// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
* UHID Example
*
* Copyright ( c ) 2012 - 2013 David Herrmann < dh . herrmann @ gmail . com >
*
* The code may be used by anyone for any purpose ,
* and can serve as a starting point for developing
* applications using uhid .
*/
/*
* UHID Example
* This example emulates a basic 3 buttons mouse with wheel over UHID . Run this
* program as root and then use the following keys to control the mouse :
* q : Quit the application
* 1 : Toggle left button ( down , up , . . . )
* 2 : Toggle right button
* 3 : Toggle middle button
* a : Move mouse left
* d : Move mouse right
* w : Move mouse up
* s : Move mouse down
* r : Move wheel up
* f : Move wheel down
*
* Additionally to 3 button mouse , 3 keyboard LEDs are also supported ( LED_NUML ,
* LED_CAPSL and LED_SCROLLL ) . The device doesn ' t generate any related keyboard
* events , though . You need to manually write the EV_LED / LED_XY / 1 activation
* input event to the evdev device to see it being sent to this device .
*
* If uhid is not available as / dev / uhid , then you can pass a different path as
* first argument .
* If < linux / uhid . h > is not installed in / usr , then compile this with :
* gcc - o . / uhid_test - Wall - I . / include . / samples / uhid / uhid - example . c
* And ignore the warning about kernel headers . However , it is recommended to
* use the installed uhid . h if available .
*/
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <linux/uhid.h>
/*
* HID Report Desciptor
* We emulate a basic 3 button mouse with wheel and 3 keyboard LEDs . This is
* the report - descriptor as the kernel will parse it :
*
* INPUT ( 1 ) [ INPUT ]
* Field ( 0 )
* Physical ( GenericDesktop . Pointer )
* Application ( GenericDesktop . Mouse )
* Usage ( 3 )
* Button . 0001
* Button . 0002
* Button . 0003
* Logical Minimum ( 0 )
* Logical Maximum ( 1 )
* Report Size ( 1 )
* Report Count ( 3 )
* Report Offset ( 0 )
* Flags ( Variable Absolute )
* Field ( 1 )
* Physical ( GenericDesktop . Pointer )
* Application ( GenericDesktop . Mouse )
* Usage ( 3 )
* GenericDesktop . X
* GenericDesktop . Y
* GenericDesktop . Wheel
* Logical Minimum ( - 128 )
* Logical Maximum ( 127 )
* Report Size ( 8 )
* Report Count ( 3 )
* Report Offset ( 8 )
* Flags ( Variable Relative )
* OUTPUT ( 2 ) [ OUTPUT ]
* Field ( 0 )
* Application ( GenericDesktop . Keyboard )
* Usage ( 3 )
* LED . NumLock
* LED . CapsLock
* LED . ScrollLock
* Logical Minimum ( 0 )
* Logical Maximum ( 1 )
* Report Size ( 1 )
* Report Count ( 3 )
* Report Offset ( 0 )
* Flags ( Variable Absolute )
*
* This is the mapping that we expect :
* Button . 0001 - - - > Key . LeftBtn
* Button . 0002 - - - > Key . RightBtn
* Button . 0003 - - - > Key . MiddleBtn
* GenericDesktop . X - - - > Relative . X
* GenericDesktop . Y - - - > Relative . Y
* GenericDesktop . Wheel - - - > Relative . Wheel
* LED . NumLock - - - > LED . NumLock
* LED . CapsLock - - - > LED . CapsLock
* LED . ScrollLock - - - > LED . ScrollLock
*
* This information can be verified by reading / sys / kernel / debug / hid / < dev > / rdesc
* This file should print the same information as showed above .
