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MASTER(8) MASTER(8)

<a name="name">NAME</a>
 master - Postfix master process

<a name="synopsis">SYNOPSIS</a>
 master [-Dditvw] [-c config_dir] [-e exit_time]

<a name="description">DESCRIPTION</a>
 The <a href="master.8.html">master(8)</a> daemon is the resident process that runs Postfix daemons
 on demand: daemons to send or receive messages via the network, daemons
 to deliver mail locally, etc. These daemons are created on demand up
 to a configurable maximum number per service.

 Postfix daemons terminate voluntarily, either after being idle for a
 configurable amount of time, or after having serviced a configurable
 number of requests. Exceptions to this rule are the resident queue man-
 ager, address verification server, and the TLS session cache and
 pseudo-random number server.

 The behavior of the <a href="master.8.html">master(8)</a> daemon is controlled by the <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a>
 configuration file, as described in <a href="master.5.html">master(5)</a>.

 Options:

 -c config_dir
 Read the <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> and <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> configuration files in the named
 directory instead of the default configuration directory. This
 also overrides the configuration files for other Postfix daemon
 processes.

 -D After initialization, run a debugger on the master process. The
 debugging command is specified with the <a href="postconf.5.html#debugger_command">debugger_command</a> in the
 <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> global configuration file.

 -d Do not redirect stdin, stdout or stderr to /dev/null, and do not
 discard the controlling terminal. This must be used for debug-
 ging only.

 -e exit_time
 Terminate the master process after exit_time seconds. Child pro-
 cesses terminate at their convenience.

 -i Enable init mode: do not become a session or process group
 leader; and similar to -s, do not redirect stdout to /dev/null,
 so that "<a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file">maillog_file</a> = /dev/stdout" works. This mode is
 allowed only if the process ID equals 1.

 This feature is available in Postfix 3.3 and later.

 -s Do not redirect stdout to /dev/null, so that "<a href="postconf.5.html#maillog_file">maillog_file</a> =
 /dev/stdout" works.

 This feature is available in Postfix 3.4 and later.

 -t Test mode. Return a zero exit status when the master.pid lock
 file does not exist or when that file is not locked. This is
 evidence that the <a href="master.8.html">master(8)</a> daemon is not running.

 -v Enable verbose logging for debugging purposes. This option is
 passed on to child processes. Multiple -v options make the soft-
 ware increasingly verbose.

 -w Wait in a dummy foreground process, while the real master daemon
 initializes in a background process. The dummy foreground
 process returns a zero exit status only if the master daemon
 initialization is successful, and if it completes in a reason-
 able amount of time.

 This feature is available in Postfix 2.10 and later.

 Signals:

 SIGHUP Upon receipt of a HUP signal (e.g., after "postfix reload"), the
 master process re-reads its configuration files. If a service
 has been removed from the <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> file, its running processes
 are terminated immediately. Otherwise, running processes are
 allowed to terminate as soon as is convenient, so that changes
 in configuration settings affect only new service requests.

 SIGTERM
 Upon receipt of a TERM signal (e.g., after "postfix abort"), the
 master process passes the signal on to its child processes and
 terminates. This is useful for an emergency shutdown. Normally
 one would terminate only the master ("postfix stop") and allow
 running processes to finish what they are doing.

<a name="diagnostics">DIAGNOSTICS</a>
 Problems are reported to syslogd(8) or <a href="postlogd.8.html">postlogd(8)</a>. The exit status is
 non-zero in case of problems, including problems while initializing as
 a master daemon process in the background.

<a name="environment">ENVIRONMENT</a>
 MAIL_DEBUG
 After initialization, start a debugger as specified with the
 <a href="postconf.5.html#debugger_command">debugger_command</a> configuration parameter in the <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> configu-
 ration file.

 MAIL_CONFIG
 Directory with Postfix configuration files.

<a name="configuration_parameters">CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS</a>
 Unlike most Postfix daemon processes, the <a href="master.8.html">master(8)</a> server does not
 automatically pick up changes to <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>. Changes to <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> are
 never picked up automatically. Use the "postfix reload" command after
 a configuration change.

<a name="resource_and_rate_controls">RESOURCE AND RATE CONTROLS</a>
 <a href="postconf.5.html#default_process_limit">default_process_limit</a> (100)
 The default maximal number of Postfix child processes that pro-
 vide a given service.

