// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
* net / sched / sch_netem . c Network emulator
*
* Many of the algorithms and ideas for this came from
* NIST Net which is not copyrighted .
*
* Authors : Stephen Hemminger < shemminger @ osdl . org >
* Catalin ( ux aka Dino ) BOIE < catab at umbrella dot ro >
*/
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/skbuff.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <linux/prandom.h>
#include <linux/rtnetlink.h>
#include <linux/reciprocal_div.h>
#include <linux/rbtree.h>
#include <net/gso.h>
#include <net/netlink.h>
#include <net/pkt_sched.h>
#include <net/inet_ecn.h>
#define VERSION "1.3"
/* Network Emulation Queuing algorithm.
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
Sources : [ 1 ] Mark Carson , Darrin Santay , " NIST Net - A Linux - based
Network Emulation Tool
[ 2 ] Luigi Rizzo , DummyNet for FreeBSD
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
This started out as a simple way to delay outgoing packets to
test TCP but has grown to include most of the functionality
of a full blown network emulator like NISTnet . It can delay
packets and add random jitter ( and correlation ) . The random
distribution can be loaded from a table as well to provide
normal , Pareto , or experimental curves . Packet loss ,
duplication , and reordering can also be emulated .
This qdisc does not do classification that can be handled in
layering other disciplines . It does not need to do bandwidth
control either since that can be handled by using token
bucket or other rate control .
Correlated Loss Generator models
Added generation of correlated loss according to the
" Gilbert - Elliot " model , a 4 - state markov model .
References :
[ 1 ] NetemCLG Home http : //netgroup.uniroma2.it/NetemCLG
[ 2 ] S . Salsano , F . Ludovici , A . Ordine , " Definition of a general
and intuitive loss model for packet networks and its implementation
in the Netem module in the Linux kernel " , available in [ 1 ]
Authors : Stefano Salsano < stefano . salsano at uniroma2 . it
Fabio Ludovici < fabio . ludovici at yahoo . it >
*/
struct disttable {
u32 size;
s16 table[] __counted_by(size);
};
struct netem_sched_data {
/* internal t(ime)fifo qdisc uses t_root and sch->limit */
struct rb_root t_root;
/* a linear queue; reduces rbtree rebalancing when jitter is low */
struct sk_buff *t_head;
struct sk_buff *t_tail;
u32 t_len;
/* optional qdisc for classful handling (NULL at netem init) */
struct Qdisc *qdisc;
struct qdisc_watchdog watchdog;
s64 latency;
s64 jitter;
u32 loss;
u32 ecn;
u32 limit;
u32 counter;
u32 gap;
u32 duplicate;
u32 reorder;
u32 corrupt;
u64 rate;
s32 packet_overhead;
u32 cell_size;
struct reciprocal_value cell_size_reciprocal;
s32 cell_overhead;
struct crndstate {
u32 last;
u32 rho;
} delay_cor, loss_cor, dup_cor, reorder_cor, corrupt_cor;
struct prng {
u64 seed;
struct rnd_state prng_state;
} prng;
struct disttable *delay_dist;
enum {
CLG_RANDOM,
CLG_4_STATES,
CLG_GILB_ELL,
} loss_model;
enum {
TX_IN_GAP_PERIOD = 1 ,
TX_IN_BURST_PERIOD,
LOST_IN_GAP_PERIOD,
LOST_IN_BURST_PERIOD,
} _4 _state_model;
enum {
GOOD_STATE = 1 ,
BAD_STATE,
} GE_state_model;
/* Correlated Loss Generation models */
struct clgstate {
/* state of the Markov chain */
u8 state;
/* 4-states and Gilbert-Elliot models */
u32 a1; /* p13 for 4-states or p for GE */
u32 a2; /* p31 for 4-states or r for GE */
u32 a3; /* p32 for 4-states or h for GE */
u32 a4; /* p14 for 4-states or 1-k for GE */
u32 a5; /* p23 used only in 4-states */
} clg;
struct tc_netem_slot slot_config;
struct slotstate {
u64 slot_next;
s32 packets_left;
s32 bytes_left;
} slot;
struct disttable *slot_dist;
};
/* Time stamp put into socket buffer control block
* Only valid when skbs are in our internal t ( ime ) fifo queue .
*
* As skb - > rbnode uses same storage than skb - > next , skb - > prev and skb - > tstamp ,
* and skb - > next & skb - > prev are scratch space for a qdisc ,
* we save skb - > tstamp value in skb - > cb [ ] before destroying it .
*/
struct netem_skb_cb {
u64 time_to_send;
};
static inline struct netem_skb_cb *netem_skb_cb(struct sk_buff *skb)
{
/* we assume we can use skb next/prev/tstamp as storage for rb_node */
qdisc_cb_private_validate(skb, sizeof (struct netem_skb_cb));
return (struct netem_skb_cb *)qdisc_skb_cb(skb)->data;
}
/* init_crandom - initialize correlated random number generator
* Use entropy source for initial seed .
*/
static void init_crandom(struct crndstate *state, unsigned long rho)
{
state->rho = rho;
state->last = get_random_u32();
}
/* get_crandom - correlated random number generator
* Next number depends on last value .
* rho is scaled to avoid floating point .
