// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
* This file contains common KASAN error reporting code .
*
* Copyright ( c ) 2014 Samsung Electronics Co . , Ltd .
* Author : Andrey Ryabinin < ryabinin . a . a @ gmail . com >
*
* Some code borrowed from https : //github.com/xairy/kasan-prototype by
* Andrey Konovalov < andreyknvl @ gmail . com >
*/
#include <kunit/test.h>
#include <kunit/visibility.h>
#include <linux/bitops.h>
#include <linux/ftrace.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/lockdep.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/printk.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/stackdepot.h>
#include <linux/stacktrace.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <linux/kasan.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/sched/task_stack.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <trace/events/error_report.h>
#include <asm /sections.h>
#include "kasan.h"
#include "../slab.h"
static unsigned long kasan_flags;
#define KASAN_BIT_REPORTED 0
#define KASAN_BIT_MULTI_SHOT 1
enum kasan_arg_fault {
KASAN_ARG_FAULT_DEFAULT,
KASAN_ARG_FAULT_REPORT,
KASAN_ARG_FAULT_PANIC,
KASAN_ARG_FAULT_PANIC_ON_WRITE,
};
static enum kasan_arg_fault kasan_arg_fault __ro_after_init = KASAN_ARG_FAULT_DEFAULT;
/* kasan.fault=report/panic */
static int __init early_kasan_fault(char *arg)
{
if (!arg)
return -EINVAL;
if (!strcmp(arg, "report" ))
kasan_arg_fault = KASAN_ARG_FAULT_REPORT;
else if (!strcmp(arg, "panic" ))
kasan_arg_fault = KASAN_ARG_FAULT_PANIC;
else if (!strcmp(arg, "panic_on_write" ))
kasan_arg_fault = KASAN_ARG_FAULT_PANIC_ON_WRITE;
else
return -EINVAL;
return 0 ;
}
early_param("kasan.fault" , early_kasan_fault);
static int __init kasan_set_multi_shot(char *str)
{
set_bit(KASAN_BIT_MULTI_SHOT, &kasan_flags);
return 1 ;
}
__setup("kasan_multi_shot" , kasan_set_multi_shot);
/*
* This function is used to check whether KASAN reports are suppressed for
* software KASAN modes via kasan_disable / enable_current ( ) critical sections .
*
* This is done to avoid :
* 1 . False - positive reports when accessing slab metadata ,
* 2 . Deadlocking when poisoned memory is accessed by the reporting code .
*
* Hardware Tag - Based KASAN instead relies on :
* For # 1 : Resetting tags via kasan_reset_tag ( ) .
* For # 2 : Suppression of tag checks via CPU , see report_suppress_start / end ( ) .
*/
static bool report_suppressed_sw(void )
{
#if defined (CONFIG_KASAN_GENERIC) || defined (CONFIG_KASAN_SW_TAGS)
if (current->kasan_depth)
return true ;
#endif
return false ;
}
static void report_suppress_start(void )
{
#ifdef CONFIG_KASAN_HW_TAGS
/*
* Disable preemption for the duration of printing a KASAN report , as
* hw_suppress_tag_checks_start ( ) disables checks on the current CPU .
*/
preempt_disable();
hw_suppress_tag_checks_start();
#else
kasan_disable_current();
#endif
}
static void report_suppress_stop(void )
{
#ifdef CONFIG_KASAN_HW_TAGS
hw_suppress_tag_checks_stop();
preempt_enable();
#else
kasan_enable_current();
#endif
}
/*
* Used to avoid reporting more than one KASAN bug unless kasan_multi_shot
* is enabled . Note that KASAN tests effectively enable kasan_multi_shot
* for their duration .
*/
static bool report_enabled(void )
{
if (test_bit(KASAN_BIT_MULTI_SHOT, &kasan_flags))
return true ;
return !test_and_set_bit(KASAN_BIT_REPORTED, &kasan_flags);
}
#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KASAN_KUNIT_TEST)
VISIBLE_IF_KUNIT bool kasan_save_enable_multi_shot(void )
{
return test_and_set_bit(KASAN_BIT_MULTI_SHOT, &kasan_flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_IF_KUNIT(kasan_save_enable_multi_shot);
VISIBLE_IF_KUNIT void kasan_restore_multi_shot(bool enabled)
{
if (!enabled)
clear_bit(KASAN_BIT_MULTI_SHOT, &kasan_flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_IF_KUNIT(kasan_restore_multi_shot);
#endif
#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KASAN_KUNIT_TEST)
/*
* Whether the KASAN KUnit test suite is currently being executed .
