// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
* linux / mm / swapfile . c
*
* Copyright ( C ) 1991 , 1992 , 1993 , 1994 Linus Torvalds
* Swap reorganised 29 . 12 . 95 , Stephen Tweedie
*/
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/sched/mm.h>
#include <linux/sched/task.h>
#include <linux/hugetlb.h>
#include <linux/mman.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
#include <linux/swap.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h>
#include <linux/namei.h>
#include <linux/shmem_fs.h>
#include <linux/blk-cgroup.h>
#include <linux/random.h>
#include <linux/writeback.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/ksm.h>
#include <linux/rmap.h>
#include <linux/security.h>
#include <linux/backing-dev.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/capability.h>
#include <linux/syscalls.h>
#include <linux/memcontrol.h>
#include <linux/poll.h>
#include <linux/oom.h>
#include <linux/swapfile.h>
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/sort.h>
#include <linux/completion.h>
#include <linux/suspend.h>
#include <linux/zswap.h>
#include <linux/plist.h>
#include <asm /tlbflush.h>
#include <linux/swapops.h>
#include <linux/swap_cgroup.h>
#include "internal.h"
#include "swap.h"
static bool swap_count_continued(struct swap_info_struct *, pgoff_t,
unsigned char );
static void free_swap_count_continuations(struct swap_info_struct *);
static void swap_entries_free(struct swap_info_struct *si,
struct swap_cluster_info *ci,
swp_entry_t entry, unsigned int nr_pages);
static void swap_range_alloc(struct swap_info_struct *si,
unsigned int nr_entries);
static bool folio_swapcache_freeable(struct folio *folio);
static struct swap_cluster_info *lock_cluster(struct swap_info_struct *si,
unsigned long offset);
static inline void unlock_cluster(struct swap_cluster_info *ci);
static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(swap_lock);
static unsigned int nr_swapfiles;
atomic_long_t nr_swap_pages;
/*
* Some modules use swappable objects and may try to swap them out under
* memory pressure ( via the shrinker ) . Before doing so , they may wish to
* check to see if any swap space is available .
*/
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(nr_swap_pages);
/* protected with swap_lock. reading in vm_swap_full() doesn't need lock */
long total_swap_pages;
static int least_priority = -1 ;
unsigned long swapfile_maximum_size;
#ifdef CONFIG_MIGRATION
bool swap_migration_ad_supported;
#endif /* CONFIG_MIGRATION */
static const char Bad_file[] = "Bad swap file entry " ;
static const char Unused_file[] = "Unused swap file entry " ;
static const char Bad_offset[] = "Bad swap offset entry " ;
static const char Unused_offset[] = "Unused swap offset entry " ;
/*
* all active swap_info_structs
* protected with swap_lock , and ordered by priority .
*/
static PLIST_HEAD(swap_active_head);
/*
* all available ( active , not full ) swap_info_structs
* protected with swap_avail_lock , ordered by priority .
* This is used by folio_alloc_swap ( ) instead of swap_active_head
* because swap_active_head includes all swap_info_structs ,
* but folio_alloc_swap ( ) doesn ' t need to look at full ones .
* This uses its own lock instead of swap_lock because when a
* swap_info_struct changes between not - full / full , it needs to
* add / remove itself to / from this list , but the swap_info_struct - > lock
* is held and the locking order requires swap_lock to be taken
* before any swap_info_struct - > lock .
*/
static struct plist_head *swap_avail_heads;
static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(swap_avail_lock);
static struct swap_info_struct *swap_info[MAX_SWAPFILES];
static DEFINE_MUTEX(swapon_mutex);
static DECLARE_WAIT_QUEUE_HEAD(proc_poll_wait);
/* Activity counter to indicate that a swapon or swapoff has occurred */
static atomic_t proc_poll_event = ATOMIC_INIT(0 );
atomic_t nr_rotate_swap = ATOMIC_INIT(0 );
struct percpu_swap_cluster {
struct swap_info_struct *si[SWAP_NR_ORDERS];
unsigned long offset[SWAP_NR_ORDERS];
local_lock_t lock;
};
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct percpu_swap_cluster, percpu_swap_cluster) = {
.si = { NULL },
.offset = { SWAP_ENTRY_INVALID },
.lock = INIT_LOCAL_LOCK(),
};
static struct swap_info_struct *swap_type_to_swap_info(int type)
{
if (type >= MAX_SWAPFILES)
return NULL;
return READ_ONCE(swap_info[type]); /* rcu_dereference() */
}
static inline unsigned char swap_count(unsigned char ent)
{
return ent & ~SWAP_HAS_CACHE; /* may include COUNT_CONTINUED flag */
}
/*
* Use the second highest bit of inuse_pages counter as the indicator
* if one swap device is on the available plist , so the atomic can
* still be updated arithmetically while having special data embedded .
*
* inuse_pages counter is the only thing indicating if a device should
* be on avail_lists or not ( except swapon / swapoff ) . By embedding the
* off - list bit in the atomic counter , updates no longer need any lock
* to check the list status .
*
* This bit will be set if the device is not on the plist and not
* usable , will be cleared if the device is on the plist .
*/
#define SWAP_USAGE_OFFLIST_BIT (1 UL << (BITS_PER_TYPE(atomic_t) - 2 ))
#define SWAP_USAGE_COUNTER_MASK (~SWAP_USAGE_OFFLIST_BIT)
static long swap_usage_in_pages(struct swap_info_struct *si)
{
return atomic_long_read(&si->inuse_pages) & SWAP_USAGE_COUNTER_MASK;
}
/* Reclaim the swap entry anyway if possible */
#define TTRS_ANYWAY 0 x1
/*
* Reclaim the swap entry if there are no more mappings of the
* corresponding page
*/
#define TTRS_UNMAPPED 0 x2
/* Reclaim the swap entry if swap is getting full */
#define TTRS_FULL 0 x4
static bool swap_only_has_cache(struct swap_info_struct *si,
unsigned long offset, int nr_pages)
{
unsigned char *map = si->swap_map + offset;
unsigned char *map_end = map + nr_pages;
do {
VM_BUG_ON(!(*map & SWAP_HAS_CACHE));
if (*map != SWAP_HAS_CACHE)
return false ;
} while (++map < map_end);
return true ;
}
static bool swap_is_last_map(struct swap_info_struct *si,
unsigned long offset, int nr_pages, bool *has_cache)
{
unsigned char *map = si->swap_map + offset;
unsigned char *map_end = map + nr_pages;
unsigned char count = *map;
if (swap_count(count) != 1 && swap_count(count) != SWAP_MAP_SHMEM)
return false ;
while (++map < map_end) {
if (*map != count)
return false ;
}
*has_cache = !!(count & SWAP_HAS_CACHE);
return true ;
}
/*
* returns number of pages in the folio that backs the swap entry . If positive ,
* the folio was reclaimed . If negative , the folio was not reclaimed . If 0 , no
* folio was associated with the swap entry .
*/
static int __try_to_reclaim_swap(struct swap_info_struct *si,
unsigned long offset, unsigned long flags)
{
swp_entry_t entry = swp_entry(si->type, offset);
struct address_space *address_space = swap_address_space(entry);
struct swap_cluster_info *ci;
struct folio *folio;
int ret, nr_pages;
bool need_reclaim;
again:
folio = filemap_get_folio(address_space, swap_cache_index(entry));
if (IS_ERR(folio))
return 0 ;
nr_pages = folio_nr_pages(folio);
ret = -nr_pages;
/*
* When this function is called from scan_swap_map_slots ( ) and it ' s
* called by vmscan . c at reclaiming folios . So we hold a folio lock
* here . We have to use trylock for avoiding deadlock . This is a special
* case and you should use folio_free_swap ( ) with explicit folio_lock ( )
* in usual operations .
*/
if (!folio_trylock(folio))
goto out;
/*
* Offset could point to the middle of a large folio , or folio
* may no longer point to the expected offset before it ' s locked .
*/
entry = folio->swap;
if (offset < swp_offset(entry) || offset >= swp_offset(entry) + nr_pages) {
folio_unlock(folio);
folio_put(folio);
goto again;
}
offset = swp_offset(entry);
need_reclaim = ((flags & TTRS_ANYWAY) ||
((flags & TTRS_UNMAPPED) && !folio_mapped(folio)) ||
((flags & TTRS_FULL) && mem_cgroup_swap_full(folio)));
if (!need_reclaim || !folio_swapcache_freeable(folio))
goto out_unlock;
/*
* It ' s safe to delete the folio from swap cache only if the folio ' s
* swap_map is HAS_CACHE only , which means the slots have no page table
* reference or pending writeback , and can ' t be allocated to others .
*/
ci = lock_cluster(si, offset);
need_reclaim = swap_only_has_cache(si, offset, nr_pages);
unlock_cluster(ci);
if (!need_reclaim)
goto out_unlock;
delete_from_swap_cache(folio);
folio_set_dirty(folio);
ret = nr_pages;
out_unlock:
folio_unlock(folio);
out:
folio_put(folio);
return ret;
}
static inline struct swap_extent *first_se(struct swap_info_struct *sis)
{
struct rb_node *rb = rb_first(&sis->swap_extent_root);
return rb_entry(rb, struct swap_extent, rb_node);
}
static inline struct swap_extent *next_se(struct swap_extent *se)
{
struct rb_node *rb = rb_next(&se->rb_node);
return rb ? rb_entry(rb, struct swap_extent, rb_node) : NULL;
}
/*
* swapon tell device that all the old swap contents can be discarded ,
* to allow the swap device to optimize its wear - levelling .
*/
static int discard_swap(struct swap_info_struct *si)
{
struct swap_extent *se;
sector_t start_block;
sector_t nr_blocks;
int err = 0 ;
/* Do not discard the swap header page! */
se = first_se(si);
start_block = (se->start_block + 1 ) << (PAGE_SHIFT - 9 );
nr_blocks = ((sector_t)se->nr_pages - 1 ) << (PAGE_SHIFT - 9 );
if (nr_blocks) {
err = blkdev_issue_discard(si->bdev, start_block,
nr_blocks, GFP_KERNEL);
if (err)
return err;
cond_resched();
}
for (se = next_se(se); se; se = next_se(se)) {
start_block = se->start_block << (PAGE_SHIFT - 9 );
nr_blocks = (sector_t)se->nr_pages << (PAGE_SHIFT - 9 );
err = blkdev_issue_discard(si->bdev, start_block,
nr_blocks, GFP_KERNEL);
if (err)
break ;
cond_resched();
}
return err; /* That will often be -EOPNOTSUPP */
}
static struct swap_extent *
offset_to_swap_extent(struct swap_info_struct *sis, unsigned long offset)
{
struct swap_extent *se;
struct rb_node *rb;
rb = sis->swap_extent_root.rb_node;
while (rb) {
se = rb_entry(rb, struct swap_extent, rb_node);
if (offset < se->start_page)
rb = rb->rb_left;
else if (offset >= se->start_page + se->nr_pages)
rb = rb->rb_right;
else
return se;
}
/* It *must* be present */
BUG();
}
sector_t swap_folio_sector(struct folio *folio)
{
struct swap_info_struct *sis = swp_swap_info(folio->swap);
struct swap_extent *se;
sector_t sector;
pgoff_t offset;
offset = swp_offset(folio->swap);
se = offset_to_swap_extent(sis, offset);
sector = se->start_block + (offset - se->start_page);
return sector << (PAGE_SHIFT - 9 );
}
/*
* swap allocation tell device that a cluster of swap can now be discarded ,
* to allow the swap device to optimize its wear - levelling .
*/
static void discard_swap_cluster(struct swap_info_struct *si,
pgoff_t start_page, pgoff_t nr_pages)
{
struct swap_extent *se = offset_to_swap_extent(si, start_page);
while (nr_pages) {
pgoff_t offset = start_page - se->start_page;
sector_t start_block = se->start_block + offset;
sector_t nr_blocks = se->nr_pages - offset;
if (nr_blocks > nr_pages)
nr_blocks = nr_pages;
start_page += nr_blocks;
nr_pages -= nr_blocks;
start_block <<= PAGE_SHIFT - 9 ;
nr_blocks <<= PAGE_SHIFT - 9 ;
if (blkdev_issue_discard(si->bdev, start_block,
nr_blocks, GFP_NOIO))
break ;
se = next_se(se);
}
}
#ifdef CONFIG_THP_SWAP
#define SWAPFILE_CLUSTER HPAGE_PMD_NR
#define swap_entry_order(order) (order)
#else
#define SWAPFILE_CLUSTER 256
/*
* Define swap_entry_order ( ) as constant to let compiler to optimize
* out some code if ! CONFIG_THP_SWAP
*/
#define swap_entry_order(order) 0
#endif
#define LATENCY_LIMIT 256
static inline bool cluster_is_empty(struct swap_cluster_info *info)
{
return info->count == 0 ;
}
static inline bool cluster_is_discard(struct swap_cluster_info *info)
{
return info->flags == CLUSTER_FLAG_DISCARD;
}
static inline bool cluster_is_usable(struct swap_cluster_info *ci, int order)
{
if (unlikely(ci->flags > CLUSTER_FLAG_USABLE))
return false ;
if (!order)
return true ;
return cluster_is_empty(ci) || order == ci->order;
}
static inline unsigned int cluster_index(struct swap_info_struct *si,
struct swap_cluster_info *ci)
{
return ci - si->cluster_info;
}
static inline struct swap_cluster_info *offset_to_cluster(struct swap_info_struct *si,
unsigned long offset)
{
return &si->cluster_info[offset / SWAPFILE_CLUSTER];
}
static inline unsigned int cluster_offset(struct swap_info_struct *si,
struct swap_cluster_info *ci)
{
return cluster_index(si, ci) * SWAPFILE_CLUSTER;
}
static inline struct swap_cluster_info *lock_cluster(struct swap_info_struct *si,
unsigned long offset)
{
struct swap_cluster_info *ci;
ci = offset_to_cluster(si, offset);
spin_lock(&ci->lock);
return ci;
}
static inline void unlock_cluster(struct swap_cluster_info *ci)
{
spin_unlock(&ci->lock);
}
static void move_cluster(struct swap_info_struct *si,
struct swap_cluster_info *ci, struct list_head *list,
enum swap_cluster_flags new_flags)
{
VM_WARN_ON(ci->flags == new_flags);
BUILD_BUG_ON(1 << sizeof (ci->flags) * BITS_PER_BYTE < CLUSTER_FLAG_MAX);
lockdep_assert_held(&ci->lock);
spin_lock(&si->lock);
if (ci->flags == CLUSTER_FLAG_NONE)
list_add_tail(&ci->list, list);
else
list_move_tail(&ci->list, list);
spin_unlock(&si->lock);
if (ci->flags == CLUSTER_FLAG_FRAG)
atomic_long_dec(&si->frag_cluster_nr[ci->order]);
else if (new_flags == CLUSTER_FLAG_FRAG)
atomic_long_inc(&si->frag_cluster_nr[ci->order]);
ci->flags = new_flags;
}
/* Add a cluster to discard list and schedule it to do discard */
static void swap_cluster_schedule_discard(struct swap_info_struct *si,
struct swap_cluster_info *ci)
{
VM_BUG_ON(ci->flags == CLUSTER_FLAG_FREE);
move_cluster(si, ci, &si->discard_clusters, CLUSTER_FLAG_DISCARD);
schedule_work(&si->discard_work);
}
static void __free_cluster(struct swap_info_struct *si, struct swap_cluster_info *ci)
{
lockdep_assert_held(&ci->lock);
move_cluster(si, ci, &si->free_clusters, CLUSTER_FLAG_FREE);
ci->order = 0 ;
}
/*
* Isolate and lock the first cluster that is not contented on a list ,
* clean its flag before taken off - list . Cluster flag must be in sync
* with list status , so cluster updaters can always know the cluster
* list status without touching si lock .
