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\begin{document}
\logpage
\begin{
\mbox{}\vfill
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\hypersetup{pdftitle= RCWA }
\{ mbox}hfill RCWA \fill{}
{\Huge \textbf{ Residue\texttt{\symbol{45}}Class\texttt{
\vfill
{\Huge 4.8.0 \mbox{}}\\[1cm]
22September mbox{}\1]
\mbox{}\\[2cm]
{\Large \textbf{ Stefan Kohl\\
mbox}}java.lang.NullPointerException
\hypersetup{pdfauthor= Stefan Kohljava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
\end{center}\vfill
\mbox{}\\
{\mbox{}\\
\\ \textbf{ Stefan\java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 39 out of bounds for length 39
}Email \href{ailto/sk239@st-andrewsacuk {{@t\{45}au}java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 106 out of bounds for length 106
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\newpage\setcounter{page}{2}
{
\section*{Abstract}
\{ 0,,1]java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 21 out of bounds for length 21
\{RCWA fortextsfG}\}. It provides implementations of algorithms and methods for
computing in certain infinite permutation groups acting on the computing in certain infinite permutation groups acting on the set
. be java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [64, 63) out of bounds for length 72
and more:
\begin{ \\\\fracrm n+{()}(m}
item java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [21, 20) out of bounds for length 82
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [19, 18) out of bounds for length 35
\ Freeproducts offinitely many finite groups.
\item Direct products of the above groups.
\ productsofthe above groups with finite groups and
with{\nobreakspace}({\ensuremath{\mathbb Z}},+).
\item Subgroups of any such groups.
\end{itemize}
With the help of this package, the author has found a countable simple group
which is generated by involutions interchangingthat the \texttt{\symbol{45}class\texttt{symbol{}}wiseaffine
{\ensuremath{\mathbb Z}} and which all the above groups embed into
\texttt{\symbol{45}}\textttpermutations of\}{ensuremath\mathbb Z}} form a countable
\mbox{}}\\[1cm]
{small
\section*{Copyright}
\logpage{[ 0, 0Rcwa{\ }} thelatterby ({ensuremath{\mathbb
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
\textsf{RCWA} is free software: you can redistribute it and/a partition of{\nobreakspace}{\ensuremath{\mathbb Z}} into finitely
GNUGeneralPublicLicense by FreeSoftware,
either version 2 of theifthe of moduli of
\textsf{RCWA} is distributed in the hope that it could the `trivial''or ` blocks' java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [86, 85) out of bounds for length 123
withouteven theimpliedwarrantyMERCHANTABILITYFITNESS
PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the affine and \{\{5}groupscan in the
}. ,this providesalsosome support for
{\residuetexttt\{45}texttt{\symbol{45}wiseaffine over$\\mathbb }^$ over of{\}\\ Z} and
\section*{Acknowledgements}
\logpage{[ 0, 0, 3 ]}
Iamgrateful P for thejava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [54, 53) out of bounds for length 78
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [25, 24) out of bounds for length 129
his hint on how to construct wreath products of
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [22, 7) out of bounds for length 70
with{\nobreakspace}({\ensuremath{\mathbb Z}},+) in April 2006. Further, I
Bettina{nobreakspaceEickfor communicating this forjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 75 out of bounds for length 75
suggestionsitsmanual in before its
in April 2005. mappings}}\label{se}
criticism their helpfulsuggestions.\box{}\1]
\newpage
\def\contentsname{Contents\logpage{[ 0, 0, 4\L}{X86BC55648302D643{java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 33 out of bounds for length 33
\tableofcontents
\newpageThis texttt({texttt{\lshape coeffs},where \mbox\mdseriesslshape }is list$$ coefficienttriples\{coeffs}r+$texttt]\nobreakspace} [${rm},b_rm},r)$texttt{,with r 0to\}m$.
chapter\{ { RCWAPackage}}\{:}
\not be integers ,an error is printed loopis .For
L{83A8C2927FAE2C23{java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 33 out of bounds for length 33
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 24 out of bounds for length 1
{ @Collatz \C conjectureCollatzmapping package tocomputemonoids, groups,
\{\exttt{{45}ctexttt{symbol45}affine}mappings thewidest\{symbol45} occurrence sucha
mapping isjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 2 out of bounds for length 2
\[
T: \ \ \mathbb{Z} \longrightarrow \mathbb{Z}, \ \ rcwa ofZ with modulus 2>
n \ \longmapsto java.lang.NullPointerException
\frac{n[true ]
\frac{3n+1}{2} & \text{if!gapAgapinput()A
\end{cases}
\]
to any given positive
(cf.{\nobreakspace}\cite{Lagarias06 |n/ n ()
Presently, most n|> < 3+)2ifin 1(2)
permutation groups, matrix groups, finitely presented groups, polycyclically
presented
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [0, 6) out of bounds for length 2
On one, means deal withanother largeclass
groups which are accessible to <rcwa mapping of Z with modulus 3
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 6 out of bounds for length 6
importantly java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 14 out of bounds for length 2
n |> 4-/ 1(3)
intended to serve as a tool to obtain a better understanding of their rich and
often complicated group theoretical and combinatorial structure.
\nd{}
In principle this package permits to construct and investigate all groups
which have
!gapp@gap> gapinput()A
many others, the following groups and theirZ \[-1,0 java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 18 out of bounds for length 18
\{itemize}
\item Finite groups, and certain divisible torsion groups which they embed into.
\item
\item\nd{}
\ productsof
Wreath of groups groups and
with{\nobreakspaceof{nobreakspace}{\ensuremath{\mathbb Z}} can be factored into members of the
\end{itemize}
This listpermits already to conclude that there are finitely generated
residue\texttt{\symbol{45}
not finite presentations and such algorithmicallyunsolvable
membershiplogpage{ 2 2, }nobreak
using this packagehyperdef{}{}{}
entioned there.