* Updated in kasan_test . c .
*/
static bool kasan_kunit_executing;
VISIBLE_IF_KUNIT void kasan_kunit_test_suite_start(void )
{
WRITE_ONCE(kasan_kunit_executing, true );
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_IF_KUNIT(kasan_kunit_test_suite_start);
VISIBLE_IF_KUNIT void kasan_kunit_test_suite_end(void )
{
WRITE_ONCE(kasan_kunit_executing, false );
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_IF_KUNIT(kasan_kunit_test_suite_end);
static bool kasan_kunit_test_suite_executing(void )
{
return READ_ONCE(kasan_kunit_executing);
}
#else /* CONFIG_KASAN_KUNIT_TEST */
static inline bool kasan_kunit_test_suite_executing(void ) { return false ; }
#endif /* CONFIG_KASAN_KUNIT_TEST */
#if IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KUNIT)
static void fail_non_kasan_kunit_test(void )
{
struct kunit *test;
if (kasan_kunit_test_suite_executing())
return ;
test = current->kunit_test;
if (test)
kunit_set_failure(test);
}
#else /* CONFIG_KUNIT */
static inline void fail_non_kasan_kunit_test(void ) { }
#endif /* CONFIG_KUNIT */
static DEFINE_RAW_SPINLOCK(report_lock);
static void start_report(unsigned long *flags, bool sync)
{
fail_non_kasan_kunit_test();
/* Respect the /proc/sys/kernel/traceoff_on_warning interface. */
disable_trace_on_warning();
/* Do not allow LOCKDEP mangling KASAN reports. */
lockdep_off();
/* Make sure we don't end up in loop. */
report_suppress_start();
raw_spin_lock_irqsave(&report_lock, *flags);
pr_err("==================================================================\n" );
}
static void end_report(unsigned long *flags, const void *addr, bool is_write)
{
if (addr)
trace_error_report_end(ERROR_DETECTOR_KASAN,
(unsigned long )addr);
pr_err("==================================================================\n" );
raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&report_lock, *flags);
if (!test_bit(KASAN_BIT_MULTI_SHOT, &kasan_flags))
check_panic_on_warn("KASAN" );
switch (kasan_arg_fault) {
case KASAN_ARG_FAULT_DEFAULT:
case KASAN_ARG_FAULT_REPORT:
break ;
case KASAN_ARG_FAULT_PANIC:
panic("kasan.fault=panic set ...\n" );
break ;
case KASAN_ARG_FAULT_PANIC_ON_WRITE:
if (is_write)
panic("kasan.fault=panic_on_write set ...\n" );
break ;
}
add_taint(TAINT_BAD_PAGE, LOCKDEP_NOW_UNRELIABLE);
lockdep_on();
report_suppress_stop();
}
static void print_error_description(struct kasan_report_info *info)
{
pr_err("BUG: KASAN: %s in %pS\n" , info->bug_type, (void *)info->ip);
if (info->type != KASAN_REPORT_ACCESS) {
pr_err("Free of addr %px by task %s/%d\n" ,
info->access_addr, current->comm, task_pid_nr(current));
return ;
}
if (info->access_size)
pr_err("%s of size %zu at addr %px by task %s/%d\n" ,
info->is_write ? "Write" : "Read" , info->access_size,
info->access_addr, current->comm, task_pid_nr(current));
else
pr_err("%s at addr %px by task %s/%d\n" ,
info->is_write ? "Write" : "Read" ,
info->access_addr, current->comm, task_pid_nr(current));
}
static void print_track(struct kasan_track *track, const char *prefix)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_KASAN_EXTRA_INFO
u64 ts_nsec = track->timestamp;
unsigned long rem_usec;
ts_nsec <<= 9 ;
rem_usec = do_div(ts_nsec, NSEC_PER_SEC) / 1000 ;
pr_err("%s by task %u on cpu %d at %lu.%06lus:\n" ,
prefix, track->pid, track->cpu,
(unsigned long )ts_nsec, rem_usec);
#else
pr_err("%s by task %u:\n" , prefix, track->pid);
#endif /* CONFIG_KASAN_EXTRA_INFO */
if (track->stack)
stack_depot_print(track->stack);
else
pr_err("(stack is not available)\n" );
}
static inline struct page *addr_to_page(const void *addr)
{
if (virt_addr_valid(addr))
return virt_to_head_page(addr);
return NULL;
