(* Title: HOL/Complete_Partial_Order.thy Author: Brian Huffman, Portland State University Author: Alexander Krauss, TU Muenchen *)
section‹Chain-complete partial orders and their fixpoints›
theory Complete_Partial_Order imports Product_Type begin
subsection‹Chains›
text‹ A chain is a totally-ordered set. Chains are parameterized over the order for maximal flexibility, since type classes are not enough. ›
definition chain :: "('a ==> 'a ==> bool) ==> 'a set ==> bool" where"chain ord S ⟷ (∀x∈S. ∀y∈S. ord x y ∨ ord y x)"
lemma chainI: assumes"∧x y. x ∈ S ==> y ∈ S ==> ord x y ∨ ord y x" shows"chain ord S" using assms unfolding chain_def by fast
lemma chainD: assumes"chain ord S"and"x ∈ S"and"y ∈ S" shows"ord x y ∨ ord y x" using assms unfolding chain_def by fast
lemma chainE: assumes"chain ord S"and"x ∈ S"and"y ∈ S" obtains"ord x y" | "ord y x" using assms unfolding chain_def by fast
lemma chain_empty: "chain ord {}" by (simp add: chain_def)
lemma chain_equality: "chain (=) A ⟷ (∀x∈A. ∀y∈A. x = y)" by (auto simp add: chain_def)
lemma chain_subset: "chain ord A ==> B ⊆ A ==> chain ord B" by (rule chainI) (blast dest: chainD)
lemma chain_imageI: assumes chain: "chain le_a Y" and mono: "∧x y. x ∈ Y ==> y ∈ Y ==> le_a x y ==> le_b (f x) (f y)" shows"chain le_b (f ` Y)" by (blast intro: chainI dest: chainD[OF chain] mono)
subsection‹Chain-complete partial orders›
text‹ A ‹ccpo›has a least upper bound for any chain. In particular, the empty set is a chain, so every ‹ccpo›must have a bottom element. ›
class ccpo = order + Sup + assumes ccpo_Sup_upper: "chain (≤) A ==> x ∈ A ==> x ≤ Sup A" assumes ccpo_Sup_least: "chain (≤) A ==> (∧x. x ∈ A ==> x ≤ z) ==> Sup A ≤ z" begin
lemma chain_singleton: "Complete_Partial_Order.chain (≤) {x}" by (rule chainI) simp
inductive_set iterates :: "('a ==> 'a) ==> 'a set" for f :: "'a ==> 'a" where
step: "x ∈ iterates f ==> f x ∈ iterates f"
| Sup: "chain (≤) M ==>∀x∈M. x ∈ iterates f ==> Sup M ∈ iterates f"
end
lemma iterates_le_f: "x ∈ iterates f ==> monotone (≤) (≤) f ==> x ≤ f x" by (induct x rule: iterates.induct)
(force dest: monotoneD intro!: ccpo_Sup_upper ccpo_Sup_least)+
lemma chain_iterates: assumes f: "monotone (≤) (≤) f" shows"chain (≤) (iterates f)" (is"chain _ ?C") proof (rule chainI) fix x y assume"x ∈ ?C""y ∈ ?C" thenshow"x ≤ y ∨ y ≤ x" proof (induct x arbitrary: y rule: iterates.induct) fix x y assume y: "y ∈ ?C" and IH: "∧z. z ∈ ?C ==> x ≤ z ∨ z ≤ x" from y show"f x ≤ y ∨ y ≤ f x" proof (induct y rule: iterates.induct) case (step y) with IH f show ?caseby (auto dest: monotoneD) next case (Sup M) thenhave chM: "chain (≤) M" and IH': "∧z. z ∈ M ==> f x ≤ z ∨ z ≤ f x"by auto show"f x ≤ Sup M ∨ Sup M ≤ f x" proof (cases "∃z∈M. f x ≤ z") case True thenhave"f x ≤ Sup M" by (blast intro: ccpo_Sup_upper[OF chM] order_trans) thenshow ?thesis .. next case False with IH' show ?thesis by (auto intro: ccpo_Sup_least[OF chM]) qed qed next case (Sup M y) show ?case proof (cases "∃x∈M. y ≤ x") case True thenhave"y ≤ Sup M" by (blast intro: ccpo_Sup_upper[OF Sup(1)] order_trans) thenshow ?thesis .. next case False with Sup show ?thesis by (auto intro: ccpo_Sup_least) qed qed qed
