B
› ‹y
∈ B
› have "g x \ A" and "g y \ A"
unfolding image_subset_iff
by simp_all
ultimately show "ordb ((f \ g) x) ((f \ g) y)"
using mono_f[
THEN monotone_onD]
by simp
qed
subsubsection
‹Specializations
For @{
class ord} Type
Class And More
›
context ord
begin
abbreviation mono_on ::
"'a set \ ('a \ 'b :: ord) \ bool"
where "mono_on A \ monotone_on A (\) (\)"
abbreviation strict_mono_on ::
"'a set \ ('a \ 'b :: ord) \ bool"
where "strict_mono_on A \ monotone_on A (<) (<)"
abbreviation antimono_on ::
"'a set \ ('a \ 'b :: ord) \ bool"
where "antimono_on A \ monotone_on A (\) (\x y. y \ x)"
abbreviation strict_antimono_on ::
"'a set \ ('a \ 'b :: ord) \ bool"
where "strict_antimono_on A \ monotone_on A (<) (\x y. y < x)"
lemma mono_on_def[no_atp]:
"mono_on A f \ (\r s. r \ A \ s \ A \ r \ s \ f r \ f s)"
by (auto simp add: monotone_on_def)
lemma strict_mono_on_def[no_atp]:
"strict_mono_on A f \ (\r s. r \ A \ s \ A \ r < s \ f r < f s)"
by (auto simp add: monotone_on_def)
text ‹Lemmas @{
thm [source] mono_on_def}
and @{
thm [source] strict_mono_on_def} are provid
ed for
backward compatibility.›
lemma mono_onI:
"(\r s. r \ A \ s \ A \ r \ s \ f r \ f s) \ mono_on A f"
by (rule monotone_onI)
lemma strict_mono_onI:
"(\r s. r \ A \ s \ A \ r < s \ f r < f s) \ strict_mono_on A f"
by (rule monotone_onI)
lemma mono_onD: "\mono_on A f; r \ A; s \ A; r \ s\ \ f r \ f s"
by (rule monotone_onD)
lemma strict_mono_onD: "\strict_mono_on A f; r \ A; s \ A; r < s\ \ f r < f s"
by (rule monotone_onD)
lemma mono_on_subset: "mono_on A f \ B \ A \ mono_on B f"
by (rule monotone_on_subset)
end
context order begin
abbreviation mono :: "('a \ 'b::order) \ bool"
where "mono \ mono_on UNIV"
abbreviation strict_mono :: "('a \ 'b::order) \ bool"
where "strict_mono \ strict_mono_on UNIV"
abbreviation antimono :: "('a \ 'b::order) \ bool"
where "antimono \ monotone (\) (\x y. y \ x)"
lemma mono_def[no_atp]: "mono f \ (\x y. x \ y \ f x \ f y)"
by (simp add: monotone_on_def)
lemma strict_mono_def[no_atp]: "strict_mono f \ (\x y. x < y \ f x < f y)"
by (simp add: monotone_on_def)
lemma antimono_def[no_atp]: "antimono f \ (\x y. x \ y \ f x \ f y)"
by (simp add: monotone_on_def)
text ‹Lemmas @{thm [source] mono_def}, @{thm [source] strict_mono_def}, and
@{thm [source] antimono_def} are provided for backward compatibility.›
lemma monoI [intro?]: "(\x y. x \ y \ f x \ f y) \ mono f"
by (rule monotoneI)
lemma strict_monoI [intro?]: "(\x y. x < y \ f x < f y) \ strict_mono f"
by (rule monotoneI)
lemma antimonoI [intro?]: "(\x y. x \ y \ f x \ f y) \ antimono f"
by (rule monotoneI)
lemma monoD [dest?]: "mono f \ x \ y \ f x \ f y"
by (rule monotoneD)
lemma strict_monoD [dest?]: "strict_mono f \ x < y \ f x < f y"
by (rule monotoneD)
lemma antimonoD [dest?]: "antimono f \ x \ y \ f x \ f y"
by (rule monotoneD)
lemma monoE:
assumes "mono f"
assumes "x \ y"
obtains "f x \ f y"
proof
from assms show "f x \ f y" by (simp add: mono_def)
qed
lemma antimonoE:
fixes f :: "'a \ 'b::order"
assumes "antimono f"
assumes "x \ y"
obtains "f x \ f y"
proof
from assms show "f x \ f y" by (simp add: antimono_def)
