<Section Label="IdempotIrr">
<Heading>Computing idempotents from character table</Heading>
<ManSection>
<Oper Name="PrimitiveCentralIdempotentsByCharacterTable"
Arg="FG" />
<Returns>
A list of group algebra elements.
</Returns>
<Description>
The input <A>FG</A> should be a semisimple group algebra.
<P/>
Returns the list of primitive central idempotents of <A>FG</A>
using the character table of <M>G</M> (<Ref Sect="Idempotents" />).
<Section Label="IdempotTesting">
<Heading>Testing lists of idempotents for completeness</Heading>
<ManSection>
<Oper Name="IsCompleteSetOfOrthogonalIdempotents"
Arg="R list" />
<Description>
The input should be formed by a unital ring <A>R</A>
and a list <A>list</A> of elements of <A>R</A>. <P/>
Returns <K>true</K> if the list <A>list</A> is a complete list
of orthogonal idempotents of <A>R</A>.
That is, the output is <K>true</K> provided the following conditions are satisfied:<P/>
<M>\cdot</M> The sum of the elements of <A>list</A> is the
identity of <A>R</A>, <P/>
<M>\cdot</M> <M>e^2=e</M>, for every <M>e</M> in <A>list</A> and <P/>
<M>\cdot</M> <M>e*f=0</M>, if <M>e</M> and <M>f</M> are elements in different
positions of <A>list</A>. <P/>
No claim is made on the idempotents being central or primitive.
<P/>
Note that the if a non-zero element <M>t</M> of <A>R</A>
appears in two different positions of <A>list</A>
then the output is <K>false</K>, and that the list <A>list</A>
must not contain zeroes.
<ManSection>
<Attr Name="PrimitiveCentralIdempotentsByESSP"
Arg="QG"
Comm="The PCIs realizable by ESSPs" />
<Returns>
A list of group algebra elements.
</Returns>
<Description>
The input <A>QG</A> should be a semisimple rational group algebra
of a finite group <M>G</M>. <P/>
The output is the list of primitive central idempotents of the group algebra
<A>QG</A> realizable by extremely strong Shoda pairs (<Ref Sect="ESSPDef" />)
of <M>G</M>. <P/>
If the list of primitive central idempotents given by the output is
not complete (i.e. if the group <M>G</M> is not <E> normally monomial</E>
(<Ref Sect="NorMon" />)) then a warning is displayed.
<Example>
<![CDATA[
gap> QG:=GroupRing( Rationals, DihedralGroup(16) );;
gap> PrimitiveCentralIdempotentsByESSP( QG );
