(* Title: HOL/Algebra/Bij.thy Author: Florian Kammueller, with new proofs by L C Paulson
*)
theory Bij imports Group begin
section‹Bijections of a Set, Permutation and Automorphism Groups›
definition
Bij :: "'a set \ ('a \ 'a) set" 🍋‹Only extensional functions, since otherwise we get too many.› where"Bij S = extensional S \ {f. bij_betw f S S}"
definition
BijGroup :: "'a set \ ('a \ 'a) monoid" where"BijGroup S = (carrier = Bij S,
mult = λg ∈ Bij S. λf ∈ Bij S. compose S g f,
one = λx ∈ S. x)"
declare Id_compose [simp] compose_Id [simp]
lemma Bij_imp_extensional: "f \ Bij S \ f \ extensional S" by (simp add: Bij_def)
lemma Bij_imp_funcset: "f \ Bij S \ f \ S \ S" by (auto simp add: Bij_def bij_betw_imp_funcset)
subsection‹Bijections Form a Group›
lemma restrict_inv_into_Bij: "f \ Bij S \ (\x \ S. (inv_into S f) x) \ Bij S" by (simp add: Bij_def bij_betw_inv_into)
lemma id_Bij: "(\x\S. x) \ Bij S " by (auto simp add: Bij_def bij_betw_def inj_on_def)
lemma compose_Bij: "\x \ Bij S; y \ Bij S\ \ compose S x y \ Bij S" by (auto simp add: Bij_def bij_betw_compose)
lemma Bij_compose_restrict_eq: "f \ Bij S \ compose S (restrict (inv_into S f) S) f = (\x\S. x)" by (simp add: Bij_def compose_inv_into_id)
lemma Bij_inv_into_mem: "\ f \ Bij S; x \ S\ \ inv_into S f x \ S" by (simp add: Bij_def bij_betw_def inv_into_into)
lemma Bij_inv_into_lemma: assumes eq: "\x y. \x \ S; y \ S\ \ h(g x y) = g (h x) (h y)" and hg: "h \ Bij S""g \ S \ S \ S"and"x \ S""y \ S" shows"inv_into S h (g x y) = g (inv_into S h x) (inv_into S h y)" proof - have"h ` S = S" by (metis (no_types) Bij_def Int_iff assms(2) bij_betw_def mem_Collect_eq) with‹x ∈ S›‹y ∈ S›have"\x'\S. \y'\S. x = h x' \ y = h y'" by auto thenshow ?thesis using assms by (auto simp add: Bij_def bij_betw_def eq [symmetric] inv_f_f funcset_mem [THEN funcset_mem]) qed
definition
auto :: "('a, 'b) monoid_scheme \ ('a \ 'a) set" where"auto G = hom G G \ Bij (carrier G)"
lemma (in group) id_in_auto: "(\x \ carrier G. x) \ auto G" by (simp add: auto_def hom_def restrictI group.axioms id_Bij)
lemma (in group) mult_funcset: "mult G \ carrier G \ carrier G \ carrier G" by (simp add: Pi_I group.axioms)
lemma (in group) restrict_inv_into_hom: "\h \ hom G G; h \ Bij (carrier G)\ ==>restrict (inv_into (carrier G) h) (carrier G) ∈ hom G G" by (simp add: hom_def Bij_inv_into_mem restrictI mult_funcset
group.axioms Bij_inv_into_lemma)
lemma inv_BijGroup: "f \ Bij S \ m_inv (BijGroup S) f = (\x \ S. (inv_into S f) x)" apply (rule group.inv_equality [OF group_BijGroup]) apply (simp_all add:BijGroup_def restrict_inv_into_Bij Bij_compose_restrict_eq) done
lemma (in group) subgroup_auto: "subgroup (auto G) (BijGroup (carrier G))" proof (rule subgroup.intro) show"auto G \ carrier (BijGroup (carrier G))" by (force simp add: auto_def BijGroup_def) next fix x y assume"x \ auto G""y \ auto G" thus"x \\<^bsub>BijGroup (carrier G)\<^esub> y \ auto G" by (force simp add: BijGroup_def is_group auto_def Bij_imp_funcset
group.hom_compose compose_Bij) next show"\\<^bsub>BijGroup (carrier G)\<^esub> \ auto G"by (simp add: BijGroup_def id_in_auto) next fix x assume"x \ auto G" thus"inv\<^bsub>BijGroup (carrier G)\<^esub> x \ auto G" by (simp del: restrict_apply
add: inv_BijGroup auto_def restrict_inv_into_Bij restrict_inv_into_hom) qed
theorem (in group) AutoGroup: "group (AutoGroup G)" by (simp add: AutoGroup_def subgroup.subgroup_is_group subgroup_auto
group_BijGroup)
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