#ifndef OPTIMIZER_DEFAULTS_INCLUDED
#define OPTIMIZER_DEFAULTS_INCLUDED
/*
Copyright ( c ) 2022 , MariaDB AB
This program is free software ; you can redistribute it and / or
modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
as published by the Free Software Foundation ; version 2 of
the License .
This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful ,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY ; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE . See the
GNU General Public License for more details .
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with this program ; if not , write to the Free Software
Foundation , Inc . , 51 Franklin St , Fifth Floor , Boston , MA 02110 - 1335 USA
*/
/*
This file contains costs constants used by the optimizer
All costs should be based on milliseconds ( 1 cost = 1 ms )
*/
/* Cost for finding the first key in a key scan */
#define DEFAULT_KEY_LOOKUP_COST ((double ) 0 .000435777 )
/* Cost of finding a row based on row_ID */
#define DEFAULT_ROW_LOOKUP_COST ((double ) 0 .000130839 )
/*
Cost of finding and copying key and row blocks from the storage
engine index cache to an internal cache as part of an index
scan . This includes all mutexes that needs to be taken to get
exclusive access to a page . The number is taken from accessing an
existing blocks from Aria page cache .
Used in handler : : scan_time ( ) and handler : : keyread_time ( )
*/
#define DEFAULT_INDEX_BLOCK_COPY_COST ((double ) 3 .56 e-05 )
/*
Cost of copying a row to ' table - > record ' .
Used by scan_time ( ) and rnd_pos_time ( ) methods .
If this is too small , then table scans will be preferred over ' ref '
as with table scans there are no key read ( KEY_LOOKUP_COST ) , fewer
disk reads but more record copying and row comparisions . If it ' s
too big then MariaDB will used key lookup even when table scan is
better .
*/
#define DEFAULT_ROW_COPY_COST ((double ) 0 .000060866 )
/*
Cost of copying the key to ' table - > record '
If this is too small , then , for small tables , index scans will be
preferred over ' ref ' as with index scans there are fewer disk reads .
*/
#define DEFAULT_KEY_COPY_COST ((double ) 0 .000015685 )
/*
Cost of finding the next index entry and checking its rowid against filter
This cost is very low as it ' s done inside the storage engine .
Should be smaller than KEY_COPY_COST .
*/
#define DEFAULT_KEY_NEXT_FIND_COST ((double ) 0 .000082347 )
/* Cost of finding the next row when scanning a table */
#define DEFAULT_ROW_NEXT_FIND_COST ((double ) 0 .000045916 )
/**
The cost of executing the WHERE clause as part of any row check .
Increasing this would force the optimizer to use row combinations
that reads fewer rows .
The default cost comes from recording times from a simple where clause that
compares two fields ( date and a double ) with constants .
*/
#define DEFAULT_WHERE_COST ((double ) 3 .2 e-05 )
/* The cost of comparing a key when using range access or sorting */
#define DEFAULT_KEY_COMPARE_COST 0 .000011361
/* Rowid compare is usually just a single memcmp of a short string */
#define DEFAULT_ROWID_COMPARE_COST 0 .000002653
/* Rowid copy is usually just a single memcpy of a short string */
#define DEFAULT_ROWID_COPY_COST 0 .000002653
/*
Cost modifiers rowid_filter . These takes into account the overhead of
using and calling Rowid_filter_sorted_array : : check ( ) from the engine
*/
#define ROWID_FILTER_PER_CHECK_MODIFIER 4 /* times key_copy_cost */
#define ROWID_FILTER_PER_ELEMENT_MODIFIER 1 /* times rowid_compare_cost */
/*
Average disk seek time on a hard disk is 8 - 10 ms , which is also
about the time to read a IO_SIZE ( 8192 ) block .
A medium ssd is about 400 MB / second , which gives us the time for
reading an IO_SIZE block to IO_SIZE / 400000000 = 0 . 0000204 sec = 0 . 02 ms .