*
* Note it ' s possible that all clusters on a list are contented so
* this returns NULL for an non - empty list .
*/
static struct swap_cluster_info *isolate_lock_cluster(
struct swap_info_struct *si, struct list_head *list)
{
struct swap_cluster_info *ci, *ret = NULL;
spin_lock(&si->lock);
if (unlikely(!(si->flags & SWP_WRITEOK)))
goto out;
list_for_each_entry(ci, list, list) {
if (!spin_trylock(&ci->lock))
continue ;
/* We may only isolate and clear flags of following lists */
VM_BUG_ON(!ci->flags);
VM_BUG_ON(ci->flags > CLUSTER_FLAG_USABLE &&
ci->flags != CLUSTER_FLAG_FULL);
list_del(&ci->list);
ci->flags = CLUSTER_FLAG_NONE;
ret = ci;
break ;
}
out:
spin_unlock(&si->lock);
return ret;
}
/*
* Doing discard actually . After a cluster discard is finished , the cluster
* will be added to free cluster list . Discard cluster is a bit special as
* they don ' t participate in allocation or reclaim , so clusters marked as
* CLUSTER_FLAG_DISCARD must remain off - list or on discard list .
*/
static bool swap_do_scheduled_discard(struct swap_info_struct *si)
{
struct swap_cluster_info *ci;
bool ret = false ;
unsigned int idx;
spin_lock(&si->lock);
while (!list_empty(&si->discard_clusters)) {
ci = list_first_entry(&si->discard_clusters, struct swap_cluster_info, list);
/*
* Delete the cluster from list to prepare for discard , but keep
* the CLUSTER_FLAG_DISCARD flag , percpu_swap_cluster could be
* pointing to it , or ran into by relocate_cluster .
*/
list_del(&ci->list);
idx = cluster_index(si, ci);
spin_unlock(&si->lock);
discard_swap_cluster(si, idx * SWAPFILE_CLUSTER,
SWAPFILE_CLUSTER);
spin_lock(&ci->lock);
/*
* Discard is done , clear its flags as it ' s off - list , then
* return the cluster to allocation list .
*/
ci->flags = CLUSTER_FLAG_NONE;
__free_cluster(si, ci);
spin_unlock(&ci->lock);
ret = true ;
spin_lock(&si->lock);
}
spin_unlock(&si->lock);
return ret;
}
static void swap_discard_work(struct work_struct *work)
{
struct swap_info_struct *si;
si = container_of(work, struct swap_info_struct, discard_work);
swap_do_scheduled_discard(si);
}
static void swap_users_ref_free(struct percpu_ref *ref)
{
struct swap_info_struct *si;
si = container_of(ref, struct swap_info_struct, users);
complete(&si->comp);
}
/*
* Must be called after freeing if ci - > count = = 0 , moves the cluster to free
* or discard list .
*/
static void free_cluster(struct swap_info_struct *si, struct swap_cluster_info *ci)
{
VM_BUG_ON(ci->count != 0 );
VM_BUG_ON(ci->flags == CLUSTER_FLAG_FREE);
lockdep_assert_held(&ci->lock);
/*
* If the swap is discardable , prepare discard the cluster
* instead of free it immediately . The cluster will be freed
* after discard .
*/
if ((si->flags & (SWP_WRITEOK | SWP_PAGE_DISCARD)) ==
(SWP_WRITEOK | SWP_PAGE_DISCARD)) {
swap_cluster_schedule_discard(si, ci);
return ;
}
__free_cluster(si, ci);
}
/*
* Must be called after freeing if ci - > count ! = 0 , moves the cluster to
* nonfull list .
*/
static void partial_free_cluster(struct swap_info_struct *si,
struct swap_cluster_info *ci)
{
VM_BUG_ON(!ci->count || ci->count == SWAPFILE_CLUSTER);
lockdep_assert_held(&ci->lock);
if (ci->flags != CLUSTER_FLAG_NONFULL)
move_cluster(si, ci, &si->nonfull_clusters[ci->order],
CLUSTER_FLAG_NONFULL);
}
/*
* Must be called after allocation , moves the cluster to full or frag list .
* Note : allocation doesn ' t acquire si lock , and may drop the ci lock for
* reclaim , so the cluster could be any where when called .
*/
static void relocate_cluster(struct swap_info_struct *si,
struct swap_cluster_info *ci)
{
lockdep_assert_held(&ci->lock);
/* Discard cluster must remain off-list or on discard list */
if (cluster_is_discard(ci))
return ;
if (!ci->count) {
if (ci->flags != CLUSTER_FLAG_FREE)
free_cluster(si, ci);
} else if (ci->count != SWAPFILE_CLUSTER) {
if (ci->flags != CLUSTER_FLAG_FRAG)
move_cluster(si, ci, &si->frag_clusters[ci->order],
CLUSTER_FLAG_FRAG);
} else {
if (ci->flags != CLUSTER_FLAG_FULL)
move_cluster(si, ci, &si->full_clusters,
CLUSTER_FLAG_FULL);
}
}
/*
* The cluster corresponding to page_nr will be used . The cluster will not be
* added to free cluster list and its usage counter will be increased by 1 .
* Only used for initialization .
*/
static void inc_cluster_info_page(struct swap_info_struct *si,
struct swap_cluster_info *cluster_info, unsigned long page_nr)
{
unsigned long idx = page_nr / SWAPFILE_CLUSTER;
struct swap_cluster_info *ci;
ci = cluster_info + idx;
ci->count++;
VM_BUG_ON(ci->count > SWAPFILE_CLUSTER);
VM_BUG_ON(ci->flags);
}
static bool cluster_reclaim_range(struct swap_info_struct *si,
struct swap_cluster_info *ci,
unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
{
unsigned char *map = si->swap_map;
unsigned long offset = start;
int nr_reclaim;
spin_unlock(&ci->lock);
do {
switch (READ_ONCE(map[offset])) {
case 0 :
offset++;
break ;
case SWAP_HAS_CACHE:
nr_reclaim = __try_to_reclaim_swap(si, offset, TTRS_ANYWAY);
if (nr_reclaim > 0 )
offset += nr_reclaim;
else
goto out;
break ;
default :
goto out;
}
} while (offset < end);
out:
spin_lock(&ci->lock);
/*
* Recheck the range no matter reclaim succeeded or not , the slot
* could have been be freed while we are not holding the lock .
*/
for (offset = start; offset < end; offset++)
if (READ_ONCE(map[offset]))
return false ;
return true ;
}
static bool cluster_scan_range(struct swap_info_struct *si,
struct swap_cluster_info *ci,
unsigned long start, unsigned int nr_pages,
bool *need_reclaim)
{
unsigned long offset, end = start + nr_pages;
unsigned char *map = si->swap_map;
if (cluster_is_empty(ci))
return true ;
for (offset = start; offset < end; offset++) {
switch (READ_ONCE(map[offset])) {
case 0 :
continue ;
case SWAP_HAS_CACHE:
if (!vm_swap_full())
return false ;
*need_reclaim = true ;
continue ;
default :
return false ;
}
}
return true ;
}
static bool cluster_alloc_range(struct swap_info_struct *si, struct swap_cluster_info *ci,
unsigned int start, unsigned char usage,
unsigned int order)
{
unsigned int nr_pages = 1 << order;
lockdep_assert_held(&ci->lock);
if (!(si->flags & SWP_WRITEOK))
return false ;
/*
* The first allocation in a cluster makes the
* cluster exclusive to this order
*/
if (cluster_is_empty(ci))
ci->order = order;
memset(si->swap_map + start, usage, nr_pages);
swap_range_alloc(si, nr_pages);
ci->count += nr_pages;
return true ;
}
/* Try use a new cluster for current CPU and allocate from it. */
static unsigned int alloc_swap_scan_cluster(struct swap_info_struct *si,
struct swap_cluster_info *ci,
unsigned long offset,
unsigned int order,
unsigned char usage)
{
unsigned int next = SWAP_ENTRY_INVALID, found = SWAP_ENTRY_INVALID;
unsigned long start = ALIGN_DOWN(offset, SWAPFILE_CLUSTER);
unsigned long end = min(start + SWAPFILE_CLUSTER, si->max);
unsigned int nr_pages = 1 << order;
bool need_reclaim, ret;
lockdep_assert_held(&ci->lock);
if (end < nr_pages || ci->count + nr_pages > SWAPFILE_CLUSTER)
goto out;
for (end -= nr_pages; offset <= end; offset += nr_pages) {
need_reclaim = false ;
if (!cluster_scan_range(si, ci, offset, nr_pages, &need_reclaim))
continue ;
if (need_reclaim) {
ret = cluster_reclaim_range(si, ci, offset, offset + nr_pages);
/*
* Reclaim drops ci - > lock and cluster could be used
* by another order . Not checking flag as off - list
* cluster has no flag set , and change of list
* won ' t cause fragmentation .
*/
if (!cluster_is_usable(ci, order))
goto out;
if (cluster_is_empty(ci))
offset = start;
/* Reclaim failed but cluster is usable, try next */
if (!ret)
continue ;
}
if (!cluster_alloc_range(si, ci, offset, usage, order))
break ;
found = offset;
offset += nr_pages;
if (ci->count < SWAPFILE_CLUSTER && offset <= end)
next = offset;
break ;
}
out:
relocate_cluster(si, ci);
unlock_cluster(ci);
if (si->flags & SWP_SOLIDSTATE) {
this_cpu_write(percpu_swap_cluster.offset[order], next);
this_cpu_write(percpu_swap_cluster.si[order], si);
} else {
si->global_cluster->next[order] = next;
}
return found;
}
static void swap_reclaim_full_clusters(struct swap_info_struct *si, bool force)
{
long to_scan = 1 ;
unsigned long offset, end;
struct swap_cluster_info *ci;
unsigned char *map = si->swap_map;
int nr_reclaim;
if (force)
to_scan = swap_usage_in_pages(si) / SWAPFILE_CLUSTER;
while ((ci = isolate_lock_cluster(si, &si->full_clusters))) {
offset = cluster_offset(si, ci);
end = min(si->max, offset + SWAPFILE_CLUSTER);
to_scan--;
while (offset < end) {
if (READ_ONCE(map[offset]) == SWAP_HAS_CACHE) {
spin_unlock(&ci->lock);
nr_reclaim = __try_to_reclaim_swap(si, offset,
TTRS_ANYWAY);
spin_lock(&ci->lock);
if (nr_reclaim) {
offset += abs(nr_reclaim);
continue ;
}
}
offset++;
}
/* in case no swap cache is reclaimed */
if (ci->flags == CLUSTER_FLAG_NONE)
relocate_cluster(si, ci);
unlock_cluster(ci);
if (to_scan <= 0 )
break ;
}
}
static void swap_reclaim_work(struct work_struct *work)
{
struct swap_info_struct *si;
si = container_of(work, struct swap_info_struct, reclaim_work);
swap_reclaim_full_clusters(si, true );
}
/*
* Try to allocate swap entries with specified order and try set a new
* cluster for current CPU too .
*/
static unsigned long cluster_alloc_swap_entry(struct swap_info_struct *si, int order,
unsigned char usage)
{
struct swap_cluster_info *ci;
unsigned int offset = SWAP_ENTRY_INVALID, found = SWAP_ENTRY_INVALID;
/*
* Swapfile is not block device so unable
* to allocate large entries .
*/
if (order && !(si->flags & SWP_BLKDEV))
return 0 ;
if (!(si->flags & SWP_SOLIDSTATE)) {
/* Serialize HDD SWAP allocation for each device. */
spin_lock(&si->global_cluster_lock);
offset = si->global_cluster->next[order];
if (offset == SWAP_ENTRY_INVALID)
goto new_cluster;
ci = lock_cluster(si, offset);
/* Cluster could have been used by another order */
if (cluster_is_usable(ci, order)) {
if (cluster_is_empty(ci))
offset = cluster_offset(si, ci);
found = alloc_swap_scan_cluster(si, ci, offset,
order, usage);
} else {
unlock_cluster(ci);
}
if (found)
goto done;
}
new_cluster:
ci = isolate_lock_cluster(si, &si->free_clusters);
if (ci) {
found = alloc_swap_scan_cluster(si, ci, cluster_offset(si, ci),
order, usage);
if (found)
goto done;
}
/* Try reclaim from full clusters if free clusters list is drained */
if (vm_swap_full())
swap_reclaim_full_clusters(si, false );
if (order < PMD_ORDER) {
unsigned int frags = 0 , frags_existing;
while ((ci = isolate_lock_cluster(si, &si->nonfull_clusters[order]))) {
found = alloc_swap_scan_cluster(si, ci, cluster_offset(si, ci),
order, usage);
if (found)
goto done;
/* Clusters failed to allocate are moved to frag_clusters */
frags++;
}
frags_existing = atomic_long_read(&si->frag_cluster_nr[order]);
while (frags < frags_existing &&
(ci = isolate_lock_cluster(si, &si->frag_clusters[order]))) {
atomic_long_dec(&si->frag_cluster_nr[order]);
/*
* Rotate the frag list to iterate , they were all
* failing high order allocation or moved here due to
* per - CPU usage , but they could contain newly released
* reclaimable ( eg . lazy - freed swap cache ) slots .
*/
found = alloc_swap_scan_cluster(si, ci, cluster_offset(si, ci),
order, usage);
if (found)
goto done;
frags++;
}
}
/*
* We don ' t have free cluster but have some clusters in discarding ,
* do discard now and reclaim them .