}
static void describe_object_addr(const void *addr, struct kasan_report_info *info)
{
unsigned long access_addr = (unsigned long )addr;
unsigned long object_addr = (unsigned long )info->object;
const char *rel_type, *region_state = "" ;
int rel_bytes;
pr_err("The buggy address belongs to the object at %px\n"
" which belongs to the cache %s of size %d\n" ,
info->object, info->cache->name, info->cache->object_size);
if (access_addr < object_addr) {
rel_type = "to the left" ;
rel_bytes = object_addr - access_addr;
} else if (access_addr >= object_addr + info->alloc_size) {
rel_type = "to the right" ;
rel_bytes = access_addr - (object_addr + info->alloc_size);
} else {
rel_type = "inside" ;
rel_bytes = access_addr - object_addr;
}
/*
* Tag - Based modes use the stack ring to infer the bug type , but the
* memory region state description is generated based on the metadata .
* Thus , defining the region state as below can contradict the metadata .
* Fixing this requires further improvements , so only infer the state
* for the Generic mode .
*/
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KASAN_GENERIC)) {
if (strcmp(info->bug_type, "slab-out-of-bounds" ) == 0 )
region_state = "allocated " ;
else if (strcmp(info->bug_type, "slab-use-after-free" ) == 0 )
region_state = "freed " ;
}
pr_err("The buggy address is located %d bytes %s of\n"
" %s%zu-byte region [%px, %px)\n" ,
rel_bytes, rel_type, region_state, info->alloc_size,
(void *)object_addr, (void *)(object_addr + info->alloc_size));
}
static void describe_object_stacks(struct kasan_report_info *info)
{
if (info->alloc_track.stack) {
print_track(&info->alloc_track, "Allocated" );
pr_err("\n" );
}
if (info->free_track.stack) {
print_track(&info->free_track, "Freed" );
pr_err("\n" );
}
kasan_print_aux_stacks(info->cache, info->object);
}
static void describe_object(const void *addr, struct kasan_report_info *info)
{
if (kasan_stack_collection_enabled())
describe_object_stacks(info);
describe_object_addr(addr, info);
}
static inline bool kernel_or_module_addr(const void *addr)
{
if (is_kernel((unsigned long )addr))
return true ;
if (is_module_address((unsigned long )addr))
return true ;
return false ;
}
static inline bool init_task_stack_addr(const void *addr)
{
return addr >= (void *)&init_thread_union.stack &&
(addr <= (void *)&init_thread_union.stack +
sizeof (init_thread_union.stack));
}
static void print_address_description(void *addr, u8 tag,
struct kasan_report_info *info)
{
struct page *page = addr_to_page(addr);
dump_stack_lvl(KERN_ERR);
pr_err("\n" );
if (info->cache && info->object) {
describe_object(addr, info);
pr_err("\n" );
}
if (kernel_or_module_addr(addr) && !init_task_stack_addr(addr)) {
pr_err("The buggy address belongs to the variable:\n" );
pr_err(" %pS\n" , addr);
pr_err("\n" );
}
if (object_is_on_stack(addr)) {
/*
* Currently , KASAN supports printing frame information only
* for accesses to the task ' s own stack .
*/
kasan_print_address_stack_frame(addr);
pr_err("\n" );
}
if (is_vmalloc_addr(addr)) {
pr_err("The buggy address belongs to a" );
if (!vmalloc_dump_obj(addr))
pr_cont(" vmalloc virtual mapping\n" );
page = vmalloc_to_page(addr);
}
if (page) {
pr_err("The buggy address belongs to the physical page:\n" );
dump_page(page, "kasan: bad access detected" );
pr_err("\n" );
}
}
static bool meta_row_is_guilty(const void *row, const void *addr)
{
return (row <= addr) && (addr < row + META_MEM_BYTES_PER_ROW);
}
static int meta_pointer_offset(const void *row, const void *addr)
{
/*
* Memory state around the buggy address :
* ff00ff00ff00ff00 : 00 00 00 05 fe fe fe fe fe fe fe fe fe fe fe fe
* . . .
