// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
* Test cases for KMSAN .
* For each test case checks the presence ( or absence ) of generated reports .
* Relies on ' console ' tracepoint to capture reports as they appear in the
* kernel log .
*
* Copyright ( C ) 2021 - 2022 , Google LLC .
* Author : Alexander Potapenko < glider @ google . com >
*
*/
#include <kunit/test.h>
#include "kmsan.h"
#include <linux/jiffies.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/kmsan.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/random.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/tracepoint.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <trace/events/printk.h>
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(int , per_cpu_var);
/* Report as observed from console. */
static struct {
spinlock_t lock;
bool available;
bool ignore; /* Stop console output collection. */
char header[256 ];
} observed = {
.lock = __SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED(observed.lock),
};
/* Probe for console output: obtains observed lines of interest. */
static void probe_console(void *ignore, const char *buf, size_t len)
{
unsigned long flags;
if (observed.ignore)
return ;
spin_lock_irqsave(&observed.lock, flags);
if (strnstr(buf, "BUG: KMSAN: " , len)) {
/*
* KMSAN report and related to the test .
*
* The provided @ buf is not NUL - terminated ; copy no more than
* @ len bytes and let strscpy ( ) add the missing NUL - terminator .
*/
strscpy(observed.header, buf,
min(len + 1 , sizeof (observed.header)));
WRITE_ONCE(observed.available, true );
observed.ignore = true ;
}
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&observed.lock, flags);
}
/* Check if a report related to the test exists. */
static bool report_available(void )
{
return READ_ONCE(observed.available);
}
/* Reset observed.available, so that the test can trigger another report. */
static void report_reset(void )
{
unsigned long flags;
spin_lock_irqsave(&observed.lock, flags);
WRITE_ONCE(observed.available, false );
observed.ignore = false ;
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&observed.lock, flags);
}
/* Information we expect in a report. */
struct expect_report {
const char *error_type; /* Error type. */
/*
* Kernel symbol from the error header , or NULL if no report is
* expected .
*/
const char *symbol;
};
/* Check observed report matches information in @r. */
static bool report_matches(const struct expect_report *r)
{
typeof(observed.header) expected_header;
unsigned long flags;
bool ret = false ;
const char *end;
char *cur;
/* Doubled-checked locking. */
if (!report_available() || !r->symbol)
return (!report_available() && !r->symbol);
/* Generate expected report contents. */
/* Title */
cur = expected_header;
end = &expected_header[sizeof (expected_header) - 1 ];
cur += scnprintf(cur, end - cur, "BUG: KMSAN: %s" , r->error_type);
scnprintf(cur, end - cur, " in %s" , r->symbol);
/* The exact offset won't match, remove it; also strip module name. */
cur = strchr(expected_header, '+' );
if (cur)
*cur = '\0' ;
spin_lock_irqsave(&observed.lock, flags);
if (!report_available())
goto out; /* A new report is being captured. */
/* Finally match expected output to what we actually observed. */
ret = strstr(observed.header, expected_header);
out:
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&observed.lock, flags);
return ret;
}
/* ===== Test cases ===== */
/* Prevent replacing branch with select in LLVM. */
static noinline void check_true(char *arg)
{
pr_info("%s is true\n" , arg);
}
static noinline void check_false(char *arg)
{
pr_info("%s is false\n" , arg);
}
#define USE(x) \
do { \
if (x) \
check_true(#x ); \
else \
check_false(#x ); \
} while (0 )
#define EXPECTATION_ETYPE_FN(e, reason, fn) \
struct expect_report e = { \
.error_type = reason, \
.symbol = fn, \
}
#define EXPECTATION_NO_REPORT(e) EXPECTATION_ETYPE_FN(e, NULL, NULL)
#define EXPECTATION_UNINIT_VALUE_FN(e, fn) \
EXPECTATION_ETYPE_FN(e, "uninit-value" , fn)
#define EXPECTATION_UNINIT_VALUE(e) EXPECTATION_UNINIT_VALUE_FN(e, __func__)
#define EXPECTATION_USE_AFTER_FREE(e) \
EXPECTATION_ETYPE_FN(e, "use-after-free" , __func__)
/* Test case: ensure that kmalloc() returns uninitialized memory. */
static void test_uninit_kmalloc(struct kunit *test)
{
EXPECTATION_UNINIT_VALUE(expect);
int *ptr;
kunit_info(test, "uninitialized kmalloc test (UMR report)\n" );
ptr = kmalloc(sizeof (*ptr), GFP_KERNEL);
USE(*ptr);
KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, report_matches(&expect));
}
/*
* Test case : ensure that kmalloc ' ed memory becomes initialized after memset ( ) .