*/
if ((si->flags & SWP_PAGE_DISCARD) && swap_do_scheduled_discard(si))
goto new_cluster;
if (order)
goto done;
/* Order 0 stealing from higher order */
for (int o = 1 ; o < SWAP_NR_ORDERS; o++) {
/*
* Clusters here have at least one usable slots and can ' t fail order 0
* allocation , but reclaim may drop si - > lock and race with another user .
*/
while ((ci = isolate_lock_cluster(si, &si->frag_clusters[o]))) {
atomic_long_dec(&si->frag_cluster_nr[o]);
found = alloc_swap_scan_cluster(si, ci, cluster_offset(si, ci),
0 , usage);
if (found)
goto done;
}
while ((ci = isolate_lock_cluster(si, &si->nonfull_clusters[o]))) {
found = alloc_swap_scan_cluster(si, ci, cluster_offset(si, ci),
0 , usage);
if (found)
goto done;
}
}
done:
if (!(si->flags & SWP_SOLIDSTATE))
spin_unlock(&si->global_cluster_lock);
return found;
}
/* SWAP_USAGE_OFFLIST_BIT can only be set by this helper. */
static void del_from_avail_list(struct swap_info_struct *si, bool swapoff)
{
int nid;
unsigned long pages;
spin_lock(&swap_avail_lock);
if (swapoff) {
/*
* Forcefully remove it . Clear the SWP_WRITEOK flags for
* swapoff here so it ' s synchronized by both si - > lock and
* swap_avail_lock , to ensure the result can be seen by
* add_to_avail_list .
*/
lockdep_assert_held(&si->lock);
si->flags &= ~SWP_WRITEOK;
atomic_long_or(SWAP_USAGE_OFFLIST_BIT, &si->inuse_pages);
} else {
/*
* If not called by swapoff , take it off - list only if it ' s
* full and SWAP_USAGE_OFFLIST_BIT is not set ( strictly
* si - > inuse_pages = = pages ) , any concurrent slot freeing ,
* or device already removed from plist by someone else
* will make this return false .
*/
pages = si->pages;
if (!atomic_long_try_cmpxchg(&si->inuse_pages, &pages,
pages | SWAP_USAGE_OFFLIST_BIT))
goto skip;
}
for_each_node(nid)
plist_del(&si->avail_lists[nid], &swap_avail_heads[nid]);
skip:
spin_unlock(&swap_avail_lock);
}
/* SWAP_USAGE_OFFLIST_BIT can only be cleared by this helper. */
static void add_to_avail_list(struct swap_info_struct *si, bool swapon)
{
int nid;
long val;
unsigned long pages;
spin_lock(&swap_avail_lock);
/* Corresponding to SWP_WRITEOK clearing in del_from_avail_list */
if (swapon) {
lockdep_assert_held(&si->lock);
si->flags |= SWP_WRITEOK;
} else {
if (!(READ_ONCE(si->flags) & SWP_WRITEOK))
goto skip;
}
if (!(atomic_long_read(&si->inuse_pages) & SWAP_USAGE_OFFLIST_BIT))
goto skip;
val = atomic_long_fetch_and_relaxed(~SWAP_USAGE_OFFLIST_BIT, &si->inuse_pages);
/*
* When device is full and device is on the plist , only one updater will
* see ( inuse_pages = = si - > pages ) and will call del_from_avail_list . If
* that updater happen to be here , just skip adding .
*/
pages = si->pages;
if (val == pages) {
/* Just like the cmpxchg in del_from_avail_list */
if (atomic_long_try_cmpxchg(&si->inuse_pages, &pages,
pages | SWAP_USAGE_OFFLIST_BIT))
goto skip;
}
for_each_node(nid)
plist_add(&si->avail_lists[nid], &swap_avail_heads[nid]);
skip:
spin_unlock(&swap_avail_lock);
}
/*
* swap_usage_add / swap_usage_sub of each slot are serialized by ci - > lock
* within each cluster , so the total contribution to the global counter should
* always be positive and cannot exceed the total number of usable slots .
*/
static bool swap_usage_add(struct swap_info_struct *si, unsigned int nr_entries)
{
long val = atomic_long_add_return_relaxed(nr_entries, &si->inuse_pages);
/*
* If device is full , and SWAP_USAGE_OFFLIST_BIT is not set ,
* remove it from the plist .
*/
if (unlikely(val == si->pages)) {
del_from_avail_list(si, false );
return true ;
}
return false ;
}
static void swap_usage_sub(struct swap_info_struct *si, unsigned int nr_entries)
{
long val = atomic_long_sub_return_relaxed(nr_entries, &si->inuse_pages);
/*
* If device is not full , and SWAP_USAGE_OFFLIST_BIT is set ,
* add it to the plist .
*/
if (unlikely(val & SWAP_USAGE_OFFLIST_BIT))
add_to_avail_list(si, false );
}
static void swap_range_alloc(struct swap_info_struct *si,
unsigned int nr_entries)
{
if (swap_usage_add(si, nr_entries)) {
if (vm_swap_full())
schedule_work(&si->reclaim_work);
}
atomic_long_sub(nr_entries, &nr_swap_pages);
}
static void swap_range_free(struct swap_info_struct *si, unsigned long offset,
unsigned int nr_entries)
{
unsigned long begin = offset;
unsigned long end = offset + nr_entries - 1 ;
void (*swap_slot_free_notify)(struct block_device *, unsigned long );
unsigned int i;
/*
* Use atomic clear_bit operations only on zeromap instead of non - atomic
* bitmap_clear to prevent adjacent bits corruption due to simultaneous writes .
*/
for (i = 0 ; i < nr_entries; i++) {
clear_bit(offset + i, si->zeromap);
zswap_invalidate(swp_entry(si->type, offset + i));
}
if (si->flags & SWP_BLKDEV)
swap_slot_free_notify =
si->bdev->bd_disk->fops->swap_slot_free_notify;
else
swap_slot_free_notify = NULL;
while (offset <= end) {
arch_swap_invalidate_page(si->type, offset);
if (swap_slot_free_notify)
swap_slot_free_notify(si->bdev, offset);
offset++;
}
clear_shadow_from_swap_cache(si->type, begin, end);
/*
* Make sure that try_to_unuse ( ) observes si - > inuse_pages reaching 0
* only after the above cleanups are done .
*/
smp_wmb();
atomic_long_add(nr_entries, &nr_swap_pages);
swap_usage_sub(si, nr_entries);
}
static bool get_swap_device_info(struct swap_info_struct *si)
{
if (!percpu_ref_tryget_live(&si->users))
return false ;
/*
* Guarantee the si - > users are checked before accessing other
* fields of swap_info_struct , and si - > flags ( SWP_WRITEOK ) is
* up to dated .
*
* Paired with the spin_unlock ( ) after setup_swap_info ( ) in
* enable_swap_info ( ) , and smp_wmb ( ) in swapoff .
*/
smp_rmb();
return true ;
}
/*
* Fast path try to get swap entries with specified order from current
* CPU ' s swap entry pool ( a cluster ) .
*/
static bool swap_alloc_fast(swp_entry_t *entry,
int order)
{
struct swap_cluster_info *ci;
struct swap_info_struct *si;
unsigned int offset, found = SWAP_ENTRY_INVALID;
/*
* Once allocated , swap_info_struct will never be completely freed ,
* so checking it ' s liveness by get_swap_device_info is enough .
*/
si = this_cpu_read(percpu_swap_cluster.si[order]);
offset = this_cpu_read(percpu_swap_cluster.offset[order]);
if (!si || !offset || !get_swap_device_info(si))
return false ;
ci = lock_cluster(si, offset);
if (cluster_is_usable(ci, order)) {
if (cluster_is_empty(ci))
offset = cluster_offset(si, ci);
found = alloc_swap_scan_cluster(si, ci, offset, order, SWAP_HAS_CACHE);
if (found)
*entry = swp_entry(si->type, found);
} else {
unlock_cluster(ci);
}
put_swap_device(si);
return !!found;
}
/* Rotate the device and switch to a new cluster */
static bool swap_alloc_slow(swp_entry_t *entry,
int order)
{
int node;
unsigned long offset;
struct swap_info_struct *si, *next;
node = numa_node_id();
spin_lock(&swap_avail_lock);
start_over:
plist_for_each_entry_safe(si, next, &swap_avail_heads[node], avail_lists[node]) {
/* Rotate the device and switch to a new cluster */
plist_requeue(&si->avail_lists[node], &swap_avail_heads[node]);
spin_unlock(&swap_avail_lock);
if (get_swap_device_info(si)) {
offset = cluster_alloc_swap_entry(si, order, SWAP_HAS_CACHE);
put_swap_device(si);
if (offset) {
*entry = swp_entry(si->type, offset);
return true ;
}
if (order)
return false ;
}
spin_lock(&swap_avail_lock);
/*
* if we got here , it ' s likely that si was almost full before ,
* and since scan_swap_map_slots ( ) can drop the si - > lock ,
* multiple callers probably all tried to get a page from the
* same si and it filled up before we could get one ; or , the si
* filled up between us dropping swap_avail_lock and taking
* si - > lock . Since we dropped the swap_avail_lock , the
* swap_avail_head list may have been modified ; so if next is
* still in the swap_avail_head list then try it , otherwise
* start over if we have not gotten any slots .
*/
if (plist_node_empty(&next->avail_lists[node]))
goto start_over;
}
spin_unlock(&swap_avail_lock);
return false ;
}
/**
* folio_alloc_swap - allocate swap space for a folio
* @ folio : folio we want to move to swap
* @ gfp : gfp mask for shadow nodes
*
* Allocate swap space for the folio and add the folio to the
* swap cache .
*
* Context : Caller needs to hold the folio lock .
* Return : Whether the folio was added to the swap cache .
*/
int folio_alloc_swap(struct folio *folio, gfp_t gfp)
{
unsigned int order = folio_order(folio);
unsigned int size = 1 << order;
swp_entry_t entry = {};
VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(!folio_test_locked(folio), folio);
VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(!folio_test_uptodate(folio), folio);
if (order) {
/*
* Reject large allocation when THP_SWAP is disabled ,
* the caller should split the folio and try again .
*/
if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_THP_SWAP))
return -EAGAIN;
/*
* Allocation size should never exceed cluster size
* ( HPAGE_PMD_SIZE ) .
*/
if (size > SWAPFILE_CLUSTER) {
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(1 );
return -EINVAL;
}
}
local_lock(&percpu_swap_cluster.lock);
if (!swap_alloc_fast(&entry, order))
swap_alloc_slow(&entry, order);
local_unlock(&percpu_swap_cluster.lock);
/* Need to call this even if allocation failed, for MEMCG_SWAP_FAIL. */
if (mem_cgroup_try_charge_swap(folio, entry))
goto out_free;
if (!entry.val)
return -ENOMEM;
/*
* XArray node allocations from PF_MEMALLOC contexts could
* completely exhaust the page allocator . _ _ GFP_NOMEMALLOC
* stops emergency reserves from being allocated .
*
* TODO : this could cause a theoretical memory reclaim
* deadlock in the swap out path .
*/
if (add_to_swap_cache(folio, entry, gfp | __GFP_NOMEMALLOC, NULL))
goto out_free;
return 0 ;
out_free:
put_swap_folio(folio, entry);
return -ENOMEM;
}
static struct swap_info_struct *_swap_info_get(swp_entry_t entry)
{
struct swap_info_struct *si;
unsigned long offset;
if (!entry.val)
goto out;
si = swp_swap_info(entry);
if (!si)
goto bad_nofile;
if (data_race(!(si->flags & SWP_USED)))
goto bad_device;
offset = swp_offset(entry);
if (offset >= si->max)
goto bad_offset;
if (data_race(!si->swap_map[swp_offset(entry)]))
goto bad_free;
return si;
bad_free:
pr_err("%s: %s%08lx\n" , __func__, Unused_offset, entry.val);
goto out;
bad_offset:
pr_err("%s: %s%08lx\n" , __func__, Bad_offset, entry.val);
goto out;
bad_device:
pr_err("%s: %s%08lx\n" , __func__, Unused_file, entry.val);
goto out;
bad_nofile:
pr_err("%s: %s%08lx\n" , __func__, Bad_file, entry.val);
out:
return NULL;
}
static unsigned char swap_entry_put_locked(struct swap_info_struct *si,
struct swap_cluster_info *ci,
swp_entry_t entry,
unsigned char usage)
{
unsigned long offset = swp_offset(entry);
unsigned char count;
unsigned char has_cache;
count = si->swap_map[offset];
has_cache = count & SWAP_HAS_CACHE;
count &= ~SWAP_HAS_CACHE;
if (usage == SWAP_HAS_CACHE) {
VM_BUG_ON(!has_cache);
has_cache = 0 ;
} else if (count == SWAP_MAP_SHMEM) {
/*
* Or we could insist on shmem . c using a special
* swap_shmem_free ( ) and free_shmem_swap_and_cache ( ) . . .
*/
count = 0 ;
} else if ((count & ~COUNT_CONTINUED) <= SWAP_MAP_MAX) {
if (count == COUNT_CONTINUED) {
if (swap_count_continued(si, offset, count))
count = SWAP_MAP_MAX | COUNT_CONTINUED;
else
count = SWAP_MAP_MAX;
} else
count--;
}
usage = count | has_cache;
if (usage)
WRITE_ONCE(si->swap_map[offset], usage);
else
swap_entries_free(si, ci, entry, 1 );
return usage;
}
/*
* When we get a swap entry , if there aren ' t some other ways to
* prevent swapoff , such as the folio in swap cache is locked , RCU
* reader side is locked , etc . , the swap entry may become invalid
* because of swapoff . Then , we need to enclose all swap related
* functions with get_swap_device ( ) and put_swap_device ( ) , unless the
* swap functions call get / put_swap_device ( ) by themselves .
*
* RCU reader side lock ( including any spinlock ) is sufficient to
* prevent swapoff , because synchronize_rcu ( ) is called in swapoff ( )
* before freeing data structures .
*
* Check whether swap entry is valid in the swap device . If so ,
* return pointer to swap_info_struct , and keep the swap entry valid
* via preventing the swap device from being swapoff , until
* put_swap_device ( ) is called . Otherwise return NULL .
*
* Notice that swapoff or swapoff + swapon can still happen before the
* percpu_ref_tryget_live ( ) in get_swap_device ( ) or after the
* percpu_ref_put ( ) in put_swap_device ( ) if there isn ' t any other way
* to prevent swapoff . The caller must be prepared for that . For
* example , the following situation is possible .