*/
static unsigned char rdesc[] = {
0 x05, 0 x01, /* USAGE_PAGE (Generic Desktop) */
0 x09, 0 x02, /* USAGE (Mouse) */
0 xa1, 0 x01, /* COLLECTION (Application) */
0 x09, 0 x01, /* USAGE (Pointer) */
0 xa1, 0 x00, /* COLLECTION (Physical) */
0 x85, 0 x01, /* REPORT_ID (1) */
0 x05, 0 x09, /* USAGE_PAGE (Button) */
0 x19, 0 x01, /* USAGE_MINIMUM (Button 1) */
0 x29, 0 x03, /* USAGE_MAXIMUM (Button 3) */
0 x15, 0 x00, /* LOGICAL_MINIMUM (0) */
0 x25, 0 x01, /* LOGICAL_MAXIMUM (1) */
0 x95, 0 x03, /* REPORT_COUNT (3) */
0 x75, 0 x01, /* REPORT_SIZE (1) */
0 x81, 0 x02, /* INPUT (Data,Var,Abs) */
0 x95, 0 x01, /* REPORT_COUNT (1) */
0 x75, 0 x05, /* REPORT_SIZE (5) */
0 x81, 0 x01, /* INPUT (Cnst,Var,Abs) */
0 x05, 0 x01, /* USAGE_PAGE (Generic Desktop) */
0 x09, 0 x30, /* USAGE (X) */
0 x09, 0 x31, /* USAGE (Y) */
0 x09, 0 x38, /* USAGE (WHEEL) */
0 x15, 0 x81, /* LOGICAL_MINIMUM (-127) */
0 x25, 0 x7f, /* LOGICAL_MAXIMUM (127) */
0 x75, 0 x08, /* REPORT_SIZE (8) */
0 x95, 0 x03, /* REPORT_COUNT (3) */
0 x81, 0 x06, /* INPUT (Data,Var,Rel) */
0 xc0, /* END_COLLECTION */
0 xc0, /* END_COLLECTION */
0 x05, 0 x01, /* USAGE_PAGE (Generic Desktop) */
0 x09, 0 x06, /* USAGE (Keyboard) */
0 xa1, 0 x01, /* COLLECTION (Application) */
0 x85, 0 x02, /* REPORT_ID (2) */
0 x05, 0 x08, /* USAGE_PAGE (Led) */
0 x19, 0 x01, /* USAGE_MINIMUM (1) */
0 x29, 0 x03, /* USAGE_MAXIMUM (3) */
0 x15, 0 x00, /* LOGICAL_MINIMUM (0) */
0 x25, 0 x01, /* LOGICAL_MAXIMUM (1) */
0 x95, 0 x03, /* REPORT_COUNT (3) */
0 x75, 0 x01, /* REPORT_SIZE (1) */
0 x91, 0 x02, /* Output (Data,Var,Abs) */
0 x95, 0 x01, /* REPORT_COUNT (1) */
0 x75, 0 x05, /* REPORT_SIZE (5) */
0 x91, 0 x01, /* Output (Cnst,Var,Abs) */
0 xc0, /* END_COLLECTION */
};
static int uhid_write(int fd, const struct uhid_event *ev)
{
ssize_t ret;
ret = write(fd, ev, sizeof (*ev));
if (ret < 0 ) {
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot write to uhid: %m\n" );
return -errno;
} else if (ret != sizeof (*ev)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Wrong size written to uhid: %zd != %zu\n" ,
ret, sizeof (ev));
return -EFAULT;
} else {
return 0 ;
}
}
static int create(int fd)
{
struct uhid_event ev;
memset(&ev, 0 , sizeof (ev));
ev.type = UHID_CREATE;
strcpy((char *)ev.u.create.name, "test-uhid-device" );
ev.u.create.rd_data = rdesc;
ev.u.create.rd_size = sizeof (rdesc);
ev.u.create.bus = BUS_USB;
ev.u.create.vendor = 0 x15d9;
ev.u.create.product = 0 x0a37;
ev.u.create.version = 0 ;
ev.u.create.country = 0 ;
return uhid_write(fd, &ev);
}
static void destroy(int fd)
{
struct uhid_event ev;
memset(&ev, 0 , sizeof (ev));
ev.type = UHID_DESTROY;
uhid_write(fd, &ev);
}
/* This parses raw output reports sent by the kernel to the device. A normal
* uhid program shouldn ' t do this but instead just forward the raw report .
* However , for ducomentational purposes , we try to detect LED events here and
* print debug messages for it. */
static void handle_output(struct uhid_event *ev)
{
/* LED messages are adverised via OUTPUT reports; ignore the rest */
if (ev->u.output.rtype != UHID_OUTPUT_REPORT)
return ;
/* LED reports have length 2 bytes */
if (ev->u.output.size != 2 )
return ;
/* first byte is report-id which is 0x02 for LEDs in our rdesc */
if (ev->u.output.data[0 ] != 0 x2)
return ;
/* print flags payload */
fprintf(stderr, "LED output report received with flags %x\n" ,
ev->u.output.data[1 ]);
}
static int event(int fd)
{
struct uhid_event ev;
ssize_t ret;
memset(&ev, 0 , sizeof (ev));
ret = read(fd, &ev, sizeof (ev));
if (ret == 0 ) {
fprintf(stderr, "Read HUP on uhid-cdev\n" );
return -EFAULT;
} else if (ret < 0 ) {
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot read uhid-cdev: %m\n" );
return -errno;
} else if (ret != sizeof (ev)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Invalid size read from uhid-dev: %zd != %zu\n" ,
ret, sizeof (ev));
return -EFAULT;
}
switch (ev.type) {
case UHID_START:
fprintf(stderr, "UHID_START from uhid-dev\n" );
break ;
case UHID_STOP:
fprintf(stderr, "UHID_STOP from uhid-dev\n" );
break ;