*/
static u32 get_crandom(struct crndstate *state, struct prng *p)
{
u64 value, rho;
unsigned long answer;
struct rnd_state *s = &p->prng_state;
if (!state || state->rho == 0 ) /* no correlation */
return prandom_u32_state(s);
value = prandom_u32_state(s);
rho = (u64)state->rho + 1 ;
answer = (value * ((1 ull<<32 ) - rho) + state->last * rho) >> 32 ;
state->last = answer;
return answer;
}
/* loss_4state - 4-state model loss generator
* Generates losses according to the 4 - state Markov chain adopted in
* the GI ( General and Intuitive ) loss model .
*/
static bool loss_4state(struct netem_sched_data *q)
{
struct clgstate *clg = &q->clg;
u32 rnd = prandom_u32_state(&q->prng.prng_state);
/*
* Makes a comparison between rnd and the transition
* probabilities outgoing from the current state , then decides the
* next state and if the next packet has to be transmitted or lost .
* The four states correspond to :
* TX_IN_GAP_PERIOD = > successfully transmitted packets within a gap period
* LOST_IN_GAP_PERIOD = > isolated losses within a gap period
* LOST_IN_BURST_PERIOD = > lost packets within a burst period
* TX_IN_BURST_PERIOD = > successfully transmitted packets within a burst period
*/
switch (clg->state) {
case TX_IN_GAP_PERIOD:
if (rnd < clg->a4) {
clg->state = LOST_IN_GAP_PERIOD;
return true ;
} else if (clg->a4 < rnd && rnd < clg->a1 + clg->a4) {
clg->state = LOST_IN_BURST_PERIOD;
return true ;
} else if (clg->a1 + clg->a4 < rnd) {
clg->state = TX_IN_GAP_PERIOD;
}
break ;
case TX_IN_BURST_PERIOD:
if (rnd < clg->a5) {
clg->state = LOST_IN_BURST_PERIOD;
return true ;
} else {
clg->state = TX_IN_BURST_PERIOD;
}
break ;
case LOST_IN_BURST_PERIOD:
if (rnd < clg->a3)
clg->state = TX_IN_BURST_PERIOD;
else if (clg->a3 < rnd && rnd < clg->a2 + clg->a3) {
clg->state = TX_IN_GAP_PERIOD;
} else if (clg->a2 + clg->a3 < rnd) {
clg->state = LOST_IN_BURST_PERIOD;
return true ;
}
break ;
case LOST_IN_GAP_PERIOD:
clg->state = TX_IN_GAP_PERIOD;
break ;
}
return false ;
}
/* loss_gilb_ell - Gilbert-Elliot model loss generator
* Generates losses according to the Gilbert - Elliot loss model or
* its special cases ( Gilbert or Simple Gilbert )
*
* Makes a comparison between random number and the transition
* probabilities outgoing from the current state , then decides the
* next state . A second random number is extracted and the comparison
* with the loss probability of the current state decides if the next
* packet will be transmitted or lost .
*/
static bool loss_gilb_ell(struct netem_sched_data *q)
{
struct clgstate *clg = &q->clg;
struct rnd_state *s = &q->prng.prng_state;
switch (clg->state) {
case GOOD_STATE:
if (prandom_u32_state(s) < clg->a1)
clg->state = BAD_STATE;
if (prandom_u32_state(s) < clg->a4)
return true ;
break ;
case BAD_STATE:
if (prandom_u32_state(s) < clg->a2)
clg->state = GOOD_STATE;
if (prandom_u32_state(s) > clg->a3)
return true ;
}
return false ;
}
static bool loss_event(struct netem_sched_data *q)
{
switch (q->loss_model) {
case CLG_RANDOM:
/* Random packet drop 0 => none, ~0 => all */
return q->loss && q->loss >= get_crandom(&q->loss_cor, &q->prng);
case CLG_4_STATES:
/* 4state loss model algorithm (used also for GI model)
* Extracts a value from the markov 4 state loss generator ,
* if it is 1 drops a packet and if needed writes the event in
* the kernel logs
*/
return loss_4state(q);
case CLG_GILB_ELL:
/* Gilbert-Elliot loss model algorithm
* Extracts a value from the Gilbert - Elliot loss generator ,
* if it is 1 drops a packet and if needed writes the event in
* the kernel logs
*/
return loss_gilb_ell(q);
}
return false ; /* not reached */
}
/* tabledist - return a pseudo-randomly distributed value with mean mu and
* std deviation sigma . Uses table lookup to approximate the desired
* distribution , and a uniformly - distributed pseudo - random source .