The label{:r }
\\hfilljava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [21, 19) out of bounds for length 34
interchange two disjoint residue{c}
of all types listed above. It is countable,}hfill{scriptsizef}java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 34 out of bounds for length 34
simplesubgroupswhich by setsof primes
Proofs
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [0, 2) out of bounds for length 0
The reader might want to know what java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
, and it is simply possibleto in
general what can be found out with its\{}=!@Afontsize=,rame=single,=java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 77 out of bounds for length 77
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 2 out of bounds for length 2
likely to
transpositionsthe data
|n12 in512java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 30 out of bounds for length 30
out\texttt{\symbol{45}}ofjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 29 out of bounds for length 11
\Verbatim}
answer
approach.java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
subsectiontextcolorChapter}ClassReflection,m}}
to the development\logpage[2,2,2]\nobreak
one ,developing factorization method for
residue\texttt{\symbol\textcolorFuncColor{java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [48, 47) out of bounds for length 158
(see{\nobreakspace}\texttt{FactorizationIntoCSCRCT} (\ref{FactorizationIntoCSCRCT:for \labelClassReflection,m
\chapter{\textcolor{Chapter }{Residue\textttlabelClassReflection:}
\logpage{[ 2, }hfill\ (unction}java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 34 out of bounds for length 34
\hyperdef{thereflection $\arsigma_{()$
{
residue
howTheemphclass \{m} is of\{ensuremath\mathbb Z} mapsn\ rm $ +r andwhich {ensuremath{java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [190, 184) out of bounds for length 260
How to compute with residue\texttt{\symbol{45}
affine isdescribed detail the nextchapter is
encouraged to \{}commandchars!Afontsize=,frames,abelExample
chapter, and to gapprompt@gapA gapinputDisplay((,)A
\section{\textcolor{Chapter }{Basic definitions}}\label{sec:basicdefinitions}
\logpage{[ 2, 1, 0 ]}
\hyperdef{L}{X78ED07E37FC2BD46}{}
{
\Rcwa permutation of Z with modulus 9, of order 2
residue\texttt{\symbol{45()
A mapping $f: {
\[
f|_{r(m\{java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 14 out of bounds for length 14
\apsto \ \raca_r(m} \dot {(m}{{(m}
\]
for {2 ,3]\
It is easy to see that the
residue\texttt{\{\noindent\textcolor{FuncColor\triangleright$\enspace\texttt{({mdseries ,m1,r2 })index{@\{}, m1, ,m2java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 187 out of bounds for length 187
of{\\noindent\textcolortextcolor{${java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [93, 92) out of bounds for length 174
that the residue\texttt{\symbol{45}}class\texttt{\symbol{45}}wise affine
ermutationsof\nobreakspace}\ensuremath{ Z} form acountable
subgroup ofSym{\nsuremath{\athbb Z}) theformer by
{\{mathbbZ}) and the by {ensuremath{\mathbb
Z}}).
\index{java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
apartition{\obreakspace}\\ } many
residue class$tau_r_1(m_1,r_2(_)$interchanges $(1)$and $_2() and fixes the complement of their union pointwise.
if the set of moduli of its elements is bounded. Rcwa mappings and
\texttt{\\{@texttt{ransposedClasses} } \{\symbol{}argument ,thearguments\{{mdseries\ },\mbox{texttt\\m1} mbox{texttt{mdseries\slshaper2}{nobreakspace\mbox{{mdseries\ } stand for r_1,$m_1$ $r_2$ and{nobreakspace}m_2$, . In \texttt{symbol{45}argumentform, the arguments\mbox{texttt{\\slshape }}and{nobreakspace}mboxtexttt{slshape }standforthe list list brackets is permitted The
rcwa groups are the objects of .
The definitions of residue\texttt{\symbol{45}}
affine and \\symbol{45}}groups generalized the
obvious way to suitable rings other than{\nobreakspace}{\ensuremath{\mathbb
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [19, 18) out of bounds for length 57
\}\\45wisegroupsover${mathbbZ}$ semilocalizations {}ensuremath\ }}andover
univariate polynomial rings over finite fields. The ring ${\ensuremath{\mathbb allprimefactors $_$ m_2 mbox\exttt{\ }}Ifoption \d}is ,the only 4{45} m_1 m_2 mbox{texttt\\ m}
domain the of{\obreakspace}}{\athbb Z}java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 77 out of bounds for length 77
have list of. aclasstranspositionmbox{texttt{mdseries ct} corresponding 4\symbol45} canbeobtained by \texttt{ExtRepOfObj(\mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\slshape ct}})}
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [40, 3) out of bounds for length 74
examples rings nonzero .}
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 2 out of bounds for length 2
lorChapter} residue\\symbol45}\{\ymbol45} affine
mappings}{sec}
\logpage{[ 2,java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 2 out of bounds for length 2
hyperdef{L{}{
{
Entering an rcwa mapping of{\nobreakspace}{\ensuremathn|>< n)/ n 810)
giving n 0(2 ()
This bedoneeasiestbytextttRcwaMapping mbox{texttt{mdseries\coeffs})} \{texttt{mdseriesslshape coeffs}is of $$ triplestextttcoeffs}r1\]nobreakspace=[}{()$ b_()$ c_r)$\texttt{} $$ from 0to\}m-1.