case UHID_OPEN:
fprintf(stderr, "UHID_OPEN from uhid-dev\n" );
break ;
case UHID_CLOSE:
fprintf(stderr, "UHID_CLOSE from uhid-dev\n" );
break ;
case UHID_OUTPUT:
fprintf(stderr, "UHID_OUTPUT from uhid-dev\n" );
handle_output(&ev);
break ;
case UHID_OUTPUT_EV:
fprintf(stderr, "UHID_OUTPUT_EV from uhid-dev\n" );
break ;
default :
fprintf(stderr, "Invalid event from uhid-dev: %u\n" , ev.type);
}
return 0 ;
}
static bool btn1_down;
static bool btn2_down;
static bool btn3_down;
static signed char abs_hor;
static signed char abs_ver;
static signed char wheel;
static int send_event(int fd)
{
struct uhid_event ev;
memset(&ev, 0 , sizeof (ev));
ev.type = UHID_INPUT;
ev.u.input.size = 5 ;
ev.u.input.data[0 ] = 0 x1;
if (btn1_down)
ev.u.input.data[1 ] |= 0 x1;
if (btn2_down)
ev.u.input.data[1 ] |= 0 x2;
if (btn3_down)
ev.u.input.data[1 ] |= 0 x4;
ev.u.input.data[2 ] = abs_hor;
ev.u.input.data[3 ] = abs_ver;
ev.u.input.data[4 ] = wheel;
return uhid_write(fd, &ev);
}
static int keyboard(int fd)
{
char buf[128 ];
ssize_t ret, i;
ret = read(STDIN_FILENO, buf, sizeof (buf));
if (ret == 0 ) {
fprintf(stderr, "Read HUP on stdin\n" );
return -EFAULT;
} else if (ret < 0 ) {
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot read stdin: %m\n" );
return -errno;
}
for (i = 0 ; i < ret; ++i) {
switch (buf[i]) {
case '1' :
btn1_down = !btn1_down;
ret = send_event(fd);
if (ret)
return ret;
break ;
case '2' :
btn2_down = !btn2_down;
ret = send_event(fd);
if (ret)
return ret;
break ;
case '3' :
btn3_down = !btn3_down;
ret = send_event(fd);
if (ret)
return ret;
break ;
case 'a' :
abs_hor = -20 ;
ret = send_event(fd);
abs_hor = 0 ;
if (ret)
return ret;
break ;
case 'd' :
abs_hor = 20 ;
ret = send_event(fd);
abs_hor = 0 ;
if (ret)
return ret;
break ;
case 'w' :
abs_ver = -20 ;
ret = send_event(fd);
abs_ver = 0 ;
if (ret)
return ret;
break ;
case 's' :
abs_ver = 20 ;
ret = send_event(fd);
abs_ver = 0 ;
if (ret)
return ret;
break ;
case 'r' :
wheel = 1 ;
ret = send_event(fd);
wheel = 0 ;
if (ret)
return ret;
break ;
case 'f' :
wheel = -1 ;
ret = send_event(fd);
wheel = 0 ;
if (ret)
return ret;
break ;
case 'q' :
return -ECANCELED;
default :
fprintf(stderr, "Invalid input: %c\n" , buf[i]);
}
}
return 0 ;
}
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
int fd;
const char *path = "/dev/uhid" ;
struct pollfd pfds[2 ];
int ret;
struct termios state;
ret = tcgetattr(STDIN_FILENO, &state);
if (ret) {
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot get tty state\n" );
} else {
state.c_lflag &= ~ICANON;
state.c_cc[VMIN] = 1 ;
ret = tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSANOW, &state);
if (ret)
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot set tty state\n" );
}
if (argc >= 2 ) {
if (!strcmp(argv[1 ], "-h" ) || !strcmp(argv[1 ], "--help" )) {
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [%s]\n" , argv[0 ], path);
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
} else {
path = argv[1 ];
}
}
fprintf(stderr, "Open uhid-cdev %s\n" , path);
fd = open(path, O_RDWR | O_CLOEXEC);
if (fd < 0 ) {
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot open uhid-cdev %s: %m\n" , path);
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
fprintf(stderr, "Create uhid device\n" );
ret = create(fd);
if (ret) {
close(fd);
return EXIT_FAILURE;
}
pfds[0 ].fd = STDIN_FILENO;
pfds[0 ].events = POLLIN;
pfds[1 ].fd = fd;
pfds[1 ].events = POLLIN;
fprintf(stderr, "Press 'q' to quit...\n" );
while (1 ) {
ret = poll(pfds, 2 , -1 );
if (ret < 0 ) {
fprintf(stderr, "Cannot poll for fds: %m\n" );
break ;
}
if (pfds[0 ].revents & POLLHUP) {
fprintf(stderr, "Received HUP on stdin\n" );
break ;
}
if (pfds[1 ].revents & POLLHUP) {
fprintf(stderr, "Received HUP on uhid-cdev\n" );
break ;
}
if (pfds[0 ].revents & POLLIN) {
ret = keyboard(fd);
if (ret)
break ;
}
if (pfds[1 ].revents & POLLIN) {
ret = event(fd);
if (ret)
break ;
}
}
fprintf(stderr, "Destroy uhid device\n" );
destroy(fd);
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}
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