*
* CPU1 CPU2
* do_swap_page ( )
* . . . swapoff + swapon
* _ _ read_swap_cache_async ( )
* swapcache_prepare ( )
* _ _ swap_duplicate ( )
* // check swap_map
* // verify PTE not changed
*
* In _ _ swap_duplicate ( ) , the swap_map need to be checked before
* changing partly because the specified swap entry may be for another
* swap device which has been swapoff . And in do_swap_page ( ) , after
* the page is read from the swap device , the PTE is verified not
* changed with the page table locked to check whether the swap device
* has been swapoff or swapoff + swapon .
*/
struct swap_info_struct *get_swap_device(swp_entry_t entry)
{
struct swap_info_struct *si;
unsigned long offset;
if (!entry.val)
goto out;
si = swp_swap_info(entry);
if (!si)
goto bad_nofile;
if (!get_swap_device_info(si))
goto out;
offset = swp_offset(entry);
if (offset >= si->max)
goto put_out;
return si;
bad_nofile:
pr_err("%s: %s%08lx\n" , __func__, Bad_file, entry.val);
out:
return NULL;
put_out:
pr_err("%s: %s%08lx\n" , __func__, Bad_offset, entry.val);
percpu_ref_put(&si->users);
return NULL;
}
static void swap_entries_put_cache(struct swap_info_struct *si,
swp_entry_t entry, int nr)
{
unsigned long offset = swp_offset(entry);
struct swap_cluster_info *ci;
ci = lock_cluster(si, offset);
if (swap_only_has_cache(si, offset, nr))
swap_entries_free(si, ci, entry, nr);
else {
for (int i = 0 ; i < nr; i++, entry.val++)
swap_entry_put_locked(si, ci, entry, SWAP_HAS_CACHE);
}
unlock_cluster(ci);
}
static bool swap_entries_put_map(struct swap_info_struct *si,
swp_entry_t entry, int nr)
{
unsigned long offset = swp_offset(entry);
struct swap_cluster_info *ci;
bool has_cache = false ;
unsigned char count;
int i;
if (nr <= 1 )
goto fallback;
count = swap_count(data_race(si->swap_map[offset]));
if (count != 1 && count != SWAP_MAP_SHMEM)
goto fallback;
ci = lock_cluster(si, offset);
if (!swap_is_last_map(si, offset, nr, &has_cache)) {
goto locked_fallback;
}
if (!has_cache)
swap_entries_free(si, ci, entry, nr);
else
for (i = 0 ; i < nr; i++)
WRITE_ONCE(si->swap_map[offset + i], SWAP_HAS_CACHE);
unlock_cluster(ci);
return has_cache;
fallback:
ci = lock_cluster(si, offset);
locked_fallback:
for (i = 0 ; i < nr; i++, entry.val++) {
count = swap_entry_put_locked(si, ci, entry, 1 );
if (count == SWAP_HAS_CACHE)
has_cache = true ;
}
unlock_cluster(ci);
return has_cache;
}
/*
* Only functions with " _ nr " suffix are able to free entries spanning
* cross multi clusters , so ensure the range is within a single cluster
* when freeing entries with functions without " _ nr " suffix .
*/
static bool swap_entries_put_map_nr(struct swap_info_struct *si,
swp_entry_t entry, int nr)
{
int cluster_nr, cluster_rest;
unsigned long offset = swp_offset(entry);
bool has_cache = false ;
cluster_rest = SWAPFILE_CLUSTER - offset % SWAPFILE_CLUSTER;
while (nr) {
cluster_nr = min(nr, cluster_rest);
has_cache |= swap_entries_put_map(si, entry, cluster_nr);
cluster_rest = SWAPFILE_CLUSTER;
nr -= cluster_nr;
entry.val += cluster_nr;
}
return has_cache;
}
/*
* Check if it ' s the last ref of swap entry in the freeing path .
* Qualified vlaue includes 1 , SWAP_HAS_CACHE or SWAP_MAP_SHMEM .
*/
static inline bool __maybe_unused swap_is_last_ref(unsigned char count)
{
return (count == SWAP_HAS_CACHE) || (count == 1 ) ||
(count == SWAP_MAP_SHMEM);
}
/*
* Drop the last ref of swap entries , caller have to ensure all entries
* belong to the same cgroup and cluster .
*/
static void swap_entries_free(struct swap_info_struct *si,
struct swap_cluster_info *ci,
swp_entry_t entry, unsigned int nr_pages)
{
unsigned long offset = swp_offset(entry);
unsigned char *map = si->swap_map + offset;
unsigned char *map_end = map + nr_pages;
/* It should never free entries across different clusters */
VM_BUG_ON(ci != offset_to_cluster(si, offset + nr_pages - 1 ));
VM_BUG_ON(cluster_is_empty(ci));
VM_BUG_ON(ci->count < nr_pages);
ci->count -= nr_pages;
do {
VM_BUG_ON(!swap_is_last_ref(*map));
*map = 0 ;
} while (++map < map_end);
mem_cgroup_uncharge_swap(entry, nr_pages);
swap_range_free(si, offset, nr_pages);
if (!ci->count)
free_cluster(si, ci);
else
partial_free_cluster(si, ci);
}
/*
* Caller has made sure that the swap device corresponding to entry
* is still around or has not been recycled .
*/
void swap_free_nr(swp_entry_t entry, int nr_pages)
{
int nr;
struct swap_info_struct *sis;
unsigned long offset = swp_offset(entry);
sis = _swap_info_get(entry);
if (!sis)
return ;
while (nr_pages) {
nr = min_t(int , nr_pages, SWAPFILE_CLUSTER - offset % SWAPFILE_CLUSTER);
swap_entries_put_map(sis, swp_entry(sis->type, offset), nr);
offset += nr;
nr_pages -= nr;
}
}
/*
* Called after dropping swapcache to decrease refcnt to swap entries .
*/
void put_swap_folio(struct folio *folio, swp_entry_t entry)
{
struct swap_info_struct *si;
int size = 1 << swap_entry_order(folio_order(folio));
si = _swap_info_get(entry);
if (!si)
return ;
swap_entries_put_cache(si, entry, size);
}
int __swap_count(swp_entry_t entry)
{
struct swap_info_struct *si = swp_swap_info(entry);
pgoff_t offset = swp_offset(entry);
return swap_count(si->swap_map[offset]);
}
/*
* How many references to @ entry are currently swapped out ?
* This does not give an exact answer when swap count is continued ,
* but does include the high COUNT_CONTINUED flag to allow for that .
*/
bool swap_entry_swapped(struct swap_info_struct *si, swp_entry_t entry)
{
pgoff_t offset = swp_offset(entry);
struct swap_cluster_info *ci;
int count;
ci = lock_cluster(si, offset);
count = swap_count(si->swap_map[offset]);
unlock_cluster(ci);
return !!count;
}
/*
* How many references to @ entry are currently swapped out ?
* This considers COUNT_CONTINUED so it returns exact answer .
*/
int swp_swapcount(swp_entry_t entry)
{
int count, tmp_count, n;
struct swap_info_struct *si;
struct swap_cluster_info *ci;
struct page *page;
pgoff_t offset;
unsigned char *map;
si = _swap_info_get(entry);
if (!si)
return 0 ;
offset = swp_offset(entry);
ci = lock_cluster(si, offset);
count = swap_count(si->swap_map[offset]);
if (!(count & COUNT_CONTINUED))
goto out;
count &= ~COUNT_CONTINUED;
n = SWAP_MAP_MAX + 1 ;
page = vmalloc_to_page(si->swap_map + offset);
offset &= ~PAGE_MASK;
VM_BUG_ON(page_private(page) != SWP_CONTINUED);
do {
page = list_next_entry(page, lru);
map = kmap_local_page(page);
tmp_count = map[offset];
kunmap_local(map);
count += (tmp_count & ~COUNT_CONTINUED) * n;
n *= (SWAP_CONT_MAX + 1 );
} while (tmp_count & COUNT_CONTINUED);
out:
unlock_cluster(ci);
return count;
}
static bool swap_page_trans_huge_swapped(struct swap_info_struct *si,
swp_entry_t entry, int order)
{
struct swap_cluster_info *ci;
unsigned char *map = si->swap_map;
unsigned int nr_pages = 1 << order;
unsigned long roffset = swp_offset(entry);
unsigned long offset = round_down(roffset, nr_pages);
int i;
bool ret = false ;
ci = lock_cluster(si, offset);
if (nr_pages == 1 ) {
if (swap_count(map[roffset]))
ret = true ;
goto unlock_out;
}
for (i = 0 ; i < nr_pages; i++) {
if (swap_count(map[offset + i])) {
ret = true ;
break ;
}
}
unlock_out:
unlock_cluster(ci);
return ret;
}
static bool folio_swapped(struct folio *folio)
{
swp_entry_t entry = folio->swap;
struct swap_info_struct *si = _swap_info_get(entry);
if (!si)
return false ;
if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_THP_SWAP) || likely(!folio_test_large(folio)))
return swap_entry_swapped(si, entry);
return swap_page_trans_huge_swapped(si, entry, folio_order(folio));
}
static bool folio_swapcache_freeable(struct folio *folio)
{
VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(!folio_test_locked(folio), folio);
if (!folio_test_swapcache(folio))
return false ;
if (folio_test_writeback(folio))
return false ;
/*
* Once hibernation has begun to create its image of memory ,
* there ' s a danger that one of the calls to folio_free_swap ( )
* - most probably a call from _ _ try_to_reclaim_swap ( ) while
* hibernation is allocating its own swap pages for the image ,
* but conceivably even a call from memory reclaim - will free
* the swap from a folio which has already been recorded in the
* image as a clean swapcache folio , and then reuse its swap for
* another page of the image . On waking from hibernation , the
* original folio might be freed under memory pressure , then
* later read back in from swap , now with the wrong data .
*
* Hibernation suspends storage while it is writing the image
* to disk so check that here .
*/
if (pm_suspended_storage())
return false ;
return true ;
}
/**
* folio_free_swap ( ) - Free the swap space used for this folio .
* @ folio : The folio to remove .
*
* If swap is getting full , or if there are no more mappings of this folio ,
* then call folio_free_swap to free its swap space .
*
* Return : true if we were able to release the swap space .
*/
bool folio_free_swap(struct folio *folio)
{
if (!folio_swapcache_freeable(folio))
return false ;
if (folio_swapped(folio))
return false ;
delete_from_swap_cache(folio);
folio_set_dirty(folio);
return true ;
}
/**
* free_swap_and_cache_nr ( ) - Release reference on range of swap entries and
* reclaim their cache if no more references remain .
* @ entry : First entry of range .
* @ nr : Number of entries in range .
*
* For each swap entry in the contiguous range , release a reference . If any swap
* entries become free , try to reclaim their underlying folios , if present . The
* offset range is defined by [ entry . offset , entry . offset + nr ) .
*/
void free_swap_and_cache_nr(swp_entry_t entry, int nr)
{
const unsigned long start_offset = swp_offset(entry);
const unsigned long end_offset = start_offset + nr;
struct swap_info_struct *si;
bool any_only_cache = false ;
unsigned long offset;
si = get_swap_device(entry);
if (!si)
return ;
if (WARN_ON(end_offset > si->max))
goto out;
/*
* First free all entries in the range .
*/
any_only_cache = swap_entries_put_map_nr(si, entry, nr);
/*
* Short - circuit the below loop if none of the entries had their
* reference drop to zero .
*/
if (!any_only_cache)
goto out;
/*
* Now go back over the range trying to reclaim the swap cache .
*/
for (offset = start_offset; offset < end_offset; offset += nr) {
nr = 1 ;
if (READ_ONCE(si->swap_map[offset]) == SWAP_HAS_CACHE) {
/*
* Folios are always naturally aligned in swap so
* advance forward to the next boundary . Zero means no
* folio was found for the swap entry , so advance by 1
* in this case . Negative value means folio was found
* but could not be reclaimed . Here we can still advance
* to the next boundary .
*/
nr = __try_to_reclaim_swap(si, offset,
TTRS_UNMAPPED | TTRS_FULL);
if (nr == 0 )
nr = 1 ;
else if (nr < 0 )
nr = -nr;
nr = ALIGN(offset + 1 , nr) - offset;
}
}
out:
put_swap_device(si);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_HIBERNATION
swp_entry_t get_swap_page_of_type(int type)
{
struct swap_info_struct *si = swap_type_to_swap_info(type);
unsigned long offset;
swp_entry_t entry = {0 };
if (!si)
goto fail;
/* This is called for allocating swap entry, not cache */
if (get_swap_device_info(si)) {
if (si->flags & SWP_WRITEOK) {
offset = cluster_alloc_swap_entry(si, 0 , 1 );
if (offset) {
entry = swp_entry(si->type, offset);
atomic_long_dec(&nr_swap_pages);
}
}
put_swap_device(si);
}
fail:
return entry;
}
/*
* Find the swap type that corresponds to given device ( if any ) .
*
* @ offset - number of the PAGE_SIZE - sized block of the device , starting
* from 0 , in which the swap header is expected to be located .
*
* This is needed for the suspend to disk ( aka swsusp ) .
*/
int swap_type_of(dev_t device, sector_t offset)
{
int type;
if (!device)
return -1 ;
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
for (type = 0 ; type < nr_swapfiles; type++) {
struct swap_info_struct *sis = swap_info[type];
if (!(sis->flags & SWP_WRITEOK))
continue ;
if (device == sis->bdev->bd_dev) {
struct swap_extent *se = first_se(sis);
if (se->start_block == offset) {
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
return type;
}
}
}
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
return -ENODEV;
}
int find_first_swap(dev_t *device)
{
int type;
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
for (type = 0 ; type < nr_swapfiles; type++) {
struct swap_info_struct *sis = swap_info[type];
if (!(sis->flags & SWP_WRITEOK))
continue ;
*device = sis->bdev->bd_dev;
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
return type;
}
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
return -ENODEV;
}
/*
* Get the ( PAGE_SIZE ) block corresponding to given offset on the swapdev
* corresponding to given index in swap_info ( swap type ) .