qed
end
lemma mono_imp_mono_on: "mono f \ mono_on A f"
by (rule monotone_on_subset[OF _ subset_UNIV])
lemma strict_mono_on_imp_mono_on: "strict_mono_on A f \ mono_on A f"
for f :: "'a::order \ 'b::preorder"
proof (intro mono_onI)
fix r s :: 'a assume asm: "r \ s" "strict_mono_on A f" "r \ A" "s \ A"
from this(1) consider "r < s" | "r = s" by fastforce
then show "f r \ f s"
proof(cases)
case 1
from strict_mono_onD[OF asm(2-4) this] show ?thesis by (fact order.strict_implies_order)
qed simp
qed
lemma strict_mono_mono [dest?]:
"strict_mono f \ mono f"
by (fact strict_mono_on_imp_mono_on)
lemma mono_on_ident: "mono_on S (\x. x)"
by (intro monotone_onI)
lemma mono_on_id: "mono_on S id"
unfolding id_def by (fact mono_on_ident)
lemma strict_mono_on_ident: "strict_mono_on S (\x. x)"
by (intro monotone_onI)
lemma strict_mono_on_id: "strict_mono_on S id"
unfolding id_def by (fact strict_mono_on_ident)
lemma mono_on_const:
fixes a :: "'b::preorder" shows "mono_on S (\x. a)"
by (intro monotone_onI order.refl)
lemma antimono_on_const:
fixes a :: "'b::preorder" shows "antimono_on S (\x. a)"
by (intro monotone_onI order.refl)
context linorder begin
lemma mono_on_strict_invE:
fixes f :: "'a \ 'b::preorder"
assumes "mono_on S f"
assumes "x \ S" "y \ S"
assumes "f x < f y"
obtains "x < y"
proof
show "x < y"
proof (rule ccontr)
assume "\ x < y"
then have "y \ x" by simp
with ‹mono_on S f› ‹x ∈ S› ‹y ∈ S› have "f y \ f x" by (simp only: monotone_onD)
with ‹f x < f y› show False by (simp add: preorder_class.less_le_not_le)
qed
qed
corollary mono_on_invE:
fixes f :: "'a \ 'b::preorder"
assumes "mono_on S f"
assumes "x \ S" "y \ S"
assumes "f x < f y"
obtains "x \ y"
using assms mono_on_strict_invE[of S f x y thesis] by simp
lemma strict_mono_on_eq:
assumes "strict_mono_on S (f::'a \ 'b::preorder)"
assumes "x \ S" "y \ S"
shows "f x = f y \ x = y"
proof
assume "f x = f y"
show "x = y" proof (cases x y rule: linorder_cases)
case less with assms have "f x < f y" by (simp add: monotone_onD)
with ‹f x = f y› show ?thesis by simp
next
case equal then show ?thesis .
next
case greater with assms have "f y < f x" by (simp add: monotone_onD)
with ‹f x = f y› show ?thesis by simp
qed
qed simp
lemma strict_mono_on_less_eq:
assumes "strict_mono_on S (f::'a \ 'b::preorder)"
assumes "x \ S" "y \ S"
shows "f x \ f y \ x \ y"
proof
assume "x \ y"
then show "f x \ f y"
using nless_le[of x y] monotone_onD[OF assms] order_less_imp_le[of "f x" "f y"]
by blast
next
assume "f x \ f y"
show "x \ y"
proof (rule ccontr)
assume "\ x \ y"
then have "y < x" by simp
with assms have "f y < f x" by (simp add: monotone_onD)
with ‹f x ≤ f y› show False by (simp add: preorder_class.less_le_not_le)
qed
qed
lemma strict_mono_on_less:
assumes "strict_mono_on S (f::'a \ _::preorder)"
assumes "x \ S" "y \ S"
shows "f x < f y \ x < y"
using assms strict_mono_on_eq[of S f x y]
by (auto simp add: strict_mono_on_less_eq preorder_class.less_le_not_le)
lemmas mono_invE = mono_on_invE[OF _ UNIV_I UNIV_I]
lemmas mono_strict_invE = mono_on_strict_invE[OF _ UNIV_I UNIV_I]
lemmas strict_mono_eq = strict_mono_on_eq[OF _ UNIV_I UNIV_I]
