// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
/*
* Copyright ( C ) 2017 Joe Lawrence < joe . lawrence @ redhat . com >
*/
/*
* livepatch - shadow - mod . c - Shadow variables , buggy module demo
*
* Purpose
* - - - - - - -
*
* As a demonstration of livepatch shadow variable API , this module
* introduces memory leak behavior that livepatch modules
* livepatch - shadow - fix1 . ko and livepatch - shadow - fix2 . ko correct and
* enhance .
*
* WARNING - even though the livepatch - shadow - fix modules patch the
* memory leak , please load these modules at your own risk - - some
* amount of memory may leaked before the bug is patched .
*
*
* Usage
* - - - - -
*
* Step 1 - Load the buggy demonstration module :
*
* insmod samples / livepatch / livepatch - shadow - mod . ko
*
* Watch dmesg output for a few moments to see new dummy being allocated
* and a periodic cleanup check . ( Note : a small amount of memory is
* being leaked . )
*
*
* Step 2 - Load livepatch fix1 :
*
* insmod samples / livepatch / livepatch - shadow - fix1 . ko
*
* Continue watching dmesg and note that now livepatch_fix1_dummy_free ( )
* and livepatch_fix1_dummy_alloc ( ) are logging messages about leaked
* memory and eventually leaks prevented .
*
*
* Step 3 - Load livepatch fix2 ( on top of fix1 ) :
*
* insmod samples / livepatch / livepatch - shadow - fix2 . ko
*
* This module extends functionality through shadow variables , as a new
* " check " counter is added to the dummy structure . Periodic dmesg
* messages will log these as dummies are cleaned up .
*
*
* Step 4 - Cleanup
*
* Unwind the demonstration by disabling the livepatch fix modules , then
* removing them and the demo module :
*
* echo 0 > / sys / kernel / livepatch / livepatch_shadow_fix2 / enabled
* echo 0 > / sys / kernel / livepatch / livepatch_shadow_fix1 / enabled
* rmmod livepatch - shadow - fix2
* rmmod livepatch - shadow - fix1
* rmmod livepatch - shadow - mod
*/
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/stat.h>
#include <linux/workqueue.h>
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL" );
MODULE_AUTHOR("Joe Lawrence <joe.lawrence@redhat.com>" );
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Buggy module for shadow variable demo" );
/* Allocate new dummies every second */
#define ALLOC_PERIOD 1
/* Check for expired dummies after a few new ones have been allocated */
#define CLEANUP_PERIOD (3 * ALLOC_PERIOD)
/* Dummies expire after a few cleanup instances */
#define EXPIRE_PERIOD (4 * CLEANUP_PERIOD)
/*
* Keep a list of all the dummies so we can clean up any residual ones
* on module exit
*/
static LIST_HEAD(dummy_list);
static DEFINE_MUTEX(dummy_list_mutex);
struct dummy {
struct list_head list;
unsigned long jiffies_expire;
};
static __used noinline struct dummy *dummy_alloc(void )
{
struct dummy *d;
int *leak;
d = kzalloc(sizeof (*d), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!d)
return NULL;
d->jiffies_expire = jiffies + secs_to_jiffies(EXPIRE_PERIOD);
/* Oops, forgot to save leak! */
leak = kzalloc(sizeof (*leak), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!leak) {
kfree(d);
return NULL;
}
pr_info("%s: dummy @ %p, expires @ %lx\n" ,
__func__, d, d->jiffies_expire);
return d;
}
static __used noinline void dummy_free(struct dummy *d)
{
pr_info("%s: dummy @ %p, expired = %lx\n" ,
__func__, d, d->jiffies_expire);
kfree(d);
}
static __used noinline bool dummy_check(struct dummy *d,
unsigned long jiffies)
{
return time_after(jiffies, d->jiffies_expire);
}
/*
* alloc_work_func : allocates new dummy structures , allocates additional
* memory , aptly named " leak " , but doesn ' t keep
* permanent record of it .
*/
static void alloc_work_func(struct work_struct *work);
static DECLARE_DELAYED_WORK(alloc_dwork, alloc_work_func);
static void alloc_work_func(struct work_struct *work)
{
struct dummy *d;
d = dummy_alloc();
if (!d)
return ;
mutex_lock(&dummy_list_mutex);
list_add(&d->list, &dummy_list);
mutex_unlock(&dummy_list_mutex);
schedule_delayed_work(&alloc_dwork, secs_to_jiffies(ALLOC_PERIOD));
}
/*
* cleanup_work_func : frees dummy structures . Without knownledge of
* " leak " , it leaks the additional memory that
* alloc_work_func created .
*/
static void cleanup_work_func(struct work_struct *work);
static DECLARE_DELAYED_WORK(cleanup_dwork, cleanup_work_func);
static void cleanup_work_func(struct work_struct *work)
{
struct dummy *d, *tmp;
unsigned long j;
j = jiffies;
pr_info("%s: jiffies = %lx\n" , __func__, j);
mutex_lock(&dummy_list_mutex);
list_for_each_entry_safe(d, tmp, &dummy_list, list) {
/* Kick out and free any expired dummies */
if (dummy_check(d, j)) {
list_del(&d->list);
dummy_free(d);
}
}
mutex_unlock(&dummy_list_mutex);
schedule_delayed_work(&cleanup_dwork, secs_to_jiffies(CLEANUP_PERIOD));
}
static int livepatch_shadow_mod_init(void )
{
schedule_delayed_work(&alloc_dwork, secs_to_jiffies(ALLOC_PERIOD));
schedule_delayed_work(&cleanup_dwork, secs_to_jiffies(CLEANUP_PERIOD));
return 0 ;
}
static void livepatch_shadow_mod_exit(void )
{
struct dummy *d, *tmp;
/* Wait for any dummies at work */
cancel_delayed_work_sync(&alloc_dwork);
cancel_delayed_work_sync(&cleanup_dwork);
/* Cleanup residual dummies */
list_for_each_entry_safe(d, tmp, &dummy_list, list) {
list_del(&d->list);
dummy_free(d);
}
}
module_init(livepatch_shadow_mod_init);
module_exit(livepatch_shadow_mod_exit);
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