*/
sector_t swapdev_block(int type, pgoff_t offset)
{
struct swap_info_struct *si = swap_type_to_swap_info(type);
struct swap_extent *se;
if (!si || !(si->flags & SWP_WRITEOK))
return 0 ;
se = offset_to_swap_extent(si, offset);
return se->start_block + (offset - se->start_page);
}
/*
* Return either the total number of swap pages of given type , or the number
* of free pages of that type ( depending on @ free )
*
* This is needed for software suspend
*/
unsigned int count_swap_pages(int type, int free)
{
unsigned int n = 0 ;
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
if ((unsigned int )type < nr_swapfiles) {
struct swap_info_struct *sis = swap_info[type];
spin_lock(&sis->lock);
if (sis->flags & SWP_WRITEOK) {
n = sis->pages;
if (free)
n -= swap_usage_in_pages(sis);
}
spin_unlock(&sis->lock);
}
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
return n;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_HIBERNATION */
static inline int pte_same_as_swp(pte_t pte, pte_t swp_pte)
{
return pte_same(pte_swp_clear_flags(pte), swp_pte);
}
/*
* No need to decide whether this PTE shares the swap entry with others ,
* just let do_wp_page work it out if a write is requested later - to
* force COW , vm_page_prot omits write permission from any private vma .
*/
static int unuse_pte(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pmd_t *pmd,
unsigned long addr, swp_entry_t entry, struct folio *folio)
{
struct page *page;
struct folio *swapcache;
spinlock_t *ptl;
pte_t *pte, new_pte, old_pte;
bool hwpoisoned = false ;
int ret = 1 ;
swapcache = folio;
folio = ksm_might_need_to_copy(folio, vma, addr);
if (unlikely(!folio))
return -ENOMEM;
else if (unlikely(folio == ERR_PTR(-EHWPOISON))) {
hwpoisoned = true ;
folio = swapcache;
}
page = folio_file_page(folio, swp_offset(entry));
if (PageHWPoison(page))
hwpoisoned = true ;
pte = pte_offset_map_lock(vma->vm_mm, pmd, addr, &ptl);
if (unlikely(!pte || !pte_same_as_swp(ptep_get(pte),
swp_entry_to_pte(entry)))) {
ret = 0 ;
goto out;
}
old_pte = ptep_get(pte);
if (unlikely(hwpoisoned || !folio_test_uptodate(folio))) {
swp_entry_t swp_entry;
dec_mm_counter(vma->vm_mm, MM_SWAPENTS);
if (hwpoisoned) {
swp_entry = make_hwpoison_entry(page);
} else {
swp_entry = make_poisoned_swp_entry();
}
new_pte = swp_entry_to_pte(swp_entry);
ret = 0 ;
goto setpte;
}
/*
* Some architectures may have to restore extra metadata to the page
* when reading from swap . This metadata may be indexed by swap entry
* so this must be called before swap_free ( ) .
*/
arch_swap_restore(folio_swap(entry, folio), folio);
dec_mm_counter(vma->vm_mm, MM_SWAPENTS);
inc_mm_counter(vma->vm_mm, MM_ANONPAGES);
folio_get(folio);
if (folio == swapcache) {
rmap_t rmap_flags = RMAP_NONE;
/*
* See do_swap_page ( ) : writeback would be problematic .
* However , we do a folio_wait_writeback ( ) just before this
* call and have the folio locked .
*/
VM_BUG_ON_FOLIO(folio_test_writeback(folio), folio);
if (pte_swp_exclusive(old_pte))
rmap_flags |= RMAP_EXCLUSIVE;
/*
* We currently only expect small ! anon folios , which are either
* fully exclusive or fully shared . If we ever get large folios
* here , we have to be careful .
*/
if (!folio_test_anon(folio)) {
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(folio_test_large(folio));
VM_WARN_ON_FOLIO(!folio_test_locked(folio), folio);
folio_add_new_anon_rmap(folio, vma, addr, rmap_flags);
} else {
folio_add_anon_rmap_pte(folio, page, vma, addr, rmap_flags);
}
} else { /* ksm created a completely new copy */
folio_add_new_anon_rmap(folio, vma, addr, RMAP_EXCLUSIVE);
folio_add_lru_vma(folio, vma);
}
new_pte = pte_mkold(mk_pte(page, vma->vm_page_prot));
if (pte_swp_soft_dirty(old_pte))
new_pte = pte_mksoft_dirty(new_pte);
if (pte_swp_uffd_wp(old_pte))
new_pte = pte_mkuffd_wp(new_pte);
setpte:
set_pte_at(vma->vm_mm, addr, pte, new_pte);
swap_free(entry);
out:
if (pte)
pte_unmap_unlock(pte, ptl);
if (folio != swapcache) {
folio_unlock(folio);
folio_put(folio);
}
return ret;
}
static int unuse_pte_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pmd_t *pmd,
unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
unsigned int type)
{
pte_t *pte = NULL;
struct swap_info_struct *si;
si = swap_info[type];
do {
struct folio *folio;
unsigned long offset;
unsigned char swp_count;
swp_entry_t entry;
int ret;
pte_t ptent;
if (!pte++) {
pte = pte_offset_map(pmd, addr);
if (!pte)
break ;
}
ptent = ptep_get_lockless(pte);
if (!is_swap_pte(ptent))
continue ;
entry = pte_to_swp_entry(ptent);
if (swp_type(entry) != type)
continue ;
offset = swp_offset(entry);
pte_unmap(pte);
pte = NULL;
folio = swap_cache_get_folio(entry, vma, addr);
if (!folio) {
struct vm_fault vmf = {
.vma = vma,
.address = addr,
.real_address = addr,
.pmd = pmd,
};
folio = swapin_readahead(entry, GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE,
&vmf);
}
if (!folio) {
swp_count = READ_ONCE(si->swap_map[offset]);
if (swp_count == 0 || swp_count == SWAP_MAP_BAD)
continue ;
return -ENOMEM;
}
folio_lock(folio);
folio_wait_writeback(folio);
ret = unuse_pte(vma, pmd, addr, entry, folio);
if (ret < 0 ) {
folio_unlock(folio);
folio_put(folio);
return ret;
}
folio_free_swap(folio);
folio_unlock(folio);
folio_put(folio);
} while (addr += PAGE_SIZE, addr != end);
if (pte)
pte_unmap(pte);
return 0 ;
}
static inline int unuse_pmd_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pud_t *pud,
unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
unsigned int type)
{
pmd_t *pmd;
unsigned long next;
int ret;
pmd = pmd_offset(pud, addr);
do {
cond_resched();
next = pmd_addr_end(addr, end);
ret = unuse_pte_range(vma, pmd, addr, next, type);
if (ret)
return ret;
} while (pmd++, addr = next, addr != end);
return 0 ;
}
static inline int unuse_pud_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, p4d_t *p4d,
unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
unsigned int type)
{
pud_t *pud;
unsigned long next;
int ret;
pud = pud_offset(p4d, addr);
do {
next = pud_addr_end(addr, end);
if (pud_none_or_clear_bad(pud))
continue ;
ret = unuse_pmd_range(vma, pud, addr, next, type);
if (ret)
return ret;
} while (pud++, addr = next, addr != end);
return 0 ;
}
static inline int unuse_p4d_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, pgd_t *pgd,
unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
unsigned int type)
{
p4d_t *p4d;
unsigned long next;
int ret;
p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, addr);
do {
next = p4d_addr_end(addr, end);
if (p4d_none_or_clear_bad(p4d))
continue ;
ret = unuse_pud_range(vma, p4d, addr, next, type);
if (ret)
return ret;
} while (p4d++, addr = next, addr != end);
return 0 ;
}
static int unuse_vma(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned int type)
{
pgd_t *pgd;
unsigned long addr, end, next;
int ret;
addr = vma->vm_start;
end = vma->vm_end;
pgd = pgd_offset(vma->vm_mm, addr);
do {
next = pgd_addr_end(addr, end);
if (pgd_none_or_clear_bad(pgd))
continue ;
ret = unuse_p4d_range(vma, pgd, addr, next, type);
if (ret)
return ret;
} while (pgd++, addr = next, addr != end);
return 0 ;
}
static int unuse_mm(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned int type)
{
struct vm_area_struct *vma;
int ret = 0 ;
VMA_ITERATOR(vmi, mm, 0 );
mmap_read_lock(mm);
if (check_stable_address_space(mm))
goto unlock;
for_each_vma(vmi, vma) {
if (vma->anon_vma && !is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma)) {
ret = unuse_vma(vma, type);
if (ret)
break ;
}
cond_resched();
}
unlock:
mmap_read_unlock(mm);
return ret;
}
/*
* Scan swap_map from current position to next entry still in use .
* Return 0 if there are no inuse entries after prev till end of
* the map .
*/
static unsigned int find_next_to_unuse(struct swap_info_struct *si,
unsigned int prev)
{
unsigned int i;
unsigned char count;
/*
* No need for swap_lock here : we ' re just looking
* for whether an entry is in use , not modifying it ; false
* hits are okay , and sys_swapoff ( ) has already prevented new
* allocations from this area ( while holding swap_lock ) .
*/
for (i = prev + 1 ; i < si->max; i++) {
count = READ_ONCE(si->swap_map[i]);
if (count && swap_count(count) != SWAP_MAP_BAD)
break ;
if ((i % LATENCY_LIMIT) == 0 )
cond_resched();
}
if (i == si->max)
i = 0 ;
return i;
}
static int try_to_unuse(unsigned int type)
{
struct mm_struct *prev_mm;
struct mm_struct *mm;
struct list_head *p;
int retval = 0 ;
struct swap_info_struct *si = swap_info[type];
struct folio *folio;
swp_entry_t entry;
unsigned int i;
if (!swap_usage_in_pages(si))
goto success;
retry:
retval = shmem_unuse(type);
if (retval)
return retval;
prev_mm = &init_mm;
mmget(prev_mm);
spin_lock(&mmlist_lock);
p = &init_mm.mmlist;
while (swap_usage_in_pages(si) &&
!signal_pending(current) &&
(p = p->next) != &init_mm.mmlist) {
mm = list_entry(p, struct mm_struct, mmlist);
if (!mmget_not_zero(mm))
continue ;
spin_unlock(&mmlist_lock);
mmput(prev_mm);
prev_mm = mm;
retval = unuse_mm(mm, type);
if (retval) {
mmput(prev_mm);
return retval;
}
/*
* Make sure that we aren ' t completely killing
* interactive performance .
*/
cond_resched();
spin_lock(&mmlist_lock);
}
spin_unlock(&mmlist_lock);
mmput(prev_mm);
i = 0 ;
while (swap_usage_in_pages(si) &&
!signal_pending(current) &&
(i = find_next_to_unuse(si, i)) != 0 ) {
entry = swp_entry(type, i);
folio = filemap_get_folio(swap_address_space(entry), swap_cache_index(entry));
if (IS_ERR(folio))
continue ;
/*
* It is conceivable that a racing task removed this folio from
* swap cache just before we acquired the page lock . The folio
* might even be back in swap cache on another swap area . But
* that is okay , folio_free_swap ( ) only removes stale folios .
*/
folio_lock(folio);
folio_wait_writeback(folio);
folio_free_swap(folio);
folio_unlock(folio);
folio_put(folio);
}
/*
* Lets check again to see if there are still swap entries in the map .
* If yes , we would need to do retry the unuse logic again .
* Under global memory pressure , swap entries can be reinserted back
* into process space after the mmlist loop above passes over them .
*
* Limit the number of retries ? No : when mmget_not_zero ( )
* above fails , that mm is likely to be freeing swap from
* exit_mmap ( ) , which proceeds at its own independent pace ;
* and even shmem_writeout ( ) could have been preempted after
* folio_alloc_swap ( ) , temporarily hiding that swap . It ' s easy
* and robust ( though cpu - intensive ) just to keep retrying .
*/
if (swap_usage_in_pages(si)) {
if (!signal_pending(current))
goto retry;
return -EINTR;
}
success:
/*
* Make sure that further cleanups after try_to_unuse ( ) returns happen
* after swap_range_free ( ) reduces si - > inuse_pages to 0 .
*/
smp_mb();
return 0 ;
}
/*
* After a successful try_to_unuse , if no swap is now in use , we know
* we can empty the mmlist . swap_lock must be held on entry and exit .
* Note that mmlist_lock nests inside swap_lock , and an mm must be
* added to the mmlist just after page_duplicate - before would be racy .
*/
static void drain_mmlist(void )
{
struct list_head *p, *next;
unsigned int type;
for (type = 0 ; type < nr_swapfiles; type++)
if (swap_usage_in_pages(swap_info[type]))
return ;
spin_lock(&mmlist_lock);
list_for_each_safe(p, next, &init_mm.mmlist)
list_del_init(p);
spin_unlock(&mmlist_lock);
}
/*
* Free all of a swapdev ' s extent information
*/
static void destroy_swap_extents(struct swap_info_struct *sis)
{
while (!RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&sis->swap_extent_root)) {
struct rb_node *rb = sis->swap_extent_root.rb_node;
struct swap_extent *se = rb_entry(rb, struct swap_extent, rb_node);
rb_erase(rb, &sis->swap_extent_root);
kfree(se);
}
if (sis->flags & SWP_ACTIVATED) {
struct file *swap_file = sis->swap_file;
struct address_space *mapping = swap_file->f_mapping;
sis->flags &= ~SWP_ACTIVATED;
if (mapping->a_ops->swap_deactivate)
mapping->a_ops->swap_deactivate(swap_file);
}
}
/*
* Add a block range ( and the corresponding page range ) into this swapdev ' s
* extent tree .
*
* This function rather assumes that it is called in ascending page order .
*/
int
add_swap_extent(struct swap_info_struct *sis, unsigned long start_page,
unsigned long nr_pages, sector_t start_block)
{
struct rb_node **link = &sis->swap_extent_root.rb_node, *parent = NULL;
struct swap_extent *se;
struct swap_extent *new_se;
/*
* place the new node at the right most since the
* function is called in ascending page order .
*/
while (*link) {
parent = *link;
link = &parent->rb_right;
}
if (parent) {
se = rb_entry(parent, struct swap_extent, rb_node);
BUG_ON(se->start_page + se->nr_pages != start_page);
if (se->start_block + se->nr_pages == start_block) {
/* Merge it */
se->nr_pages += nr_pages;
return 0 ;
}
}
/* No merge, insert a new extent. */
new_se = kmalloc(sizeof (*se), GFP_KERNEL);
if (new_se == NULL)
return -ENOMEM;
new_se->start_page = start_page;
new_se->nr_pages = nr_pages;
new_se->start_block = start_block;
rb_link_node(&new_se->rb_node, parent, link);
rb_insert_color(&new_se->rb_node, &sis->swap_extent_root);
return 1 ;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(add_swap_extent);
/*
* A ` swap extent ' is a simple thing which maps a contiguous range of pages
* onto a contiguous range of disk blocks . A rbtree of swap extents is
* built at swapon time and is then used at swap_writepage / swap_read_folio
* time for locating where on disk a page belongs .