*/
static void test_init_kmalloc(struct kunit *test)
{
EXPECTATION_NO_REPORT(expect);
int *ptr;
kunit_info(test, "initialized kmalloc test (no reports)\n" );
ptr = kmalloc(sizeof (*ptr), GFP_KERNEL);
memset(ptr, 0 , sizeof (*ptr));
USE(*ptr);
KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, report_matches(&expect));
}
/* Test case: ensure that kzalloc() returns initialized memory. */
static void test_init_kzalloc(struct kunit *test)
{
EXPECTATION_NO_REPORT(expect);
int *ptr;
kunit_info(test, "initialized kzalloc test (no reports)\n" );
ptr = kzalloc(sizeof (*ptr), GFP_KERNEL);
USE(*ptr);
KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, report_matches(&expect));
}
/* Test case: ensure that local variables are uninitialized by default. */
static void test_uninit_stack_var(struct kunit *test)
{
EXPECTATION_UNINIT_VALUE(expect);
volatile int cond;
kunit_info(test, "uninitialized stack variable (UMR report)\n" );
USE(cond);
KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, report_matches(&expect));
}
/* Test case: ensure that local variables with initializers are initialized. */
static void test_init_stack_var(struct kunit *test)
{
EXPECTATION_NO_REPORT(expect);
volatile int cond = 1 ;
kunit_info(test, "initialized stack variable (no reports)\n" );
USE(cond);
KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, report_matches(&expect));
}
static noinline void two_param_fn_2(int arg1, int arg2)
{
USE(arg1);
USE(arg2);
}
static noinline void one_param_fn(int arg)
{
two_param_fn_2(arg, arg);
USE(arg);
}
static noinline void two_param_fn(int arg1, int arg2)
{
int init = 0 ;
one_param_fn(init);
USE(arg1);
USE(arg2);
}
static void test_params(struct kunit *test)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_KMSAN_CHECK_PARAM_RETVAL
/*
* With eager param / retval checking enabled , KMSAN will report an error
* before the call to two_param_fn ( ) .
*/
EXPECTATION_UNINIT_VALUE_FN(expect, "test_params" );
#else
EXPECTATION_UNINIT_VALUE_FN(expect, "two_param_fn" );
#endif
volatile int uninit, init = 1 ;
kunit_info(test,
"uninit passed through a function parameter (UMR report)\n" );
two_param_fn(uninit, init);
KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, report_matches(&expect));
}
static int signed_sum3(int a, int b, int c)
{
return a + b + c;
}
/*
* Test case : ensure that uninitialized values are tracked through function
* arguments .
*/
static void test_uninit_multiple_params(struct kunit *test)
{
EXPECTATION_UNINIT_VALUE(expect);
volatile char b = 3 , c;
volatile int a;
kunit_info(test, "uninitialized local passed to fn (UMR report)\n" );
USE(signed_sum3(a, b, c));
KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, report_matches(&expect));
}
/* Helper function to make an array uninitialized. */
static noinline void do_uninit_local_array(char *array, int start, int stop)
{
volatile char uninit;
for (int i = start; i < stop; i++)
array[i] = uninit;
}
/*
* Test case : ensure kmsan_check_memory ( ) reports an error when checking
* uninitialized memory .