lemma fixp_unfold: assumes f: "monotone (≤) (≤) f" shows"fixp f = f (fixp f)" proof (rule order.antisym) show"fixp f ≤ f (fixp f)" by (intro iterates_le_f iterates_fixp f) have"f (fixp f) ≤ Sup (iterates f)" by (intro ccpo_Sup_upper chain_iterates f iterates.step iterates_fixp) thenshow"f (fixp f) ≤ fixp f" by (simp only: fixp_def) qed
lemma fixp_lowerbound: assumes f: "monotone (≤) (≤) f" and z: "f z ≤ z" shows"fixp f ≤ z" unfolding fixp_def proof (rule ccpo_Sup_least[OF chain_iterates[OF f]]) fix x assume"x ∈ iterates f" thenshow"x ≤ z" proof (induct x rule: iterates.induct) case (step x) from f ‹x ≤ z›have"f x ≤ f z"by (rule monotoneD) alsonote z finallyshow"f x ≤ z" . next case (Sup M) thenshow ?case by (auto intro: ccpo_Sup_least) qed qed
definition admissible :: "('a set ==> 'a) ==> ('a ==> 'a ==> bool) ==> ('a ==> bool) ==> bool" where"admissible lub ord P ⟷ (∀A. chain ord A ⟶ A ≠ {} ⟶ (∀x∈A. P x) ⟶ P (lub A))"
lemma admissibleI: assumes"∧A. chain ord A ==> A ≠ {} ==>∀x∈A. P x ==> P (lub A)" shows"ccpo.admissible lub ord P" using assms unfolding ccpo.admissible_def by fast
lemma admissibleD: assumes"ccpo.admissible lub ord P" assumes"chain ord A" assumes"A ≠ {}" assumes"∧x. x ∈ A ==> P x" shows"P (lub A)" using assms by (auto simp: ccpo.admissible_def)
setup‹Sign.map_naming Name_Space.parent_path›
lemma (in ccpo) fixp_induct: assumes adm: "ccpo.admissible Sup (≤) P" assumes mono: "monotone (≤) (≤) f" assumes bot: "P (Sup {})" assumes step: "∧x. P x ==> P (f x)" shows"P (fixp f)" unfolding fixp_def using adm chain_iterates[OF mono] proof (rule ccpo.admissibleD) show"iterates f ≠ {}" using bot_in_iterates by auto next fix x assume"x ∈ iterates f" thenshow"P x" proof (induct rule: iterates.induct) case prems: (step x) from this(2) show ?caseby (rule step) next case (Sup M) thenshow ?caseby (cases "M = {}") (auto intro: step bot ccpo.admissibleD adm) qed qed
lemma admissible_True: "ccpo.admissible lub ord (λx. True)" unfolding ccpo.admissible_def by simp
(*lemma admissible_False: "\<not> ccpo.admissible lub ord (\<lambda>x. False)" unfolding ccpo.admissible_def chain_def by simp *) lemma admissible_const: "ccpo.admissible lub ord (λx. t)" by (auto intro: ccpo.admissibleI)
lemma admissible_conj: assumes"ccpo.admissible lub ord (λx. P x)" assumes"ccpo.admissible lub ord (λx. Q x)" shows"ccpo.admissible lub ord (λx. P x ∧ Q x)" using assms unfolding ccpo.admissible_def by simp