*/
static s64 tabledist(s64 mu, s32 sigma,
struct crndstate *state,
struct prng *prng,
const struct disttable *dist)
{
s64 x;
long t;
u32 rnd;
if (sigma == 0 )
return mu;
rnd = get_crandom(state, prng);
/* default uniform distribution */
if (dist == NULL)
return ((rnd % (2 * (u32)sigma)) + mu) - sigma;
t = dist->table[rnd % dist->size];
x = (sigma % NETEM_DIST_SCALE) * t;
if (x >= 0 )
x += NETEM_DIST_SCALE/2 ;
else
x -= NETEM_DIST_SCALE/2 ;
return x / NETEM_DIST_SCALE + (sigma / NETEM_DIST_SCALE) * t + mu;
}
static u64 packet_time_ns(u64 len, const struct netem_sched_data *q)
{
len += q->packet_overhead;
if (q->cell_size) {
u32 cells = reciprocal_divide(len, q->cell_size_reciprocal);
if (len > cells * q->cell_size) /* extra cell needed for remainder */
cells++;
len = cells * (q->cell_size + q->cell_overhead);
}
return div64_u64(len * NSEC_PER_SEC, q->rate);
}
static void tfifo_reset(struct Qdisc *sch)
{
struct netem_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
struct rb_node *p = rb_first(&q->t_root);
while (p) {
struct sk_buff *skb = rb_to_skb(p);
p = rb_next(p);
rb_erase(&skb->rbnode, &q->t_root);
rtnl_kfree_skbs(skb, skb);
}
rtnl_kfree_skbs(q->t_head, q->t_tail);
q->t_head = NULL;
q->t_tail = NULL;
q->t_len = 0 ;
}
static void tfifo_enqueue(struct sk_buff *nskb, struct Qdisc *sch)
{
struct netem_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
u64 tnext = netem_skb_cb(nskb)->time_to_send;
if (!q->t_tail || tnext >= netem_skb_cb(q->t_tail)->time_to_send) {
if (q->t_tail)
q->t_tail->next = nskb;
else
q->t_head = nskb;
q->t_tail = nskb;
} else {
struct rb_node **p = &q->t_root.rb_node, *parent = NULL;
while (*p) {
struct sk_buff *skb;
parent = *p;
skb = rb_to_skb(parent);
if (tnext >= netem_skb_cb(skb)->time_to_send)
p = &parent->rb_right;
else
p = &parent->rb_left;
}
rb_link_node(&nskb->rbnode, parent, p);
rb_insert_color(&nskb->rbnode, &q->t_root);
}
q->t_len++;
sch->q.qlen++;
}
/* netem can't properly corrupt a megapacket (like we get from GSO), so instead
* when we statistically choose to corrupt one , we instead segment it , returning
* the first packet to be corrupted , and re - enqueue the remaining frames
*/
static struct sk_buff *netem_segment(struct sk_buff *skb, struct Qdisc *sch,
struct sk_buff **to_free)
{
struct sk_buff *segs;
netdev_features_t features = netif_skb_features(skb);
segs = skb_gso_segment(skb, features & ~NETIF_F_GSO_MASK);
if (IS_ERR_OR_NULL(segs)) {
qdisc_drop(skb, sch, to_free);
return NULL;
}
consume_skb(skb);
return segs;
}
/*
* Insert one skb into qdisc .
* Note : parent depends on return value to account for queue length .
* NET_XMIT_DROP : queue length didn ' t change .
* NET_XMIT_SUCCESS : one skb was queued .
*/
static int netem_enqueue(struct sk_buff *skb, struct Qdisc *sch,
struct sk_buff **to_free)
{
struct netem_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
/* We don't fill cb now as skb_unshare() may invalidate it */
struct netem_skb_cb *cb;
struct sk_buff *skb2 = NULL;
struct sk_buff *segs = NULL;
unsigned int prev_len = qdisc_pkt_len(skb);
int count = 1 ;
/* Do not fool qdisc_drop_all() */
skb->prev = NULL;
/* Random duplication */
if (q->duplicate && q->duplicate >= get_crandom(&q->dup_cor, &q->prng))
++count;
/* Drop packet? */
if (loss_event(q)) {
if (q->ecn && INET_ECN_set_ce(skb))
qdisc_qstats_drop(sch); /* mark packet */
else
--count;
}
if (count == 0 ) {
qdisc_qstats_drop(sch);
__qdisc_drop(skb, to_free);
return NET_XMIT_SUCCESS | __NET_XMIT_BYPASS;
}
/* If a delay is expected, orphan the skb. (orphaning usually takes
* place at TX completion time , so _ before_ the link transit delay )
*/
if (q->latency || q->jitter || q->rate)
skb_orphan_partial(skb);
/*
* If we need to duplicate packet , then clone it before
* original is modified .
*/
if (count > 1 )
skb2 = skb_clone(skb, GFP_ATOMIC);
/*
* Randomized packet corruption .
* Make copy if needed since we are modifying
* If packet is going to be hardware checksummed , then
* do it now in software before we mangle it .
*/
if (q->corrupt && q->corrupt >= get_crandom(&q->corrupt_cor, &q->prng)) {
if (skb_is_gso(skb)) {
skb = netem_segment(skb, sch, to_free);
if (!skb)
goto finish_segs;
segs = skb->next;
skb_mark_not_on_list(skb);
qdisc_skb_cb(skb)->pkt_len = skb->len;
}
skb = skb_unshare(skb, GFP_ATOMIC);
if (unlikely(!skb)) {
qdisc_qstats_drop(sch);
goto finish_segs;
}
if (skb->ip_summed == CHECKSUM_PARTIAL &&
skb_checksum_help(skb)) {
qdisc_drop(skb, sch, to_free);
skb = NULL;
goto finish_segs;
}
skb->data[get_random_u32_below(skb_headlen(skb))] ^=
1 <<get_random_u32_below(8 );
}
if (unlikely(q->t_len >= sch->limit)) {
/* re-link segs, so that qdisc_drop_all() frees them all */
skb->next = segs;
qdisc_drop_all(skb, sch, to_free);
if (skb2)
__qdisc_drop(skb2, to_free);
return NET_XMIT_DROP;
}
/*
* If doing duplication then re - insert at top of the
* qdisc tree , since parent queuer expects that only one
* skb will be queued .