*/
static void test_uninit_kmsan_check_memory(struct kunit *test)
{
EXPECTATION_UNINIT_VALUE_FN(expect, "test_uninit_kmsan_check_memory" );
volatile char local_array[8 ];
kunit_info(
test,
"kmsan_check_memory() called on uninit local (UMR report)\n" );
do_uninit_local_array((char *)local_array, 5 , 7 );
kmsan_check_memory((char *)local_array, 8 );
KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, report_matches(&expect));
}
/*
* Test case : check that a virtual memory range created with vmap ( ) from
* initialized pages is still considered as initialized .
*/
static void test_init_kmsan_vmap_vunmap(struct kunit *test)
{
EXPECTATION_NO_REPORT(expect);
const int npages = 2 ;
struct page **pages;
void *vbuf;
kunit_info(test, "pages initialized via vmap (no reports)\n" );
pages = kmalloc_array(npages, sizeof (*pages), GFP_KERNEL);
for (int i = 0 ; i < npages; i++)
pages[i] = alloc_page(GFP_KERNEL);
vbuf = vmap(pages, npages, VM_MAP, PAGE_KERNEL);
memset(vbuf, 0 xfe, npages * PAGE_SIZE);
for (int i = 0 ; i < npages; i++)
kmsan_check_memory(page_address(pages[i]), PAGE_SIZE);
if (vbuf)
vunmap(vbuf);
for (int i = 0 ; i < npages; i++) {
if (pages[i])
__free_page(pages[i]);
}
kfree(pages);
KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, report_matches(&expect));
}
/*
* Test case : ensure that memset ( ) can initialize a buffer allocated via
* vmalloc ( ) .
*/
static void test_init_vmalloc(struct kunit *test)
{
EXPECTATION_NO_REPORT(expect);
int npages = 8 ;
char *buf;
kunit_info(test, "vmalloc buffer can be initialized (no reports)\n" );
buf = vmalloc(PAGE_SIZE * npages);
buf[0 ] = 1 ;
memset(buf, 0 xfe, PAGE_SIZE * npages);
USE(buf[0 ]);
for (int i = 0 ; i < npages; i++)
kmsan_check_memory(&buf[PAGE_SIZE * i], PAGE_SIZE);
vfree(buf);
KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, report_matches(&expect));
}
/* Test case: ensure that use-after-free reporting works. */
static void test_uaf(struct kunit *test)
{
EXPECTATION_USE_AFTER_FREE(expect);
volatile int value;
volatile int *var;
kunit_info(test, "use-after-free in kmalloc-ed buffer (UMR report)\n" );
var = kmalloc(80 , GFP_KERNEL);
var[3 ] = 0 xfeedface;
kfree((int *)var);
/* Copy the invalid value before checking it. */
value = var[3 ];
USE(value);
KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, report_matches(&expect));
}
/*
* Test case : ensure that uninitialized values are propagated through per - CPU
* memory .
*/
static void test_percpu_propagate(struct kunit *test)
{
EXPECTATION_UNINIT_VALUE(expect);
volatile int uninit, check;
kunit_info(test,
"uninit local stored to per_cpu memory (UMR report)\n" );
this_cpu_write(per_cpu_var, uninit);
check = this_cpu_read(per_cpu_var);
USE(check);
KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, report_matches(&expect));
}
/*
* Test case : ensure that passing uninitialized values to printk ( ) leads to an
* error report .
*/
static void test_printk(struct kunit *test)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_KMSAN_CHECK_PARAM_RETVAL
/*
* With eager param / retval checking enabled , KMSAN will report an error
* before the call to pr_info ( ) .
