// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
/* Common capabilities, needed by capability.o.
*/
#include <linux/capability.h>
#include <linux/audit.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/lsm_hooks.h>
#include <linux/file.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/mman.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/skbuff.h>
#include <linux/netlink.h>
#include <linux/ptrace.h>
#include <linux/xattr.h>
#include <linux/hugetlb.h>
#include <linux/mount.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/prctl.h>
#include <linux/securebits.h>
#include <linux/user_namespace.h>
#include <linux/binfmts.h>
#include <linux/personality.h>
#include <linux/mnt_idmapping.h>
#include <uapi/linux/lsm.h>
#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
#include <trace/events/capability.h>
/*
* If a non - root user executes a setuid - root binary in
* ! secure ( SECURE_NOROOT ) mode , then we raise capabilities .
* However if fE is also set , then the intent is for only
* the file capabilities to be applied , and the setuid - root
* bit is left on either to change the uid ( plausible ) or
* to get full privilege on a kernel without file capabilities
* support . So in that case we do not raise capabilities .
*
* Warn if that happens , once per boot .
*/
static void warn_setuid_and_fcaps_mixed(const char *fname)
{
static int warned;
if (!warned) {
printk(KERN_INFO "warning: `%s' has both setuid-root and"
" effective capabilities. Therefore not raising all"
" capabilities.\n" , fname);
warned = 1 ;
}
}
/**
* cap_capable_helper - Determine whether a task has a particular effective
* capability .
* @ cred : The credentials to use
* @ target_ns : The user namespace of the resource being accessed
* @ cred_ns : The user namespace of the credentials
* @ cap : The capability to check for
*
* Determine whether the nominated task has the specified capability amongst
* its effective set , returning 0 if it does , - ve if it does not .
*
* See cap_capable for more details .
*/
static inline int cap_capable_helper(const struct cred *cred,
struct user_namespace *target_ns,
const struct user_namespace *cred_ns,
int cap)
{
struct user_namespace *ns = target_ns;
/* See if cred has the capability in the target user namespace
* by examining the target user namespace and all of the target
* user namespace ' s parents .
*/
for (;;) {
/* Do we have the necessary capabilities? */
if (likely(ns == cred_ns))
return cap_raised(cred->cap_effective, cap) ? 0 : -EPERM;
/*
* If we ' re already at a lower level than we ' re looking for ,
* we ' re done searching .
*/
if (ns->level <= cred_ns->level)
return -EPERM;
/*
* The owner of the user namespace in the parent of the
* user namespace has all caps .
*/
if ((ns->parent == cred_ns) && uid_eq(ns->owner, cred->euid))
return 0 ;
/*
* If you have a capability in a parent user ns , then you have
* it over all children user namespaces as well .
*/
ns = ns->parent;
}
/* We never get here */
}
/**
* cap_capable - Determine whether a task has a particular effective capability
* @ cred : The credentials to use
* @ target_ns : The user namespace of the resource being accessed
* @ cap : The capability to check for
* @ opts : Bitmask of options defined in include / linux / security . h ( unused )
*
* Determine whether the nominated task has the specified capability amongst
* its effective set , returning 0 if it does , - ve if it does not .
*
* NOTE WELL : cap_capable ( ) has reverse semantics to the capable ( ) call
* and friends . That is cap_capable ( ) returns an int 0 when a task has
* a capability , while the kernel ' s capable ( ) , has_ns_capability ( ) ,
* has_ns_capability_noaudit ( ) , and has_capability_noaudit ( ) return a
* bool true ( 1 ) for this case .
*/
int cap_capable(const struct cred *cred, struct user_namespace *target_ns,
int cap, unsigned int opts)
{
const struct user_namespace *cred_ns = cred->user_ns;
int ret = cap_capable_helper(cred, target_ns, cred_ns, cap);
trace_cap_capable(cred, target_ns, cred_ns, cap, ret);
return ret;
}
/**
* cap_settime - Determine whether the current process may set the system clock
* @ ts : The time to set
* @ tz : The timezone to set
*
* Determine whether the current process may set the system clock and timezone
* information , returning 0 if permission granted , - ve if denied .
*/
int cap_settime(const struct timespec64 *ts, const struct timezone *tz)
{
if (!capable(CAP_SYS_TIME))
return -EPERM;
return 0 ;
}
/**
* cap_ptrace_access_check - Determine whether the current process may access
* another
* @ child : The process to be accessed
* @ mode : The mode of attachment .
*
* If we are in the same or an ancestor user_ns and have all the target
* task ' s capabilities , then ptrace access is allowed .
* If we have the ptrace capability to the target user_ns , then ptrace
* access is allowed .
* Else denied .
*
* Determine whether a process may access another , returning 0 if permission
* granted , - ve if denied .
*/
int cap_ptrace_access_check(struct task_struct *child, unsigned int mode)
{
int ret = 0 ;
const struct cred *cred, *child_cred;
const kernel_cap_t *caller_caps;
rcu_read_lock();
cred = current_cred();
child_cred = __task_cred(child);
if (mode & PTRACE_MODE_FSCREDS)
caller_caps = &cred->cap_effective;
else
caller_caps = &cred->cap_permitted;
if (cred->user_ns == child_cred->user_ns &&
cap_issubset(child_cred->cap_permitted, *caller_caps))
goto out;
if (ns_capable(child_cred->user_ns, CAP_SYS_PTRACE))
goto out;
ret = -EPERM;
out:
rcu_read_unlock();
return ret;
}
/**
* cap_ptrace_traceme - Determine whether another process may trace the current
* @ parent : The task proposed to be the tracer
*
* If parent is in the same or an ancestor user_ns and has all current ' s
* capabilities , then ptrace access is allowed .
* If parent has the ptrace capability to current ' s user_ns , then ptrace
* access is allowed .
* Else denied .
*
* Determine whether the nominated task is permitted to trace the current
* process , returning 0 if permission is granted , - ve if denied .
*/
int cap_ptrace_traceme(struct task_struct *parent)
{
int ret = 0 ;
const struct cred *cred, *child_cred;
rcu_read_lock();
cred = __task_cred(parent);
child_cred = current_cred();
if (cred->user_ns == child_cred->user_ns &&
cap_issubset(child_cred->cap_permitted, cred->cap_permitted))
goto out;
if (has_ns_capability(parent, child_cred->user_ns, CAP_SYS_PTRACE))
goto out;
ret = -EPERM;
out:
rcu_read_unlock();
return ret;
}
/**
* cap_capget - Retrieve a task ' s capability sets
* @ target : The task from which to retrieve the capability sets
* @ effective : The place to record the effective set
* @ inheritable : The place to record the inheritable set
* @ permitted : The place to record the permitted set
*
* This function retrieves the capabilities of the nominated task and returns
* them to the caller .