[ (1/16)*<identity> of ...+(1/16)*f1+(1/16)*f2+(1/16)*f3+(1/16)*f4+(1/ 16)*f1*f2+(1/16)*f1*f3+(1/16)*f1*f4+(1/16)*f2*f3+(1/16)*f2*f4+(1/ 16)*f3*f4+(1/16)*f1*f2*f3+(1/16)*f1*f2*f4+(1/16)*f1*f3*f4+(1/ 16)*f2*f3*f4+(1/16)*f1*f2*f3*f4, (1/16)*<identity> of ...+(-1/16)*f1+(-1/ 16)*f2+(1/16)*f3+(1/16)*f4+(1/16)*f1*f2+(-1/16)*f1*f3+(-1/16)*f1*f4+(-1/ 16)*f2*f3+(-1/16)*f2*f4+(1/16)*f3*f4+(1/16)*f1*f2*f3+(1/16)*f1*f2*f4+(-1/ 16)*f1*f3*f4+(-1/16)*f2*f3*f4+(1/16)*f1*f2*f3*f4,
(1/16)*<identity> of ...+(-1/16)*f1+(1/16)*f2+(1/16)*f3+(1/16)*f4+(-1/ 16)*f1*f2+(-1/16)*f1*f3+(-1/16)*f1*f4+(1/16)*f2*f3+(1/16)*f2*f4+(1/ 16)*f3*f4+(-1/16)*f1*f2*f3+(-1/16)*f1*f2*f4+(-1/16)*f1*f3*f4+(1/ 16)*f2*f3*f4+(-1/16)*f1*f2*f3*f4, (1/16)*<identity> of ...+(1/16)*f1+(-1/ 16)*f2+(1/16)*f3+(1/16)*f4+(-1/16)*f1*f2+(1/16)*f1*f3+(1/16)*f1*f4+(-1/ 16)*f2*f3+(-1/16)*f2*f4+(1/16)*f3*f4+(-1/16)*f1*f2*f3+(-1/16)*f1*f2*f4+(1/ 16)*f1*f3*f4+(-1/16)*f2*f3*f4+(-1/16)*f1*f2*f3*f4,
(1/4)*<identity> of ...+(-1/4)*f3+(1/4)*f4+(-1/4)*f3*f4,
(1/2)*<identity> of ...+(-1/2)*f4 ]
gap> QG := GroupRing( Rationals, SmallGroup(24,12) );;
gap> PrimitiveCentralIdempotentsByESSP( QG );
Wedderga: Warning!!!
The output is a NON-COMPLETE list of prim. central idemp.s of the input!
[ (1/24)*<identity> of ...+(1/24)*f1+(1/24)*f2+(1/24)*f3+(1/24)*f4+(1/ 24)*f1*f2+(1/24)*f1*f3+(1/24)*f1*f4+(1/24)*f2^2+(1/24)*f2*f3+(1/ 24)*f2*f4+(1/24)*f3*f4+(1/24)*f1*f2^2+(1/24)*f1*f2*f3+(1/24)*f1*f2*f4+(1/ 24)*f1*f3*f4+(1/24)*f2^2*f3+(1/24)*f2^2*f4+(1/24)*f2*f3*f4+(1/24)*f1*f2^ 2*f3+(1/24)*f1*f2^2*f4+(1/24)*f1*f2*f3*f4+(1/24)*f2^2*f3*f4+(1/24)*f1*f2^ 2*f3*f4, (1/24)*<identity> of ...+(-1/24)*f1+(1/24)*f2+(1/24)*f3+(1/ 24)*f4+(-1/24)*f1*f2+(-1/24)*f1*f3+(-1/24)*f1*f4+(1/24)*f2^2+(1/ 24)*f2*f3+(1/24)*f2*f4+(1/24)*f3*f4+(-1/24)*f1*f2^2+(-1/24)*f1*f2*f3+(-1/ 24)*f1*f2*f4+(-1/24)*f1*f3*f4+(1/24)*f2^2*f3+(1/24)*f2^2*f4+(1/ 24)*f2*f3*f4+(-1/24)*f1*f2^2*f3+(-1/24)*f1*f2^2*f4+(-1/24)*f1*f2*f3*f4+(1/ 24)*f2^2*f3*f4+(-1/24)*f1*f2^2*f3*f4, (1/6)*<identity> of ...+(-1/12)*f2+( 1/6)*f3+(1/6)*f4+(-1/12)*f2^2+(-1/12)*f2*f3+(-1/12)*f2*f4+(1/6)*f3*f4+(-1/ 12)*f2^2*f3+(-1/12)*f2^2*f4+(-1/12)*f2*f3*f4+(-1/12)*f2^2*f3*f4 ]
]]>
</Example>
</Description>
</ManSection>
<Heading>Idempotents from Shoda pairs</Heading>
<ManSection>
<Attr Name="PrimitiveCentralIdempotentsByStrongSP"
Arg="FG"
Comm="The PCIs realizable by SSPs" />
<Returns>
A list of group algebra elements.