*/
EXPECTATION_UNINIT_VALUE_FN(expect, "test_printk" );
#else
EXPECTATION_UNINIT_VALUE_FN(expect, "number" );
#endif
volatile int uninit;
kunit_info(test, "uninit local passed to pr_info() (UMR report)\n" );
pr_info("%px contains %d\n" , &uninit, uninit);
KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, report_matches(&expect));
}
/* Prevent the compiler from inlining a memcpy() call. */
static noinline void *memcpy_noinline(volatile void *dst,
const volatile void *src, size_t size)
{
return memcpy((void *)dst, (const void *)src, size);
}
/* Test case: ensure that memcpy() correctly copies initialized values. */
static void test_init_memcpy(struct kunit *test)
{
EXPECTATION_NO_REPORT(expect);
volatile long long src;
volatile long long dst = 0 ;
src = 1 ;
kunit_info(
test,
"memcpy()ing aligned initialized src to aligned dst (no reports)\n" );
memcpy_noinline((void *)&dst, (void *)&src, sizeof (src));
kmsan_check_memory((void *)&dst, sizeof (dst));
KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, report_matches(&expect));
}
/*
* Test case : ensure that memcpy ( ) correctly copies uninitialized values between
* aligned ` src ` and ` dst ` .
*/
static void test_memcpy_aligned_to_aligned(struct kunit *test)
{
EXPECTATION_UNINIT_VALUE_FN(expect, "test_memcpy_aligned_to_aligned" );
volatile int uninit_src;
volatile int dst = 0 ;
kunit_info(
test,
"memcpy()ing aligned uninit src to aligned dst (UMR report)\n" );
memcpy_noinline((void *)&dst, (void *)&uninit_src, sizeof (uninit_src));
kmsan_check_memory((void *)&dst, sizeof (dst));
KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, report_matches(&expect));
}
/*
* Test case : ensure that memcpy ( ) correctly copies uninitialized values between
* aligned ` src ` and unaligned ` dst ` .
*
* Copying aligned 4 - byte value to an unaligned one leads to touching two
* aligned 4 - byte values . This test case checks that KMSAN correctly reports an
* error on the mentioned two values .
*/
static void test_memcpy_aligned_to_unaligned(struct kunit *test)
{
EXPECTATION_UNINIT_VALUE_FN(expect, "test_memcpy_aligned_to_unaligned" );
volatile int uninit_src;
volatile char dst[8 ] = { 0 };
kunit_info(
test,
"memcpy()ing aligned uninit src to unaligned dst (UMR report)\n" );
kmsan_check_memory((void *)&uninit_src, sizeof (uninit_src));
memcpy_noinline((void *)&dst[1 ], (void *)&uninit_src,
sizeof (uninit_src));
kmsan_check_memory((void *)dst, 4 );
KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, report_matches(&expect));
report_reset();
kmsan_check_memory((void *)&dst[4 ], sizeof (uninit_src));
KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, report_matches(&expect));
}
/*
* Test case : ensure that origin slots do not accidentally get overwritten with
* zeroes during memcpy ( ) .
*
* Previously , when copying memory from an aligned buffer to an unaligned one ,
* if there were zero origins corresponding to zero shadow values in the source
* buffer , they could have ended up being copied to nonzero shadow values in the
* destination buffer :
*
* memcpy ( 0 xffff888080a00000 , 0 xffff888080900002 , 8 )
*
* src ( 0 xffff888080900002 ) : . . xx . . . . xx . .
* src origins : o111 0000 o222
* dst ( 0 xffff888080a00000 ) : xx . . . . xx
* dst origins : o111 0000
* ( or 0000 o222 )
*
* ( here . stands for an initialized byte , and x for an uninitialized one .
*
* Ensure that this does not happen anymore , and for both destination bytes
* the origin is nonzero ( i . e . KMSAN reports an error ) .