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 2 out of bounds for length 2
integers, error messageis loop is entered For
example[( 0) ()) 02,14 ) 02,34) 03,1( )java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 68 out of bounds for length 68
ntegerscongruent to$1\cdot 0 +4= ${\}mod\nobreakspace}m divisibleby\nobreakspace}3
For the general constructor for 1(),0()), (1(),2(),(1(),2()) (14) 24)
!@>java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [29, 28) out of bounds for length 48
[ () (226,5(12)) (( 912) )]
<rcwa mapping of Z with modulus 2>
!gapprompt
[, java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 17 out of bounds for length 17
@>!DisplayA
Surjective rcwa mapping of Z with modulus\}Z}java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [52, 51) out of bounds for length 75
/
| n/2 if n in 0(2)
n |-> < (3n+1)/2 if n in 1(2cf.\}\}
|
java.lang.NullPointerException
!gapprompt@gap>A !gapinput@a := RcwaMappingsymbol{45}} all one needs is
<rcwa mapping of Z with modulus 3>
!gap> a;java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 45 out of bounds for length 45
!gapprompt@gap>A !gapinputringRlist sensible '(\ the\extsfGAP}Reference)ischosen optional java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [200, 199) out of bounds for length 212
\\Chapterjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [47, 46) out of bounds for length 58
Rcwa permutation of hyperdef{}}
/
| 2n/3 ,m,java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 29 out of bounds for length 29
n |><(n-3if in()
| (4n+1)/3 if n in 2(3)
java.lang.NullPointerException
!gapprompt@gap>A !gapinput@Support(a);A
Z \ [ -1, 0, 1 ]
!gapprompt@gap>A !gapinput@Cycle(a,44);A
[ 44, 59, 79, 105, 70, 93, 62, 83, 111, 74, 99, 66 ]
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 7 out of bounds for length 2
end{Verbatim}
\noindent the class rotat $rho_{r(),u$.
residue\texttt{java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 0 out of bounds for length 0
of a residue $($ \nobreakspace}$of {}R,the\{ }$rho_rm,} rcwa maps $ in r(m)$ to $un + (1-u)r$ and which fixes $R \setminus r(m)$ pointwise. Class rotations generalize class reflections, as java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 297 out of bounds for length 0
three particularlystructure(.\FactorizationIntoCSCRCT \{fan }):
\subsection{\textcolor{Chapter }{ClassShift (r, m)}}
\logpage{[ 2, 2, 1 ]}\nobreak
\}{}
{@((Z_pi(,2,1)1/)A
\label{ClassShift:r, m}
}\hfill{\scriptsize (function)}}\\
noindenttextcolorFuncColor}$triangleright\\texttt{(\mdseriesslshape java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 138 out of bounds for length 138
\label{ClassShift:cl| / + /3if in 1(java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 36 out of bounds for length 36
\\scriptsize ()}java.lang.NullPointerException
\textbf{\indent Returns:\ }
the class shift $\nu_{r(m)}
The \emph{ A!@ =8;java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [60, 61) out of bounds for length 60
\{}java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [40, 39) out of bounds for length 220
begin[=A\E]
!gapprompt@gap>A !gapinput@Display(java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 46 out of bounds for length 14
Tame rcwa permutation of Z with modulus 12, of order infinity
/
| n+12 if n in 5(12)
n |-> < n java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [0, 19) out of bounds for length 11
|
java.lang.NullPointerException
\end{Verbatim}
}
\subsection{\textcolor{Chapter }{ClassReflection (r, m)}}
java.lang.NullPointerException
\hyperdef{ In the seq the general\texttt{symbol{45}}purpose constructor
{noindenttextcolor{FuncColor}{$\triangleright$\enspace\texttt{ClassReflection({\mdseries\slshape r, m})\index{ClassReflection@\texttt{ClassReflection}!but waysofentering anrcwa is by
label{lassReflection:, }
}\hfill{\scriptsize\textcolorFuncColor}\\enspace\extttR(\\ , m,,coeffs}R@texttt{!by ,modulus listofcoefficients}
\noindent\textcolor{\abel{RcwaMapping: ,modulusandlistofcoefficients
labelC:cl
}\hfill{\scriptsize (\noindent\F}{$$\{RcwaMapping\slshapeR }\{\texttt{}!ringandlist }
f\ Returns:
\{java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [20, 19) out of bounds for length 32
The \emph label{by }
In the one\texttt{\symbol{45}}argument \\textcolor{}$triangleright\\texttt{RcwaMapping{\mdseries\slshape,range)index{@texttt{RcwaMappingby andrange}
\begin{Verbatim}\abelRcwaMappingb permutationand }
! java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [29, 28) out of bounds for length 60
Rcwa permutation of Z with modulus 9, of orderRcwaMapping andlistof }
/
-+ n in ()
n |-> < n if n in Z \ 5(9)
|
java.lang.NullPointerException
\end{Verbatim}
}
\pagebreak[4]
\subsection{\textcolor{Chapter }{java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 40 out of bounds for length 32
\logpage{[ 2:by ofringresiduejava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [68, 67) out of bounds for length 68
\hyperdef{L}{X8716A75F7DD1C46B}{}
{\noindent\textcolor{FuncColor}{$\trianglerightlabelRcwaMappingby java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 43 out of bounds for length 43
\label{:r1,m1 r2, }
}\hfill{\scriptsize\label{by
\noindent\textcolor{FuncColortextbf\Returns\}
\label{java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 23 out of bounds for length 18
}\hfill{java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 18 out of bounds for length 0
}
the class residue classes (mod{\nobreakspace {({java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [123, 122) out of bounds for length 355
Given two disjoint residue classes $r_1(m_1)$
The class transposition $\tau_{r_1(m_1),thelatterorvaluesarechosen meaningof the argumentsis
\index{sequel.The above methods return the rcwa mapping
classes$1m_1$ m_2 anT.