*
* The length of " > ff00ff00ff00ff00 : " is
* 3 + ( BITS_PER_LONG / 8 ) * 2 chars .
* The length of each granule metadata is 2 bytes
* plus 1 byte for space .
*/
return 3 + (BITS_PER_LONG / 8 ) * 2 +
(addr - row) / KASAN_GRANULE_SIZE * 3 + 1 ;
}
static void print_memory_metadata(const void *addr)
{
int i;
void *row;
row = (void *)round_down((unsigned long )addr, META_MEM_BYTES_PER_ROW)
- META_ROWS_AROUND_ADDR * META_MEM_BYTES_PER_ROW;
pr_err("Memory state around the buggy address:\n" );
for (i = -META_ROWS_AROUND_ADDR; i <= META_ROWS_AROUND_ADDR; i++) {
char buffer[4 + (BITS_PER_LONG / 8 ) * 2 ];
char metadata[META_BYTES_PER_ROW];
snprintf(buffer, sizeof (buffer),
(i == 0 ) ? ">%px: " : " %px: " , row);
/*
* We should not pass a shadow pointer to generic
* function , because generic functions may try to
* access kasan mapping for the passed address .
*/
kasan_metadata_fetch_row(&metadata[0 ], row);
print_hex_dump(KERN_ERR, buffer,
DUMP_PREFIX_NONE, META_BYTES_PER_ROW, 1 ,
metadata, META_BYTES_PER_ROW, 0 );
if (meta_row_is_guilty(row, addr))
pr_err("%*c\n" , meta_pointer_offset(row, addr), '^' );
row += META_MEM_BYTES_PER_ROW;
}
}
static void print_report(struct kasan_report_info *info)
{
void *addr = kasan_reset_tag((void *)info->access_addr);
u8 tag = get_tag((void *)info->access_addr);
print_error_description(info);
if (addr_has_metadata(addr))
kasan_print_tags(tag, info->first_bad_addr);
pr_err("\n" );
if (addr_has_metadata(addr)) {
print_address_description(addr, tag, info);
print_memory_metadata(info->first_bad_addr);
} else {
dump_stack_lvl(KERN_ERR);
}
}
static void complete_report_info(struct kasan_report_info *info)
{
void *addr = kasan_reset_tag((void *)info->access_addr);
struct slab *slab;
if (info->type == KASAN_REPORT_ACCESS)
info->first_bad_addr = kasan_find_first_bad_addr(
(void *)info->access_addr, info->access_size);
else
info->first_bad_addr = addr;
slab = kasan_addr_to_slab(addr);
if (slab) {
info->cache = slab->slab_cache;
info->object = nearest_obj(info->cache, slab, addr);
/* Try to determine allocation size based on the metadata. */
info->alloc_size = kasan_get_alloc_size(info->object, info->cache);
/* Fallback to the object size if failed. */
if (!info->alloc_size)
info->alloc_size = info->cache->object_size;
} else
info->cache = info->object = NULL;
switch (info->type) {
case KASAN_REPORT_INVALID_FREE:
info->bug_type = "invalid-free" ;
break ;
case KASAN_REPORT_DOUBLE_FREE:
info->bug_type = "double-free" ;
break ;
default :
/* bug_type filled in by kasan_complete_mode_report_info. */
break ;
}
/* Fill in mode-specific report info fields. */
kasan_complete_mode_report_info(info);
}
void kasan_report_invalid_free(void *ptr, unsigned long ip, enum kasan_report_type type)
{
unsigned long flags;
struct kasan_report_info info;
/*
* Do not check report_suppressed_sw ( ) , as an invalid - free cannot be
* caused by accessing poisoned memory and thus should not be suppressed
* by kasan_disable / enable_current ( ) critical sections .