*/
static void test_memcpy_initialized_gap(struct kunit *test)
{
EXPECTATION_UNINIT_VALUE_FN(expect, "test_memcpy_initialized_gap" );
volatile char uninit_src[12 ];
volatile char dst[8 ] = { 0 };
kunit_info(
test,
"unaligned 4-byte initialized value gets a nonzero origin after memcpy() - (2 UMR reports)\n" );
uninit_src[0 ] = 42 ;
uninit_src[1 ] = 42 ;
uninit_src[4 ] = 42 ;
uninit_src[5 ] = 42 ;
uninit_src[6 ] = 42 ;
uninit_src[7 ] = 42 ;
uninit_src[10 ] = 42 ;
uninit_src[11 ] = 42 ;
memcpy_noinline((void *)&dst[0 ], (void *)&uninit_src[2 ], 8 );
kmsan_check_memory((void *)&dst[0 ], 4 );
KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, report_matches(&expect));
report_reset();
kmsan_check_memory((void *)&dst[2 ], 4 );
KUNIT_EXPECT_FALSE(test, report_matches(&expect));
report_reset();
kmsan_check_memory((void *)&dst[4 ], 4 );
KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, report_matches(&expect));
}
/* Generate test cases for memset16(), memset32(), memset64(). */
#define DEFINE_TEST_MEMSETXX(size) \
static void test_memset## size(struct kunit *test) \
{ \
EXPECTATION_NO_REPORT(expect); \
volatile uint## size## _t uninit; \
\
kunit_info(test, \
"memset" #size "() should initialize memory\n" ); \
memset## size((uint## size## _t *)&uninit, 0 , 1 ); \
kmsan_check_memory((void *)&uninit, sizeof (uninit)); \
KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, report_matches(&expect)); \
}
DEFINE_TEST_MEMSETXX(16 )
DEFINE_TEST_MEMSETXX(32 )
DEFINE_TEST_MEMSETXX(64 )
/* Test case: ensure that KMSAN does not access shadow memory out of bounds. */
static void test_memset_on_guarded_buffer(struct kunit *test)
{
void *buf = vmalloc(PAGE_SIZE);
kunit_info(test,
"memset() on ends of guarded buffer should not crash\n" );
for (size_t size = 0 ; size <= 128 ; size++) {
memset(buf, 0 xff, size);
memset(buf + PAGE_SIZE - size, 0 xff, size);
}
vfree(buf);
}
static noinline void fibonacci(int *array, int size, int start)
{
if (start < 2 || (start == size))
return ;
array[start] = array[start - 1 ] + array[start - 2 ];
fibonacci(array, size, start + 1 );
}
static void test_long_origin_chain(struct kunit *test)
{
EXPECTATION_UNINIT_VALUE_FN(expect, "test_long_origin_chain" );
/* (KMSAN_MAX_ORIGIN_DEPTH * 2) recursive calls to fibonacci(). */
volatile int accum[KMSAN_MAX_ORIGIN_DEPTH * 2 + 2 ];
int last = ARRAY_SIZE(accum) - 1 ;
kunit_info(
test,
"origin chain exceeding KMSAN_MAX_ORIGIN_DEPTH (UMR report)\n" );
/*
* We do not set accum [ 1 ] to 0 , so the uninitializedness will be carried
* over to accum [ 2 . . last ] .
*/
accum[0 ] = 1 ;
fibonacci((int *)accum, ARRAY_SIZE(accum), 2 );
kmsan_check_memory((void *)&accum[last], sizeof (int ));
KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, report_matches(&expect));
}
/*
* Test case : ensure that saving / restoring / printing stacks to / from stackdepot
* does not trigger errors .
*
* KMSAN uses stackdepot to store origin stack traces , that ' s why we do not
* instrument lib / stackdepot . c . Yet it must properly mark its outputs as
* initialized because other kernel features ( e . g . netdev tracker ) may also
* access stackdepot from instrumented code .
*/
static void test_stackdepot_roundtrip(struct kunit *test)
{
unsigned long src_entries[16 ], *dst_entries;
unsigned int src_nentries, dst_nentries;
EXPECTATION_NO_REPORT(expect);
depot_stack_handle_t handle;
kunit_info(test, "testing stackdepot roundtrip (no reports)\n" );
src_nentries =
stack_trace_save(src_entries, ARRAY_SIZE(src_entries), 1 );
handle = stack_depot_save(src_entries, src_nentries, GFP_KERNEL);
stack_depot_print(handle);
dst_nentries = stack_depot_fetch(handle, &dst_entries);
KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, src_nentries == dst_nentries);
kmsan_check_memory((void *)dst_entries,
sizeof (*dst_entries) * dst_nentries);
KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, report_matches(&expect));
}
/*
* Test case : ensure that kmsan_unpoison_memory ( ) and the instrumentation work
* the same .