lemmas strict_mono_less_eq = strict_mono_on_less_eq[OF _ UNIV_I UNIV_I]
lemmas strict_mono_less = strict_mono_on_less[OF _ UNIV_I UNIV_I]
end
lemma strict_mono_inv:
fixes f :: "('a::linorder) \ ('b::linorder)"
assumes "strict_mono f" and "surj f" and inv: "\x. g (f x) = x"
shows "strict_mono g"
proof
fix x y :: 'b assume "x < y"
from ‹surj f› obtain x' y' where [simp]: "x = f x'" "y = f y'" by blast
with ‹x < y› and ‹strict_mono f› have "x' < y'" by (simp add: strict_mono_less)
with inv show "g x < g y" by simp
qed
lemma strict_mono_on_imp_inj_on:
fixes f :: "'a::linorder \ 'b::preorder"
assumes "strict_mono_on A f"
shows "inj_on f A"
proof (rule inj_onI)
fix x y assume "x \ A" "y \ A" "f x = f y"
thus "x = y"
by (cases x y rule: linorder_cases)
(auto dest: strict_mono_onD[OF assms, of x y] strict_mono_onD[OF assms, of y x])
qed
lemma strict_mono_on_leD:
fixes f :: "'a::order \ 'b::preorder"
assumes "strict_mono_on A f" "x \ A" "y \ A" "x \ y"
shows "f x \ f y"
proof (cases "x = y")
case True
then show ?thesis by simp
next
case False
with assms have "f x < f y"
using strict_mono_onD[OF assms(1)] by simp
then show ?thesis by (rule less_imp_le)
qed
lemma strict_mono_on_eqD:
fixes f :: "'c::linorder \ 'd::preorder"
assumes "strict_mono_on A f" "f x = f y" "x \ A" "y \ A"
shows "y = x"
using assms by (cases rule: linorder_cases) (auto dest: strict_mono_onD)
lemma mono_imp_strict_mono:
fixes f :: "'a::order \ 'b::order"
shows "\mono_on S f; inj_on f S\ \ strict_mono_on S f"
by (auto simp add: monotone_on_def order_less_le inj_on_eq_iff)
lemma strict_mono_iff_mono:
fixes f :: "'a::linorder \ 'b::order"
shows "strict_mono_on S f \ mono_on S f \ inj_on f S"
proof
show "strict_mono_on S f \ mono_on S f \ inj_on f S"
by (simp add: strict_mono_on_imp_inj_on strict_mono_on_imp_mono_on)
qed (auto intro: mono_imp_strict_mono)
lemma antimono_imp_strict_antimono:
fixes f :: "'a::order \ 'b::order"
shows "\antimono_on S f; inj_on f S\ \ strict_antimono_on S f"
by (auto simp add: monotone_on_def order_less_le inj_on_eq_iff)
lemma strict_antimono_iff_antimono:
fixes f :: "'a::linorder \ 'b::order"
shows "strict_antimono_on S f \ antimono_on S f \ inj_on f S"
proof
show "strict_antimono_on S f \ antimono_on S f \ inj_on f S"
by (force simp add: monotone_on_def intro: linorder_inj_onI)
qed (auto intro: antimono_imp_strict_antimono)
lemma mono_compose: "mono Q \ mono (\i x. Q i (f x))"
unfolding mono_def le_fun_def by auto
lemma mono_add:
fixes a :: "'a::ordered_ab_semigroup_add"
shows "mono ((+) a)"
by (simp add: add_left_mono monoI)
lemma (in semilattice_inf) mono_inf: "mono f \ f (A \ B) \ f A \ f B"
for f :: "'a \ 'b::semilattice_inf"
by (auto simp add: mono_def intro: Lattices.inf_greatest)
lemma (in semilattice_sup) mono_sup: "mono f \ f A \ f B \ f (A \ B)"
for f :: "'a \ 'b::semilattice_sup"
by (auto simp add: mono_def intro: Lattices.sup_least)
lemma monotone_on_sup_fun:
fixes f g :: "_ \ _:: semilattice_sup"
shows "monotone_on A P (\) f \ monotone_on A P (\) g \ monotone_on A P (\) (f \ g)"
by (auto intro: monotone_onI sup_mono dest: monotone_onD simp: sup_fun_def)