*/
#define DEFAULT_DISK_READ_COST ((double ) IO_SIZE / 400000000 .0 * 1000 )
/*
The following is an old comment for hard - disks , please ignore the
following , except if you like history :
For sequential hard disk seeks the cost formula is :
DISK_SEEK_BASE_COST + DISK_SEEK_PROP_COST * # blocks_to_skip
The cost of average seek
DISK_SEEK_BASE_COST + DISK_SEEK_PROP_COST * BLOCKS_IN_AVG_SEEK = 10 .
*/
/*
The table / index cache_miss / total_cache_request ratio .
1 . 0 means that a searched for key or row will never be in the cache while
0 . 0 means it always in the cache ( and we don ' t have to do any disk reads ) .
According to folklore , one should not have to access disk for more
than 20 % of the cache request for MariaDB to run very well .
However in practice when we read rows or keys in a query , we will often
read the same row over and over again . Because of this we set
DEFAULT_DISK_READ_RATIO to 0 . 20 / 10 = 0 . 02 .
Increasing DISK_READ_RATIO will make MariaDB prefer key lookup over
table scans as the impact of ROW_COPY_COST and INDEX_COPY cost will
have a larger impact when more rows are examined . .
We are not yet taking into account cache usage statistics as this
could confuse users as the EXPLAIN and costs for a query would change
between to query calls , which may confuse users ( and also make the
mtr tests very unpredictable ) .
Note that the engine ' s avg_io_cost ( ) ( DEFAULT_DISK_READ_COST by default )
is multiplied with this constant !
*/
#define DEFAULT_DISK_READ_RATIO 0 .02
/*
The following costs are mainly to ensure we don ' t do table and index
scans for small tables , like the one we have in the mtr test suite .
This is mostly to keep the mtr tests use indexes ( as the optimizer would
if the tables are large ) . It will also ensure that EXPLAIN is showing
more key user for users where they are testing queries with small tables
at the start of projects .
This is probably OK for most a the execution time difference between table
scan and index scan compared to key lookups so small when using small
tables . It also helps to fill the index cache which will help mitigate
the speed difference .
*/
/*
Extra cost for full table and index scan . Used to prefer key and range
over index and table scans
INDEX_SCAN_SETUP_COST ( defined in optimizer_costs . h ) is half of
table_scan_setup_cost to get the optimizer to prefer index scans to table
scans as key copy is faster than row copy and index blocks provides
more information in the cache .
This will also help MyISAM as with MyISAM the table scans has a cost
very close to index scans ( they are fast but require a read call
that we want to avoid even if it ' s small ) .
10 usec is about 10 MyISAM row lookups with optimizer_disk_read_ratio = 0 . 02
*/
#define DEFAULT_TABLE_SCAN_SETUP_COST 0 .01 // 10 usec
/* Extra cost for doing a range scan. Used to prefer 'ref' over range */
#define MULTI_RANGE_READ_SETUP_COST KEY_LOOKUP_COST
/*
Temporary file and temporary table related costs
Used with subquery materialization , derived tables etc
*/
#define TMPFILE_CREATE_COST 0 .5 // Cost of creating and deleting files
#define HEAP_TEMPTABLE_CREATE_COST 0 .025 // ms
/* Cost taken from HEAP_LOOKUP_COST in ha_heap.cc */
#define HEAP_TEMPTABLE_LOOKUP_COST (0 .00016097 )
#define DISK_TEMPTABLE_LOOKUP_COST(thd) (tmp_table_optimizer_costs.key_lookup_cost + tmp_table_optimizer_costs.row_lookup_cost + tmp_table_optimizer_costs.row_copy_cost)
#define DISK_TEMPTABLE_CREATE_COST TMPFILE_CREATE_COST*2 // 2 tmp tables
#define DISK_TEMPTABLE_BLOCK_SIZE IO_SIZE
#endif /* OPTIMIZER_DEFAULTS_INCLUDED */
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