// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
* Tests Memory Protection Keys ( see Documentation / core - api / protection - keys . rst )
*
* The testcases in this file exercise various flows related to signal handling ,
* using an alternate signal stack , with the default pkey ( pkey 0 ) disabled .
*
* Compile with :
* gcc - mxsave - o pkey_sighandler_tests - O2 - g - std = gnu99 - pthread - Wall pkey_sighandler_tests . c - I . . / . . / . . / . . / tools / include - lrt - ldl - lm
* gcc - mxsave - m32 - o pkey_sighandler_tests - O2 - g - std = gnu99 - pthread - Wall pkey_sighandler_tests . c - I . . / . . / . . / . . / tools / include - lrt - ldl - lm
*/
#define _GNU_SOURCE
#define __SANE_USERSPACE_TYPES__
#include <linux/mman.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include "pkey-helpers.h"
#define STACK_SIZE PTHREAD_STACK_MIN
static pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
static pthread_cond_t cond = PTHREAD_COND_INITIALIZER;
static siginfo_t siginfo = {0 };
/*
* We need to use inline assembly instead of glibc ' s syscall because glibc ' s
* syscall will attempt to access the PLT in order to call a library function
* which is protected by MPK 0 which we don ' t have access to .
*/
static inline __always_inline
long syscall_raw(long n, long a1, long a2, long a3, long a4, long a5, long a6)
{
unsigned long ret;
#ifdef __x86_64__
register long r10 asm ("r10" ) = a4;
register long r8 asm ("r8" ) = a5;
register long r9 asm ("r9" ) = a6;
asm volatile ("syscall"
: "=a" (ret)
: "a" (n), "D" (a1), "S" (a2), "d" (a3), "r" (r10), "r" (r8), "r" (r9)
: "rcx" , "r11" , "memory" );
#elif defined __i386__
asm volatile ("int $0x80"
: "=a" (ret)
: "a" (n), "b" (a1), "c" (a2), "d" (a3), "S" (a4), "D" (a5)
: "memory" );
#elif defined __aarch64__
register long x0 asm ("x0" ) = a1;
register long x1 asm ("x1" ) = a2;
register long x2 asm ("x2" ) = a3;
register long x3 asm ("x3" ) = a4;
register long x4 asm ("x4" ) = a5;
register long x5 asm ("x5" ) = a6;
register long x8 asm ("x8" ) = n;
asm volatile ("svc #0"
: "=r" (x0)
: "r" (x0), "r" (x1), "r" (x2), "r" (x3), "r" (x4), "r" (x5), "r" (x8)
: "memory" );
ret = x0;
#else
# error syscall_raw() not implemented
#endif
return ret;
}
static inline long clone_raw(unsigned long flags, void *stack,
int *parent_tid, int *child_tid)
{
long a1 = flags;
long a2 = (long )stack;
long a3 = (long )parent_tid;
#if defined (__x86_64__) || defined (__i386)
long a4 = (long )child_tid;
long a5 = 0 ;
#elif defined (__aarch64__)
long a4 = 0 ;
long a5 = (long )child_tid;
#else
# error clone_raw() not implemented
#endif
return syscall_raw(SYS_clone, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, 0 );
}
/*
* Returns the most restrictive pkey register value that can be used by the
* tests .
*/
static inline u64 pkey_reg_restrictive_default(void )
{
/*
* Disallow everything except execution on pkey 0 , so that each caller
* doesn ' t need to enable it explicitly ( the selftest code runs with
* its code mapped with pkey 0 ) .
*/
return set_pkey_bits(PKEY_REG_ALLOW_NONE, 0 , PKEY_DISABLE_ACCESS);
}
static void sigsegv_handler(int signo, siginfo_t *info, void *ucontext)
{
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
memcpy(&siginfo, info, sizeof (siginfo_t));
pthread_cond_signal(&cond);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
syscall_raw(SYS_exit, 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 );
}
static void sigusr1_handler(int signo, siginfo_t *info, void *ucontext)
{
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
memcpy(&siginfo, info, sizeof (siginfo_t));
pthread_cond_signal(&cond);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
}
static void sigusr2_handler(int signo, siginfo_t *info, void *ucontext)
{
/*
* pkru should be the init_pkru value which enabled MPK 0 so
* we can use library functions .