*
* If the swapfile is an S_ISBLK block device , a single extent is installed .
* This is done so that the main operating code can treat S_ISBLK and S_ISREG
* swap files identically .
*
* Whether the swapdev is an S_ISREG file or an S_ISBLK blockdev , the swap
* extent rbtree operates in PAGE_SIZE disk blocks . Both S_ISREG and S_ISBLK
* swapfiles are handled * identically * after swapon time .
*
* For S_ISREG swapfiles , setup_swap_extents ( ) will walk all the file ' s blocks
* and will parse them into a rbtree , in PAGE_SIZE chunks . If some stray
* blocks are found which do not fall within the PAGE_SIZE alignment
* requirements , they are simply tossed out - we will never use those blocks
* for swapping .
*
* For all swap devices we set S_SWAPFILE across the life of the swapon . This
* prevents users from writing to the swap device , which will corrupt memory .
*
* The amount of disk space which a single swap extent represents varies .
* Typically it is in the 1 - 4 megabyte range . So we can have hundreds of
* extents in the rbtree . - akpm .
*/
static int setup_swap_extents(struct swap_info_struct *sis, sector_t *span)
{
struct file *swap_file = sis->swap_file;
struct address_space *mapping = swap_file->f_mapping;
struct inode *inode = mapping->host;
int ret;
if (S_ISBLK(inode->i_mode)) {
ret = add_swap_extent(sis, 0 , sis->max, 0 );
*span = sis->pages;
return ret;
}
if (mapping->a_ops->swap_activate) {
ret = mapping->a_ops->swap_activate(sis, swap_file, span);
if (ret < 0 )
return ret;
sis->flags |= SWP_ACTIVATED;
if ((sis->flags & SWP_FS_OPS) &&
sio_pool_init() != 0 ) {
destroy_swap_extents(sis);
return -ENOMEM;
}
return ret;
}
return generic_swapfile_activate(sis, swap_file, span);
}
static int swap_node(struct swap_info_struct *si)
{
struct block_device *bdev;
if (si->bdev)
bdev = si->bdev;
else
bdev = si->swap_file->f_inode->i_sb->s_bdev;
return bdev ? bdev->bd_disk->node_id : NUMA_NO_NODE;
}
static void setup_swap_info(struct swap_info_struct *si, int prio,
unsigned char *swap_map,
struct swap_cluster_info *cluster_info,
unsigned long *zeromap)
{
int i;
if (prio >= 0 )
si->prio = prio;
else
si->prio = --least_priority;
/*
* the plist prio is negated because plist ordering is
* low - to - high , while swap ordering is high - to - low
*/
si->list.prio = -si->prio;
for_each_node(i) {
if (si->prio >= 0 )
si->avail_lists[i].prio = -si->prio;
else {
if (swap_node(si) == i)
si->avail_lists[i].prio = 1 ;
else
si->avail_lists[i].prio = -si->prio;
}
}
si->swap_map = swap_map;
si->cluster_info = cluster_info;
si->zeromap = zeromap;
}
static void _enable_swap_info(struct swap_info_struct *si)
{
atomic_long_add(si->pages, &nr_swap_pages);
total_swap_pages += si->pages;
assert_spin_locked(&swap_lock);
/*
* both lists are plists , and thus priority ordered .
* swap_active_head needs to be priority ordered for swapoff ( ) ,
* which on removal of any swap_info_struct with an auto - assigned
* ( i . e . negative ) priority increments the auto - assigned priority
* of any lower - priority swap_info_structs .
* swap_avail_head needs to be priority ordered for folio_alloc_swap ( ) ,
* which allocates swap pages from the highest available priority
* swap_info_struct .
*/
plist_add(&si->list, &swap_active_head);
/* Add back to available list */
add_to_avail_list(si, true );
}
static void enable_swap_info(struct swap_info_struct *si, int prio,
unsigned char *swap_map,
struct swap_cluster_info *cluster_info,
unsigned long *zeromap)
{
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
spin_lock(&si->lock);
setup_swap_info(si, prio, swap_map, cluster_info, zeromap);
spin_unlock(&si->lock);
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
/*
* Finished initializing swap device , now it ' s safe to reference it .
*/
percpu_ref_resurrect(&si->users);
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
spin_lock(&si->lock);
_enable_swap_info(si);
spin_unlock(&si->lock);
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
}
static void reinsert_swap_info(struct swap_info_struct *si)
{
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
spin_lock(&si->lock);
setup_swap_info(si, si->prio, si->swap_map, si->cluster_info, si->zeromap);
_enable_swap_info(si);
spin_unlock(&si->lock);
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
}
/*
* Called after clearing SWP_WRITEOK , ensures cluster_alloc_range
* see the updated flags , so there will be no more allocations .
*/
static void wait_for_allocation(struct swap_info_struct *si)
{
unsigned long offset;
unsigned long end = ALIGN(si->max, SWAPFILE_CLUSTER);
struct swap_cluster_info *ci;
BUG_ON(si->flags & SWP_WRITEOK);
for (offset = 0 ; offset < end; offset += SWAPFILE_CLUSTER) {
ci = lock_cluster(si, offset);
unlock_cluster(ci);
}
}
/*
* Called after swap device ' s reference count is dead , so
* neither scan nor allocation will use it .
*/
static void flush_percpu_swap_cluster(struct swap_info_struct *si)
{
int cpu, i;
struct swap_info_struct **pcp_si;
for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
pcp_si = per_cpu_ptr(percpu_swap_cluster.si, cpu);
/*
* Invalidate the percpu swap cluster cache , si - > users
* is dead , so no new user will point to it , just flush
* any existing user .
*/
for (i = 0 ; i < SWAP_NR_ORDERS; i++)
cmpxchg(&pcp_si[i], si, NULL);
}
}
SYSCALL_DEFINE1(swapoff, const char __user *, specialfile)
{
struct swap_info_struct *p = NULL;
unsigned char *swap_map;
unsigned long *zeromap;
struct swap_cluster_info *cluster_info;
struct file *swap_file, *victim;
struct address_space *mapping;
struct inode *inode;
struct filename *pathname;
int err, found = 0 ;
if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
return -EPERM;
BUG_ON(!current->mm);
pathname = getname(specialfile);
if (IS_ERR(pathname))
return PTR_ERR(pathname);
victim = file_open_name(pathname, O_RDWR|O_LARGEFILE, 0 );
err = PTR_ERR(victim);
if (IS_ERR(victim))
goto out;
mapping = victim->f_mapping;
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
plist_for_each_entry(p, &swap_active_head, list) {
if (p->flags & SWP_WRITEOK) {
if (p->swap_file->f_mapping == mapping) {
found = 1 ;
break ;
}
}
}
if (!found) {
err = -EINVAL;
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
goto out_dput;
}
if (!security_vm_enough_memory_mm(current->mm, p->pages))
vm_unacct_memory(p->pages);
else {
err = -ENOMEM;
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
goto out_dput;
}
spin_lock(&p->lock);
del_from_avail_list(p, true );
if (p->prio < 0 ) {
struct swap_info_struct *si = p;
int nid;
plist_for_each_entry_continue(si, &swap_active_head, list) {
si->prio++;
si->list.prio--;
for_each_node(nid) {
if (si->avail_lists[nid].prio != 1 )
si->avail_lists[nid].prio--;
}
}
least_priority++;
}
plist_del(&p->list, &swap_active_head);
atomic_long_sub(p->pages, &nr_swap_pages);
total_swap_pages -= p->pages;
spin_unlock(&p->lock);
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
wait_for_allocation(p);
set_current_oom_origin();
err = try_to_unuse(p->type);
clear_current_oom_origin();
if (err) {
/* re-insert swap space back into swap_list */
reinsert_swap_info(p);
goto out_dput;
}
/*
* Wait for swap operations protected by get / put_swap_device ( )
* to complete . Because of synchronize_rcu ( ) here , all swap
* operations protected by RCU reader side lock ( including any
* spinlock ) will be waited too . This makes it easy to
* prevent folio_test_swapcache ( ) and the following swap cache
* operations from racing with swapoff .
*/
percpu_ref_kill(&p->users);
synchronize_rcu();
wait_for_completion(&p->comp);
flush_work(&p->discard_work);
flush_work(&p->reclaim_work);
flush_percpu_swap_cluster(p);
destroy_swap_extents(p);
if (p->flags & SWP_CONTINUED)
free_swap_count_continuations(p);
if (!p->bdev || !bdev_nonrot(p->bdev))
atomic_dec(&nr_rotate_swap);
mutex_lock(&swapon_mutex);
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
spin_lock(&p->lock);
drain_mmlist();
swap_file = p->swap_file;
p->swap_file = NULL;
p->max = 0 ;
swap_map = p->swap_map;
p->swap_map = NULL;
zeromap = p->zeromap;
p->zeromap = NULL;
cluster_info = p->cluster_info;
p->cluster_info = NULL;
spin_unlock(&p->lock);
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
arch_swap_invalidate_area(p->type);
zswap_swapoff(p->type);
mutex_unlock(&swapon_mutex);
kfree(p->global_cluster);
p->global_cluster = NULL;
vfree(swap_map);
kvfree(zeromap);
kvfree(cluster_info);
/* Destroy swap account information */
swap_cgroup_swapoff(p->type);
exit_swap_address_space(p->type);
inode = mapping->host;
inode_lock(inode);
inode->i_flags &= ~S_SWAPFILE;
inode_unlock(inode);
filp_close(swap_file, NULL);
/*
* Clear the SWP_USED flag after all resources are freed so that swapon
* can reuse this swap_info in alloc_swap_info ( ) safely . It is ok to
* not hold p - > lock after we cleared its SWP_WRITEOK .
*/
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
p->flags = 0 ;
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
err = 0 ;
atomic_inc(&proc_poll_event);
wake_up_interruptible(&proc_poll_wait);
out_dput:
filp_close(victim, NULL);
out:
putname(pathname);
return err;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
static __poll_t swaps_poll(struct file *file, poll_table *wait)
{
struct seq_file *seq = file->private_data;
poll_wait(file, &proc_poll_wait, wait);
if (seq->poll_event != atomic_read(&proc_poll_event)) {
seq->poll_event = atomic_read(&proc_poll_event);
return EPOLLIN | EPOLLRDNORM | EPOLLERR | EPOLLPRI;
}
return EPOLLIN | EPOLLRDNORM;
}
/* iterator */
static void *swap_start(struct seq_file *swap, loff_t *pos)
{
struct swap_info_struct *si;
int type;
loff_t l = *pos;
mutex_lock(&swapon_mutex);
if (!l)
return SEQ_START_TOKEN;
for (type = 0 ; (si = swap_type_to_swap_info(type)); type++) {
if (!(si->flags & SWP_USED) || !si->swap_map)
continue ;
if (!--l)
return si;
}
return NULL;
}
static void *swap_next(struct seq_file *swap, void *v, loff_t *pos)
{
struct swap_info_struct *si = v;
int type;
if (v == SEQ_START_TOKEN)
type = 0 ;
else
type = si->type + 1 ;
++(*pos);
for (; (si = swap_type_to_swap_info(type)); type++) {
if (!(si->flags & SWP_USED) || !si->swap_map)
continue ;
return si;
}
return NULL;
}
static void swap_stop(struct seq_file *swap, void *v)
{
mutex_unlock(&swapon_mutex);
}
static int swap_show(struct seq_file *swap, void *v)
{
struct swap_info_struct *si = v;
struct file *file;
int len;
unsigned long bytes, inuse;
if (si == SEQ_START_TOKEN) {
seq_puts(swap, "Filename\t\t\t\tType\t\tSize\t\tUsed\t\tPriority\n" );
return 0 ;
}
bytes = K(si->pages);
inuse = K(swap_usage_in_pages(si));
file = si->swap_file;
len = seq_file_path(swap, file, " \t\n\\" );
seq_printf(swap, "%*s%s\t%lu\t%s%lu\t%s%d\n" ,
len < 40 ? 40 - len : 1 , " " ,
S_ISBLK(file_inode(file)->i_mode) ?
"partition" : "file\t" ,
bytes, bytes < 10000000 ? "\t" : "" ,
inuse, inuse < 10000000 ? "\t" : "" ,
si->prio);
return 0 ;
}
static const struct seq_operations swaps_op = {
.start = swap_start,
.next = swap_next,
.stop = swap_stop,
.show = swap_show
};
static int swaps_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
struct seq_file *seq;
int ret;
ret = seq_open(file, &swaps_op);
if (ret)
return ret;
seq = file->private_data;
seq->poll_event = atomic_read(&proc_poll_event);
return 0 ;
}
static const struct proc_ops swaps_proc_ops = {
.proc_flags = PROC_ENTRY_PERMANENT,
.proc_open = swaps_open,
.proc_read = seq_read,
.proc_lseek = seq_lseek,
.proc_release = seq_release,
.proc_poll = swaps_poll,
};
static int __init procswaps_init(void )
{
proc_create("swaps" , 0 , NULL, &swaps_proc_ops);
return 0 ;
}
__initcall(procswaps_init);
#endif /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */
#ifdef MAX_SWAPFILES_CHECK
static int __init max_swapfiles_check(void )
{
MAX_SWAPFILES_CHECK();
return 0 ;
}
late_initcall(max_swapfiles_check);
#endif
static struct swap_info_struct *alloc_swap_info(void )
{
struct swap_info_struct *p;
struct swap_info_struct *defer = NULL;
unsigned int type;
int i;
p = kvzalloc(struct_size(p, avail_lists, nr_node_ids), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!p)
return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
if (percpu_ref_init(&p->users, swap_users_ref_free,
PERCPU_REF_INIT_DEAD, GFP_KERNEL)) {
kvfree(p);
return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
}
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
for (type = 0 ; type < nr_swapfiles; type++) {
if (!(swap_info[type]->flags & SWP_USED))
break ;
}
if (type >= MAX_SWAPFILES) {
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
percpu_ref_exit(&p->users);
kvfree(p);
return ERR_PTR(-EPERM);
}
if (type >= nr_swapfiles) {
p->type = type;
/*
* Publish the swap_info_struct after initializing it .
* Note that kvzalloc ( ) above zeroes all its fields .
*/
smp_store_release(&swap_info[type], p); /* rcu_assign_pointer() */
nr_swapfiles++;
} else {
defer = p;
p = swap_info[type];
/*
* Do not memset this entry : a racing procfs swap_next ( )
* would be relying on p - > type to remain valid .