\ndexClassPairs@ClassPairs}m list all class interchangingclasses moduli
or equal to a given bound \mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\ m}}can be obtained by \textttListClassPairs[\{texttt\mdseries\slshapeP},\box{\{\\slshape }},ClassTransposition), thefunction textttClassPairs returns list all 4texttt\symbol{45}tuples (,m_1,) corresponding tothe pairs disjoint residue classes $r_1(m_1)$ and $r_2(m_2)$ with $m_1$ and $m_2$ less than or equal to the specified bound. If a list of primes is given as
optional argument \mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\slshape P}}, then the returned list contains only those 4\texttt{\symbol{45}}tuples where
all\item{(e)] of \mbox{texttt\mdseries\ R}}= {\ensuremath{\mathbb Z}} with modulus \mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\slshape m}} and values given by a list \mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\slshape val}} of 2 pairs \texttt{[}preimage\texttt{, }image\texttt{]} per residue \item[()]ofmbox{\\ } \{}{$ \} java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [179, 177) out of bounds for length 353
\\[() an java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [34, 33) out of bounds for length 312
ple be obtainedby\texttt{ExtRepOfObj(\mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\slshape ct}})}
\index{SplittedClassTransposition@\\{)]an with `r cycles' \{{\\java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [112, 111) out of bounds for length 193
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=!@expression\}\\45}\45} class
!gapprompt@gap>A !gapinput@Display(ClassTransposition(1,2,8,10):CycleNotation:=false);A
Rcwa java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [18, 13) out of bounds for length 165
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 2 out of bounds for length 2
| 5n+3 if!appromptgap|RcwaMappingR,x1[10x(][+(),,]*();#(|
n |-> < (n-3)/5 if n in 8(10)
| n if n in 0(2) \ 8(10)
java.lang.NullPointerException
!gapprompt@gap>A ! Rcwa ofZ_ ):n > 13n
[ ( 0(2), 1(2) ), ( 0(2), 1(4) ), ( 0(2), 3(4) ), ( gapprompt|!@ =RcwaMapping[03],[4,13[13] |
(0() 23 )(0(,14 java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 68 out of bounds for length 68
(12,0()) (1(2,24) 1() 2( ,(1() ())
( 1(4), 3(4) ), ( 2(4), 3(4) Z_( 2 )- / java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 37 out of bounds for length 37
!gapprompt@rcwa mapping GF(2[x with modulus x+>
3528138
!gapprompt@gap>A !gapinput@SplittedClassTransposition(ClassTransposition(0,2,1,4),3);A
(0(),112 ),(26, 5(12)),(4() 912))java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 55 out of bounds for length 55
V}
}
\ The of all java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [49, 46) out of bounds for length 84
simple group CT(!@gap|!gapinputlResidueClass(,);|
of{\nobreakspace}{\ () 14,38,716) ]
.\obreakspace\cite{}
, andclass ofrings R other{\obreakspace}{ensuremath\mathbb Z} are defined an entirely
analogous way \texttt{\symbol{45}}\texttt{\symbol{45}} all one needs to gapprompt@|!@ClassShift,)|
to replace {\ensuremath{\mathbb Z}} by{\nobreakspace}$R$ and to read $<$ and $\leq$ in the sense of the ordering used by{\nobreakspace}\textsf{GAP}. They can also be entered basically as described above
\texttt{\symbol{45}}\texttt{\symbol{45}} just prepend the desired
ring{\nobreakspace}$ true
On rings which have more than two units,
permutations whichjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 2 out of bounds for length 2
\subsection{\textcolor{Chapter }{ClassRotation (r, m, u)}}
\logpage{[ 2, 2, 4 ]}\nobreak
\{}X87EB8C1C87F78A17{java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 33 out of bounds for length 33
{noindent\textcolor{FuncColor}{\triangleright\enspace\texttt{ClassRotation({\mdseries\slshape r, m, u})\index{ClassRotation@\texttt{ClassRotation}!r, m, u}
\abel{ClassRotationr,m }
}\LXF1java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 33 out of bounds for length 33
\texttt{ClassRotationjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [124, 123) out of bounds for length 153
\label{ClassRotation:cl, u}
l{scriptsize function)}java.lang.NullPointerException
\textbf{\indent Returns:\ }
the class rotation $\rho_{r(m),u}$.
Given a r($ {$ {java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [92, 91) out of bounds for length 340
\index{RotationFactor@\texttt{RotationFactor}!of a class rotation} In the two\texttt{\symbol{45}}argument form, the argument{\nobreakspace}\mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\slshape cl}}}hfill{scriptsize()\\
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=!@A,fontsize=\small,frame=single,label=Example]
!gapprompt@gap>A !java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 24 out of bounds for length 0
permutationof Z_ withmodulus2 oforderinfinity
apowerof{\nobreakspace\mbox{\mdseriesslshape p} whosewhose modulushasonlyjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [30, 29) out of bounds for length 77
| 1/3 n + 2/3 if n in 1(2)
n |-> < n if 131,203/, 311/, 71613,35813,179/,/,
java.lang.NullPointerException
!gapprompt@1231/13, 18513 278613,/, 2096/1048/,/13, 262/
!gapprompt@gap>A
!appromptgapA gapinput@r:=1,,Z8*()Support(cr);java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [80, 81) out of bounds for length 80
( (xZ23)java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 31 out of bounds for length 31
!gapprompt@gap>A !gapinput@Display(cr);A
Rcwa permutation of GF(2^3)[x] with modulus x, of order 7
/
| Z(2^3)*P + Z(2^3)^3 if P in 1(x)
P |-> < Parcwa mapping} There is also an operation \texttt{LaTeXStringRcwaMapping}, which takes as argument an rcwa mapping and returns a corresponding {\LaTeX} string. The output makes use of the {\LaTeX} macro package \textsf{amsmath}. If the option \mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\slshape Factorization}} is set and the argument is bijective, a factorization into class shifts, class
|
java.lang.NullPointerException
\end{Verbatim}
}
\index{IsClassShift@\texttt{IsClassShift}!for an rcwa mapping} \index{IsClassReflection@\texttt{IsClassReflection}!for an rcwa mapping} \index{IsClassRotation@\texttt{IsClassRotation}!for an rcwa mapping} \index{IsClassTransposition@\texttt{IsClassTransposition}!for an rcwa mapping} \index{IsGeneralizedClassTransposition@\texttt{IsGeneralizedClassTransposition}!for an rcwa mapping} \texttt{IsClassShift}, \texttt{IsClassReflection}, \texttt{IsClassRotation}, \texttt{IsClassTransposition} and \texttt{IsGeneralizedClassTransposition} are properties which indicate whether a given rcwa mapping belongs to the
corresponding series.