*/
int cap_capget(const struct task_struct *target, kernel_cap_t *effective,
kernel_cap_t *inheritable, kernel_cap_t *permitted)
{
const struct cred *cred;
/* Derived from kernel/capability.c:sys_capget. */
rcu_read_lock();
cred = __task_cred(target);
*effective = cred->cap_effective;
*inheritable = cred->cap_inheritable;
*permitted = cred->cap_permitted;
rcu_read_unlock();
return 0 ;
}
/*
* Determine whether the inheritable capabilities are limited to the old
* permitted set . Returns 1 if they are limited , 0 if they are not .
*/
static inline int cap_inh_is_capped(void )
{
/* they are so limited unless the current task has the CAP_SETPCAP
* capability
*/
if (cap_capable(current_cred(), current_cred()->user_ns,
CAP_SETPCAP, CAP_OPT_NONE) == 0 )
return 0 ;
return 1 ;
}
/**
* cap_capset - Validate and apply proposed changes to current ' s capabilities
* @ new : The proposed new credentials ; alterations should be made here
* @ old : The current task ' s current credentials
* @ effective : A pointer to the proposed new effective capabilities set
* @ inheritable : A pointer to the proposed new inheritable capabilities set
* @ permitted : A pointer to the proposed new permitted capabilities set
*
* This function validates and applies a proposed mass change to the current
* process ' s capability sets . The changes are made to the proposed new
* credentials , and assuming no error , will be committed by the caller of LSM .
*/
int cap_capset(struct cred *new ,
const struct cred *old,
const kernel_cap_t *effective,
const kernel_cap_t *inheritable,
const kernel_cap_t *permitted)
{
if (cap_inh_is_capped() &&
!cap_issubset(*inheritable,
cap_combine(old->cap_inheritable,
old->cap_permitted)))
/* incapable of using this inheritable set */
return -EPERM;
if (!cap_issubset(*inheritable,
cap_combine(old->cap_inheritable,
old->cap_bset)))
/* no new pI capabilities outside bounding set */
return -EPERM;
/* verify restrictions on target's new Permitted set */
if (!cap_issubset(*permitted, old->cap_permitted))
return -EPERM;
/* verify the _new_Effective_ is a subset of the _new_Permitted_ */
if (!cap_issubset(*effective, *permitted))
return -EPERM;
new ->cap_effective = *effective;
new ->cap_inheritable = *inheritable;
new ->cap_permitted = *permitted;
/*
* Mask off ambient bits that are no longer both permitted and
* inheritable .
*/
new ->cap_ambient = cap_intersect(new ->cap_ambient,
cap_intersect(*permitted,
*inheritable));
if (WARN_ON(!cap_ambient_invariant_ok(new )))
return -EINVAL;
return 0 ;
}
/**
* cap_inode_need_killpriv - Determine if inode change affects privileges
* @ dentry : The inode / dentry in being changed with change marked ATTR_KILL_PRIV
*
* Determine if an inode having a change applied that ' s marked ATTR_KILL_PRIV
* affects the security markings on that inode , and if it is , should
* inode_killpriv ( ) be invoked or the change rejected .
*
* Return : 1 if security . capability has a value , meaning inode_killpriv ( )
* is required , 0 otherwise , meaning inode_killpriv ( ) is not required .
*/
int cap_inode_need_killpriv(struct dentry *dentry)
{
struct inode *inode = d_backing_inode(dentry);
int error;
error = __vfs_getxattr(dentry, inode, XATTR_NAME_CAPS, NULL, 0 );
return error > 0 ;
}
/**
* cap_inode_killpriv - Erase the security markings on an inode
*
* @ idmap : idmap of the mount the inode was found from
* @ dentry : The inode / dentry to alter
*
* Erase the privilege - enhancing security markings on an inode .
*
* If the inode has been found through an idmapped mount the idmap of
* the vfsmount must be passed through @ idmap . This function will then
* take care to map the inode according to @ idmap before checking
* permissions . On non - idmapped mounts or if permission checking is to be
* performed on the raw inode simply pass @ nop_mnt_idmap .
*
* Return : 0 if successful , - ve on error .
*/
int cap_inode_killpriv(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct dentry *dentry)
{
int error;
error = __vfs_removexattr(idmap, dentry, XATTR_NAME_CAPS);
if (error == -EOPNOTSUPP)
error = 0 ;
return error;
}
static bool rootid_owns_currentns(vfsuid_t rootvfsuid)
{
struct user_namespace *ns;
kuid_t kroot;
if (!vfsuid_valid(rootvfsuid))
return false ;
kroot = vfsuid_into_kuid(rootvfsuid);
for (ns = current_user_ns();; ns = ns->parent) {
if (from_kuid(ns, kroot) == 0 )
return true ;
if (ns == &init_user_ns)
break ;
}
return false ;
}
static __u32 sansflags(__u32 m)
{
return m & ~VFS_CAP_FLAGS_EFFECTIVE;
}
static bool is_v2header(int size, const struct vfs_cap_data *cap)
{
if (size != XATTR_CAPS_SZ_2)
return false ;
return sansflags(le32_to_cpu(cap->magic_etc)) == VFS_CAP_REVISION_2;
}
static bool is_v3header(int size, const struct vfs_cap_data *cap)
{
if (size != XATTR_CAPS_SZ_3)
return false ;
return sansflags(le32_to_cpu(cap->magic_etc)) == VFS_CAP_REVISION_3;
}
/*
* getsecurity : We are called for security . * before any attempt to read the
* xattr from the inode itself .
*
* This gives us a chance to read the on - disk value and convert it . If we
* return - EOPNOTSUPP , then vfs_getxattr ( ) will call the i_op handler .
*
* Note we are not called by vfs_getxattr_alloc ( ) , but that is only called
* by the integrity subsystem , which really wants the unconverted values -
* so that ' s good .
