// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
* Deferred user space unwinding
*/
#include <linux/sched/task_stack.h>
#include <linux/unwind_deferred.h>
#include <linux/sched/clock.h>
#include <linux/task_work.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/sizes.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
/*
* For requesting a deferred user space stack trace from NMI context
* the architecture must support a safe cmpxchg in NMI context .
* For those architectures that do not have that , then it cannot ask
* for a deferred user space stack trace from an NMI context . If it
* does , then it will get - EINVAL .
*/
#if defined (CONFIG_ARCH_HAVE_NMI_SAFE_CMPXCHG)
# define CAN_USE_IN_NMI 1
static inline bool try_assign_cnt(struct unwind_task_info *info, u32 cnt)
{
u32 old = 0 ;
return try_cmpxchg(&info->id.cnt, &old, cnt);
}
#else
# define CAN_USE_IN_NMI 0
/* When NMIs are not allowed, this always succeeds */
static inline bool try_assign_cnt(struct unwind_task_info *info, u32 cnt)
{
info->id.cnt = cnt;
return true ;
}
#endif
/* Make the cache fit in a 4K page */
#define UNWIND_MAX_ENTRIES \
((SZ_4K - sizeof (struct unwind_cache)) / sizeof (long ))
/* Guards adding to or removing from the list of callbacks */
static DEFINE_MUTEX(callback_mutex);
static LIST_HEAD(callbacks);
#define RESERVED_BITS (UNWIND_PENDING | UNWIND_USED)
/* Zero'd bits are available for assigning callback users */
static unsigned long unwind_mask = RESERVED_BITS;
DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(unwind_srcu);
static inline bool unwind_pending(struct unwind_task_info *info)
{
return test_bit(UNWIND_PENDING_BIT, &info->unwind_mask);
}
/*
* This is a unique percpu identifier for a given task entry context .
* Conceptually , it ' s incremented every time the CPU enters the kernel from
* user space , so that each " entry context " on the CPU gets a unique ID . In
* reality , as an optimization , it ' s only incremented on demand for the first
* deferred unwind request after a given entry - from - user .
*
* It ' s combined with the CPU id to make a systemwide - unique " context cookie " .
*/
static DEFINE_PER_CPU(u32, unwind_ctx_ctr);
/*
* The context cookie is a unique identifier that is assigned to a user
* space stacktrace . As the user space stacktrace remains the same while
* the task is in the kernel , the cookie is an identifier for the stacktrace .
* Although it is possible for the stacktrace to get another cookie if another
* request is made after the cookie was cleared and before reentering user
* space .
*/
static u64 get_cookie(struct unwind_task_info *info)
{
u32 cnt = 1 ;
if (info->id.cpu)
return info->id.id;
/* LSB is always set to ensure 0 is an invalid value */
cnt |= __this_cpu_read(unwind_ctx_ctr) + 2 ;
if (try_assign_cnt(info, cnt)) {
/* Update the per cpu counter */
__this_cpu_write(unwind_ctx_ctr, cnt);
}
/* Interrupts are disabled, the CPU will always be same */
info->id.cpu = smp_processor_id() + 1 ; /* Must be non zero */
return info->id.id;
}
/**
* unwind_user_faultable - Produce a user stacktrace in faultable context
* @ trace : The descriptor that will store the user stacktrace
*
* This must be called in a known faultable context ( usually when entering
* or exiting user space ) . Depending on the available implementations
* the @ trace will be loaded with the addresses of the user space stacktrace
* if it can be found .
*
* Return : 0 on success and negative on error
* On success @ trace will contain the user space stacktrace
*/
int unwind_user_faultable(struct unwind_stacktrace *trace)
{
struct unwind_task_info *info = ¤t->unwind_info;
struct unwind_cache *cache;
/* Should always be called from faultable context */
might_fault();
if (!current->mm)
return -EINVAL;
if (!info->cache) {
info->cache = kzalloc(struct_size(cache, entries, UNWIND_MAX_ENTRIES),
GFP_KERNEL);
if (!info->cache)
return -ENOMEM;
}
cache = info->cache;
trace->entries = cache->entries;
if (cache->nr_entries) {
/*
* The user stack has already been previously unwound in this
* entry context . Skip the unwind and use the cache .
*/
trace->nr = cache->nr_entries;
return 0 ;
}
trace->nr = 0 ;
unwind_user(trace, UNWIND_MAX_ENTRIES);
cache->nr_entries = trace->nr;
/* Clear nr_entries on way back to user space */
set_bit(UNWIND_USED_BIT, &info->unwind_mask);
return 0 ;
}
static void process_unwind_deferred(struct task_struct *task)
{
struct unwind_task_info *info = &task->unwind_info;
struct unwind_stacktrace trace;
struct unwind_work *work;
unsigned long bits;
u64 cookie;
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!unwind_pending(info)))
return ;
/* Clear pending bit but make sure to have the current bits */
bits = atomic_long_fetch_andnot(UNWIND_PENDING,
(atomic_long_t *)&info->unwind_mask);
/*
* From here on out , the callback must always be called , even if it ' s
* just an empty trace .