In the sequel we describe the general\texttt{\symbol{45}}purpose constructor
for rcwa mappings. The constructor may look a bit technical on a first glance,
but knowing all possible ways of entering an rcwa mapping is by no means
necessary for understanding this manual or for using this package.
\subsection{\textcolor{Chapter }{ RcwaMapping (the general constructor) }}\logpage{[ 2, 2, 5 ]}
\hyperdef{L}{X8799551B83644B37}{}
{
\noindent\textcolor{FuncColor}{$\triangleright$\enspace\texttt{RcwaMapping({\mdseries\slshape R, m, coeffs})\index{RcwaMapping@\texttt{RcwaMapping}!by ring, modulus and list of coefficients}
\label{RcwaMapping:by ring, modulus and list of coefficients}
}\hfill{\scriptsize (method)}}\\
\noindent\textcolor{FuncColor}{$\triangleright$\enspace\texttt{RcwaMapping({\mdseries\slshape R, coeffs})\index{RcwaMapping@\texttt{RcwaMapping}!by ring and list of coefficients}
\label{RcwaMapping:by ring and list of coefficients}
}\hfill{\scriptsize (method)}}\\
\noindent\textcolor{FuncColor}{$\triangleright$\enspace\texttt{RcwaMapping({\mdseries\slshape coeffs})\index{RcwaMapping@\texttt{RcwaMapping}!by list of coefficients}
\label{RcwaMapping:by list of coefficients}
}\hfill{\scriptsize (method)}}\\
\noindent\textcolor{FuncColor}{$\triangleright$\enspace\texttt{RcwaMapping({\mdseries\slshape perm, range})\index{RcwaMapping@\texttt{RcwaMapping}!by permutation and range}
\label{:by and rangejava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 44 out of bounds for length 44
}\hfill{\scriptsize (method)}}\\
\FuncColor}$$\exttt{cwaMapping({slshape,values})\index{RcwaMapping@\texttt{RcwaMapping}!by modulus and list of values}
\label{RcwaMapping:by modulus and list of values}
}\hfill{\scriptsize (method)}}\\
\noindent\textcolor{FuncColor}{$\triangleright$\enspace\texttt{RcwaMapping({\mdseries\slshape pi, coeffs})\index{RcwaMapping@\texttt{RcwaMapping}!by set of non-invertible primes and list of coefficients}
\label{RcwaMapping:by set of non-invertible primes and list of coefficients}
}\hfill{\scriptsize (method)}}\\
\noindent\textcolor{FuncColor}{$\triangleright$\}commandchars=@,java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [43, 42) out of bounds for length 77
\label{RcwaMapping:by finite field size, modulus and list of coefficients}
}\hfill{\scriptsize (method)}}\\
\noindent\textcolor{FuncColor}{$\triangleright$\enspace\texttt{RcwaMapping({\mdseries\slshape P1, P2})\index{RcwaMapping@\texttt{RcwaMapping}!by two partitions of a ring into residue classes}
\label{RcwaMapping:by two partitions of a ring into residue classes}
}\hfill{\scriptsize (method)}}\\
\noindent\textcolor{FuncColor}{$\triangleright$\enspace\texttt{RcwaMapping({\mdseries\slshape cycles})\index{RcwaMapping@\texttt{RcwaMapping}!by residue class cycles}
\label{RcwaMapping:by residue class cycles}
}\hfill{\scriptsize (method)}}\\
\noindent\textcolor{FuncColor}{$\triangleright$\enspace\texttt{RcwaMapping({\mdseries\slshape expression})\index{RcwaMapping@\texttt{RcwaMapping}!by arithmetical expression}
\label{RcwaMapping:by arithmetical expression}
}\hfill{\scriptsize (method)}}\\
\textbf{\indent Returns:\ }
an rcwa mapping.
In all cases the argument{\nobreakspace}\mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\slshape R}} is the underlying ring, \mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\slshape m}} is the modulus and \mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\slshape coeffs}} is the coefficient list. A \emph{coefficient list} for an rcwa mapping with modulus $m$ consists of $|R/mR|$ coefficient triples \texttt{[}$a_{r(m)}$, $b_{r(m)}$, $c_{r(m)}$\texttt{]}. Their ordering is determined by the ordering of the representatives of the
residue classes (mod{\nobreakspace}$m$) in the sorted list returned by \texttt{AllResidues(\mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\slshape R}}, \mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\slshape m}})}. In case $R = {\ensuremath{\mathbb Z}}$ this means that the coefficient triple for the residue class $0(m)$ comes first and is followed by the one for $1(m)$, the one for $2(m)$ and so on.