*/
int cap_inode_getsecurity(struct mnt_idmap *idmap,
struct inode *inode, const char *name, void **buffer,
bool alloc)
{
int size;
kuid_t kroot;
vfsuid_t vfsroot;
u32 nsmagic, magic;
uid_t root, mappedroot;
char *tmpbuf = NULL;
struct vfs_cap_data *cap;
struct vfs_ns_cap_data *nscap = NULL;
struct dentry *dentry;
struct user_namespace *fs_ns;
if (strcmp(name, "capability" ) != 0 )
return -EOPNOTSUPP;
dentry = d_find_any_alias(inode);
if (!dentry)
return -EINVAL;
size = vfs_getxattr_alloc(idmap, dentry, XATTR_NAME_CAPS, &tmpbuf,
sizeof (struct vfs_ns_cap_data), GFP_NOFS);
dput(dentry);
/* gcc11 complains if we don't check for !tmpbuf */
if (size < 0 || !tmpbuf)
goto out_free;
fs_ns = inode->i_sb->s_user_ns;
cap = (struct vfs_cap_data *) tmpbuf;
if (is_v2header(size, cap)) {
root = 0 ;
} else if (is_v3header(size, cap)) {
nscap = (struct vfs_ns_cap_data *) tmpbuf;
root = le32_to_cpu(nscap->rootid);
} else {
size = -EINVAL;
goto out_free;
}
kroot = make_kuid(fs_ns, root);
/* If this is an idmapped mount shift the kuid. */
vfsroot = make_vfsuid(idmap, fs_ns, kroot);
/* If the root kuid maps to a valid uid in current ns, then return
* this as a nscap. */
mappedroot = from_kuid(current_user_ns(), vfsuid_into_kuid(vfsroot));
if (mappedroot != (uid_t)-1 && mappedroot != (uid_t)0 ) {
size = sizeof (struct vfs_ns_cap_data);
if (alloc) {
if (!nscap) {
/* v2 -> v3 conversion */
nscap = kzalloc(size, GFP_ATOMIC);
if (!nscap) {
size = -ENOMEM;
goto out_free;
}
nsmagic = VFS_CAP_REVISION_3;
magic = le32_to_cpu(cap->magic_etc);
if (magic & VFS_CAP_FLAGS_EFFECTIVE)
nsmagic |= VFS_CAP_FLAGS_EFFECTIVE;
memcpy(&nscap->data, &cap->data, sizeof (__le32) * 2 * VFS_CAP_U32);
nscap->magic_etc = cpu_to_le32(nsmagic);
} else {
/* use allocated v3 buffer */
tmpbuf = NULL;
}
nscap->rootid = cpu_to_le32(mappedroot);
*buffer = nscap;
}
goto out_free;
}
if (!rootid_owns_currentns(vfsroot)) {
size = -EOVERFLOW;
goto out_free;
}
/* This comes from a parent namespace. Return as a v2 capability */
size = sizeof (struct vfs_cap_data);
if (alloc) {
if (nscap) {
/* v3 -> v2 conversion */
cap = kzalloc(size, GFP_ATOMIC);
if (!cap) {
size = -ENOMEM;
goto out_free;
}
magic = VFS_CAP_REVISION_2;
nsmagic = le32_to_cpu(nscap->magic_etc);
if (nsmagic & VFS_CAP_FLAGS_EFFECTIVE)
magic |= VFS_CAP_FLAGS_EFFECTIVE;
memcpy(&cap->data, &nscap->data, sizeof (__le32) * 2 * VFS_CAP_U32);
cap->magic_etc = cpu_to_le32(magic);
} else {
/* use unconverted v2 */
tmpbuf = NULL;
}
*buffer = cap;
}
out_free:
kfree(tmpbuf);
return size;
}
/**
* rootid_from_xattr - translate root uid of vfs caps
*
* @ value : vfs caps value which may be modified by this function
* @ size : size of @ ivalue
* @ task_ns : user namespace of the caller
*/
static vfsuid_t rootid_from_xattr(const void *value, size_t size,
struct user_namespace *task_ns)
{
const struct vfs_ns_cap_data *nscap = value;
uid_t rootid = 0 ;
if (size == XATTR_CAPS_SZ_3)
rootid = le32_to_cpu(nscap->rootid);
return VFSUIDT_INIT(make_kuid(task_ns, rootid));
}
static bool validheader(size_t size, const struct vfs_cap_data *cap)
{
return is_v2header(size, cap) || is_v3header(size, cap);
}
/**
* cap_convert_nscap - check vfs caps
*
* @ idmap : idmap of the mount the inode was found from
* @ dentry : used to retrieve inode to check permissions on
* @ ivalue : vfs caps value which may be modified by this function
* @ size : size of @ ivalue
*
* User requested a write of security . capability . If needed , update the
* xattr to change from v2 to v3 , or to fixup the v3 rootid .
*
* If the inode has been found through an idmapped mount the idmap of
* the vfsmount must be passed through @ idmap . This function will then
* take care to map the inode according to @ idmap before checking
* permissions . On non - idmapped mounts or if permission checking is to be
* performed on the raw inode simply pass @ nop_mnt_idmap .
*
* Return : On success , return the new size ; on error , return < 0 .
*/
int cap_convert_nscap(struct mnt_idmap *idmap, struct dentry *dentry,
const void **ivalue, size_t size)
{
struct vfs_ns_cap_data *nscap;
uid_t nsrootid;
const struct vfs_cap_data *cap = *ivalue;
__u32 magic, nsmagic;
struct inode *inode = d_backing_inode(dentry);
struct user_namespace *task_ns = current_user_ns(),
*fs_ns = inode->i_sb->s_user_ns;
kuid_t rootid;
vfsuid_t vfsrootid;
size_t newsize;
if (!*ivalue)
return -EINVAL;
if (!validheader(size, cap))
return -EINVAL;
if (!capable_wrt_inode_uidgid(idmap, inode, CAP_SETFCAP))
return -EPERM;
if (size == XATTR_CAPS_SZ_2 && (idmap == &nop_mnt_idmap))
if (ns_capable(inode->i_sb->s_user_ns, CAP_SETFCAP))
/* user is privileged, just write the v2 */
return size;
vfsrootid = rootid_from_xattr(*ivalue, size, task_ns);
if (!vfsuid_valid(vfsrootid))
return -EINVAL;
rootid = from_vfsuid(idmap, fs_ns, vfsrootid);
if (!uid_valid(rootid))
return -EINVAL;
nsrootid = from_kuid(fs_ns, rootid);
if (nsrootid == -1 )
return -EINVAL;
newsize = sizeof (struct vfs_ns_cap_data);
nscap = kmalloc(newsize, GFP_ATOMIC);
if (!nscap)
return -ENOMEM;
nscap->rootid = cpu_to_le32(nsrootid);
nsmagic = VFS_CAP_REVISION_3;
magic = le32_to_cpu(cap->magic_etc);
if (magic & VFS_CAP_FLAGS_EFFECTIVE)
nsmagic |= VFS_CAP_FLAGS_EFFECTIVE;
nscap->magic_etc = cpu_to_le32(nsmagic);
memcpy(&nscap->data, &cap->data, sizeof (__le32) * 2 * VFS_CAP_U32);
*ivalue = nscap;
return newsize;
}
/*
* Calculate the new process capability sets from the capability sets attached
* to a file .