*/
trace.nr = 0 ;
trace.entries = NULL;
unwind_user_faultable(&trace);
if (info->cache)
bits &= ~(info->cache->unwind_completed);
cookie = info->id.id;
guard(srcu)(&unwind_srcu);
list_for_each_entry_srcu(work, &callbacks, list,
srcu_read_lock_held(&unwind_srcu)) {
if (test_bit(work->bit, &bits)) {
work->func(work, &trace, cookie);
if (info->cache)
info->cache->unwind_completed |= BIT(work->bit);
}
}
}
static void unwind_deferred_task_work(struct callback_head *head)
{
process_unwind_deferred(current);
}
void unwind_deferred_task_exit(struct task_struct *task)
{
struct unwind_task_info *info = ¤t->unwind_info;
if (!unwind_pending(info))
return ;
process_unwind_deferred(task);
task_work_cancel(task, &info->work);
}
/**
* unwind_deferred_request - Request a user stacktrace on task kernel exit
* @ work : Unwind descriptor requesting the trace
* @ cookie : The cookie of the first request made for this task
*
* Schedule a user space unwind to be done in task work before exiting the
* kernel .
*
* The returned @ cookie output is the generated cookie of the very first
* request for a user space stacktrace for this task since it entered the
* kernel . It can be from a request by any caller of this infrastructure .
* Its value will also be passed to the callback function . It can be
* used to stitch kernel and user stack traces together in post - processing .
*
* It ' s valid to call this function multiple times for the same @ work within
* the same task entry context . Each call will return the same cookie
* while the task hasn ' t left the kernel . If the callback is not pending
* because it has already been previously called for the same entry context ,
* it will be called again with the same stack trace and cookie .
*
* Return : 0 if the callback successfully was queued .
* 1 if the callback is pending or was already executed .
* Negative if there ' s an error .
* @ cookie holds the cookie of the first request by any user
*/
int unwind_deferred_request(struct unwind_work *work, u64 *cookie)
{
struct unwind_task_info *info = ¤t->unwind_info;
unsigned long old, bits;
unsigned long bit;
int ret;
*cookie = 0 ;
if ((current->flags & (PF_KTHREAD | PF_EXITING)) ||
!user_mode(task_pt_regs(current)))
return -EINVAL;
/*
* NMI requires having safe cmpxchg operations .
* Trigger a warning to make it obvious that an architecture
* is using this in NMI when it should not be .
*/
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!CAN_USE_IN_NMI && in_nmi()))
return -EINVAL;
/* Do not allow cancelled works to request again */
bit = READ_ONCE(work->bit);
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(bit < 0 ))
return -EINVAL;
/* Only need the mask now */
bit = BIT(bit);
guard(irqsave)();
*cookie = get_cookie(info);
old = READ_ONCE(info->unwind_mask);
/* Is this already queued or executed */
if (old & bit)
return 1 ;
/*
* This work ' s bit hasn ' t been set yet . Now set it with the PENDING
* bit and fetch the current value of unwind_mask . If ether the
* work ' s bit or PENDING was already set , then this is already queued
* to have a callback .
*/
bits = UNWIND_PENDING | bit;
old = atomic_long_fetch_or(bits, (atomic_long_t *)&info->unwind_mask);
if (old & bits) {
/*
* If the work ' s bit was set , whatever set it had better
* have also set pending and queued a callback .
*/
WARN_ON_ONCE(!(old & UNWIND_PENDING));
return old & bit;
}
/* The work has been claimed, now schedule it. */
ret = task_work_add(current, &info->work, TWA_RESUME);
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(ret))
WRITE_ONCE(info->unwind_mask, 0 );
return ret;
}
void unwind_deferred_cancel(struct unwind_work *work)
{
struct task_struct *g, *t;
int bit;
if (!work)
return ;
bit = work->bit;
/* No work should be using a reserved bit */
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(BIT(bit) & RESERVED_BITS))
return ;
guard(mutex)(&callback_mutex);
list_del_rcu(&work->list);
/* Do not allow any more requests and prevent callbacks */
work->bit = -1 ;
__clear_bit(bit, &unwind_mask);
synchronize_srcu(&unwind_srcu);
guard(rcu)();
/* Clear this bit from all threads */
for_each_process_thread(g, t) {
clear_bit(bit, &t->unwind_info.unwind_mask);
if (t->unwind_info.cache)
clear_bit(bit, &t->unwind_info.cache->unwind_completed);
}
}
int unwind_deferred_init(struct unwind_work *work, unwind_callback_t func)
{
memset(work, 0 , sizeof (*work));
guard(mutex)(&callback_mutex);
/* See if there's a bit in the mask available */
if (unwind_mask == ~0 UL)
return -EBUSY;
work->bit = ffz(unwind_mask);
__set_bit(work->bit, &unwind_mask);
list_add_rcu(&work->list, &callbacks);
work->func = func;
return 0 ;
}
void unwind_task_init(struct task_struct *task)
{
struct unwind_task_info *info = &task->unwind_info;
memset(info, 0 , sizeof (*info));
init_task_work(&info->work, unwind_deferred_task_work);
info->unwind_mask = 0 ;
}
void unwind_task_free(struct task_struct *task)
{
struct unwind_task_info *info = &task->unwind_info;
kfree(info->cache);
task_work_cancel(task, &info->work);
}
Messung V0.5 in Prozent C=92 H=100 G=95
¤ Dauer der Verarbeitung: 0.11 Sekunden
(vorverarbeitet am 2026-09-29)
¤
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