</Returns>
<Description>
The input <A>FG</A> should be a semisimple group algebra
of a finite group <M>G</M> whose coefficient field
<M>F</M> is either a finite field or the field <M>&QQ;</M>
of rationals. <P/>
If <M> F = &QQ; </M> then the output is the list of primitive central
idempotents of the group algebra <A>FG</A> realizable by strong
Shoda pairs (<Ref Sect="SSPDef" />) of <M>G</M>. <P/>
If <M>F</M> is a finite field then the output is the list of primitive
central idempotents of <A>FG</A> realizable by strong Shoda pairs
<M>(K,H)</M> of <M>G</M> and <M>q</M>-cyclotomic classes modulo the
index of <M>H</M> in <M>K</M> (<Ref Sect="CyclotomicClass" />). <P/>
If the list of primitive central idempotents given by the output is
not complete (i.e. if the group <M>G</M> is not <E>strongly monomial</E>
(<Ref Sect="StMon" />)) then a warning is displayed.
<Example>
<![CDATA[
gap> QG:=GroupRing( Rationals, AlternatingGroup(4) );;
gap> PrimitiveCentralIdempotentsByStrongSP( QG );
[ (1/12)*()+(1/12)*(2,3,4)+(1/12)*(2,4,3)+(1/12)*(1,2)(3,4)+(1/12)*(1,2,3)+(1/ 12)*(1,2,4)+(1/12)*(1,3,2)+(1/12)*(1,3,4)+(1/12)*(1,3)(2,4)+(1/12)*
(1,4,2)+(1/12)*(1,4,3)+(1/12)*(1,4)(2,3),
(1/6)*()+(-1/12)*(2,3,4)+(-1/12)*(2,4,3)+(1/6)*(1,2)(3,4)+(-1/12)*(1,2,3)+(
-1/12)*(1,2,4)+(-1/12)*(1,3,2)+(-1/12)*(1,3,4)+(1/6)*(1,3)(2,4)+(-1/12)*
(1,4,2)+(-1/12)*(1,4,3)+(1/6)*(1,4)(2,3),
(3/4)*()+(-1/4)*(1,2)(3,4)+(-1/4)*(1,3)(2,4)+(-1/4)*(1,4)(2,3) ]
gap> QG := GroupRing( Rationals, SmallGroup(24,3) );;
gap> PrimitiveCentralIdempotentsByStrongSP( QG );;
Wedderga: Warning!!!
The output is a NON-COMPLETE list of prim. central idemp.s of the input!
gap> FG := GroupRing( GF(2), Group((1,2,3)) );;
gap> PrimitiveCentralIdempotentsByStrongSP( FG );
[ (Z(2)^0)*()+(Z(2)^0)*(1,2,3)+(Z(2)^0)*(1,3,2),
(Z(2)^0)*(1,2,3)+(Z(2)^0)*(1,3,2) ]
gap> FG := GroupRing( GF(5), SmallGroup(24,3) );;
gap> PrimitiveCentralIdempotentsByStrongSP( FG );;
Wedderga: Warning!!!
The output is a NON-COMPLETE list of prim. central idemp.s of the input!
]]>
</Example>
</Description>
</ManSection>
<ManSection>
<Func Name="PrimitiveCentralIdempotentsBySP"
Arg="QG"
Comm="The list of PCIs of QG realizable by Shoda pairs" />
<Returns>
A list of group algebra elements.
</Returns>
<Description>
The input should be a rational group algebra of a finite group <M>G</M>. <P/>
Returns a list containing all the primitive central idempotents <M>e</M>
of the rational group algebra <A>QG</A> such that <M>\chi(e)\ne 0</M>
for some irreducible monomial character <M>\chi</M> of <M>G</M>. <P/>
The output is the list of all primitive central idempotents of <A>QG</A>
if and only if <M>G</M> is monomial, otherwise a warning message is displayed.