*/
if (skb2) {
struct Qdisc *rootq = qdisc_root_bh(sch);
u32 dupsave = q->duplicate; /* prevent duplicating a dup... */
q->duplicate = 0 ;
rootq->enqueue(skb2, rootq, to_free);
q->duplicate = dupsave;
skb2 = NULL;
}
qdisc_qstats_backlog_inc(sch, skb);
cb = netem_skb_cb(skb);
if (q->gap == 0 || /* not doing reordering */
q->counter < q->gap - 1 || /* inside last reordering gap */
q->reorder < get_crandom(&q->reorder_cor, &q->prng)) {
u64 now;
s64 delay;
delay = tabledist(q->latency, q->jitter,
&q->delay_cor, &q->prng, q->delay_dist);
now = ktime_get_ns();
if (q->rate) {
struct netem_skb_cb *last = NULL;
if (sch->q.tail)
last = netem_skb_cb(sch->q.tail);
if (q->t_root.rb_node) {
struct sk_buff *t_skb;
struct netem_skb_cb *t_last;
t_skb = skb_rb_last(&q->t_root);
t_last = netem_skb_cb(t_skb);
if (!last ||
t_last->time_to_send > last->time_to_send)
last = t_last;
}
if (q->t_tail) {
struct netem_skb_cb *t_last =
netem_skb_cb(q->t_tail);
if (!last ||
t_last->time_to_send > last->time_to_send)
last = t_last;
}
if (last) {
/*
* Last packet in queue is reference point ( now ) ,
* calculate this time bonus and subtract
* from delay .
*/
delay -= last->time_to_send - now;
delay = max_t(s64, 0 , delay);
now = last->time_to_send;
}
delay += packet_time_ns(qdisc_pkt_len(skb), q);
}
cb->time_to_send = now + delay;
++q->counter;
tfifo_enqueue(skb, sch);
} else {
/*
* Do re - ordering by putting one out of N packets at the front
* of the queue .
*/
cb->time_to_send = ktime_get_ns();
q->counter = 0 ;
__qdisc_enqueue_head(skb, &sch->q);
sch->qstats.requeues++;
}
finish_segs:
if (skb2)
__qdisc_drop(skb2, to_free);
if (segs) {
unsigned int len, last_len;
int rc, nb;
len = skb ? skb->len : 0 ;
nb = skb ? 1 : 0 ;
while (segs) {
skb2 = segs->next;
skb_mark_not_on_list(segs);
qdisc_skb_cb(segs)->pkt_len = segs->len;
last_len = segs->len;
rc = qdisc_enqueue(segs, sch, to_free);
if (rc != NET_XMIT_SUCCESS) {
if (net_xmit_drop_count(rc))
qdisc_qstats_drop(sch);
} else {
nb++;
len += last_len;
}
segs = skb2;
}
/* Parent qdiscs accounted for 1 skb of size @prev_len */
qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog(sch, -(nb - 1 ), -(len - prev_len));
} else if (!skb) {
return NET_XMIT_DROP;
}
return NET_XMIT_SUCCESS;
}
/* Delay the next round with a new future slot with a
* correct number of bytes and packets .
*/
static void get_slot_next(struct netem_sched_data *q, u64 now)
{
s64 next_delay;
if (!q->slot_dist)
next_delay = q->slot_config.min_delay +
(get_random_u32() *
(q->slot_config.max_delay -
q->slot_config.min_delay) >> 32 );
else
next_delay = tabledist(q->slot_config.dist_delay,
(s32)(q->slot_config.dist_jitter),
NULL, &q->prng, q->slot_dist);
q->slot.slot_next = now + next_delay;
q->slot.packets_left = q->slot_config.max_packets;
q->slot.bytes_left = q->slot_config.max_bytes;
}
static struct sk_buff *netem_peek(struct netem_sched_data *q)
{
struct sk_buff *skb = skb_rb_first(&q->t_root);
u64 t1, t2;
if (!skb)
return q->t_head;
if (!q->t_head)
return skb;
t1 = netem_skb_cb(skb)->time_to_send;
t2 = netem_skb_cb(q->t_head)->time_to_send;
if (t1 < t2)
return skb;
return q->t_head;
}
static void netem_erase_head(struct netem_sched_data *q, struct sk_buff *skb)
{
if (skb == q->t_head) {
q->t_head = skb->next;
if (!q->t_head)
q->t_tail = NULL;
} else {
rb_erase(&skb->rbnode, &q->t_root);
}
}
static struct sk_buff *netem_dequeue(struct Qdisc *sch)
{
struct netem_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
struct sk_buff *skb;
tfifo_dequeue:
skb = __qdisc_dequeue_head(&sch->q);
if (skb) {
deliver:
qdisc_qstats_backlog_dec(sch, skb);
qdisc_bstats_update(sch, skb);
return skb;
}
skb = netem_peek(q);
if (skb) {
u64 time_to_send;
u64 now = ktime_get_ns();
/* if more time remaining? */
time_to_send = netem_skb_cb(skb)->time_to_send;
if (q->slot.slot_next && q->slot.slot_next < time_to_send)
get_slot_next(q, now);
if (time_to_send <= now && q->slot.slot_next <= now) {
netem_erase_head(q, skb);
q->t_len--;
skb->next = NULL;
skb->prev = NULL;
/* skb->dev shares skb->rbnode area,
* we need to restore its value .