*/
static inline int bprm_caps_from_vfs_caps(struct cpu_vfs_cap_data *caps,
struct linux_binprm *bprm,
bool *effective,
bool *has_fcap)
{
struct cred *new = bprm->cred;
int ret = 0 ;
if (caps->magic_etc & VFS_CAP_FLAGS_EFFECTIVE)
*effective = true ;
if (caps->magic_etc & VFS_CAP_REVISION_MASK)
*has_fcap = true ;
/*
* pP ' = ( X & fP ) | ( pI & fI )
* The addition of pA ' is handled later .
*/
new ->cap_permitted.val =
(new ->cap_bset.val & caps->permitted.val) |
(new ->cap_inheritable.val & caps->inheritable.val);
if (caps->permitted.val & ~new ->cap_permitted.val)
/* insufficient to execute correctly */
ret = -EPERM;
/*
* For legacy apps , with no internal support for recognizing they
* do not have enough capabilities , we return an error if they are
* missing some " forced " ( aka file - permitted ) capabilities .
*/
return *effective ? ret : 0 ;
}
/**
* get_vfs_caps_from_disk - retrieve vfs caps from disk
*
* @ idmap : idmap of the mount the inode was found from
* @ dentry : dentry from which @ inode is retrieved
* @ cpu_caps : vfs capabilities
*
* Extract the on - exec - apply capability sets for an executable file .
*
* If the inode has been found through an idmapped mount the idmap of
* the vfsmount must be passed through @ idmap . This function will then
* take care to map the inode according to @ idmap before checking
* permissions . On non - idmapped mounts or if permission checking is to be
* performed on the raw inode simply pass @ nop_mnt_idmap .
*/
int get_vfs_caps_from_disk(struct mnt_idmap *idmap,
const struct dentry *dentry,
struct cpu_vfs_cap_data *cpu_caps)
{
struct inode *inode = d_backing_inode(dentry);
__u32 magic_etc;
int size;
struct vfs_ns_cap_data data, *nscaps = &data;
struct vfs_cap_data *caps = (struct vfs_cap_data *) &data;
kuid_t rootkuid;
vfsuid_t rootvfsuid;
struct user_namespace *fs_ns;
memset(cpu_caps, 0 , sizeof (struct cpu_vfs_cap_data));
if (!inode)
return -ENODATA;
fs_ns = inode->i_sb->s_user_ns;
size = __vfs_getxattr((struct dentry *)dentry, inode,
XATTR_NAME_CAPS, &data, XATTR_CAPS_SZ);
if (size == -ENODATA || size == -EOPNOTSUPP)
/* no data, that's ok */
return -ENODATA;
if (size < 0 )
return size;
if (size < sizeof (magic_etc))
return -EINVAL;
cpu_caps->magic_etc = magic_etc = le32_to_cpu(caps->magic_etc);
rootkuid = make_kuid(fs_ns, 0 );
switch (magic_etc & VFS_CAP_REVISION_MASK) {
case VFS_CAP_REVISION_1:
if (size != XATTR_CAPS_SZ_1)
return -EINVAL;
break ;
case VFS_CAP_REVISION_2:
if (size != XATTR_CAPS_SZ_2)
return -EINVAL;
break ;
case VFS_CAP_REVISION_3:
if (size != XATTR_CAPS_SZ_3)
return -EINVAL;
rootkuid = make_kuid(fs_ns, le32_to_cpu(nscaps->rootid));
break ;
default :
return -EINVAL;
}
rootvfsuid = make_vfsuid(idmap, fs_ns, rootkuid);
if (!vfsuid_valid(rootvfsuid))
return -ENODATA;
/* Limit the caps to the mounter of the filesystem
* or the more limited uid specified in the xattr .
*/
if (!rootid_owns_currentns(rootvfsuid))
return -ENODATA;
cpu_caps->permitted.val = le32_to_cpu(caps->data[0 ].permitted);
cpu_caps->inheritable.val = le32_to_cpu(caps->data[0 ].inheritable);
/*
* Rev1 had just a single 32 - bit word , later expanded
* to a second one for the high bits
*/
if ((magic_etc & VFS_CAP_REVISION_MASK) != VFS_CAP_REVISION_1) {
cpu_caps->permitted.val += (u64)le32_to_cpu(caps->data[1 ].permitted) << 32 ;
cpu_caps->inheritable.val += (u64)le32_to_cpu(caps->data[1 ].inheritable) << 32 ;
}
cpu_caps->permitted.val &= CAP_VALID_MASK;
cpu_caps->inheritable.val &= CAP_VALID_MASK;
cpu_caps->rootid = vfsuid_into_kuid(rootvfsuid);
return 0 ;
}
/*
* Attempt to get the on - exec apply capability sets for an executable file from
* its xattrs and , if present , apply them to the proposed credentials being
* constructed by execve ( ) .
*/
static int get_file_caps(struct linux_binprm *bprm, const struct file *file,
bool *effective, bool *has_fcap)
{
int rc = 0 ;
struct cpu_vfs_cap_data vcaps;
cap_clear(bprm->cred->cap_permitted);
if (!file_caps_enabled)
return 0 ;
if (!mnt_may_suid(file->f_path.mnt))
return 0 ;
/*
* This check is redundant with mnt_may_suid ( ) but is kept to make
* explicit that capability bits are limited to s_user_ns and its
* descendants .
