############################################################################# ## ## This file is part of GAP, a system for computational discrete algebra. ## This file's authors include Werner Nickel, Alexander Hulpke. ## ## Copyright of GAP belongs to its developers, whose names are too numerous ## to list here. Please refer to the COPYRIGHT file for details. ## ## SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later ##
############################################################################# ## #O SchurCover(<G>) ## ## <#GAPDoc Label="SchurCover"> ## <ManSection> ## <Attr Name="SchurCover" Arg='G'/> ## ## <Description> ## returns one (of possibly several) Schur covers of the group <A>G</A>. ## <P/> ## At the moment this cover is represented as a finitely presented group ## and <Ref Attr="IsomorphismPermGroup"/> would be needed to convert it to a ## permutation group. ## <P/> ## If also the relation to <A>G</A> is needed, ## <Ref Attr="EpimorphismSchurCover"/> should be used. ## <Example><![CDATA[ ## gap> g:=Group((1,2,3,4),(1,2));; ## gap> epi:=EpimorphismSchurCover(g); ## [ F1, F2, F3 ] -> [ (1,2), (2,3), (3,4) ] ## gap> Size(Source(epi)); ## 48 ## gap> f:=FreeGroup("a","b");; ## gap> g:=f/ParseRelators(f,"a2,b3,(ab)5");; ## gap> epi:=EpimorphismSchurCover(g); ## [ a, b ] -> [ a, b ] ## gap> Size(Kernel(epi)); ## 2 ## ]]></Example> ## <P/> ## If the group becomes bigger, Schur Cover calculations might become ## unfeasible. ## <P/> ## There is another operation, <Ref Attr="AbelianInvariantsMultiplier"/>, ## which only returns the structure of the Schur Multiplier, ## and which should work for larger groups as well. ## </Description> ## </ManSection> ## <#/GAPDoc> ##
DeclareAttribute( "SchurCover", IsGroup );
############################################################################## ## #O EpimorphismSchurCover(<G>[,<pl>]) ## ## <#GAPDoc Label="EpimorphismSchurCover"> ## <ManSection> ## <Attr Name="EpimorphismSchurCover" Arg='G[, pl]'/> ## ## <Description> ## returns an epimorphism <M>epi</M> from a group <M>D</M> onto <A>G</A>. ## The group <M>D</M> is one (of possibly several) Schur covers of <A>G</A>. ## The group <M>D</M> can be obtained as the <Ref Attr="Source"/> value of ## <A>epi</A>. ## The kernel of <M>epi</M> is the Schur multiplier of <A>G</A>. ## If <A>pl</A> is given as a list of primes, ## only the multiplier part for these primes is realized. ## At the moment, <M>D</M> is represented as a finitely presented group. ## </Description> ## </ManSection> ## <#/GAPDoc> ##
DeclareAttribute( "EpimorphismSchurCover", IsGroup );
############################################################################## ## #A AbelianInvariantsMultiplier(<G>) ## ## <#GAPDoc Label="AbelianInvariantsMultiplier"> ## <ManSection> ## <Attr Name="AbelianInvariantsMultiplier" Arg='G'/> ## ## <Description> ## <Index>Multiplier</Index> ## <Index>Schur multiplier</Index> ## returns a list of the abelian invariants of the Schur multiplier of ## <A>G</A>. ## <P/> ## At the moment, this operation will not give any information about how to ## extend the multiplier to a Schur Cover. ## <Example><![CDATA[ ## gap> AbelianInvariantsMultiplier(g); ## [ 2 ] ## gap> AbelianInvariantsMultiplier(AlternatingGroup(6)); ## [ 2, 3 ] ## gap> AbelianInvariantsMultiplier(SL(2,3)); ## [ ] ## gap> AbelianInvariantsMultiplier(SL(3,2)); ## [ 2 ] ## gap> AbelianInvariantsMultiplier(PSU(4,2)); ## [ 2 ] ## ]]></Example> ## (Note that the last command from the example will take some time.) ## <P/> ## The &GAP; 4.4.12 manual contained examples for larger groups e.g. ## <M>M_{22}</M>. However, some issues that may very rarely (and not ## easily reproducibly) lead to wrong results were discovered in the code ## capable of handling larger groups, and in &GAP; 4.5 it was replaced ## by a more reliable basic method. To deal with larger groups, one can use ## the function <Ref BookName="cohomolo" Func="SchurMultiplier"/> from the ## <Package>cohomolo</Package> package. Also, additional methods for ## <Ref Attr="AbelianInvariantsMultiplier"/> are installed in the ## <Package>Polycyclic</Package> package for pcp-groups. ## </Description> ## </ManSection> ## <#/GAPDoc> ##
DeclareAttribute( "AbelianInvariantsMultiplier", IsGroup );