*/
skb->dev = qdisc_dev(sch);
if (q->slot.slot_next) {
q->slot.packets_left--;
q->slot.bytes_left -= qdisc_pkt_len(skb);
if (q->slot.packets_left <= 0 ||
q->slot.bytes_left <= 0 )
get_slot_next(q, now);
}
if (q->qdisc) {
unsigned int pkt_len = qdisc_pkt_len(skb);
struct sk_buff *to_free = NULL;
int err;
err = qdisc_enqueue(skb, q->qdisc, &to_free);
kfree_skb_list(to_free);
if (err != NET_XMIT_SUCCESS) {
if (net_xmit_drop_count(err))
qdisc_qstats_drop(sch);
sch->qstats.backlog -= pkt_len;
sch->q.qlen--;
qdisc_tree_reduce_backlog(sch, 1 , pkt_len);
}
goto tfifo_dequeue;
}
sch->q.qlen--;
goto deliver;
}
if (q->qdisc) {
skb = q->qdisc->ops->dequeue(q->qdisc);
if (skb) {
sch->q.qlen--;
goto deliver;
}
}
qdisc_watchdog_schedule_ns(&q->watchdog,
max(time_to_send,
q->slot.slot_next));
}
if (q->qdisc) {
skb = q->qdisc->ops->dequeue(q->qdisc);
if (skb) {
sch->q.qlen--;
goto deliver;
}
}
return NULL;
}
static void netem_reset(struct Qdisc *sch)
{
struct netem_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
qdisc_reset_queue(sch);
tfifo_reset(sch);
if (q->qdisc)
qdisc_reset(q->qdisc);
qdisc_watchdog_cancel(&q->watchdog);
}
static void dist_free(struct disttable *d)
{
kvfree(d);
}
/*
* Distribution data is a variable size payload containing
* signed 16 bit values .
*/
static int get_dist_table(struct disttable **tbl, const struct nlattr *attr)
{
size_t n = nla_len(attr)/sizeof (__s16);
const __s16 *data = nla_data(attr);
struct disttable *d;
int i;
if (!n || n > NETEM_DIST_MAX)
return -EINVAL;
d = kvmalloc(struct_size(d, table, n), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!d)
return -ENOMEM;
d->size = n;
for (i = 0 ; i < n; i++)
d->table[i] = data[i];
*tbl = d;
return 0 ;
}
static void get_slot(struct netem_sched_data *q, const struct nlattr *attr)
{
const struct tc_netem_slot *c = nla_data(attr);
q->slot_config = *c;
if (q->slot_config.max_packets == 0 )
q->slot_config.max_packets = INT_MAX;
if (q->slot_config.max_bytes == 0 )
q->slot_config.max_bytes = INT_MAX;
/* capping dist_jitter to the range acceptable by tabledist() */
q->slot_config.dist_jitter = min_t(__s64, INT_MAX, abs(q->slot_config.dist_jitter));
q->slot.packets_left = q->slot_config.max_packets;
q->slot.bytes_left = q->slot_config.max_bytes;
if (q->slot_config.min_delay | q->slot_config.max_delay |
q->slot_config.dist_jitter)
q->slot.slot_next = ktime_get_ns();
else
q->slot.slot_next = 0 ;
}
static void get_correlation(struct netem_sched_data *q, const struct nlattr *attr)
{
const struct tc_netem_corr *c = nla_data(attr);
init_crandom(&q->delay_cor, c->delay_corr);
init_crandom(&q->loss_cor, c->loss_corr);
init_crandom(&q->dup_cor, c->dup_corr);
}
static void get_reorder(struct netem_sched_data *q, const struct nlattr *attr)
{
const struct tc_netem_reorder *r = nla_data(attr);
q->reorder = r->probability;
init_crandom(&q->reorder_cor, r->correlation);
}
static void get_corrupt(struct netem_sched_data *q, const struct nlattr *attr)
{
const struct tc_netem_corrupt *r = nla_data(attr);
q->corrupt = r->probability;
init_crandom(&q->corrupt_cor, r->correlation);
}
static void get_rate(struct netem_sched_data *q, const struct nlattr *attr)
{
const struct tc_netem_rate *r = nla_data(attr);
q->rate = r->rate;
q->packet_overhead = r->packet_overhead;
q->cell_size = r->cell_size;
q->cell_overhead = r->cell_overhead;
if (q->cell_size)
q->cell_size_reciprocal = reciprocal_value(q->cell_size);
else
q->cell_size_reciprocal = (struct reciprocal_value) { 0 };
}
static int get_loss_clg(struct netem_sched_data *q, const struct nlattr *attr)
{
const struct nlattr *la;
int rem;
nla_for_each_nested(la, attr, rem) {
u16 type = nla_type(la);
switch (type) {
case NETEM_LOSS_GI: {
const struct tc_netem_gimodel *gi = nla_data(la);
if (nla_len(la) < sizeof (struct tc_netem_gimodel)) {
pr_info("netem: incorrect gi model size\n" );
return -EINVAL;
}
q->loss_model = CLG_4_STATES;
q->clg.state = TX_IN_GAP_PERIOD;