*/
printf("%s invoked.\n" , __func__);
}
static void raise_sigusr2(void )
{
pid_t tid = 0 ;
tid = syscall_raw(SYS_gettid, 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 );
syscall_raw(SYS_tkill, tid, SIGUSR2, 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 );
/*
* We should return from the signal handler here and be able to
* return to the interrupted thread .
*/
}
static void *thread_segv_with_pkey0_disabled(void *ptr)
{
/* Disable MPK 0 (and all others too) */
__write_pkey_reg(pkey_reg_restrictive_default());
/* Segfault (with SEGV_MAPERR) */
*(volatile int *)NULL = 1 ;
return NULL;
}
static void *thread_segv_pkuerr_stack(void *ptr)
{
/* Disable MPK 0 (and all others too) */
__write_pkey_reg(pkey_reg_restrictive_default());
/* After we disable MPK 0, we can't access the stack to return */
return NULL;
}
static void *thread_segv_maperr_ptr(void *ptr)
{
stack_t *stack = ptr;
u64 pkey_reg;
/*
* Setup alternate signal stack , which should be pkey_mprotect ( ) ed by
* MPK 0 . The thread ' s stack cannot be used for signals because it is
* not accessible by the default init_pkru value of 0 x55555554 .
*/
syscall_raw(SYS_sigaltstack, (long )stack, 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 );
/* Disable MPK 0. Only MPK 1 is enabled. */
pkey_reg = pkey_reg_restrictive_default();
pkey_reg = set_pkey_bits(pkey_reg, 1 , PKEY_UNRESTRICTED);
__write_pkey_reg(pkey_reg);
/* Segfault */
*(volatile int *)NULL = 1 ;
syscall_raw(SYS_exit, 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 );
return NULL;
}
/*
* Verify that the sigsegv handler is invoked when pkey 0 is disabled .
* Note that the new thread stack and the alternate signal stack is
* protected by MPK 0 .
*/
static void test_sigsegv_handler_with_pkey0_disabled(void )
{
struct sigaction sa;
pthread_attr_t attr;
pthread_t thr;
sa.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;
sa.sa_sigaction = sigsegv_handler;
sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
if (sigaction(SIGSEGV, &sa, NULL) == -1 ) {
perror("sigaction" );
exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
memset(&siginfo, 0 , sizeof (siginfo));
pthread_attr_init(&attr);
pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);
pthread_create(&thr, &attr, thread_segv_with_pkey0_disabled, NULL);
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
while (siginfo.si_signo == 0 )
pthread_cond_wait(&cond, &mutex);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
ksft_test_result(siginfo.si_signo == SIGSEGV &&
siginfo.si_code == SEGV_MAPERR &&
siginfo.si_addr == NULL,
"%s\n" , __func__);
}
/*
* Verify that the sigsegv handler is invoked when pkey 0 is disabled .
* Note that the new thread stack and the alternate signal stack is
* protected by MPK 0 , which renders them inaccessible when MPK 0
* is disabled . So just the return from the thread should cause a
* segfault with SEGV_PKUERR .
*/
static void test_sigsegv_handler_cannot_access_stack(void )
{
struct sigaction sa;
pthread_attr_t attr;
pthread_t thr;
sa.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;
sa.sa_sigaction = sigsegv_handler;
sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
if (sigaction(SIGSEGV, &sa, NULL) == -1 ) {
perror("sigaction" );
exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
memset(&siginfo, 0 , sizeof (siginfo));
pthread_attr_init(&attr);
pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attr, PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);
pthread_create(&thr, &attr, thread_segv_pkuerr_stack, NULL);
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
while (siginfo.si_signo == 0 )
pthread_cond_wait(&cond, &mutex);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
ksft_test_result(siginfo.si_signo == SIGSEGV &&
siginfo.si_code == SEGV_PKUERR,
"%s\n" , __func__);
}
/*
* Verify that the sigsegv handler that uses an alternate signal stack
* is correctly invoked for a thread which uses a non - zero MPK to protect
* its own stack , and disables all other MPKs ( including 0 ) .