*/
if (!current_in_userns(file->f_path.mnt->mnt_sb->s_user_ns))
return 0 ;
rc = get_vfs_caps_from_disk(file_mnt_idmap(file),
file->f_path.dentry, &vcaps);
if (rc < 0 ) {
if (rc == -EINVAL)
printk(KERN_NOTICE "Invalid argument reading file caps for %s\n" ,
bprm->filename);
else if (rc == -ENODATA)
rc = 0 ;
goto out;
}
rc = bprm_caps_from_vfs_caps(&vcaps, bprm, effective, has_fcap);
out:
if (rc)
cap_clear(bprm->cred->cap_permitted);
return rc;
}
static inline bool root_privileged(void ) { return !issecure(SECURE_NOROOT); }
static inline bool __is_real(kuid_t uid, struct cred *cred)
{ return uid_eq(cred->uid, uid); }
static inline bool __is_eff(kuid_t uid, struct cred *cred)
{ return uid_eq(cred->euid, uid); }
static inline bool __is_suid(kuid_t uid, struct cred *cred)
{ return !__is_real(uid, cred) && __is_eff(uid, cred); }
/*
* handle_privileged_root - Handle case of privileged root
* @ bprm : The execution parameters , including the proposed creds
* @ has_fcap : Are any file capabilities set ?
* @ effective : Do we have effective root privilege ?
* @ root_uid : This namespace ' root UID WRT initial USER namespace
*
* Handle the case where root is privileged and hasn ' t been neutered by
* SECURE_NOROOT . If file capabilities are set , they won ' t be combined with
* set UID root and nothing is changed . If we are root , cap_permitted is
* updated . If we have become set UID root , the effective bit is set .
*/
static void handle_privileged_root(struct linux_binprm *bprm, bool has_fcap,
bool *effective, kuid_t root_uid)
{
const struct cred *old = current_cred();
struct cred *new = bprm->cred;
if (!root_privileged())
return ;
/*
* If the legacy file capability is set , then don ' t set privs
* for a setuid root binary run by a non - root user . Do set it
* for a root user just to cause least surprise to an admin .
*/
if (has_fcap && __is_suid(root_uid, new )) {
warn_setuid_and_fcaps_mixed(bprm->filename);
return ;
}
/*
* To support inheritance of root - permissions and suid - root
* executables under compatibility mode , we override the
* capability sets for the file .
*/
if (__is_eff(root_uid, new ) || __is_real(root_uid, new )) {
/* pP' = (cap_bset & ~0) | (pI & ~0) */
new ->cap_permitted = cap_combine(old->cap_bset,
old->cap_inheritable);
}
/*
* If only the real uid is 0 , we do not set the effective bit .
*/
if (__is_eff(root_uid, new ))
*effective = true ;
}
#define __cap_gained(field, target, source) \
!cap_issubset(target->cap_## field, source->cap_## field)
#define __cap_grew(target, source, cred) \
!cap_issubset(cred->cap_## target, cred->cap_## source)
#define __cap_full(field, cred) \
cap_issubset(CAP_FULL_SET, cred->cap_## field)
/*
* 1 ) Audit candidate if current - > cap_effective is set
*
* We do not bother to audit if 3 things are true :
* 1 ) cap_effective has all caps
* 2 ) we became root * OR * are were already root
* 3 ) root is supposed to have all caps ( SECURE_NOROOT )
* Since this is just a normal root execing a process .
*
* Number 1 above might fail if you don ' t have a full bset , but I think
* that is interesting information to audit .
*
* A number of other conditions require logging :
* 2 ) something prevented setuid root getting all caps
* 3 ) non - setuid root gets fcaps
* 4 ) non - setuid root gets ambient
*/
static inline bool nonroot_raised_pE(struct cred *new , const struct cred *old,
kuid_t root, bool has_fcap)
{
bool ret = false ;
if ((__cap_grew(effective, ambient, new ) &&
!(__cap_full(effective, new ) &&
(__is_eff(root, new ) || __is_real(root, new )) &&
root_privileged())) ||
(root_privileged() &&
__is_suid(root, new ) &&
!__cap_full(effective, new )) ||
(uid_eq(new ->euid, old->euid) &&
((has_fcap &&
__cap_gained(permitted, new , old)) ||
__cap_gained(ambient, new , old))))
ret = true ;
return ret;
}
/**
* cap_bprm_creds_from_file - Set up the proposed credentials for execve ( ) .
* @ bprm : The execution parameters , including the proposed creds
* @ file : The file to pull the credentials from
*
* Set up the proposed credentials for a new execution context being
* constructed by execve ( ) . The proposed creds in @ bprm - > cred is altered ,
* which won ' t take effect immediately .
*
* Return : 0 if successful , - ve on error .
*/
int cap_bprm_creds_from_file(struct linux_binprm *bprm, const struct file *file)
{
/* Process setpcap binaries and capabilities for uid 0 */
const struct cred *old = current_cred();
struct cred *new = bprm->cred;
bool effective = false , has_fcap = false , id_changed;
int ret;
kuid_t root_uid;
if (WARN_ON(!cap_ambient_invariant_ok(old)))
return -EPERM;
ret = get_file_caps(bprm, file, &effective, &has_fcap);
if (ret < 0 )
return ret;
root_uid = make_kuid(new ->user_ns, 0 );
handle_privileged_root(bprm, has_fcap, &effective, root_uid);
/* if we have fs caps, clear dangerous personality flags */
if (__cap_gained(permitted, new , old))
bprm->per_clear |= PER_CLEAR_ON_SETID;
/* Don't let someone trace a set[ug]id/setpcap binary with the revised
* credentials unless they have the appropriate permit .
*
* In addition , if NO_NEW_PRIVS , then ensure we get no new privs .
*/
id_changed = !uid_eq(new ->euid, old->euid) || !in_group_p(new ->egid);
if ((id_changed || __cap_gained(permitted, new , old)) &&
((bprm->unsafe & ~LSM_UNSAFE_PTRACE) ||
!ptracer_capable(current, new ->user_ns))) {
/* downgrade; they get no more than they had, and maybe less */
if (!ns_capable(new ->user_ns, CAP_SETUID) ||
(bprm->unsafe & LSM_UNSAFE_NO_NEW_PRIVS)) {
new ->euid = new ->uid;
new ->egid = new ->gid;
}
new ->cap_permitted = cap_intersect(new ->cap_permitted,
old->cap_permitted);
}
new ->suid = new ->fsuid = new ->euid;
new ->sgid = new ->fsgid = new ->egid;
/* File caps or setid cancels ambient. */
if (has_fcap || id_changed)
cap_clear(new ->cap_ambient);
/*
* Now that we ' ve computed pA ' , update pP ' to give :
* pP ' = ( X & fP ) | ( pI & fI ) | pA '
*/
new ->cap_permitted = cap_combine(new ->cap_permitted, new ->cap_ambient);
/*
* Set pE ' = ( fE ? pP ' : pA ' ) . Because pA ' is zero if fE is set ,
* this is the same as pE ' = ( fE ? pP ' : 0 ) | pA ' .