If one or several of the arguments \mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\slshape R}}, \mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\slshape m}} and \mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\slshape coeffs}} are omitted or replaced by other arguments, the former are either derived from
the latter or default values are chosen. The meaning of the other arguments is
defined in the detailed description of the particular methods given in the
sequel. The above methods return the rcwa mapping
\begin{description}
\item[{(a)}] of \mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\slshape R}} with modulus \mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\slshape m}} and coefficients \mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\slshape coeffs}},
\item[{(b)}] of \mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\slshape R}} = {\ensuremath{\mathbb Z}} or \mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\slshape R}} = ${\ensuremath{\mathbb Z}}_{(\pi)}$ with modulus \texttt{Length(\mbox{\texttt{java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 207 out of bounds for length 15
item[c}]of mbox{texttt\mdseries\slshape }} ={\ensuremath{\mathbb Z}with \{Length\mbox{texttt{\mdseries\slshape coeffs}})} and coefficients \mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\slshape coeffs}},
{mdseries } \{\athbb }}permuting any set \texttt{mbox{texttt\mdseries\slshape range}}+k*Length(\mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\slshape range}})} like \mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\slshape perm}} permutes \mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\slshape range}},
}} with\mdseries\slshape val}} of 2 pairs \texttt{[}preimage\texttt{, }image\texttt{]} per residue class (mod \mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\slshape m}}),
\item[{(f)}] of \mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\slshape R}} = ${\ensuremath{\mathbb Z}}_{(\pi)}$ with modulus \texttt{Length(\mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\slshape coeffs}})} and coefficients \mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\slshape coeffs}} (the set of primes $\pi$ which denotes the underlying ring is passed as argument{\nobreakspace}\mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\slshape pi}}),
\tem{g)}] \mbox{\exttt{\dseries\lshape R =(mbox\texttt{\dseries\ }[\{\texttt{mdseries\lshape x}}] with modulus{\nobreakspace}\mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\slshape m}} and coefficients \mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\slshape coeffs}},
\item[{(h)}] an rcwa permutation which induces a bijection between the partitions \mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\slshape P1}} and \mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\slshape P2}} of{\nobreakspace}\mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\slshape R}} into residue classes and which is affine on the elements of \residue classes of the source of an rcwa mapping can be computed with \texttt{\texttt{\symbol{94}}}, the same symbol as used for exponentiation and conjugation. The same works
\item[{(i)}] an rcwa begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=!@|,fontsize=\small,frame=single,label=Example]
cyclically, or
\item[{(j)}] the rcwa permutation {nobreakspace{ensuremathmathbb Z}givenby the
arithmetical expression \mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\slshape expression}} \texttt{\symbol{45}}\texttt{\symbol{45}} a string consisting of class
transpositions (e.g. \texttt{"(0(2),1(4))"}) or cycles permuting residue classes (e.g. \texttt{"(0(2),1(8),3(4),5(8))"}), class shifts (e.g. \texttt{"cs(4(6))"}, class reflections (e.g gapprompt@ap|!apinput@15^;
\end{description}
respectively. The methods for the operation \texttt{RcwaMapping} perform a number of argument checks, which can be skipped by using \texttt{RcwaMappingNC} instead.
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=!@|,fontsize=\small,frame=single,label=Example]
!gapprompt@gap>| !gapinput@R := PolynomialRing(GF(2),1);; x := X(GF(2),1);; SetName(x,"x");|
!gapprompt@gap>| !gapinput@RcwaMapping(R,x+1,[[1,0,x+One(R)],[x+One(R),0,1]]*One(R)); # (a)|
<rcwa mapping of GF(2)[x] with modulus x+1>
!gapprompt@gap>| !gapinput@RcwaMapping(Z_pi(2),[[1/3,0,1]]); # (b)|
Rcwa mapping of Z_( 2 ): n -> 1/3 n
!gapprompt@gap>| !gapinput@a := RcwaMapping([;|
<rcwa mapping of Z with modulus 3>
!gapprompt@gap>| !gapinput 2(3)
( 1(), 2(), 3() )
!gapprompt@gap>| !gapinput@T = RcwaMapping(2,[[1,2],[2,1],[3,5],[4,2]]); # (e)|
true
!gapprompt@gap>| !gapinput@RcwaMapping([2],[[1/3,0,{Verbatim}
Rcwa mapping of Z_( 2 ): n -> 1/3 n
\ndexPreImageElm@\extttPreImageElm}oa under rcwamapping}\{PreImagesElm\{} a underan index{reImage@textttPreImage}! of java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [225, 224) out of bounds for length 533
<rcwa mapping of GF(2)[x] with modulus x+1>
!gappromptresidue mappingbe computedby \{.java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 76 out of bounds for length 76
!gapprompt@>| !gapinput@
true
!gapprompt@gap>,16 java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 11 out of bounds for length 11
( 0(2), 1(4), 3(8), 7(16) )
!| g@l(,);java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 60 out of bounds for length 60
[0(2 (),38)7)
!gapprompt@gap>| !gapinput@g := RcwaMapping("((0(4),1(6))*cr(0(6)))^2/cs(2(8))"); # (j)|
<rcwa permutation of Z with modulus 72>
!gapprompt@gap>| !gapinput@g = (ClassTransposition(0,4,1,6) * ClassReflection(0,6))^2/|
gapprompt>gapinput@ClassShift(28;
true
\end{Verbatim}
}
Rcwa mappings of {\ensuremath{\mathbb Z}} can be ``translated'' {ensuremath{}}can efficientlywith theoperation tjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [83, 82) out of bounds for length 236
\subsection{\textcolor{Chapter }{LocalizedRcwaMapping (for an rcwa mapping of Z and a prime)}}
\logpage{[ 2, 2, 6 ]}\nobreak
\hyperdefL}{X7F1A559387D0226E}}
{\noindent\textcolor{FuncColor}{$\triangleright$\enspace\texttt{LocalizedRcwaMapping({\mdseries\slshape f, p})\index{LocalizedRcwaMapping@\texttt{LocalizedRcwaMapping}!for an rcwa mapping of Z and a java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 202 out of bounds for length 2
\@ java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 64 out of bounds for length 64
}\hfill{
\noindent\textcolor{java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 25 out of bounds for length 14
\label{SemilocalizedRcwaMapping:for an rcwa mapping set of rcwa mappings of a ring does not form a ringtexttt{} and \texttt{*}.