*/
}
p->swap_extent_root = RB_ROOT;
plist_node_init(&p->list, 0 );
for_each_node(i)
plist_node_init(&p->avail_lists[i], 0 );
p->flags = SWP_USED;
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
if (defer) {
percpu_ref_exit(&defer->users);
kvfree(defer);
}
spin_lock_init(&p->lock);
spin_lock_init(&p->cont_lock);
atomic_long_set(&p->inuse_pages, SWAP_USAGE_OFFLIST_BIT);
init_completion(&p->comp);
return p;
}
static int claim_swapfile(struct swap_info_struct *si, struct inode *inode)
{
if (S_ISBLK(inode->i_mode)) {
si->bdev = I_BDEV(inode);
/*
* Zoned block devices contain zones that have a sequential
* write only restriction . Hence zoned block devices are not
* suitable for swapping . Disallow them here .
*/
if (bdev_is_zoned(si->bdev))
return -EINVAL;
si->flags |= SWP_BLKDEV;
} else if (S_ISREG(inode->i_mode)) {
si->bdev = inode->i_sb->s_bdev;
}
return 0 ;
}
/*
* Find out how many pages are allowed for a single swap device . There
* are two limiting factors :
* 1 ) the number of bits for the swap offset in the swp_entry_t type , and
* 2 ) the number of bits in the swap pte , as defined by the different
* architectures .
*
* In order to find the largest possible bit mask , a swap entry with
* swap type 0 and swap offset ~ 0 UL is created , encoded to a swap pte ,
* decoded to a swp_entry_t again , and finally the swap offset is
* extracted .
*
* This will mask all the bits from the initial ~ 0 UL mask that can ' t
* be encoded in either the swp_entry_t or the architecture definition
* of a swap pte .
*/
unsigned long generic_max_swapfile_size(void )
{
return swp_offset(pte_to_swp_entry(
swp_entry_to_pte(swp_entry(0 , ~0 UL)))) + 1 ;
}
/* Can be overridden by an architecture for additional checks. */
__weak unsigned long arch_max_swapfile_size(void )
{
return generic_max_swapfile_size();
}
static unsigned long read_swap_header(struct swap_info_struct *si,
union swap_header *swap_header,
struct inode *inode)
{
int i;
unsigned long maxpages;
unsigned long swapfilepages;
unsigned long last_page;
if (memcmp("SWAPSPACE2" , swap_header->magic.magic, 10 )) {
pr_err("Unable to find swap-space signature\n" );
return 0 ;
}
/* swap partition endianness hack... */
if (swab32(swap_header->info.version) == 1 ) {
swab32s(&swap_header->info.version);
swab32s(&swap_header->info.last_page);
swab32s(&swap_header->info.nr_badpages);
if (swap_header->info.nr_badpages > MAX_SWAP_BADPAGES)
return 0 ;
for (i = 0 ; i < swap_header->info.nr_badpages; i++)
swab32s(&swap_header->info.badpages[i]);
}
/* Check the swap header's sub-version */
if (swap_header->info.version != 1 ) {
pr_warn("Unable to handle swap header version %d\n" ,
swap_header->info.version);
return 0 ;
}
maxpages = swapfile_maximum_size;
last_page = swap_header->info.last_page;
if (!last_page) {
pr_warn("Empty swap-file\n" );
return 0 ;
}
if (last_page > maxpages) {
pr_warn("Truncating oversized swap area, only using %luk out of %luk\n" ,
K(maxpages), K(last_page));
}
if (maxpages > last_page) {
maxpages = last_page + 1 ;
/* p->max is an unsigned int: don't overflow it */
if ((unsigned int )maxpages == 0 )
maxpages = UINT_MAX;
}
if (!maxpages)
return 0 ;
swapfilepages = i_size_read(inode) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
if (swapfilepages && maxpages > swapfilepages) {
pr_warn("Swap area shorter than signature indicates\n" );
return 0 ;
}
if (swap_header->info.nr_badpages && S_ISREG(inode->i_mode))
return 0 ;
if (swap_header->info.nr_badpages > MAX_SWAP_BADPAGES)
return 0 ;
return maxpages;
}
static int setup_swap_map(struct swap_info_struct *si,
union swap_header *swap_header,
unsigned char *swap_map,
unsigned long maxpages)
{
unsigned long i;
swap_map[0 ] = SWAP_MAP_BAD; /* omit header page */
for (i = 0 ; i < swap_header->info.nr_badpages; i++) {
unsigned int page_nr = swap_header->info.badpages[i];
if (page_nr == 0 || page_nr > swap_header->info.last_page)
return -EINVAL;
if (page_nr < maxpages) {
swap_map[page_nr] = SWAP_MAP_BAD;
si->pages--;
}
}
if (!si->pages) {
pr_warn("Empty swap-file\n" );
return -EINVAL;
}
return 0 ;
}
#define SWAP_CLUSTER_INFO_COLS \
DIV_ROUND_UP(L1_CACHE_BYTES, sizeof (struct swap_cluster_info))
#define SWAP_CLUSTER_SPACE_COLS \
DIV_ROUND_UP(SWAP_ADDRESS_SPACE_PAGES, SWAPFILE_CLUSTER)
#define SWAP_CLUSTER_COLS \
max_t(unsigned int , SWAP_CLUSTER_INFO_COLS, SWAP_CLUSTER_SPACE_COLS)
static struct swap_cluster_info *setup_clusters(struct swap_info_struct *si,
union swap_header *swap_header,
unsigned long maxpages)
{
unsigned long nr_clusters = DIV_ROUND_UP(maxpages, SWAPFILE_CLUSTER);
struct swap_cluster_info *cluster_info;
unsigned long i, j, idx;
int err = -ENOMEM;
cluster_info = kvcalloc(nr_clusters, sizeof (*cluster_info), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!cluster_info)
goto err;
for (i = 0 ; i < nr_clusters; i++)
spin_lock_init(&cluster_info[i].lock);
if (!(si->flags & SWP_SOLIDSTATE)) {
si->global_cluster = kmalloc(sizeof (*si->global_cluster),
GFP_KERNEL);
if (!si->global_cluster)
goto err_free;
for (i = 0 ; i < SWAP_NR_ORDERS; i++)
si->global_cluster->next[i] = SWAP_ENTRY_INVALID;
spin_lock_init(&si->global_cluster_lock);
}
/*
* Mark unusable pages as unavailable . The clusters aren ' t
* marked free yet , so no list operations are involved yet .
*
* See setup_swap_map ( ) : header page , bad pages ,
* and the EOF part of the last cluster .
*/
inc_cluster_info_page(si, cluster_info, 0 );
for (i = 0 ; i < swap_header->info.nr_badpages; i++) {
unsigned int page_nr = swap_header->info.badpages[i];
if (page_nr >= maxpages)
continue ;
inc_cluster_info_page(si, cluster_info, page_nr);
}
for (i = maxpages; i < round_up(maxpages, SWAPFILE_CLUSTER); i++)
inc_cluster_info_page(si, cluster_info, i);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&si->free_clusters);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&si->full_clusters);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&si->discard_clusters);
for (i = 0 ; i < SWAP_NR_ORDERS; i++) {
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&si->nonfull_clusters[i]);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&si->frag_clusters[i]);
atomic_long_set(&si->frag_cluster_nr[i], 0 );
}
/*
* Reduce false cache line sharing between cluster_info and
* sharing same address space .
*/
for (j = 0 ; j < SWAP_CLUSTER_COLS; j++) {
for (i = 0 ; i < DIV_ROUND_UP(nr_clusters, SWAP_CLUSTER_COLS); i++) {
struct swap_cluster_info *ci;
idx = i * SWAP_CLUSTER_COLS + j;
ci = cluster_info + idx;
if (idx >= nr_clusters)
continue ;
if (ci->count) {
ci->flags = CLUSTER_FLAG_NONFULL;
list_add_tail(&ci->list, &si->nonfull_clusters[0 ]);
continue ;
}
ci->flags = CLUSTER_FLAG_FREE;
list_add_tail(&ci->list, &si->free_clusters);
}
}
return cluster_info;
err_free:
kvfree(cluster_info);
err:
return ERR_PTR(err);
}
SYSCALL_DEFINE2(swapon, const char __user *, specialfile, int , swap_flags)
{
struct swap_info_struct *si;
struct filename *name;
struct file *swap_file = NULL;
struct address_space *mapping;
struct dentry *dentry;
int prio;
int error;
union swap_header *swap_header;
int nr_extents;
sector_t span;
unsigned long maxpages;
unsigned char *swap_map = NULL;
unsigned long *zeromap = NULL;
struct swap_cluster_info *cluster_info = NULL;
struct folio *folio = NULL;
struct inode *inode = NULL;
bool inced_nr_rotate_swap = false ;
if (swap_flags & ~SWAP_FLAGS_VALID)
return -EINVAL;
if (!capable(CAP_SYS_ADMIN))
return -EPERM;
if (!swap_avail_heads)
return -ENOMEM;
si = alloc_swap_info();
if (IS_ERR(si))
return PTR_ERR(si);
INIT_WORK(&si->discard_work, swap_discard_work);
INIT_WORK(&si->reclaim_work, swap_reclaim_work);
name = getname(specialfile);
if (IS_ERR(name)) {
error = PTR_ERR(name);
name = NULL;
goto bad_swap;
}
swap_file = file_open_name(name, O_RDWR | O_LARGEFILE | O_EXCL, 0 );
if (IS_ERR(swap_file)) {
error = PTR_ERR(swap_file);
swap_file = NULL;
goto bad_swap;
}
si->swap_file = swap_file;
mapping = swap_file->f_mapping;
dentry = swap_file->f_path.dentry;
inode = mapping->host;
error = claim_swapfile(si, inode);
if (unlikely(error))
goto bad_swap;
inode_lock(inode);
if (d_unlinked(dentry) || cant_mount(dentry)) {
error = -ENOENT;
goto bad_swap_unlock_inode;
}
if (IS_SWAPFILE(inode)) {
error = -EBUSY;
goto bad_swap_unlock_inode;
}
/*
* The swap subsystem needs a major overhaul to support this .
* It doesn ' t work yet so just disable it for now .
*/
if (mapping_min_folio_order(mapping) > 0 ) {
error = -EINVAL;
goto bad_swap_unlock_inode;
}
/*
* Read the swap header .
*/
if (!mapping->a_ops->read_folio) {
error = -EINVAL;
goto bad_swap_unlock_inode;
}
folio = read_mapping_folio(mapping, 0 , swap_file);
if (IS_ERR(folio)) {
error = PTR_ERR(folio);
goto bad_swap_unlock_inode;
}
swap_header = kmap_local_folio(folio, 0 );
maxpages = read_swap_header(si, swap_header, inode);
if (unlikely(!maxpages)) {
error = -EINVAL;
goto bad_swap_unlock_inode;
}
si->max = maxpages;
si->pages = maxpages - 1 ;
nr_extents = setup_swap_extents(si, &span);
if (nr_extents < 0 ) {
error = nr_extents;
goto bad_swap_unlock_inode;
}
if (si->pages != si->max - 1 ) {
pr_err("swap:%u != (max:%u - 1)\n" , si->pages, si->max);
error = -EINVAL;
goto bad_swap_unlock_inode;
}
maxpages = si->max;
/* OK, set up the swap map and apply the bad block list */
swap_map = vzalloc(maxpages);
if (!swap_map) {
error = -ENOMEM;
goto bad_swap_unlock_inode;
}
error = swap_cgroup_swapon(si->type, maxpages);
if (error)
goto bad_swap_unlock_inode;
error = setup_swap_map(si, swap_header, swap_map, maxpages);
if (error)
goto bad_swap_unlock_inode;
/*
* Use kvmalloc_array instead of bitmap_zalloc as the allocation order might
* be above MAX_PAGE_ORDER incase of a large swap file .
*/
zeromap = kvmalloc_array(BITS_TO_LONGS(maxpages), sizeof (long ),
GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_ZERO);
if (!zeromap) {
error = -ENOMEM;
goto bad_swap_unlock_inode;
}
if (si->bdev && bdev_stable_writes(si->bdev))
si->flags |= SWP_STABLE_WRITES;
if (si->bdev && bdev_synchronous(si->bdev))
si->flags |= SWP_SYNCHRONOUS_IO;
if (si->bdev && bdev_nonrot(si->bdev)) {
si->flags |= SWP_SOLIDSTATE;
} else {
atomic_inc(&nr_rotate_swap);
inced_nr_rotate_swap = true ;
}
cluster_info = setup_clusters(si, swap_header, maxpages);
if (IS_ERR(cluster_info)) {
error = PTR_ERR(cluster_info);
cluster_info = NULL;
goto bad_swap_unlock_inode;
}
if ((swap_flags & SWAP_FLAG_DISCARD) &&
si->bdev && bdev_max_discard_sectors(si->bdev)) {
/*
* When discard is enabled for swap with no particular
* policy flagged , we set all swap discard flags here in
* order to sustain backward compatibility with older
* swapon ( 8 ) releases .
*/
si->flags |= (SWP_DISCARDABLE | SWP_AREA_DISCARD |
SWP_PAGE_DISCARD);
/*
* By flagging sys_swapon , a sysadmin can tell us to
* either do single - time area discards only , or to just
* perform discards for released swap page - clusters .
* Now it ' s time to adjust the p - > flags accordingly .
*/
if (swap_flags & SWAP_FLAG_DISCARD_ONCE)
si->flags &= ~SWP_PAGE_DISCARD;
else if (swap_flags & SWAP_FLAG_DISCARD_PAGES)
si->flags &= ~SWP_AREA_DISCARD;
/* issue a swapon-time discard if it's still required */
if (si->flags & SWP_AREA_DISCARD) {
int err = discard_swap(si);
if (unlikely(err))
pr_err("swapon: discard_swap(%p): %d\n" ,
si, err);
}
}
error = init_swap_address_space(si->type, maxpages);
if (error)
goto bad_swap_unlock_inode;
error = zswap_swapon(si->type, maxpages);
if (error)
goto free_swap_address_space;
/*
* Flush any pending IO and dirty mappings before we start using this
* swap device .