*/
if (effective)
new ->cap_effective = new ->cap_permitted;
else
new ->cap_effective = new ->cap_ambient;
if (WARN_ON(!cap_ambient_invariant_ok(new )))
return -EPERM;
if (nonroot_raised_pE(new , old, root_uid, has_fcap)) {
ret = audit_log_bprm_fcaps(bprm, new , old);
if (ret < 0 )
return ret;
}
new ->securebits &= ~issecure_mask(SECURE_KEEP_CAPS);
if (WARN_ON(!cap_ambient_invariant_ok(new )))
return -EPERM;
/* Check for privilege-elevated exec. */
if (id_changed ||
!uid_eq(new ->euid, old->uid) ||
!gid_eq(new ->egid, old->gid) ||
(!__is_real(root_uid, new ) &&
(effective ||
__cap_grew(permitted, ambient, new ))))
bprm->secureexec = 1 ;
return 0 ;
}
/**
* cap_inode_setxattr - Determine whether an xattr may be altered
* @ dentry : The inode / dentry being altered
* @ name : The name of the xattr to be changed
* @ value : The value that the xattr will be changed to
* @ size : The size of value
* @ flags : The replacement flag
*
* Determine whether an xattr may be altered or set on an inode , returning 0 if
* permission is granted , - ve if denied .
*
* This is used to make sure security xattrs don ' t get updated or set by those
* who aren ' t privileged to do so .
*/
int cap_inode_setxattr(struct dentry *dentry, const char *name,
const void *value, size_t size, int flags)
{
struct user_namespace *user_ns = dentry->d_sb->s_user_ns;
/* Ignore non-security xattrs */
if (strncmp(name, XATTR_SECURITY_PREFIX,
XATTR_SECURITY_PREFIX_LEN) != 0 )
return 0 ;
/*
* For XATTR_NAME_CAPS the check will be done in
* cap_convert_nscap ( ) , called by setxattr ( )
*/
if (strcmp(name, XATTR_NAME_CAPS) == 0 )
return 0 ;
if (!ns_capable(user_ns, CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
return -EPERM;
return 0 ;
}
/**
* cap_inode_removexattr - Determine whether an xattr may be removed
*
* @ idmap : idmap of the mount the inode was found from
* @ dentry : The inode / dentry being altered
* @ name : The name of the xattr to be changed
*
* Determine whether an xattr may be removed from an inode , returning 0 if
* permission is granted , - ve if denied .
*
* If the inode has been found through an idmapped mount the idmap of
* the vfsmount must be passed through @ idmap . This function will then
* take care to map the inode according to @ idmap before checking
* permissions . On non - idmapped mounts or if permission checking is to be
* performed on the raw inode simply pass @ nop_mnt_idmap .
*
* This is used to make sure security xattrs don ' t get removed by those who
* aren ' t privileged to remove them .
*/
int cap_inode_removexattr(struct mnt_idmap *idmap,
struct dentry *dentry, const char *name)
{
struct user_namespace *user_ns = dentry->d_sb->s_user_ns;
/* Ignore non-security xattrs */
if (strncmp(name, XATTR_SECURITY_PREFIX,
XATTR_SECURITY_PREFIX_LEN) != 0 )
return 0 ;
if (strcmp(name, XATTR_NAME_CAPS) == 0 ) {
/* security.capability gets namespaced */
struct inode *inode = d_backing_inode(dentry);
if (!inode)
return -EINVAL;
if (!capable_wrt_inode_uidgid(idmap, inode, CAP_SETFCAP))
return -EPERM;
return 0 ;
}
if (!ns_capable(user_ns, CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
return -EPERM;
return 0 ;
}
/*
* cap_emulate_setxuid ( ) fixes the effective / permitted capabilities of
* a process after a call to setuid , setreuid , or setresuid .
*
* 1 ) When set * uiding _ from_ one of { r , e , s } uid = = 0 _ to_ all of
* { r , e , s } uid ! = 0 , the permitted and effective capabilities are
* cleared .
*
* 2 ) When set * uiding _ from_ euid = = 0 _ to_ euid ! = 0 , the effective
* capabilities of the process are cleared .
*
* 3 ) When set * uiding _ from_ euid ! = 0 _ to_ euid = = 0 , the effective
* capabilities are set to the permitted capabilities .
*
* fsuid is handled elsewhere . fsuid = = 0 and { r , e , s } uid ! = 0 should
* never happen .
*
* - astor
*
* cevans - New behaviour , Oct ' 99
* A process may , via prctl ( ) , elect to keep its capabilities when it
* calls setuid ( ) and switches away from uid = = 0 . Both permitted and
* effective sets will be retained .
* Without this change , it was impossible for a daemon to drop only some
* of its privilege . The call to setuid ( ! = 0 ) would drop all privileges !
* Keeping uid 0 is not an option because uid 0 owns too many vital
* files . .
* Thanks to Olaf Kirch and Peter Benie for spotting this .
*/
static inline void cap_emulate_setxuid(struct cred *new , const struct cred *old)
{
kuid_t root_uid = make_kuid(old->user_ns, 0 );
if ((uid_eq(old->uid, root_uid) ||
uid_eq(old->euid, root_uid) ||
uid_eq(old->suid, root_uid)) &&
(!uid_eq(new ->uid, root_uid) &&
!uid_eq(new ->euid, root_uid) &&
!uid_eq(new ->suid, root_uid))) {
if (!issecure(SECURE_KEEP_CAPS)) {
cap_clear(new ->cap_permitted);
cap_clear(new ->cap_effective);
}
/*
* Pre - ambient programs expect setresuid to nonroot followed
* by exec to drop capabilities . We should make sure that
* this remains the case .