############################################################################## #### Derived functions. Robert F. Morse #### ############################################################################## ## #A Epicentre(<G>) #A ExteriorCentre(<G>) ## ## <#GAPDoc Label="Epicentre"> ## <ManSection> ## <Attr Name="Epicentre" Arg='G'/> ## <Attr Name="ExteriorCentre" Arg='G'/> ## ## <Description> ## There are various ways of describing the epicentre of a group <A>G</A>. ## It is the smallest normal subgroup <M>N</M> of <A>G</A> such that ## <M><A>G</A>/N</M> is a central quotient of a group. ## It is also equal to the Exterior Center of <A>G</A>, ## see <Cite Key="Ellis98"/>. ## </Description> ## </ManSection> ## <#/GAPDoc> ##
DeclareAttribute("Epicentre", IsGroup );
DeclareSynonymAttr("Epicenter", Epicentre);
DeclareSynonymAttr("ExteriorCentre", Epicentre);
DeclareSynonymAttr("ExteriorCenter", Epicentre);
############################################################################## ## #O NonabelianExteriorSquare(<G>) ## ## <#GAPDoc Label="NonabelianExteriorSquare"> ## <ManSection> ## <Oper Name="NonabelianExteriorSquare" Arg='G'/> ## ## <Description> ## Computes the nonabelian exterior square <M><A>G</A> \wedge <A>G</A></M> ## of the group <A>G</A>, which for a finitely presented group is the ## derived subgroup of any Schur cover of <A>G</A> ## (see <Cite Key="BJR87"/>). ## </Description> ## </ManSection> ## <#/GAPDoc> ##
DeclareOperation("NonabelianExteriorSquare", [IsGroup]);
############################################################################## ## #O EpimorphismNonabelianExteriorSquare(<G>) ## ## <#GAPDoc Label="EpimorphismNonabelianExteriorSquare"> ## <ManSection> ## <Oper Name="EpimorphismNonabelianExteriorSquare" Arg='G'/> ## ## <Description> ## Computes the mapping ## <M><A>G</A> \wedge <A>G</A> \rightarrow <A>G</A></M>. ## The kernel of this mapping is equal to the Schur multiplier of <A>G</A>. ## </Description> ## </ManSection> ## <#/GAPDoc> ##
DeclareOperation("EpimorphismNonabelianExteriorSquare", [IsGroup]);
############################################################################## ## #P IsCentralFactor(<G>) ## ## <#GAPDoc Label="IsCentralFactor"> ## <ManSection> ## <Prop Name="IsCentralFactor" Arg='G'/> ## ## <Description> ## This function determines if there exists a group <M>H</M> such that ## <A>G</A> is isomorphic to the quotient <M>H/Z(H)</M>. ## A group with this property is called in literature <E>capable</E>. ## A group being capable is ## equivalent to the epicentre of <A>G</A> being trivial, ## see <Cite Key="BFS79"/>. ## </Description> ## </ManSection> ## <#/GAPDoc> ##
DeclareProperty("IsCentralFactor", IsGroup);
############################################################################## ## #F SchuMu(<G>,<p>) ## ## <ManSection> ## <Func Name="SchuMu" Arg='G,p'/> ## ## <Description> ## returns epimorphism from p-part of multiplier.p-Sylow (note: This ## extension is <E>not</E> necessarily isomorphic to a Sylow subgroup of a ## Darstellungsgruppe!) onto p-Sylow, the ## kernel is the p-part of the multiplier. ## The implemented algorithm is based on section 7 in Derek Holt's paper. ## However we use some of the general homomorphism setup to avoid having to ## remember certain relations. ## </Description> ## </ManSection> ##
DeclareGlobalFunction("SchuMu");
############################################################################## ## #F CorestEval(<FG>,<s>) ## ## <ManSection> ## <Func Name="CorestEval" Arg='FG,s'/> ## ## <Description> ## evaluate corestriction mapping. ## <A>FH</A> is a homomorphism from a finitely presented group onto a finite ## group <A>G</A>. <A>s</A> an epimorphism onto a p-Sylow subgroup of <A>G</A> as obtained ## from <C>SchuMu</C>. ## This function evaluates the relators of the source of <A>FH</A> in the ## extension M_p.<A>G</A>. It returns a list whose entries are of the form ## [<A>rel</A>,<A>val</A>], where <A>rel</A> is a relator of <A>G</A> and <A>val</A> its evaluation as ## an element of M_p. ## </Description> ## </ManSection> ##
DeclareGlobalFunction("CorestEval");
############################################################################## ## #F RelatorFixedMultiplier(<hom>,<p>) ## ## <ManSection> ## <Func Name="RelatorFixedMultiplier" Arg='hom,p'/> ## ## <Description> ## Let <A>hom</A> an epimorphism from an fp group onto a finite group <A>G</A>. This ## function returns an epimorphism onto the <A>p</A>-Sylow subgroup of <A>G</A>, ## whose kernel is the largest quotient of the multiplier, that can lift ## <A>hom</A> to a larger quotient. (The source of this map thus is <M>M_R(B)</M> ## of <Cite Key="HulpkeQuot"/>.) ## </Description> ## </ManSection> ##
DeclareGlobalFunction("RelatorFixedMultiplier");
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