// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
* Sample kset and ktype implementation
*
* Copyright ( C ) 2004 - 2007 Greg Kroah - Hartman < greg @ kroah . com >
* Copyright ( C ) 2007 Novell Inc .
*/
#include <linux/kobject.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/sysfs.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
/*
* This module shows how to create a kset in sysfs called
* / sys / kernel / kset_example
* Then three kobjects are created and assigned to this kset , " foo " , " baz " ,
* and " bar " . In those kobjects , attributes of the same name are also
* created and if an integer is written to these files , it can be later
* read out of it .
*/
/*
* This is our " object " that we will create a few of and register them with
* sysfs .
*/
struct foo_obj {
struct kobject kobj;
int foo;
int baz;
int bar;
};
#define to_foo_obj(x) container_of(x, struct foo_obj, kobj)
/* a custom attribute that works just for a struct foo_obj. */
struct foo_attribute {
struct attribute attr;
ssize_t (*show)(struct foo_obj *foo, struct foo_attribute *attr, char *buf);
ssize_t (*store)(struct foo_obj *foo, struct foo_attribute *attr, const char *buf, size_t count);
};
#define to_foo_attr(x) container_of(x, struct foo_attribute, attr)
/*
* The default show function that must be passed to sysfs . This will be
* called by sysfs for whenever a show function is called by the user on a
* sysfs file associated with the kobjects we have registered . We need to
* transpose back from a " default " kobject to our custom struct foo_obj and
* then call the show function for that specific object .
*/
static ssize_t foo_attr_show(struct kobject *kobj,
struct attribute *attr,
char *buf)
{
struct foo_attribute *attribute;
struct foo_obj *foo;
attribute = to_foo_attr(attr);
foo = to_foo_obj(kobj);
if (!attribute->show)
return -EIO;
return attribute->show(foo, attribute, buf);
}
/*
* Just like the default show function above , but this one is for when the
* sysfs " store " is requested ( when a value is written to a file . )
*/
static ssize_t foo_attr_store(struct kobject *kobj,
struct attribute *attr,
const char *buf, size_t len)
{
struct foo_attribute *attribute;
struct foo_obj *foo;
attribute = to_foo_attr(attr);
foo = to_foo_obj(kobj);
if (!attribute->store)
return -EIO;
return attribute->store(foo, attribute, buf, len);
}
/* Our custom sysfs_ops that we will associate with our ktype later on */
static const struct sysfs_ops foo_sysfs_ops = {
.show = foo_attr_show,
.store = foo_attr_store,
};
/*
* The release function for our object . This is REQUIRED by the kernel to
* have . We free the memory held in our object here .
*
* NEVER try to get away with just a " blank " release function to try to be
* smarter than the kernel . Turns out , no one ever is . . .
*/
static void foo_release(struct kobject *kobj)
{
struct foo_obj *foo;
foo = to_foo_obj(kobj);
kfree(foo);
}
/*
* The " foo " file where the . foo variable is read from and written to .
*/
static ssize_t foo_show(struct foo_obj *foo_obj, struct foo_attribute *attr,
char *buf)
{
return sysfs_emit(buf, "%d\n" , foo_obj->foo);
}
static ssize_t foo_store(struct foo_obj *foo_obj, struct foo_attribute *attr,
const char *buf, size_t count)
{
int ret;
ret = kstrtoint(buf, 10 , &foo_obj->foo);
if (ret < 0 )
return ret;
return count;
}
/* Sysfs attributes cannot be world-writable. */
static struct foo_attribute foo_attribute =
__ATTR(foo, 0664 , foo_show, foo_store);
/*
* More complex function where we determine which variable is being accessed by
* looking at the attribute for the " baz " and " bar " files .
*/
static ssize_t b_show(struct foo_obj *foo_obj, struct foo_attribute *attr,
char *buf)
{
int var;
if (strcmp(attr->attr.name, "baz" ) == 0 )
var = foo_obj->baz;
else
var = foo_obj->bar;
return sysfs_emit(buf, "%d\n" , var);
}
static ssize_t b_store(struct foo_obj *foo_obj, struct foo_attribute *attr,
const char *buf, size_t count)
{
int var, ret;
ret = kstrtoint(buf, 10 , &var);
if (ret < 0 )
return ret;
if (strcmp(attr->attr.name, "baz" ) == 0 )
foo_obj->baz = var;
else
foo_obj->bar = var;
return count;
}
static struct foo_attribute baz_attribute =
__ATTR(baz, 0664 , b_show, b_store);
static struct foo_attribute bar_attribute =
__ATTR(bar, 0664 , b_show, b_store);
/*
* Create a group of attributes so that we can create and destroy them all
* at once .
*/
static struct attribute *foo_default_attrs[] = {
&foo_attribute.attr,
&baz_attribute.attr,
&bar_attribute.attr,
NULL, /* need to NULL terminate the list of attributes */
};
ATTRIBUTE_GROUPS(foo_default);
/*
* Our own ktype for our kobjects . Here we specify our sysfs ops , the
* release function , and the set of default attributes we want created
* whenever a kobject of this type is registered with the kernel .
*/
static const struct kobj_type foo_ktype = {
.sysfs_ops = &foo_sysfs_ops,
.release = foo_release,
.default_groups = foo_default_groups,
};
static struct kset *example_kset;
static struct foo_obj *foo_obj;
static struct foo_obj *bar_obj;
static struct foo_obj *baz_obj;
static struct foo_obj *create_foo_obj(const char *name)
{
struct foo_obj *foo;
int retval;
/* allocate the memory for the whole object */
foo = kzalloc(sizeof (*foo), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!foo)
return NULL;
/*
* As we have a kset for this kobject , we need to set it before calling
* the kobject core .
*/
foo->kobj.kset = example_kset;
/*
* Initialize and add the kobject to the kernel . All the default files
* will be created here . As we have already specified a kset for this
* kobject , we don ' t have to set a parent for the kobject , the kobject
* will be placed beneath that kset automatically .
*/
retval = kobject_init_and_add(&foo->kobj, &foo_ktype, NULL, "%s" , name);
if (retval) {
kobject_put(&foo->kobj);
return NULL;
}
/*
* We are always responsible for sending the uevent that the kobject
* was added to the system .
*/
kobject_uevent(&foo->kobj, KOBJ_ADD);
return foo;
}
static void destroy_foo_obj(struct foo_obj *foo)
{
kobject_put(&foo->kobj);
}
static int __init example_init(void )
{
/*
* Create a kset with the name of " kset_example " ,
* located under / sys / kernel /
*/
example_kset = kset_create_and_add("kset_example" , NULL, kernel_kobj);
if (!example_kset)
return -ENOMEM;
/*
* Create three objects and register them with our kset
*/
foo_obj = create_foo_obj("foo" );
if (!foo_obj)
goto foo_error;
bar_obj = create_foo_obj("bar" );
if (!bar_obj)
goto bar_error;
baz_obj = create_foo_obj("baz" );
if (!baz_obj)
goto baz_error;
return 0 ;
baz_error:
destroy_foo_obj(bar_obj);
bar_error:
destroy_foo_obj(foo_obj);
foo_error:
kset_unregister(example_kset);
return -EINVAL;
}
static void __exit example_exit(void )
{
destroy_foo_obj(baz_obj);
destroy_foo_obj(bar_obj);
destroy_foo_obj(foo_obj);
kset_unregister(example_kset);
}
module_init(example_init);
module_exit(example_exit);
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Sample kset and ktype implementation" );
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2" );
MODULE_AUTHOR("Greg Kroah-Hartman <greg@kroah.com>" );
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