<Example>
<![CDATA[
gap> QG := GroupRing( Rationals, SymmetricGroup(4) );
<algebra-with-one over Rationals, with 2 generators>
gap> pci:=PrimitiveCentralIdempotentsBySP( QG );
[ (1/24)*()+(1/24)*(3,4)+(1/24)*(2,3)+(1/24)*(2,3,4)+(1/24)*(2,4,3)+(1/24)*
(2,4)+(1/24)*(1,2)+(1/24)*(1,2)(3,4)+(1/24)*(1,2,3)+(1/24)*(1,2,3,4)+(1/ 24)*(1,2,4,3)+(1/24)*(1,2,4)+(1/24)*(1,3,2)+(1/24)*(1,3,4,2)+(1/24)*
(1,3)+(1/24)*(1,3,4)+(1/24)*(1,3)(2,4)+(1/24)*(1,3,2,4)+(1/24)*(1,4,3,2)+( 1/24)*(1,4,2)+(1/24)*(1,4,3)+(1/24)*(1,4)+(1/24)*(1,4,2,3)+(1/24)*(1,4)
(2,3), (1/24)*()+(-1/24)*(3,4)+(-1/24)*(2,3)+(1/24)*(2,3,4)+(1/24)*
(2,4,3)+(-1/24)*(2,4)+(-1/24)*(1,2)+(1/24)*(1,2)(3,4)+(1/24)*(1,2,3)+(-1/ 24)*(1,2,3,4)+(-1/24)*(1,2,4,3)+(1/24)*(1,2,4)+(1/24)*(1,3,2)+(-1/24)*
(1,3,4,2)+(-1/24)*(1,3)+(1/24)*(1,3,4)+(1/24)*(1,3)(2,4)+(-1/24)*
(1,3,2,4)+(-1/24)*(1,4,3,2)+(1/24)*(1,4,2)+(1/24)*(1,4,3)+(-1/24)*(1,4)+(
-1/24)*(1,4,2,3)+(1/24)*(1,4)(2,3), (3/8)*()+(-1/8)*(3,4)+(-1/8)*(2,3)+(
-1/8)*(2,4)+(-1/8)*(1,2)+(-1/8)*(1,2)(3,4)+(1/8)*(1,2,3,4)+(1/8)*
(1,2,4,3)+(1/8)*(1,3,4,2)+(-1/8)*(1,3)+(-1/8)*(1,3)(2,4)+(1/8)*(1,3,2,4)+( 1/8)*(1,4,3,2)+(-1/8)*(1,4)+(1/8)*(1,4,2,3)+(-1/8)*(1,4)(2,3),
(3/8)*()+(1/8)*(3,4)+(1/8)*(2,3)+(1/8)*(2,4)+(1/8)*(1,2)+(-1/8)*(1,2)(3,4)+(
-1/8)*(1,2,3,4)+(-1/8)*(1,2,4,3)+(-1/8)*(1,3,4,2)+(1/8)*(1,3)+(-1/8)*(1,3)
(2,4)+(-1/8)*(1,3,2,4)+(-1/8)*(1,4,3,2)+(1/8)*(1,4)+(-1/8)*(1,4,2,3)+(-1/ 8)*(1,4)(2,3), (1/6)*()+(-1/12)*(2,3,4)+(-1/12)*(2,4,3)+(1/6)*(1,2)(3,4)+(
-1/12)*(1,2,3)+(-1/12)*(1,2,4)+(-1/12)*(1,3,2)+(-1/12)*(1,3,4)+(1/6)*(1,3)
(2,4)+(-1/12)*(1,4,2)+(-1/12)*(1,4,3)+(1/6)*(1,4)(2,3) ]
gap> IsCompleteSetOfPCIs(QG,pci);
true
gap> QS5 := GroupRing( Rationals, SymmetricGroup(5) );;
gap> pci:=PrimitiveCentralIdempotentsBySP( QS5 );;
Wedderga: Warning!!