*/
cap_clear(new ->cap_ambient);
}
if (uid_eq(old->euid, root_uid) && !uid_eq(new ->euid, root_uid))
cap_clear(new ->cap_effective);
if (!uid_eq(old->euid, root_uid) && uid_eq(new ->euid, root_uid))
new ->cap_effective = new ->cap_permitted;
}
/**
* cap_task_fix_setuid - Fix up the results of setuid ( ) call
* @ new : The proposed credentials
* @ old : The current task ' s current credentials
* @ flags : Indications of what has changed
*
* Fix up the results of setuid ( ) call before the credential changes are
* actually applied .
*
* Return : 0 to grant the changes , - ve to deny them .
*/
int cap_task_fix_setuid(struct cred *new , const struct cred *old, int flags)
{
switch (flags) {
case LSM_SETID_RE:
case LSM_SETID_ID:
case LSM_SETID_RES:
/* juggle the capabilities to follow [RES]UID changes unless
* otherwise suppressed */
if (!issecure(SECURE_NO_SETUID_FIXUP))
cap_emulate_setxuid(new , old);
break ;
case LSM_SETID_FS:
/* juggle the capabilities to follow FSUID changes, unless
* otherwise suppressed
*
* FIXME - is fsuser used for all CAP_FS_MASK capabilities ?
* if not , we might be a bit too harsh here .
*/
if (!issecure(SECURE_NO_SETUID_FIXUP)) {
kuid_t root_uid = make_kuid(old->user_ns, 0 );
if (uid_eq(old->fsuid, root_uid) && !uid_eq(new ->fsuid, root_uid))
new ->cap_effective =
cap_drop_fs_set(new ->cap_effective);
if (!uid_eq(old->fsuid, root_uid) && uid_eq(new ->fsuid, root_uid))
new ->cap_effective =
cap_raise_fs_set(new ->cap_effective,
new ->cap_permitted);
}
break ;
default :
return -EINVAL;
}
return 0 ;
}
/*
* Rationale : code calling task_setscheduler , task_setioprio , and
* task_setnice , assumes that
* . if capable ( cap_sys_nice ) , then those actions should be allowed
* . if not capable ( cap_sys_nice ) , but acting on your own processes ,
* then those actions should be allowed
* This is insufficient now since you can call code without suid , but
* yet with increased caps .
* So we check for increased caps on the target process .
*/
static int cap_safe_nice(struct task_struct *p)
{
int is_subset, ret = 0 ;
rcu_read_lock();
is_subset = cap_issubset(__task_cred(p)->cap_permitted,
current_cred()->cap_permitted);
if (!is_subset && !ns_capable(__task_cred(p)->user_ns, CAP_SYS_NICE))
ret = -EPERM;
rcu_read_unlock();
return ret;
}
/**
* cap_task_setscheduler - Determine if scheduler policy change is permitted
* @ p : The task to affect
*
* Determine if the requested scheduler policy change is permitted for the
* specified task .
*
* Return : 0 if permission is granted , - ve if denied .
*/
int cap_task_setscheduler(struct task_struct *p)
{
return cap_safe_nice(p);
}
/**
* cap_task_setioprio - Determine if I / O priority change is permitted
* @ p : The task to affect
* @ ioprio : The I / O priority to set
*
* Determine if the requested I / O priority change is permitted for the specified
* task .
*
* Return : 0 if permission is granted , - ve if denied .
*/
int cap_task_setioprio(struct task_struct *p, int ioprio)
{
return cap_safe_nice(p);
}
/**
* cap_task_setnice - Determine if task priority change is permitted
* @ p : The task to affect
* @ nice : The nice value to set
*
* Determine if the requested task priority change is permitted for the
* specified task .
*
* Return : 0 if permission is granted , - ve if denied .
*/
int cap_task_setnice(struct task_struct *p, int nice)
{
return cap_safe_nice(p);
}
/*
* Implement PR_CAPBSET_DROP . Attempt to remove the specified capability from
* the current task ' s bounding set . Returns 0 on success , - ve on error .
*/
static int cap_prctl_drop(unsigned long cap)
{
struct cred *new ;
if (!ns_capable(current_user_ns(), CAP_SETPCAP))
return -EPERM;
if (!cap_valid(cap))
return -EINVAL;
new = prepare_creds();
if (!new )
return -ENOMEM;
cap_lower(new ->cap_bset, cap);
return commit_creds(new );
}
/**
* cap_task_prctl - Implement process control functions for this security module
* @ option : The process control function requested
* @ arg2 : The argument data for this function
* @ arg3 : The argument data for this function
* @ arg4 : The argument data for this function
* @ arg5 : The argument data for this function
*
* Allow process control functions ( sys_prctl ( ) ) to alter capabilities ; may
* also deny access to other functions not otherwise implemented here .
*
* Return : 0 or + ve on success , - ENOSYS if this function is not implemented
* here , other - ve on error . If - ENOSYS is returned , sys_prctl ( ) and other LSM
* modules will consider performing the function .
*/
int cap_task_prctl(int option, unsigned long arg2, unsigned long arg3,
unsigned long arg4, unsigned long arg5)
{
const struct cred *old = current_cred();
struct cred *new ;
switch (option) {
case PR_CAPBSET_READ:
if (!cap_valid(arg2))
return -EINVAL;
return !!cap_raised(old->cap_bset, arg2);
case PR_CAPBSET_DROP:
return cap_prctl_drop(arg2);
/*
* The next four prctl ' s remain to assist with transitioning a
* system from legacy UID = 0 based privilege ( when filesystem
* capabilities are not in use ) to a system using filesystem
* capabilities only - as the POSIX . 1 e draft intended .
*
* Note :
*
* PR_SET_SECUREBITS =
* issecure_mask ( SECURE_KEEP_CAPS_LOCKED )
* | issecure_mask ( SECURE_NOROOT )
* | issecure_mask ( SECURE_NOROOT_LOCKED )
* | issecure_mask ( SECURE_NO_SETUID_FIXUP )
* | issecure_mask ( SECURE_NO_SETUID_FIXUP_LOCKED )
*
* will ensure that the current process and all of its
* children will be locked into a pure
* capability - based - privilege environment .