q->clg.a1 = gi->p13;
q->clg.a2 = gi->p31;
q->clg.a3 = gi->p32;
q->clg.a4 = gi->p14;
q->clg.a5 = gi->p23;
break ;
}
case NETEM_LOSS_GE: {
const struct tc_netem_gemodel *ge = nla_data(la);
if (nla_len(la) < sizeof (struct tc_netem_gemodel)) {
pr_info("netem: incorrect ge model size\n" );
return -EINVAL;
}
q->loss_model = CLG_GILB_ELL;
q->clg.state = GOOD_STATE;
q->clg.a1 = ge->p;
q->clg.a2 = ge->r;
q->clg.a3 = ge->h;
q->clg.a4 = ge->k1;
break ;
}
default :
pr_info("netem: unknown loss type %u\n" , type);
return -EINVAL;
}
}
return 0 ;
}
static const struct nla_policy netem_policy[TCA_NETEM_MAX + 1 ] = {
[TCA_NETEM_CORR] = { .len = sizeof (struct tc_netem_corr) },
[TCA_NETEM_REORDER] = { .len = sizeof (struct tc_netem_reorder) },
[TCA_NETEM_CORRUPT] = { .len = sizeof (struct tc_netem_corrupt) },
[TCA_NETEM_RATE] = { .len = sizeof (struct tc_netem_rate) },
[TCA_NETEM_LOSS] = { .type = NLA_NESTED },
[TCA_NETEM_ECN] = { .type = NLA_U32 },
[TCA_NETEM_RATE64] = { .type = NLA_U64 },
[TCA_NETEM_LATENCY64] = { .type = NLA_S64 },
[TCA_NETEM_JITTER64] = { .type = NLA_S64 },
[TCA_NETEM_SLOT] = { .len = sizeof (struct tc_netem_slot) },
[TCA_NETEM_PRNG_SEED] = { .type = NLA_U64 },
};
static int parse_attr(struct nlattr *tb[], int maxtype, struct nlattr *nla,
const struct nla_policy *policy, int len)
{
int nested_len = nla_len(nla) - NLA_ALIGN(len);
if (nested_len < 0 ) {
pr_info("netem: invalid attributes len %d\n" , nested_len);
return -EINVAL;
}
if (nested_len >= nla_attr_size(0 ))
return nla_parse_deprecated(tb, maxtype,
nla_data(nla) + NLA_ALIGN(len),
nested_len, policy, NULL);
memset(tb, 0 , sizeof (struct nlattr *) * (maxtype + 1 ));
return 0 ;
}
static const struct Qdisc_class_ops netem_class_ops;
static int check_netem_in_tree(struct Qdisc *sch, bool duplicates,
struct netlink_ext_ack *extack)
{
struct Qdisc *root, *q;
unsigned int i;
root = qdisc_root_sleeping(sch);
if (sch != root && root->ops->cl_ops == &netem_class_ops) {
if (duplicates ||
((struct netem_sched_data *)qdisc_priv(root))->duplicate)
goto err;
}
if (!qdisc_dev(root))
return 0 ;
hash_for_each(qdisc_dev(root)->qdisc_hash, i, q, hash) {
if (sch != q && q->ops->cl_ops == &netem_class_ops) {
if (duplicates ||
((struct netem_sched_data *)qdisc_priv(q))->duplicate)
goto err;
}
}
return 0 ;
err:
NL_SET_ERR_MSG(extack,
"netem: cannot mix duplicating netems with other netems in tree" );
return -EINVAL;
}
/* Parse netlink message to set options */
static int netem_change(struct Qdisc *sch, struct nlattr *opt,
struct netlink_ext_ack *extack)
{
struct netem_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
struct nlattr *tb[TCA_NETEM_MAX + 1 ];
struct disttable *delay_dist = NULL;
struct disttable *slot_dist = NULL;
struct tc_netem_qopt *qopt;
struct clgstate old_clg;
int old_loss_model = CLG_RANDOM;
int ret;
qopt = nla_data(opt);
ret = parse_attr(tb, TCA_NETEM_MAX, opt, netem_policy, sizeof (*qopt));
if (ret < 0 )
return ret;
if (tb[TCA_NETEM_DELAY_DIST]) {
ret = get_dist_table(&delay_dist, tb[TCA_NETEM_DELAY_DIST]);
if (ret)
goto table_free;
}
if (tb[TCA_NETEM_SLOT_DIST]) {
ret = get_dist_table(&slot_dist, tb[TCA_NETEM_SLOT_DIST]);
if (ret)
goto table_free;
}
sch_tree_lock(sch);
/* backup q->clg and q->loss_model */
old_clg = q->clg;
old_loss_model = q->loss_model;
if (tb[TCA_NETEM_LOSS]) {
ret = get_loss_clg(q, tb[TCA_NETEM_LOSS]);
if (ret) {
q->loss_model = old_loss_model;
q->clg = old_clg;
goto unlock;
}
} else {
q->loss_model = CLG_RANDOM;
}
if (delay_dist)
swap(q->delay_dist, delay_dist);
if (slot_dist)
swap(q->slot_dist, slot_dist);
sch->limit = qopt->limit;
q->latency = PSCHED_TICKS2NS(qopt->latency);
q->jitter = PSCHED_TICKS2NS(qopt->jitter);
q->limit = qopt->limit;
q->gap = qopt->gap;
q->counter = 0 ;
q->loss = qopt->loss;
ret = check_netem_in_tree(sch, qopt->duplicate, extack);
if (ret)
goto unlock;
q->duplicate = qopt->duplicate;
/* for compatibility with earlier versions.
