// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
* Per Entity Load Tracking ( PELT )
*
* Copyright ( C ) 2007 Red Hat , Inc . , Ingo Molnar < mingo @ redhat . com >
*
* Interactivity improvements by Mike Galbraith
* ( C ) 2007 Mike Galbraith < efault @ gmx . de >
*
* Various enhancements by Dmitry Adamushko .
* ( C ) 2007 Dmitry Adamushko < dmitry . adamushko @ gmail . com >
*
* Group scheduling enhancements by Srivatsa Vaddagiri
* Copyright IBM Corporation , 2007
* Author : Srivatsa Vaddagiri < vatsa @ linux . vnet . ibm . com >
*
* Scaled math optimizations by Thomas Gleixner
* Copyright ( C ) 2007 , Thomas Gleixner < tglx @ linutronix . de >
*
* Adaptive scheduling granularity , math enhancements by Peter Zijlstra
* Copyright ( C ) 2007 Red Hat , Inc . , Peter Zijlstra
*
* Move PELT related code from fair . c into this pelt . c file
* Author : Vincent Guittot < vincent . guittot @ linaro . org >
*/
#include "pelt.h"
/*
* Approximate :
* val * y ^ n , where y ^ 32 ~ = 0 . 5 ( ~ 1 scheduling period )
*/
static u64 decay_load(u64 val, u64 n)
{
unsigned int local_n;
if (unlikely(n > LOAD_AVG_PERIOD * 63 ))
return 0 ;
/* after bounds checking we can collapse to 32-bit */
local_n = n;
/*
* As y ^ PERIOD = 1 / 2 , we can combine
* y ^ n = 1 / 2 ^ ( n / PERIOD ) * y ^ ( n % PERIOD )
* With a look - up table which covers y ^ n ( n < PERIOD )
*
* To achieve constant time decay_load .
*/
if (unlikely(local_n >= LOAD_AVG_PERIOD)) {
val >>= local_n / LOAD_AVG_PERIOD;
local_n %= LOAD_AVG_PERIOD;
}
val = mul_u64_u32_shr(val, runnable_avg_yN_inv[local_n], 32 );
return val;
}
static u32 __accumulate_pelt_segments(u64 periods, u32 d1, u32 d3)
{
u32 c1, c2, c3 = d3; /* y^0 == 1 */
/*
* c1 = d1 y ^ p
*/
c1 = decay_load((u64)d1, periods);
/*
* p - 1
* c2 = 1024 \ Sum y ^ n
* n = 1
*
* inf inf
* = 1024 ( \ Sum y ^ n - \ Sum y ^ n - y ^ 0 )
* n = 0 n = p
*/
c2 = LOAD_AVG_MAX - decay_load(LOAD_AVG_MAX, periods) - 1024 ;
return c1 + c2 + c3;
}
/*
* Accumulate the three separate parts of the sum ; d1 the remainder
* of the last ( incomplete ) period , d2 the span of full periods and d3
* the remainder of the ( incomplete ) current period .
*
* d1 d2 d3
* ^ ^ ^
* | | |
* | < - > | < - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - > | < - - - > |
* . . . | - - - x - - - | - - - - - - | . . . | - - - - - - | - - - - - x ( now )
*
* p - 1
* u ' = ( u + d1 ) y ^ p + 1024 \ Sum y ^ n + d3 y ^ 0
* n = 1
*
* = u y ^ p + ( Step 1 )
*
* p - 1
* d1 y ^ p + 1024 \ Sum y ^ n + d3 y ^ 0 ( Step 2 )
* n = 1
*/
static __always_inline u32
accumulate_sum(u64 delta, struct sched_avg *sa,
unsigned long load, unsigned long runnable, int running)
{
u32 contrib = (u32)delta; /* p == 0 -> delta < 1024 */
u64 periods;
delta += sa->period_contrib;
periods = delta / 1024 ; /* A period is 1024us (~1ms) */
/*
* Step 1 : decay old * _ sum if we crossed period boundaries .
*/
if (periods) {
sa->load_sum = decay_load(sa->load_sum, periods);
sa->runnable_sum =
decay_load(sa->runnable_sum, periods);
sa->util_sum = decay_load((u64)(sa->util_sum), periods);
/*
* Step 2
*/
delta %= 1024 ;
if (load) {
/*
* This relies on the :
*
* if ( ! load )
* runnable = running = 0 ;
*
* clause from _ _ _ update_load_sum ( ) ; this results in
* the below usage of @ contrib to disappear entirely ,
* so no point in calculating it .
*/
contrib = __accumulate_pelt_segments(periods,
1024 - sa->period_contrib, delta);
}
}
sa->period_contrib = delta;
if (load)
sa->load_sum += load * contrib;
if (runnable)
sa->runnable_sum += runnable * contrib << SCHED_CAPACITY_SHIFT;
if (running)
sa->util_sum += contrib << SCHED_CAPACITY_SHIFT;
return periods;
}
/*
* We can represent the historical contribution to runnable average as the
* coefficients of a geometric series . To do this we sub - divide our runnable
* history into segments of approximately 1 ms ( 1024 us ) ; label the segment that
* occurred N - ms ago p_N , with p_0 corresponding to the current period , e . g .