*
* Note that for Hardware Tag - Based KASAN , kasan_report_invalid_free ( )
* is triggered by explicit tag checks and not by the ones performed by
* the CPU . Thus , reporting invalid - free is not suppressed as well .
*/
if (unlikely(!report_enabled()))
return ;
start_report(&flags, true );
__memset(&info, 0 , sizeof (info));
info.type = type;
info.access_addr = ptr;
info.access_size = 0 ;
info.is_write = false ;
info.ip = ip;
complete_report_info(&info);
print_report(&info);
/*
* Invalid free is considered a " write " since the allocator ' s metadata
* updates involves writes .
*/
end_report(&flags, ptr, true );
}
/*
* kasan_report ( ) is the only reporting function that uses
* user_access_save / restore ( ) : kasan_report_invalid_free ( ) cannot be called
* from a UACCESS region , and kasan_report_async ( ) is not used on x86 .
*/
bool kasan_report(const void *addr, size_t size, bool is_write,
unsigned long ip)
{
bool ret = true ;
unsigned long ua_flags = user_access_save();
unsigned long irq_flags;
struct kasan_report_info info;
if (unlikely(report_suppressed_sw()) || unlikely(!report_enabled())) {
ret = false ;
goto out;
}
start_report(&irq_flags, true );
__memset(&info, 0 , sizeof (info));
info.type = KASAN_REPORT_ACCESS;
info.access_addr = addr;
info.access_size = size;
info.is_write = is_write;
info.ip = ip;
complete_report_info(&info);
print_report(&info);
end_report(&irq_flags, (void *)addr, is_write);
out:
user_access_restore(ua_flags);
return ret;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_KASAN_HW_TAGS
void kasan_report_async(void )
{
unsigned long flags;
/*
* Do not check report_suppressed_sw ( ) , as
* kasan_disable / enable_current ( ) critical sections do not affect
* Hardware Tag - Based KASAN .
*/
if (unlikely(!report_enabled()))
return ;
start_report(&flags, false );
pr_err("BUG: KASAN: invalid-access\n" );
pr_err("Asynchronous fault: no details available\n" );
pr_err("\n" );
dump_stack_lvl(KERN_ERR);
/*
* Conservatively set is_write = true , because no details are available .
* In this mode , kasan . fault = panic_on_write is like kasan . fault = panic .
*/
end_report(&flags, NULL, true );
}
#endif /* CONFIG_KASAN_HW_TAGS */
#if defined (CONFIG_KASAN_GENERIC) || defined (CONFIG_KASAN_SW_TAGS)
/*
* With compiler - based KASAN modes , accesses to bogus pointers ( outside of the
* mapped kernel address space regions ) cause faults when KASAN tries to check
* the shadow memory before the actual memory access . This results in cryptic
* GPF reports , which are hard for users to interpret . This hook helps users to
* figure out what the original bogus pointer was .
*/
void kasan_non_canonical_hook(unsigned long addr)
{
unsigned long orig_addr;
const char *bug_type;
/*
* All addresses that came as a result of the memory - to - shadow mapping
* ( even for bogus pointers ) must be > = KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET .
*/
if (addr < KASAN_SHADOW_OFFSET)
return ;
orig_addr = (unsigned long )kasan_shadow_to_mem((void *)addr);
/*
* For faults near the shadow address for NULL , we can be fairly certain
* that this is a KASAN shadow memory access .
* For faults that correspond to the shadow for low or high canonical
* addresses , we can still be pretty sure : these shadow regions are a
* fairly narrow chunk of the address space .
* But the shadow for non - canonical addresses is a really large chunk
* of the address space . For this case , we still print the decoded
* address , but make it clear that this is not necessarily what ' s
* actually going on .
*/
if (orig_addr < PAGE_SIZE)
bug_type = "null-ptr-deref" ;
else if (orig_addr < TASK_SIZE)
bug_type = "probably user-memory-access" ;
else if (addr_in_shadow((void *)addr))
bug_type = "probably wild-memory-access" ;
else
bug_type = "maybe wild-memory-access" ;
pr_alert("KASAN: %s in range [0x%016lx-0x%016lx]\n" , bug_type,
orig_addr, orig_addr + KASAN_GRANULE_SIZE - 1 );
}
#endif
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