* if gap is set , need to assume 100 % probability
*/
if (q->gap)
q->reorder = ~0 ;
if (tb[TCA_NETEM_CORR])
get_correlation(q, tb[TCA_NETEM_CORR]);
if (tb[TCA_NETEM_REORDER])
get_reorder(q, tb[TCA_NETEM_REORDER]);
if (tb[TCA_NETEM_CORRUPT])
get_corrupt(q, tb[TCA_NETEM_CORRUPT]);
if (tb[TCA_NETEM_RATE])
get_rate(q, tb[TCA_NETEM_RATE]);
if (tb[TCA_NETEM_RATE64])
q->rate = max_t(u64, q->rate,
nla_get_u64(tb[TCA_NETEM_RATE64]));
if (tb[TCA_NETEM_LATENCY64])
q->latency = nla_get_s64(tb[TCA_NETEM_LATENCY64]);
if (tb[TCA_NETEM_JITTER64])
q->jitter = nla_get_s64(tb[TCA_NETEM_JITTER64]);
if (tb[TCA_NETEM_ECN])
q->ecn = nla_get_u32(tb[TCA_NETEM_ECN]);
if (tb[TCA_NETEM_SLOT])
get_slot(q, tb[TCA_NETEM_SLOT]);
/* capping jitter to the range acceptable by tabledist() */
q->jitter = min_t(s64, abs(q->jitter), INT_MAX);
if (tb[TCA_NETEM_PRNG_SEED])
q->prng.seed = nla_get_u64(tb[TCA_NETEM_PRNG_SEED]);
else
q->prng.seed = get_random_u64();
prandom_seed_state(&q->prng.prng_state, q->prng.seed);
unlock:
sch_tree_unlock(sch);
table_free:
dist_free(delay_dist);
dist_free(slot_dist);
return ret;
}
static int netem_init(struct Qdisc *sch, struct nlattr *opt,
struct netlink_ext_ack *extack)
{
struct netem_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
int ret;
qdisc_watchdog_init(&q->watchdog, sch);
if (!opt)
return -EINVAL;
q->loss_model = CLG_RANDOM;
ret = netem_change(sch, opt, extack);
if (ret)
pr_info("netem: change failed\n" );
return ret;
}
static void netem_destroy(struct Qdisc *sch)
{
struct netem_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
qdisc_watchdog_cancel(&q->watchdog);
if (q->qdisc)
qdisc_put(q->qdisc);
dist_free(q->delay_dist);
dist_free(q->slot_dist);
}
static int dump_loss_model(const struct netem_sched_data *q,
struct sk_buff *skb)
{
struct nlattr *nest;
nest = nla_nest_start_noflag(skb, TCA_NETEM_LOSS);
if (nest == NULL)
goto nla_put_failure;
switch (q->loss_model) {
case CLG_RANDOM:
/* legacy loss model */
nla_nest_cancel(skb, nest);
return 0 ; /* no data */
case CLG_4_STATES: {
struct tc_netem_gimodel gi = {
.p13 = q->clg.a1,
.p31 = q->clg.a2,
.p32 = q->clg.a3,
.p14 = q->clg.a4,
.p23 = q->clg.a5,
};
if (nla_put(skb, NETEM_LOSS_GI, sizeof (gi), &gi))
goto nla_put_failure;
break ;
}
case CLG_GILB_ELL: {
struct tc_netem_gemodel ge = {
.p = q->clg.a1,
.r = q->clg.a2,
.h = q->clg.a3,
.k1 = q->clg.a4,
};
if (nla_put(skb, NETEM_LOSS_GE, sizeof (ge), &ge))
goto nla_put_failure;
break ;
}
}
nla_nest_end(skb, nest);
return 0 ;
nla_put_failure:
nla_nest_cancel(skb, nest);
return -1 ;
}
static int netem_dump(struct Qdisc *sch, struct sk_buff *skb)
{
const struct netem_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
struct nlattr *nla = (struct nlattr *) skb_tail_pointer(skb);
struct tc_netem_qopt qopt;
struct tc_netem_corr cor;
struct tc_netem_reorder reorder;
struct tc_netem_corrupt corrupt;
struct tc_netem_rate rate;
struct tc_netem_slot slot;
qopt.latency = min_t(psched_time_t, PSCHED_NS2TICKS(q->latency),
UINT_MAX);
qopt.jitter = min_t(psched_time_t, PSCHED_NS2TICKS(q->jitter),
UINT_MAX);
qopt.limit = q->limit;
qopt.loss = q->loss;
qopt.gap = q->gap;
qopt.duplicate = q->duplicate;
if (nla_put(skb, TCA_OPTIONS, sizeof (qopt), &qopt))
goto nla_put_failure;
if (nla_put(skb, TCA_NETEM_LATENCY64, sizeof (q->latency), &q->latency))
goto nla_put_failure;
if (nla_put(skb, TCA_NETEM_JITTER64, sizeof (q->jitter), &q->jitter))
goto nla_put_failure;
cor.delay_corr = q->delay_cor.rho;