}\hfill{\scriptsize (function)}}\\
\
the rcwa mapping of ${\ensuremath{\mathbb Z}}_{(p)}$ respectively ${\java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 73 out of bounds for length 1
The argument \mbox{\ gappromptg> b:ClassShift(,3)*a;|
modulus is a power of{\nobreakspace}\mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\slshape p}}, or whose modulus has onlygap>| !apinput@ (a+b) Image(a- ) ];java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 65 out of bounds for length 65
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=!@|,fontsize=\
end{}
!gappromptindexModulus{describedin\\:EnteringRcwaMappings
!gapprompt@gap>| ! mentioned be
[ 131/13, 203/13, 311/13, 473/13, found inthe\extsf{AP reference manual. For rcwa mappings of rings other
419/13, 635/13, 959/13, 1445/t{\nobreakspace}{\nsuremath{\mathbb Z}}, not for all operations applicable
1231/3,1853/, 278613, 1393/13, /13,104813, /13 26213]
\end{Verbatim}
}
\index{View@\texttt{View}!for an rcwa mapping}java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 1 out of bounds for length 1
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 1300 out of bounds for length 76
are options \texttt{CycleNotation}, \texttt{AsClassMapping}, \texttt{PrintNotation} and \texttt{AbridgedNotation} to take influence on how certain rcwa mappings are shown. These options can
either be not set, set to \texttt{true} or set to \texttt{false}. If the option texttt{ is,itistriedharderto downanrcwapermutation of
{\ensuremath{\mathbb Z}} of finite order as a product of disjoint residue
class cycles, if this is possible. If the option \texttt{AsClassMapping} is set, \texttt{Display} shows which residue classes are mapped to which by the affine partial
mappings, and marks any loops. The option \texttt{PrintNotation} influences the output in favour of \textsf{GAP} \texttt{\symbol{45}} readability, and the option \texttt{AbridgedNotation} can be used to abridge longer names like \texttt{ClassShift}, \texttt{ClassReflection} etc.. By default, the output of the methods for \texttt{Display} and \texttt{Print} describes an rcwa mapping in full. The \texttt{Print}ed representation of an rcwa mapping is \textsf{GAP} \texttt{\symbol{45}} readable if and only if the \texttt{Print}ed representation of the elements of the underlying ring is so.
\index{LaTeXStringRcwaMapping@\texttt{LaTeXStringRcwaMapping}!for an rcwa mapping} There is also an operation \texttt{LaTeXStringRcwaMapping}, which takes as argument an rcwa mapping and returns a corresponding {\LaTeX} string. The output makes use of the {\LaTeX} macro package \textsf{amsmath}. If the option \mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\slshape Factorization}} is set and the argument is bijective, a factorization into class shifts, class
reflections, class transpositions and prime switches is printed (cf.immediately from the coefficients of its affine partial mappings. This holds
by \mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\slshape Indentation}} characters can be obtained by setting this option value accordingly.
\egin{Verbatim}[commandchars=!@|,fontsize=\small,frame=single,label=Example]
!gapprompt@gap>| !gapinput@Print(LaTeXStringRcwaMapping(T));|
\
\begin{cases}
/2 &textif n in(2) \
+1
\end{cases}
\end{Verbatim}
\index{LaTeXAndXDVI@\texttt{LaTeXAndXDVI}!for an rcwa mapping} There is an operation \texttt{LaTeXAndXDVI} which displays an rcwa mapping in an \textsf{xdvi} window. This works as follows: The string returned by \texttt\noindent\textcolor{java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 24 out of bounds for length 0
\residuetexttt{\45}c\{{}wise
ffinemappings}\label{java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [28, 27) out of bounds for length 59
\logpage{[ 2, 3, 0 ]}
\\
{
\{ @cwa mapping!java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [46, 45) out of bounds for length 161
Testing rcwa mappings for java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 1 out of bounds for length 0
lists, hence is cheap. Rcwa mappings pk (an mapping, a )java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 88 out of bounds for length 88
for \texttt{*}. Rcwa permutations can also be inverted, thus java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [0, 66) out of bounds for length 33
negative exponent. Multiplying, inverting and computing powers of tame rcwa
appings . Computing powersof wild mappings is expensive
\texttt{\symbol{45}}\texttt{\symbol{45 and an exponent}
normally grow approximately exponentially with the exponent. How expensive
multiplying a couple of wild mappings is, varies very }h{scriptsize(}\java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 35 out of bounds for length 35
rcwa java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [72, 69) out of bounds for length 76
modulus. Whether
operation \texttt{IsTame}. There isbegin{}commandchars=@,\,frame=label]
infinite order.
\beginVerbatimcommandchars=!|,fontsize=\frame=,label=Example]
! [ [ ], 0( 2(, Z\0()U(5) ]
!gapprompt@gap>| !gapinput@a := RcwaMapping([[2,0,3],[4,-1,3],[4,1,3]]);; # Collatz' permutation.|
!gapprompt@gap>| !gapinput@List([-4..4],k->small,frame=single,label=Example]
[ 256, 64, 16java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 2 out of bounds for length 2
!gapprompt@gap>| !gapinput@IsTame(T) or IsTame(a);|
false
!gapprompt@gap>| !gapinput@IsTame(ClassShift(
true
!gapprompt@gap>|}java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [12, 11) out of bounds for length 48
<java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [16, 15) out of bounds for length 38
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [13, 12) out of bounds for length 77
<rcwa permutation of Z with modulus 21>
\end{Verbatim}
\index{IsInjective@\texttt{IsInjective}!for an rcwa mapping} \index{IsSurjective@\texttt{IsSurjective}!for an rcwa mapping} \index{IsBijective@\texttt{IsBijective}!for an rcwa mapping} \index{Image@\texttt{Image}!of an rcwa mapping} There are methods installed for \texttt{IsInjective}, \texttt{IsSurjective}, \texttt{IsBijective} and \texttt{Image}.