lemma admissible_all: assumes"∧y. ccpo.admissible lub ord (λx. P x y)" shows"ccpo.admissible lub ord (λx. ∀y. P x y)" using assms unfolding ccpo.admissible_def by fast
lemma admissible_ball: assumes"∧y. y ∈ A ==> ccpo.admissible lub ord (λx. P x y)" shows"ccpo.admissible lub ord (λx. ∀y∈A. P x y)" using assms unfolding ccpo.admissible_def by fast
lemma chain_compr: "chain ord A ==> chain ord {x ∈ A. P x}" unfolding chain_def by fast
context ccpo begin
lemma admissible_disj: fixes P Q :: "'a ==> bool" assumes P: "ccpo.admissible Sup (≤) (λx. P x)" assumes Q: "ccpo.admissible Sup (≤) (λx. Q x)" shows"ccpo.admissible Sup (≤) (λx. P x ∨ Q x)" proof (rule ccpo.admissibleI) fix A :: "'a set" assume chain: "chain (≤) A" assume A: "A ≠ {}"and P_Q: "∀x∈A. P x ∨ Q x" have"(∃x∈A. P x) ∧ (∀x∈A. ∃y∈A. x ≤ y ∧ P y) ∨ (∃x∈A. Q x) ∧ (∀x∈A. ∃y∈A. x ≤ y ∧ Q y)"
(is"?P ∨ ?Q"is"?P1 ∧ ?P2 ∨ _") proof (rule disjCI) assume"¬ ?Q" then consider "∀x∈A. ¬ Q x" | a where"a ∈ A""∀y∈A. a ≤ y ⟶¬ Q y" by blast thenshow ?P proof cases case 1 with P_Q have"∀x∈A. P x"by blast with A show ?P by blast next case 2 note a = ‹a ∈ A› show ?P proof from P_Q 2 have *: "∀y∈A. a ≤ y ⟶ P y"by blast with a have"P a"by blast with a show ?P1 by blast show ?P2 proof fix x assume x: "x ∈ A" with chain a show"∃y∈A. x ≤ y ∧ P y" proof (rule chainE) assume le: "a ≤ x" with * a x have"P x"by blast with x le show ?thesis by blast next assume"a ≥ x" with a ‹P a›show ?thesis by blast qed qed qed qed qed moreover have"Sup A = Sup {x ∈ A. P x}"if"∧x. x∈A ==>∃y∈A. x ≤ y ∧ P y"for P proof (rule order.antisym) have chain_P: "chain (≤) {x ∈ A. P x}" by (rule chain_compr [OF chain]) show"Sup A ≤ Sup {x ∈ A. P x}" proof (rule ccpo_Sup_least [OF chain]) show"∧x. x ∈ A ==> x ≤⊔ {x ∈ A. P x}" by (blast intro: ccpo_Sup_upper[OF chain_P] order_trans dest: that) qed show"Sup {x ∈ A. P x} ≤ Sup A" apply (rule ccpo_Sup_least [OF chain_P]) apply (simp add: ccpo_Sup_upper [OF chain]) done qed ultimately
consider "∃x. x ∈ A ∧ P x""Sup A = Sup {x ∈ A. P x}"
| "∃x. x ∈ A ∧ Q x""Sup A = Sup {x ∈ A. Q x}" by blast thenshow"P (Sup A) ∨ Q (Sup A)" proof cases case 1 thenshow ?thesis using ccpo.admissibleD [OF P chain_compr [OF chain]] by force next case 2 thenshow ?thesis using ccpo.admissibleD [OF Q chain_compr [OF chain]] by force qed qed
end
instance complete_lattice ⊆ ccpo by standard (fast intro: Sup_upper Sup_least)+
lemma lfp_eq_fixp: assumes mono: "mono f" shows"lfp f = fixp f" proof (rule order.antisym) from mono have f': "monotone (≤) (≤) f" unfolding mono_def monotone_def . show"lfp f ≤ fixp f" by (rule lfp_lowerbound, subst fixp_unfold [OF f'], rule order_refl) show"fixp f ≤ lfp f" by (rule fixp_lowerbound [OF f']) (simp add: lfp_fixpoint [OF mono]) qed
hide_const (open) iterates fixp
end
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