*/
static void test_sigsegv_handler_with_different_pkey_for_stack(void )
{
struct sigaction sa;
static stack_t sigstack;
void *stack;
int pkey;
int parent_pid = 0 ;
int child_pid = 0 ;
u64 pkey_reg;
sa.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO | SA_ONSTACK;
sa.sa_sigaction = sigsegv_handler;
sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
if (sigaction(SIGSEGV, &sa, NULL) == -1 ) {
perror("sigaction" );
exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
stack = mmap(0 , STACK_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1 , 0 );
assert(stack != MAP_FAILED);
/* Allow access to MPK 0 and MPK 1 */
pkey_reg = pkey_reg_restrictive_default();
pkey_reg = set_pkey_bits(pkey_reg, 0 , PKEY_UNRESTRICTED);
pkey_reg = set_pkey_bits(pkey_reg, 1 , PKEY_UNRESTRICTED);
__write_pkey_reg(pkey_reg);
/* Protect the new stack with MPK 1 */
pkey = sys_pkey_alloc(0 , PKEY_UNRESTRICTED);
sys_mprotect_pkey(stack, STACK_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, pkey);
/* Set up alternate signal stack that will use the default MPK */
sigstack.ss_sp = mmap(0 , STACK_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1 , 0 );
sigstack.ss_flags = 0 ;
sigstack.ss_size = STACK_SIZE;
memset(&siginfo, 0 , sizeof (siginfo));
/* Use clone to avoid newer glibcs using rseq on new threads */
long ret = clone_raw(CLONE_VM | CLONE_FS | CLONE_FILES |
CLONE_SIGHAND | CLONE_THREAD | CLONE_SYSVSEM |
CLONE_PARENT_SETTID | CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID |
CLONE_DETACHED,
stack + STACK_SIZE,
&parent_pid,
&child_pid);
if (ret < 0 ) {
errno = -ret;
perror("clone" );
} else if (ret == 0 ) {
thread_segv_maperr_ptr(&sigstack);
syscall_raw(SYS_exit, 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 );
}
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
while (siginfo.si_signo == 0 )
pthread_cond_wait(&cond, &mutex);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
ksft_test_result(siginfo.si_signo == SIGSEGV &&
siginfo.si_code == SEGV_MAPERR &&
siginfo.si_addr == NULL,
"%s\n" , __func__);
}
/*
* Verify that the PKRU value set by the application is correctly
* restored upon return from signal handling .
*/
static void test_pkru_preserved_after_sigusr1(void )
{
struct sigaction sa;
u64 pkey_reg;
/* Allow access to MPK 0 and an arbitrary set of keys */
pkey_reg = pkey_reg_restrictive_default();
pkey_reg = set_pkey_bits(pkey_reg, 0 , PKEY_UNRESTRICTED);
pkey_reg = set_pkey_bits(pkey_reg, 3 , PKEY_UNRESTRICTED);
pkey_reg = set_pkey_bits(pkey_reg, 7 , PKEY_UNRESTRICTED);
sa.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO;
sa.sa_sigaction = sigusr1_handler;
sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
if (sigaction(SIGUSR1, &sa, NULL) == -1 ) {
perror("sigaction" );
exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
memset(&siginfo, 0 , sizeof (siginfo));
__write_pkey_reg(pkey_reg);
raise(SIGUSR1);
pthread_mutex_lock(&mutex);
while (siginfo.si_signo == 0 )
pthread_cond_wait(&cond, &mutex);
pthread_mutex_unlock(&mutex);
/* Ensure the pkru value is the same after returning from signal. */
ksft_test_result(pkey_reg == __read_pkey_reg() &&
siginfo.si_signo == SIGUSR1,
"%s\n" , __func__);
}
static noinline void *thread_sigusr2_self(void *ptr)
{
/*
* A const char array like " Resuming after SIGUSR2 " won ' t be stored on
* the stack and the code could access it via an offset from the program
* counter . This makes sure it ' s on the function ' s stack frame .
*/
char str[] = {'R' , 'e' , 's' , 'u' , 'm' , 'i' , 'n' , 'g' , ' ' ,
'a' , 'f' , 't' , 'e' , 'r' , ' ' ,
'S' , 'I' , 'G' , 'U' , 'S' , 'R' , '2' ,
'.' , '.' , '.' , '\n' , '\0' };
stack_t *stack = ptr;
u64 pkey_reg;
/*
* Setup alternate signal stack , which should be pkey_mprotect ( ) ed by
* MPK 0 . The thread ' s stack cannot be used for signals because it is
* not accessible by the default init_pkru value of 0 x55555554 .