cor.loss_corr = q->loss_cor.rho;
cor.dup_corr = q->dup_cor.rho;
if (nla_put(skb, TCA_NETEM_CORR, sizeof (cor), &cor))
goto nla_put_failure;
reorder.probability = q->reorder;
reorder.correlation = q->reorder_cor.rho;
if (nla_put(skb, TCA_NETEM_REORDER, sizeof (reorder), &reorder))
goto nla_put_failure;
corrupt.probability = q->corrupt;
corrupt.correlation = q->corrupt_cor.rho;
if (nla_put(skb, TCA_NETEM_CORRUPT, sizeof (corrupt), &corrupt))
goto nla_put_failure;
if (q->rate >= (1 ULL << 32 )) {
if (nla_put_u64_64bit(skb, TCA_NETEM_RATE64, q->rate,
TCA_NETEM_PAD))
goto nla_put_failure;
rate.rate = ~0 U;
} else {
rate.rate = q->rate;
}
rate.packet_overhead = q->packet_overhead;
rate.cell_size = q->cell_size;
rate.cell_overhead = q->cell_overhead;
if (nla_put(skb, TCA_NETEM_RATE, sizeof (rate), &rate))
goto nla_put_failure;
if (q->ecn && nla_put_u32(skb, TCA_NETEM_ECN, q->ecn))
goto nla_put_failure;
if (dump_loss_model(q, skb) != 0 )
goto nla_put_failure;
if (q->slot_config.min_delay | q->slot_config.max_delay |
q->slot_config.dist_jitter) {
slot = q->slot_config;
if (slot.max_packets == INT_MAX)
slot.max_packets = 0 ;
if (slot.max_bytes == INT_MAX)
slot.max_bytes = 0 ;
if (nla_put(skb, TCA_NETEM_SLOT, sizeof (slot), &slot))
goto nla_put_failure;
}
if (nla_put_u64_64bit(skb, TCA_NETEM_PRNG_SEED, q->prng.seed,
TCA_NETEM_PAD))
goto nla_put_failure;
return nla_nest_end(skb, nla);
nla_put_failure:
nlmsg_trim(skb, nla);
return -1 ;
}
static int netem_dump_class(struct Qdisc *sch, unsigned long cl,
struct sk_buff *skb, struct tcmsg *tcm)
{
struct netem_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
if (cl != 1 || !q->qdisc) /* only one class */
return -ENOENT;
tcm->tcm_handle |= TC_H_MIN(1 );
tcm->tcm_info = q->qdisc->handle;
return 0 ;
}
static int netem_graft(struct Qdisc *sch, unsigned long arg, struct Qdisc *new ,
struct Qdisc **old, struct netlink_ext_ack *extack)
{
struct netem_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
*old = qdisc_replace(sch, new , &q->qdisc);
return 0 ;
}
static struct Qdisc *netem_leaf(struct Qdisc *sch, unsigned long arg)
{
struct netem_sched_data *q = qdisc_priv(sch);
return q->qdisc;
}
static unsigned long netem_find(struct Qdisc *sch, u32 classid)
{
return 1 ;
}
static void netem_walk(struct Qdisc *sch, struct qdisc_walker *walker)
{
if (!walker->stop) {
if (!tc_qdisc_stats_dump(sch, 1 , walker))
return ;
}
}
static const struct Qdisc_class_ops netem_class_ops = {
.graft = netem_graft,
.leaf = netem_leaf,
.find = netem_find,
.walk = netem_walk,
.dump = netem_dump_class,
};
static struct Qdisc_ops netem_qdisc_ops __read_mostly = {
.id = "netem" ,
.cl_ops = &netem_class_ops,
.priv_size = sizeof (struct netem_sched_data),
.enqueue = netem_enqueue,
.dequeue = netem_dequeue,
.peek = qdisc_peek_dequeued,
.init = netem_init,
.reset = netem_reset,
.destroy = netem_destroy,
.change = netem_change,
.dump = netem_dump,
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
};
MODULE_ALIAS_NET_SCH("netem" );
static int __init netem_module_init(void )
{
pr_info("netem: version " VERSION "\n" );
return register_qdisc(&netem_qdisc_ops);
}
static void __exit netem_module_exit(void )
{
unregister_qdisc(&netem_qdisc_ops);
}
module_init(netem_module_init)
module_exit(netem_module_exit)
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL" );
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Network characteristics emulator qdisc" );
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