 <a href="postconf.5.html#max_idle">max_idle</a> (100s)
 The maximum amount of time that an idle Postfix daemon process
 waits for an incoming connection before terminating voluntarily.

 <a href="postconf.5.html#max_use">max_use</a> (100)
 The maximal number of incoming connections that a Postfix daemon
 process will service before terminating voluntarily.

 <a href="postconf.5.html#service_throttle_time">service_throttle_time</a> (60s)
 How long the Postfix <a href="master.8.html">master(8)</a> waits before forking a server
 that appears to be malfunctioning.

 Available in Postfix version 2.6 and later:

 <a href="postconf.5.html#master_service_disable">master_service_disable</a> (empty)
 Selectively disable <a href="master.8.html">master(8)</a> listener ports by service type or
 by service name and type.

<a name="miscellaneous_controls">MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS</a>
 <a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)
 The default location of the Postfix <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> and <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> con-
 figuration files.

 <a href="postconf.5.html#daemon_directory">daemon_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)
 The directory with Postfix support programs and daemon programs.

 <a href="postconf.5.html#debugger_command">debugger_command</a> (empty)
 The external command to execute when a Postfix daemon program is
 invoked with the -D option.

 <a href="postconf.5.html#inet_interfaces">inet_interfaces</a> (all)
 The local network interface addresses that this mail system
 receives mail on.

 <a href="postconf.5.html#inet_protocols">inet_protocols</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)
 The Internet protocols Postfix will attempt to use when making
 or accepting connections.

 <a href="postconf.5.html#import_environment">import_environment</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)
 The list of environment variables that a privileged Postfix
 process will import from a non-Postfix parent process, or
 name=value environment overrides.

 <a href="postconf.5.html#mail_owner">mail_owner</a> (postfix)
 The UNIX system account that owns the Postfix queue and most
 Postfix daemon processes.

 <a href="postconf.5.html#process_id">process_id</a> (read-only)
 The process ID of a Postfix command or daemon process.

 <a href="postconf.5.html#process_name">process_name</a> (read-only)
 The process name of a Postfix command or daemon process.

 <a href="postconf.5.html#queue_directory">queue_directory</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)
 The location of the Postfix top-level queue directory.

 <a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_facility">syslog_facility</a> (mail)
 The syslog facility of Postfix logging.

 <a href="postconf.5.html#syslog_name">syslog_name</a> (see 'postconf -d' output)
 A prefix that is prepended to the process name in syslog
 records, so that, for example, "smtpd" becomes "prefix/smtpd".

 Available in Postfix 3.3 and later:

 <a href="postconf.5.html#service_name">service_name</a> (read-only)
 The <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> service name of a Postfix daemon process.

 Available in Postfix 3.6 and later:

 <a href="postconf.5.html#known_tcp_ports">known_tcp_ports</a> (lmtp=24, smtp=25, smtps=submissions=465, submis-
 sion=587)
 Optional setting that avoids lookups in the services(5) data-
 base.

<a name="files">FILES</a>
 To expand the directory names below into their actual values, use the
 command "postconf <a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a>" etc.

 $<a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a>/<a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a>, global configuration file.
 $<a href="postconf.5.html#config_directory">config_directory</a>/<a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a>, master server configuration file.
 $<a href="postconf.5.html#queue_directory">queue_directory</a>/pid/master.pid, master lock file.
 $<a href="postconf.5.html#data_directory">data_directory</a>/master.lock, master lock file.

<a name="see_also">SEE ALSO</a>
 <a href="qmgr.8.html">qmgr(8)</a>, queue manager
 <a href="verify.8.html">verify(8)</a>, address verification
 <a href="master.5.html">master(5)</a>, <a href="master.5.html">master.cf</a> configuration file syntax
 <a href="postconf.5.html">postconf(5)</a>, <a href="postconf.5.html">main.cf</a> configuration file syntax
 <a href="postlogd.8.html">postlogd(8)</a>, Postfix logging
 syslogd(8), system logging

<a name="license">LICENSE</a>
 The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.

AUTHOR(S)
 Wietse Venema
 IBM T.J. Watson Research
 P.O. Box 704
 Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA

 Wietse Venema
 Google, Inc.
 111 8th Avenue
 New York, NY 10011, USA

 MASTER(8)
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