lemma monotone_on_inf_fun:
fixes f g :: "_ \ _:: semilattice_inf"
shows "monotone_on A P (\) f \ monotone_on A P (\) g \ monotone_on A P (\) (f \ g)"
by (auto intro: monotone_onI inf_mono dest: monotone_onD simp: inf_fun_def)
lemma antimonotone_on_sup_fun:
fixes f g :: "_ \ _:: semilattice_sup"
shows "monotone_on A P (\) f \ monotone_on A P (\) g \ monotone_on A P (\) (f \ g)"
by (auto intro: monotone_onI sup_mono dest: monotone_onD simp: sup_fun_def)
lemma antimonotone_on_inf_fun:
fixes f g :: "_ \ _:: semilattice_inf"
shows "monotone_on A P (\) f \ monotone_on A P (\) g \ monotone_on A P (\) (f \ g)"
by (auto intro: monotone_onI inf_mono dest: monotone_onD simp: inf_fun_def)
lemma (in linorder) min_of_mono: "mono f \ min (f m) (f n) = f (min m n)"
by (auto simp: mono_def Orderings.min_def min_def intro: Orderings.antisym)
lemma (in linorder) max_of_mono: "mono f \ max (f m) (f n) = f (max m n)"
by (auto simp: mono_def Orderings.max_def max_def intro: Orderings.antisym)
lemma (in linorder)
max_of_antimono: "antimono f \ max (f x) (f y) = f (min x y)" and
min_of_antimono: "antimono f \ min (f x) (f y) = f (max x y)"
by (auto simp: antimono_def Orderings.max_def max_def Orderings.min_def min_def intro!: antisym)
lemma (in linorder) strict_mono_imp_inj_on: "strict_mono f \ inj_on f A"
by (auto intro!: inj_onI dest: strict_mono_eq)
lemma mono_Int: "mono f \ f (A \ B) \ f A \ f B"
by (fact mono_inf)
lemma mono_Un: "mono f \ f A \ f B \ f (A \ B)"
by (fact mono_sup)
subsubsection ‹Least value operator›
lemma Least_mono: "mono f \ \x\S. \y\S. x \ y \ (LEAST y. y \ f ` S) = f (LEAST x. x \ S)"
for f :: "'a::order \ 'b::order"
🍋 ‹Courtesy of Stephan Merz›
apply clarify
apply (erule_tac P = "\x. x \ S" in LeastI2_order)
apply fast
apply (rule LeastI2_order)
apply (auto elim: monoD intro!: order_antisym)
done
subsection ‹Setup›
subsubsection ‹Proof tools›
text ‹Simplify terms of the form ‹f(…,x:=y,…,x:=z,…)› to ‹f(…,x:=z,…)››
simproc_setup fun_upd2 ("f(v := w, x := y)") = ‹
let
fun gen_fun_upd _ _ _ _ NONE = NONE
| gen_fun_upd A B x y (SOME f) = SOME 🍋‹fun_upd A B for f x y›
fun find_double (t as 🍋‹fun_upd A B for f x y›) =
let
fun find 🍋‹fun_upd _ _ for g v w› =
if v aconv x then SOME g
else gen_fun_upd A B v w (find g)
| find t = NONE
in gen_fun_upd A B x y (find f) end
val ss = simpset_of 🍋
in
fn _ => fn ctxt => fn ct =>
let val t = Thm.term_of ct in
find_double t |> Option.map (fn rhs =>
Goal.prove ctxt [] [] (Logic.mk_equals (t, rhs))
(fn _ =>
resolve_tac ctxt [eq_reflection] 1 THEN
resolve_tac ctxt @{thms ext} 1 THEN
simp_tac (put_simpset ss ctxt) 1))
end
end
›
subsubsection ‹Functorial structure of types›
ML_file ‹Tools/functor.ML›
functor map_fun: map_fun
by (simp_all add: fun_eq_iff)
functor vimage
by (simp_all add: fun_eq_iff vimage_comp)
text ‹Legacy theorem names›
lemmas o_def = comp_def
lemmas o_apply = comp_apply
lemmas o_assoc = comp_assoc [symmetric]
lemmas id_o = id_comp
lemmas o_id = comp_id
lemmas o_eq_dest = comp_eq_dest
lemmas o_eq_elim = comp_eq_elim
lemmas o_eq_dest_lhs = comp_eq_dest_lhs
lemmas o_eq_id_dest = comp_eq_id_dest
end