*/
case PR_SET_SECUREBITS:
if ((((old->securebits & SECURE_ALL_LOCKS) >> 1 )
& (old->securebits ^ arg2)) /*[1]*/
|| ((old->securebits & SECURE_ALL_LOCKS & ~arg2)) /*[2]*/
|| (arg2 & ~(SECURE_ALL_LOCKS | SECURE_ALL_BITS)) /*[3]*/
/*
* [ 1 ] no changing of bits that are locked
* [ 2 ] no unlocking of locks
* [ 3 ] no setting of unsupported bits
*/
)
/* cannot change a locked bit */
return -EPERM;
/*
* Doing anything requires privilege ( go read about the
* " sendmail capabilities bug " ) , except for unprivileged bits .
* Indeed , the SECURE_ALL_UNPRIVILEGED bits are not
* restrictions enforced by the kernel but by user space on
* itself .
*/
if (cap_capable(current_cred(), current_cred()->user_ns,
CAP_SETPCAP, CAP_OPT_NONE) != 0 ) {
const unsigned long unpriv_and_locks =
SECURE_ALL_UNPRIVILEGED |
SECURE_ALL_UNPRIVILEGED << 1 ;
const unsigned long changed = old->securebits ^ arg2;
/* For legacy reason, denies non-change. */
if (!changed)
return -EPERM;
/* Denies privileged changes. */
if (changed & ~unpriv_and_locks)
return -EPERM;
}
new = prepare_creds();
if (!new )
return -ENOMEM;
new ->securebits = arg2;
return commit_creds(new );
case PR_GET_SECUREBITS:
return old->securebits;
case PR_GET_KEEPCAPS:
return !!issecure(SECURE_KEEP_CAPS);
case PR_SET_KEEPCAPS:
if (arg2 > 1 ) /* Note, we rely on arg2 being unsigned here */
return -EINVAL;
if (issecure(SECURE_KEEP_CAPS_LOCKED))
return -EPERM;
new = prepare_creds();
if (!new )
return -ENOMEM;
if (arg2)
new ->securebits |= issecure_mask(SECURE_KEEP_CAPS);
else
new ->securebits &= ~issecure_mask(SECURE_KEEP_CAPS);
return commit_creds(new );
case PR_CAP_AMBIENT:
if (arg2 == PR_CAP_AMBIENT_CLEAR_ALL) {
if (arg3 | arg4 | arg5)
return -EINVAL;
new = prepare_creds();
if (!new )
return -ENOMEM;
cap_clear(new ->cap_ambient);
return commit_creds(new );
}
if (((!cap_valid(arg3)) | arg4 | arg5))
return -EINVAL;
if (arg2 == PR_CAP_AMBIENT_IS_SET) {
return !!cap_raised(current_cred()->cap_ambient, arg3);
} else if (arg2 != PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE &&
arg2 != PR_CAP_AMBIENT_LOWER) {
return -EINVAL;
} else {
if (arg2 == PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE &&
(!cap_raised(current_cred()->cap_permitted, arg3) ||
!cap_raised(current_cred()->cap_inheritable,
arg3) ||
issecure(SECURE_NO_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE)))
return -EPERM;
new = prepare_creds();
if (!new )
return -ENOMEM;
if (arg2 == PR_CAP_AMBIENT_RAISE)
cap_raise(new ->cap_ambient, arg3);
else
cap_lower(new ->cap_ambient, arg3);
return commit_creds(new );
}
default :
/* No functionality available - continue with default */
return -ENOSYS;
}
}
/**
* cap_vm_enough_memory - Determine whether a new virtual mapping is permitted
* @ mm : The VM space in which the new mapping is to be made
* @ pages : The size of the mapping
*
* Determine whether the allocation of a new virtual mapping by the current
* task is permitted .
*
* Return : 0 if permission granted , negative error code if not .
*/
int cap_vm_enough_memory(struct mm_struct *mm, long pages)
{
return cap_capable(current_cred(), &init_user_ns, CAP_SYS_ADMIN,
CAP_OPT_NOAUDIT);
}
/**
* cap_mmap_addr - check if able to map given addr
* @ addr : address attempting to be mapped
*
* If the process is attempting to map memory below dac_mmap_min_addr they need
* CAP_SYS_RAWIO . The other parameters to this function are unused by the
* capability security module .
*
* Return : 0 if this mapping should be allowed or - EPERM if not .
*/
int cap_mmap_addr(unsigned long addr)
{
int ret = 0 ;
if (addr < dac_mmap_min_addr) {
ret = cap_capable(current_cred(), &init_user_ns, CAP_SYS_RAWIO,
CAP_OPT_NONE);
/* set PF_SUPERPRIV if it turns out we allow the low mmap */
if (ret == 0 )
current->flags |= PF_SUPERPRIV;
}
return ret;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY
static const struct lsm_id capability_lsmid = {
.name = "capability" ,
.id = LSM_ID_CAPABILITY,
};
static struct security_hook_list capability_hooks[] __ro_after_init = {
LSM_HOOK_INIT(capable, cap_capable),
LSM_HOOK_INIT(settime, cap_settime),
LSM_HOOK_INIT(ptrace_access_check, cap_ptrace_access_check),
LSM_HOOK_INIT(ptrace_traceme, cap_ptrace_traceme),
LSM_HOOK_INIT(capget, cap_capget),
LSM_HOOK_INIT(capset, cap_capset),
LSM_HOOK_INIT(bprm_creds_from_file, cap_bprm_creds_from_file),
LSM_HOOK_INIT(inode_need_killpriv, cap_inode_need_killpriv),
LSM_HOOK_INIT(inode_killpriv, cap_inode_killpriv),
LSM_HOOK_INIT(inode_getsecurity, cap_inode_getsecurity),
LSM_HOOK_INIT(mmap_addr, cap_mmap_addr),
LSM_HOOK_INIT(task_fix_setuid, cap_task_fix_setuid),
LSM_HOOK_INIT(task_prctl, cap_task_prctl),
LSM_HOOK_INIT(task_setscheduler, cap_task_setscheduler),
LSM_HOOK_INIT(task_setioprio, cap_task_setioprio),
LSM_HOOK_INIT(task_setnice, cap_task_setnice),
LSM_HOOK_INIT(vm_enough_memory, cap_vm_enough_memory),
};
static int __init capability_init(void )
{
security_add_hooks(capability_hooks, ARRAY_SIZE(capability_hooks),
&capability_lsmid);
return 0 ;
}
DEFINE_LSM(capability) = {
.name = "capability" ,
.order = LSM_ORDER_FIRST,
.init = capability_init,
};
#endif /* CONFIG_SECURITY */
Messung V0.5 in Prozent C=94 H=97 G=95
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