The output is a NON-COMPLETE list of prim. central idemp.s of the input!
gap> IsCompleteSetOfPCIs( QS5 , pci );
false
]]>
</Example>
The output of <Ref Func="PrimitiveCentralIdempotentsBySP" /> contains
the output of <Ref Func="PrimitiveCentralIdempotentsByStrongSP" />,
possibly properly.
<Example>
<![CDATA[
gap> QG := GroupRing( Rationals, SmallGroup(48,28) );;
gap> pci:=PrimitiveCentralIdempotentsBySP( QG );;
Wedderga: Warning!!
The output is a NON-COMPLETE list of prim. central idemp.s of the input!
gap> Length(pci); 6
gap> spci:=PrimitiveCentralIdempotentsByStrongSP( QG );;
Wedderga: Warning!!!
The output is a NON-COMPLETE list of prim. central idemp.s of the input!
gap> Length(spci); 5
gap> IsSubset(pci,spci);
true
gap> QG:=GroupRing(Rationals,SmallGroup(1000,86));
<algebra-with-one over Rationals, with 6 generators>
gap> IsCompleteSetOfPCIs( QG , PrimitiveCentralIdempotentsBySP(QG) );
true
gap> IsCompleteSetOfPCIs( QG , PrimitiveCentralIdempotentsByStrongSP(QG) );
Wedderga: Warning!!!
The output is a NON-COMPLETE list of prim. central idemp.s of the input!
false
]]>
</Example>
</Description>
</ManSection>
</Section>
<Section Label="PI">
<Heading>Complete set of orthogonal primitive idempotents from Shoda pairs and cyclotomic classes</Heading>
<ManSection>
<Oper Name="PrimitiveIdempotentsNilpotent"
Arg="FG,H,K,C,args"
Comm="The PIs realized by a SSP and a cyclotomic class for a nilpotent group G" />
<Returns>
A list of orthogonal primitive idempotents.
</Returns>
<Description>
The input <A>FG</A> should be a semisimple group algebra
of a finite nilpotent group <M>G</M> whose coefficient field
<M>F</M> is a finite field.
<A>H</A> and <A>K</A> should form a strong Shoda pair <M>(H,K)</M> of <M>G</M>.
<A>args</A> is a list containing an epimorphism map <A>epi</A> from <M>N_G(K)</M> to <M>N_G(K)/K</M>
and a generator <A>gq</A> of <M>H/K</M>.
<M>C</M> is the <M>|F|</M>-cyclotomic class modulo <M>[H:K]</M>
(w.r.t. the generator <M>gq</M> of <M>H/K</M>) <P/>
The output is a complete set of orthogonal primitive idempotents
of the simple algebra <M>FGe_C(G,H,K)</M> (<Ref Sect="TheoryPI" />).
<ManSection>
<Oper Name="PrimitiveIdempotentsTrivialTwisting"
Arg="FG,H,K,C,args"
Comm="The PIs realized by a SSP and a cyclotomic class for a simple component with trivial twisting" />
<Returns>
A list of orthogonal primitive idempotents.
</Returns>
<Description>
The input <A>FG</A> should be a semisimple group algebra
of a finite group <M>G</M> whose coefficient field
<M>F</M> is a finite field.
<A>H</A> and <A>K</A> should form a strong Shoda pair <M>(H,K)</M> of <M>G</M>.
<A>args</A> is a list containing an epimorphism map <A>epi</A> from <M>N_G(K)</M> to <M>N_G(K)/K</M>
and a generator <A>gq</A> of <M>H/K</M>.
<M>C</M> is the <M>|F|</M>-cyclotomic class modulo <M>[H:K]</M>
(w.r.t. the generator <M>gq</M> of <M>H/K</M>).
The input parameters should be such that the simple component <M>FGe_C(G,H,K)</M> has a trivial twisting. <P/>
The output is a complete set of orthogonal primitive idempotents
of the simple algebra <M>FGe_C(G,H,K)</M> (<Ref Sect="TheoryPI" />).
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