*/
inode->i_flags |= S_SWAPFILE;
error = inode_drain_writes(inode);
if (error) {
inode->i_flags &= ~S_SWAPFILE;
goto free_swap_zswap;
}
mutex_lock(&swapon_mutex);
prio = -1 ;
if (swap_flags & SWAP_FLAG_PREFER)
prio = swap_flags & SWAP_FLAG_PRIO_MASK;
enable_swap_info(si, prio, swap_map, cluster_info, zeromap);
pr_info("Adding %uk swap on %s. Priority:%d extents:%d across:%lluk %s%s%s%s\n" ,
K(si->pages), name->name, si->prio, nr_extents,
K((unsigned long long )span),
(si->flags & SWP_SOLIDSTATE) ? "SS" : "" ,
(si->flags & SWP_DISCARDABLE) ? "D" : "" ,
(si->flags & SWP_AREA_DISCARD) ? "s" : "" ,
(si->flags & SWP_PAGE_DISCARD) ? "c" : "" );
mutex_unlock(&swapon_mutex);
atomic_inc(&proc_poll_event);
wake_up_interruptible(&proc_poll_wait);
error = 0 ;
goto out;
free_swap_zswap:
zswap_swapoff(si->type);
free_swap_address_space:
exit_swap_address_space(si->type);
bad_swap_unlock_inode:
inode_unlock(inode);
bad_swap:
kfree(si->global_cluster);
si->global_cluster = NULL;
inode = NULL;
destroy_swap_extents(si);
swap_cgroup_swapoff(si->type);
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
si->swap_file = NULL;
si->flags = 0 ;
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
vfree(swap_map);
kvfree(zeromap);
kvfree(cluster_info);
if (inced_nr_rotate_swap)
atomic_dec(&nr_rotate_swap);
if (swap_file)
filp_close(swap_file, NULL);
out:
if (!IS_ERR_OR_NULL(folio))
folio_release_kmap(folio, swap_header);
if (name)
putname(name);
if (inode)
inode_unlock(inode);
return error;
}
void si_swapinfo(struct sysinfo *val)
{
unsigned int type;
unsigned long nr_to_be_unused = 0 ;
spin_lock(&swap_lock);
for (type = 0 ; type < nr_swapfiles; type++) {
struct swap_info_struct *si = swap_info[type];
if ((si->flags & SWP_USED) && !(si->flags & SWP_WRITEOK))
nr_to_be_unused += swap_usage_in_pages(si);
}
val->freeswap = atomic_long_read(&nr_swap_pages) + nr_to_be_unused;
val->totalswap = total_swap_pages + nr_to_be_unused;
spin_unlock(&swap_lock);
}
/*
* Verify that nr swap entries are valid and increment their swap map counts .
*
* Returns error code in following case .
* - success - > 0
* - swp_entry is invalid - > EINVAL
* - swap - cache reference is requested but there is already one . - > EEXIST
* - swap - cache reference is requested but the entry is not used . - > ENOENT
* - swap - mapped reference requested but needs continued swap count . - > ENOMEM
*/
static int __swap_duplicate(swp_entry_t entry, unsigned char usage, int nr)
{
struct swap_info_struct *si;
struct swap_cluster_info *ci;
unsigned long offset;
unsigned char count;
unsigned char has_cache;
int err, i;
si = swp_swap_info(entry);
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!si)) {
pr_err("%s%08lx\n" , Bad_file, entry.val);
return -EINVAL;
}
offset = swp_offset(entry);
VM_WARN_ON(nr > SWAPFILE_CLUSTER - offset % SWAPFILE_CLUSTER);
VM_WARN_ON(usage == 1 && nr > 1 );
ci = lock_cluster(si, offset);
err = 0 ;
for (i = 0 ; i < nr; i++) {
count = si->swap_map[offset + i];
/*
* swapin_readahead ( ) doesn ' t check if a swap entry is valid , so the
* swap entry could be SWAP_MAP_BAD . Check here with lock held .
*/
if (unlikely(swap_count(count) == SWAP_MAP_BAD)) {
err = -ENOENT;
goto unlock_out;
}
has_cache = count & SWAP_HAS_CACHE;
count &= ~SWAP_HAS_CACHE;
if (!count && !has_cache) {
err = -ENOENT;
} else if (usage == SWAP_HAS_CACHE) {
if (has_cache)
err = -EEXIST;
} else if ((count & ~COUNT_CONTINUED) > SWAP_MAP_MAX) {
err = -EINVAL;
}
if (err)
goto unlock_out;
}
for (i = 0 ; i < nr; i++) {
count = si->swap_map[offset + i];
has_cache = count & SWAP_HAS_CACHE;
count &= ~SWAP_HAS_CACHE;
if (usage == SWAP_HAS_CACHE)
has_cache = SWAP_HAS_CACHE;
else if ((count & ~COUNT_CONTINUED) < SWAP_MAP_MAX)
count += usage;
else if (swap_count_continued(si, offset + i, count))
count = COUNT_CONTINUED;
else {
/*
* Don ' t need to rollback changes , because if
* usage = = 1 , there must be nr = = 1 .
*/
err = -ENOMEM;
goto unlock_out;
}
WRITE_ONCE(si->swap_map[offset + i], count | has_cache);
}
unlock_out:
unlock_cluster(ci);
return err;
}
/*
* Help swapoff by noting that swap entry belongs to shmem / tmpfs
* ( in which case its reference count is never incremented ) .
*/
void swap_shmem_alloc(swp_entry_t entry, int nr)
{
__swap_duplicate(entry, SWAP_MAP_SHMEM, nr);
}
/*
* Increase reference count of swap entry by 1 .
* Returns 0 for success , or - ENOMEM if a swap_count_continuation is required
* but could not be atomically allocated . Returns 0 , just as if it succeeded ,
* if _ _ swap_duplicate ( ) fails for another reason ( - EINVAL or - ENOENT ) , which
* might occur if a page table entry has got corrupted .
*/
int swap_duplicate(swp_entry_t entry)
{
int err = 0 ;
while (!err && __swap_duplicate(entry, 1 , 1 ) == -ENOMEM)
err = add_swap_count_continuation(entry, GFP_ATOMIC);
return err;
}
/*
* @ entry : first swap entry from which we allocate nr swap cache .
*
* Called when allocating swap cache for existing swap entries ,
* This can return error codes . Returns 0 at success .
* - EEXIST means there is a swap cache .
* Note : return code is different from swap_duplicate ( ) .
*/
int swapcache_prepare(swp_entry_t entry, int nr)
{
return __swap_duplicate(entry, SWAP_HAS_CACHE, nr);
}
/*
* Caller should ensure entries belong to the same folio so
* the entries won ' t span cross cluster boundary .
*/
void swapcache_clear(struct swap_info_struct *si, swp_entry_t entry, int nr)
{
swap_entries_put_cache(si, entry, nr);
}
struct swap_info_struct *swp_swap_info(swp_entry_t entry)
{
return swap_type_to_swap_info(swp_type(entry));
}
/*
* add_swap_count_continuation - called when a swap count is duplicated
* beyond SWAP_MAP_MAX , it allocates a new page and links that to the entry ' s
* page of the original vmalloc ' ed swap_map , to hold the continuation count
* ( for that entry and for its neighbouring PAGE_SIZE swap entries ) . Called
* again when count is duplicated beyond SWAP_MAP_MAX * SWAP_CONT_MAX , etc .
*
* These continuation pages are seldom referenced : the common paths all work
* on the original swap_map , only referring to a continuation page when the
* low " digit " of a count is incremented or decremented through SWAP_MAP_MAX .
*
* add_swap_count_continuation ( , GFP_ATOMIC ) can be called while holding
* page table locks ; if it fails , add_swap_count_continuation ( , GFP_KERNEL )
* can be called after dropping locks .
*/
int add_swap_count_continuation(swp_entry_t entry, gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
struct swap_info_struct *si;
struct swap_cluster_info *ci;
struct page *head;
struct page *page;
struct page *list_page;
pgoff_t offset;
unsigned char count;
int ret = 0 ;
/*
* When debugging , it ' s easier to use _ _ GFP_ZERO here ; but it ' s better
* for latency not to zero a page while GFP_ATOMIC and holding locks .
*/
page = alloc_page(gfp_mask | __GFP_HIGHMEM);
si = get_swap_device(entry);
if (!si) {
/*
* An acceptable race has occurred since the failing
* _ _ swap_duplicate ( ) : the swap device may be swapoff
*/
goto outer;
}
offset = swp_offset(entry);
ci = lock_cluster(si, offset);
count = swap_count(si->swap_map[offset]);
if ((count & ~COUNT_CONTINUED) != SWAP_MAP_MAX) {
/*
* The higher the swap count , the more likely it is that tasks
* will race to add swap count continuation : we need to avoid
* over - provisioning .
*/
goto out;
}
if (!page) {
ret = -ENOMEM;
goto out;
}
head = vmalloc_to_page(si->swap_map + offset);
offset &= ~PAGE_MASK;
spin_lock(&si->cont_lock);
/*
* Page allocation does not initialize the page ' s lru field ,
* but it does always reset its private field .
*/
if (!page_private(head)) {
BUG_ON(count & COUNT_CONTINUED);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&head->lru);
set_page_private(head, SWP_CONTINUED);
si->flags |= SWP_CONTINUED;
}
list_for_each_entry(list_page, &head->lru, lru) {
unsigned char *map;
/*
* If the previous map said no continuation , but we ' ve found
* a continuation page , free our allocation and use this one .
*/
if (!(count & COUNT_CONTINUED))
goto out_unlock_cont;
map = kmap_local_page(list_page) + offset;
count = *map;
kunmap_local(map);
/*
* If this continuation count now has some space in it ,
* free our allocation and use this one .
*/
if ((count & ~COUNT_CONTINUED) != SWAP_CONT_MAX)
goto out_unlock_cont;
}
list_add_tail(&page->lru, &head->lru);
page = NULL; /* now it's attached, don't free it */
out_unlock_cont:
spin_unlock(&si->cont_lock);
out:
unlock_cluster(ci);
put_swap_device(si);
outer:
if (page)
__free_page(page);
return ret;
}
/*
* swap_count_continued - when the original swap_map count is incremented
* from SWAP_MAP_MAX , check if there is already a continuation page to carry
* into , carry if so , or else fail until a new continuation page is allocated ;
* when the original swap_map count is decremented from 0 with continuation ,
* borrow from the continuation and report whether it still holds more .
* Called while _ _ swap_duplicate ( ) or caller of swap_entry_put_locked ( )
* holds cluster lock .
*/
static bool swap_count_continued(struct swap_info_struct *si,
pgoff_t offset, unsigned char count)
{
struct page *head;
struct page *page;
unsigned char *map;
bool ret;
head = vmalloc_to_page(si->swap_map + offset);
if (page_private(head) != SWP_CONTINUED) {
BUG_ON(count & COUNT_CONTINUED);
return false ; /* need to add count continuation */
}
spin_lock(&si->cont_lock);
offset &= ~PAGE_MASK;
page = list_next_entry(head, lru);
map = kmap_local_page(page) + offset;
if (count == SWAP_MAP_MAX) /* initial increment from swap_map */
goto init_map; /* jump over SWAP_CONT_MAX checks */
if (count == (SWAP_MAP_MAX | COUNT_CONTINUED)) { /* incrementing */
/*
* Think of how you add 1 to 999
*/
while (*map == (SWAP_CONT_MAX | COUNT_CONTINUED)) {
kunmap_local(map);
page = list_next_entry(page, lru);
BUG_ON(page == head);
map = kmap_local_page(page) + offset;
}
if (*map == SWAP_CONT_MAX) {
kunmap_local(map);
page = list_next_entry(page, lru);
if (page == head) {
ret = false ; /* add count continuation */
goto out;
}
map = kmap_local_page(page) + offset;
init_map: *map = 0 ; /* we didn't zero the page */
}
*map += 1 ;
kunmap_local(map);
while ((page = list_prev_entry(page, lru)) != head) {
map = kmap_local_page(page) + offset;
*map = COUNT_CONTINUED;
kunmap_local(map);
}
ret = true ; /* incremented */
} else { /* decrementing */
/*
* Think of how you subtract 1 from 1000
*/
BUG_ON(count != COUNT_CONTINUED);
while (*map == COUNT_CONTINUED) {
kunmap_local(map);
page = list_next_entry(page, lru);
BUG_ON(page == head);
map = kmap_local_page(page) + offset;
}
BUG_ON(*map == 0 );
*map -= 1 ;
if (*map == 0 )
count = 0 ;
kunmap_local(map);
while ((page = list_prev_entry(page, lru)) != head) {
map = kmap_local_page(page) + offset;
*map = SWAP_CONT_MAX | count;
count = COUNT_CONTINUED;
kunmap_local(map);
}
ret = count == COUNT_CONTINUED;
}
out:
spin_unlock(&si->cont_lock);
return ret;
}
/*
* free_swap_count_continuations - swapoff free all the continuation pages
* appended to the swap_map , after swap_map is quiesced , before vfree ' ing it .
*/
static void free_swap_count_continuations(struct swap_info_struct *si)
{
pgoff_t offset;
for (offset = 0 ; offset < si->max; offset += PAGE_SIZE) {
struct page *head;
head = vmalloc_to_page(si->swap_map + offset);
if (page_private(head)) {
struct page *page, *next;
list_for_each_entry_safe(page, next, &head->lru, lru) {
list_del(&page->lru);
__free_page(page);
}
}
}
}
#if defined (CONFIG_MEMCG) && defined (CONFIG_BLK_CGROUP)
static bool __has_usable_swap(void )
{
return !plist_head_empty(&swap_active_head);
}
void __folio_throttle_swaprate(struct folio *folio, gfp_t gfp)
{
struct swap_info_struct *si, *next;
int nid = folio_nid(folio);
if (!(gfp & __GFP_IO))
return ;
if (!__has_usable_swap())
return ;
if (!blk_cgroup_congested())
return ;
/*
* We ' ve already scheduled a throttle , avoid taking the global swap
* lock .
*/
if (current->throttle_disk)
return ;
spin_lock(&swap_avail_lock);
plist_for_each_entry_safe(si, next, &swap_avail_heads[nid],
avail_lists[nid]) {
if (si->bdev) {
blkcg_schedule_throttle(si->bdev->bd_disk, true );
break ;
}
}
spin_unlock(&swap_avail_lock);
}
#endif
static int __init swapfile_init(void )
{
int nid;
swap_avail_heads = kmalloc_array(nr_node_ids, sizeof (struct plist_head),
GFP_KERNEL);
if (!swap_avail_heads) {
pr_emerg("Not enough memory for swap heads, swap is disabled\n" );
return -ENOMEM;
}
for_each_node(nid)
plist_head_init(&swap_avail_heads[nid]);
swapfile_maximum_size = arch_max_swapfile_size();
#ifdef CONFIG_MIGRATION
if (swapfile_maximum_size >= (1 UL << SWP_MIG_TOTAL_BITS))
swap_migration_ad_supported = true ;
#endif /* CONFIG_MIGRATION */
return 0 ;
}
subsys_initcall(swapfile_init);
Messung V0.5 in Prozent C=96 H=82 G=89
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(vorverarbeitet am 2026-09-28)
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