*/
syscall(SYS_sigaltstack, (long )stack, 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 );
/* Disable MPK 0. Only MPK 2 is enabled. */
pkey_reg = pkey_reg_restrictive_default();
pkey_reg = set_pkey_bits(pkey_reg, 2 , PKEY_UNRESTRICTED);
__write_pkey_reg(pkey_reg);
raise_sigusr2();
/* Do something, to show the thread resumed execution after the signal */
syscall_raw(SYS_write, 1 , (long ) str, sizeof (str) - 1 , 0 , 0 , 0 );
/*
* We can ' t return to test_pkru_sigreturn because it
* will attempt to use a % rbp value which is on the stack
* of the main thread .
*/
syscall_raw(SYS_exit, 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 );
return NULL;
}
/*
* Verify that sigreturn is able to restore altstack even if the thread had
* disabled pkey 0 .
*/
static void test_pkru_sigreturn(void )
{
struct sigaction sa = {0 };
static stack_t sigstack;
void *stack;
int pkey;
int parent_pid = 0 ;
int child_pid = 0 ;
u64 pkey_reg;
sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
sa.sa_flags = 0 ;
sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
/*
* For this testcase , we do not want to handle SIGSEGV . Reset handler
* to default so that the application can crash if it receives SIGSEGV .
*/
if (sigaction(SIGSEGV, &sa, NULL) == -1 ) {
perror("sigaction" );
exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
sa.sa_flags = SA_SIGINFO | SA_ONSTACK;
sa.sa_sigaction = sigusr2_handler;
sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
if (sigaction(SIGUSR2, &sa, NULL) == -1 ) {
perror("sigaction" );
exit (EXIT_FAILURE);
}
stack = mmap(0 , STACK_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1 , 0 );
assert(stack != MAP_FAILED);
/*
* Allow access to MPK 0 and MPK 2 . The child thread ( to be created
* later in this flow ) will have its stack protected by MPK 2 , whereas
* the current thread ' s stack is protected by the default MPK 0 . Hence
* both need to be enabled .
*/
pkey_reg = pkey_reg_restrictive_default();
pkey_reg = set_pkey_bits(pkey_reg, 0 , PKEY_UNRESTRICTED);
pkey_reg = set_pkey_bits(pkey_reg, 2 , PKEY_UNRESTRICTED);
__write_pkey_reg(pkey_reg);
/* Protect the stack with MPK 2 */
pkey = sys_pkey_alloc(0 , PKEY_UNRESTRICTED);
sys_mprotect_pkey(stack, STACK_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, pkey);
/* Set up alternate signal stack that will use the default MPK */
sigstack.ss_sp = mmap(0 , STACK_SIZE, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1 , 0 );
sigstack.ss_flags = 0 ;
sigstack.ss_size = STACK_SIZE;
/* Use clone to avoid newer glibcs using rseq on new threads */
long ret = clone_raw(CLONE_VM | CLONE_FS | CLONE_FILES |
CLONE_SIGHAND | CLONE_THREAD | CLONE_SYSVSEM |
CLONE_PARENT_SETTID | CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID |
CLONE_DETACHED,
stack + STACK_SIZE,
&parent_pid,
&child_pid);
if (ret < 0 ) {
errno = -ret;
perror("clone" );
} else if (ret == 0 ) {
thread_sigusr2_self(&sigstack);
syscall_raw(SYS_exit, 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 );
}
child_pid = ret;
/* Check that thread exited */
do {
sched_yield();
ret = syscall_raw(SYS_tkill, child_pid, 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 );
} while (ret != -ESRCH && ret != -EINVAL);
ksft_test_result_pass("%s\n" , __func__);
}
static void (*pkey_tests[])(void ) = {
test_sigsegv_handler_with_pkey0_disabled,
test_sigsegv_handler_cannot_access_stack,
test_sigsegv_handler_with_different_pkey_for_stack,
test_pkru_preserved_after_sigusr1,
test_pkru_sigreturn
};
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int i;
ksft_print_header();
ksft_set_plan(ARRAY_SIZE(pkey_tests));
if (!is_pkeys_supported())
ksft_exit_skip("pkeys not supported\n" );
for (i = 0 ; i < ARRAY_SIZE(pkey_tests); i++)
(*pkey_tests[i])();
ksft_finished();
return 0 ;
}
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