*/
static void test_unpoison_memory(struct kunit *test)
{
EXPECTATION_UNINIT_VALUE_FN(expect, "test_unpoison_memory" );
volatile char a[4 ], b[4 ];
kunit_info(
test,
"unpoisoning via the instrumentation vs. kmsan_unpoison_memory() (2 UMR reports)\n" );
/* Initialize a[0] and check a[1]--a[3]. */
a[0 ] = 0 ;
kmsan_check_memory((char *)&a[1 ], 3 );
KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, report_matches(&expect));
report_reset();
/* Initialize b[0] and check b[1]--b[3]. */
kmsan_unpoison_memory((char *)&b[0 ], 1 );
kmsan_check_memory((char *)&b[1 ], 3 );
KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, report_matches(&expect));
}
static void test_copy_from_kernel_nofault(struct kunit *test)
{
long ret;
char buf[4 ], src[4 ];
size_t size = sizeof (buf);
EXPECTATION_UNINIT_VALUE_FN(expect, "copy_from_kernel_nofault" );
kunit_info(
test,
"testing copy_from_kernel_nofault with uninitialized memory\n" );
ret = copy_from_kernel_nofault((char *)&buf[0 ], (char *)&src[le='color: green'>0 ], size);
USE(ret);
KUNIT_EXPECT_TRUE(test, report_matches(&expect));
}
static struct kunit_case kmsan_test_cases[] = {
KUNIT_CASE(test_uninit_kmalloc),
KUNIT_CASE(test_init_kmalloc),
KUNIT_CASE(test_init_kzalloc),
KUNIT_CASE(test_uninit_stack_var),
KUNIT_CASE(test_init_stack_var),
KUNIT_CASE(test_params),
KUNIT_CASE(test_uninit_multiple_params),
KUNIT_CASE(test_uninit_kmsan_check_memory),
KUNIT_CASE(test_init_kmsan_vmap_vunmap),
KUNIT_CASE(test_init_vmalloc),
KUNIT_CASE(test_uaf),
KUNIT_CASE(test_percpu_propagate),
KUNIT_CASE(test_printk),
KUNIT_CASE(test_init_memcpy),
KUNIT_CASE(test_memcpy_aligned_to_aligned),
KUNIT_CASE(test_memcpy_aligned_to_unaligned),
KUNIT_CASE(test_memcpy_initialized_gap),
KUNIT_CASE(test_memset16),
KUNIT_CASE(test_memset32),
KUNIT_CASE(test_memset64),
KUNIT_CASE(test_memset_on_guarded_buffer),
KUNIT_CASE(test_long_origin_chain),
KUNIT_CASE(test_stackdepot_roundtrip),
KUNIT_CASE(test_unpoison_memory),
KUNIT_CASE(test_copy_from_kernel_nofault),
{},
};
/* ===== End test cases ===== */
static int test_init(struct kunit *test)
{
unsigned long flags;
spin_lock_irqsave(&observed.lock, flags);
observed.header[0 ] = '\0' ;
observed.ignore = false ;
observed.available = false ;
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&observed.lock, flags);
return 0 ;
}
static void test_exit(struct kunit *test)
{
}
static int orig_panic_on_kmsan;
static int kmsan_suite_init(struct kunit_suite *suite)
{
register_trace_console(probe_console, NULL);
orig_panic_on_kmsan = panic_on_kmsan;
panic_on_kmsan = 0 ;
return 0 ;
}
static void kmsan_suite_exit(struct kunit_suite *suite)
{
unregister_trace_console(probe_console, NULL);
tracepoint_synchronize_unregister();
panic_on_kmsan = orig_panic_on_kmsan;
}
static struct kunit_suite kmsan_test_suite = {
.name = "kmsan" ,
.test_cases = kmsan_test_cases,
.init = test_init,
.exit = test_exit,
.suite_init = kmsan_suite_init,
.suite_exit = kmsan_suite_exit,
};
kunit_test_suites(&kmsan_test_suite);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL" );
MODULE_AUTHOR("Alexander Potapenko <glider@google.com>" );
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Test cases for KMSAN" );
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