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=!@|,fontsize=\small,frame=single,label=Example]
!gapprompt@gap>| !gapinput@[ IsInjective(T), IsSurjective(T), IsBijective(a) ];|
[ false, true, true ]
!gapprompt@gap>| !gapinput@Image(RcwaMapping([[2,0,1]]));|
0(2)
\end{Verbatim}
\index{rcwa !gapprompt@>| !gap@ 0,3)ClassReflection(2,5)]Sign);
residue ,-
for partitions of the
\begin\Verbatim
!gapprompt@gap
23
!gapprompt@gap>| !gapinput@ResidueClass(1,2)^T;|
2(3)
!gapprompt@gap>| !gapinput@List([[0,3],[1,3],[2,3]],ResidueClass)^a;|
[ 0(2), 1(4), 3(4) ]
\Verbatim}
\index{permutations}\{sec:FactoringRcwaMappings
residue classes under an rcwa mapping can be
\\hyperdefL}X8475F844869DD060}}
!gapprompt@gap>| !gapinput@PreImagesElm(T,8);|
[ 5, 16 ]
!gapprompt@gap>| !gapinput@PreImage(T,ResidueClass(Integers,3,2));|
Z \ 0(6) U 2(6)
!gapprompt@gap>| !gapinput@M := [1];; l := [1];;|
!gapprompt@gap>| !gapinput@while Length(M) < 5000 do M := PreImage(T,M); Add(l,Length(M)); od; l;|
[ 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 14, 18, 26, 36, 50, 67, 89, 117, 157, 208,
277, 367, 488, 649, 869, 1154, 1534, 2039, 2721, 3629, 4843, 6458 ]
\end{Verbatim}
\index{Support@\texttt{Support}!of an rcwa mapping} \index{MovedPoints@\texttt{MovedPoints}!of an rcwa mapping} \index{RestrictedPerm@\texttt{RestrictedPerm}!for an rcwa permutation and a residue class union} \index{DensityOfSupport@\texttt{DensityOfSupport}!of an rcwa mapping} \index{DensityOfSetOfFixedPoints@\texttt{DensityOfSetOfFixedPoints}!of an rcwa mapping} There is a method for the operation \texttt{Support} for computing the support of an rcwa mapping. A synonym for \texttt{Support} is \texttt{MovedPoints}. The natural density of the support of an rcwa mapping of
{\ensuremath{\mathbb Z}} can be computed efficiently with the operation \texttt{DensityOfSupport}. Likewise, the natural density of the set of fixed points of an rcwa mapping
of {\ensuremath{\mathbb Z}} can be computed efficiently with the operation \texttt{DensityOfSetOfFixedPoints}. There is also a method for \texttt{RestrictedPerm} for computing the restriction of an rcwa permutation to a union of residue
classes which it fixes setwise.
\begin{Verbatim}[commandchars=!@|,fontsize=\small,frame=single,label=Example]
!gapprompt@gap>| !gapinput@List([a,a^2],Support);|
[ Z \ [ -1, 0, 1 ], Z \ [ -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3 ] ]
!gapprompt@gap>| !gapinput@RestrictedPerm(ClassShift(0,2)*ClassReflection(1,2),|
!gapprompt@>| !gapinput@ ResidueClass(0,2));|
<rcwa mapping of Z with modulus 2>
!gapprompt@gap>| !gapinput@last = ClassShift(0,2);|
true
\end{Verbatim}
Rcwa mappings can be Factoring elements intothe membersof some``ice'generators helpfulIn we an
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [15, 3) out of bounds for length 89
\beginjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 27 out of bounds for length 27
java.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 2 out of bounds for length 2
gjava.lang.StringIndexOutOfBoundsException: Range [13, 12) out of bounds for length 56
!gapprompt@gap>| !gapinput@[ Image((a + b)), Image((a - b)) ];|
[ 2(4), [ -2, 0 ] ]
\end{Verbatim}
\index{Modulus@\texttt{Modulus}!of an rcwa mapping} \index{Mod@\texttt{Mod}!for an rcwa mapping} \index{Coefficients@\texttt{Coefficientsgiven, the iterates are reduced (mod{\nobreakspace}\mbox{\texttt{\mdseries\slshape m}}).
meaning of the return values is as described in Section{\nobreakspace}\ref{sec:EnteringRcwaMappings}.
General documentation for most operations mentioned in this section can be
found in the \textsf{GAP} reference manual. For rcwa mappings of rings other
than{\nobreakspace}{\ensuremath{\mathbb Z}}, not for all operations applicable
methods are available.
As in general a subring relation $R_1<R_2$ does \emph{not} give rise to a natural embedding of RCWA($R_1$) into RCWA($R_2$), there is no coercion between rcwa mappings or rcwa groups over different
rings. }
\section{\textcolor{Chapter }{ Attributes and properties of
residue\texttt{\symbol{45}}class\texttt{\symbol{45}}wise affine mappings }}\label{sec:AttributesAndPropertiesOfRcwaMappings}
\logpage{[ 2, 4, 0 ]}
\hyperdef{L}{X7C16D22C7BD40FDC}{}
{
\index{class-wise translating@class\texttt{\symbol{45}}wise translating!definition} \index{integral@integral!definition} \index{balanced@balanced!definition} \index{sign-preserving@sign\texttt{\symbol{45}}preserving!definition} \index{maximal shift@maximal shift!definition} \index{rcwa mapping@rcwa mapping!prime set} \index{rcwa mapping@rcwa mapping!maximal shift} \index{rcwa mapping@rcwa mapping!class-wise translating} \ | |