*
* [ < - 1024 us - > | < - 1024 us - > | < - 1024 us - > | . . .
* p0 p1 p2
* ( now ) ( ~ 1 ms ago ) ( ~ 2 ms ago )
*
* Let u_i denote the fraction of p_i that the entity was runnable .
*
* We then designate the fractions u_i as our co - efficients , yielding the
* following representation of historical load :
* u_0 + u_1 * y + u_2 * y ^ 2 + u_3 * y ^ 3 + . . .
*
* We choose y based on the with of a reasonably scheduling period , fixing :
* y ^ 32 = 0 . 5
*
* This means that the contribution to load ~ 32 ms ago ( u_32 ) will be weighted
* approximately half as much as the contribution to load within the last ms
* ( u_0 ) .
*
* When a period " rolls over " and we have new u_0 ` , multiplying the previous
* sum again by y is sufficient to update :
* load_avg = u_0 ` + y * ( u_0 + u_1 * y + u_2 * y ^ 2 + . . . )
* = u_0 + u_1 * y + u_2 * y ^ 2 + . . . [ re - labeling u_i - - > u_ { i + 1 } ]
*/
static __always_inline int
___update_load_sum(u64 now, struct sched_avg *sa,
unsigned long load, unsigned long runnable, int running)
{
u64 delta;
delta = now - sa->last_update_time;
/*
* This should only happen when time goes backwards , which it
* unfortunately does during sched clock init when we swap over to TSC .
*/
if ((s64)delta < 0 ) {
sa->last_update_time = now;
return 0 ;
}
/*
* Use 1024 ns as the unit of measurement since it ' s a reasonable
* approximation of 1 us and fast to compute .
*/
delta >>= 10 ;
if (!delta)
return 0 ;
sa->last_update_time += delta << 10 ;
/*
* running is a subset of runnable ( weight ) so running can ' t be set if
* runnable is clear . But there are some corner cases where the current
* se has been already dequeued but cfs_rq - > curr still points to it .
* This means that weight will be 0 but not running for a sched_entity
* but also for a cfs_rq if the latter becomes idle . As an example ,
* this happens during sched_balance_newidle ( ) which calls
* sched_balance_update_blocked_averages ( ) .
*
* Also see the comment in accumulate_sum ( ) .
*/
if (!load)
runnable = running = 0 ;
/*
* Now we know we crossed measurement unit boundaries . The * _ avg
* accrues by two steps :
*
* Step 1 : accumulate * _ sum since last_update_time . If we haven ' t
* crossed period boundaries , finish .
*/
if (!accumulate_sum(delta, sa, load, runnable, running))
return 0 ;
return 1 ;
}
/*
* When syncing * _ avg with * _ sum , we must take into account the current
* position in the PELT segment otherwise the remaining part of the segment
* will be considered as idle time whereas it ' s not yet elapsed and this will
* generate unwanted oscillation in the range [ 1002 . . 1024 [ .
*
* The max value of * _ sum varies with the position in the time segment and is
* equals to :
*
* LOAD_AVG_MAX * y + sa - > period_contrib
*
* which can be simplified into :
*
* LOAD_AVG_MAX - 1024 + sa - > period_contrib
*
* because LOAD_AVG_MAX * y = = LOAD_AVG_MAX - 1024
*
* The same care must be taken when a sched entity is added , updated or
* removed from a cfs_rq and we need to update sched_avg . Scheduler entities
* and the cfs rq , to which they are attached , have the same position in the
* time segment because they use the same clock . This means that we can use
* the period_contrib of cfs_rq when updating the sched_avg of a sched_entity
* if it ' s more convenient .
*/
static __always_inline void
___update_load_avg(struct sched_avg *sa, unsigned long load)
{
u32 divider = get_pelt_divider(sa);
/*
* Step 2 : update * _ avg .
*/
sa->load_avg = div_u64(load * sa->load_sum, divider);
sa->runnable_avg = div_u64(sa->runnable_sum, divider);
WRITE_ONCE(sa->util_avg, sa->util_sum / divider);
}
/*
* sched_entity :
*
* task :
* se_weight ( ) = se - > load . weight
* se_runnable ( ) = ! ! on_rq
*
* group : [ see update_cfs_group ( ) ]
* se_weight ( ) = tg - > weight * grq - > load_avg / tg - > load_avg
* se_runnable ( ) = grq - > h_nr_runnable
*
* runnable_sum = se_runnable ( ) * runnable = grq - > runnable_sum
* runnable_avg = runnable_sum
*
* load_sum : = runnable
* load_avg = se_weight ( se ) * load_sum
*
* cfq_rq :
*
* runnable_sum = \ Sum se - > avg . runnable_sum
* runnable_avg = \ Sum se - > avg . runnable_avg
*
* load_sum = \ Sum se_weight ( se ) * se - > avg . load_sum
* load_avg = \ Sum se - > avg . load_avg
*/
int __update_load_avg_blocked_se(u64 now, struct sched_entity *se)
{
if (___update_load_sum(now, &se->avg, 0 , 0 , 0 )) {
___update_load_avg(&se->avg, se_weight(se));
trace_pelt_se_tp(se);
return 1 ;
}
return 0 ;
}
int __update_load_avg_se(u64 now, struct cfs_rq *cfs_rq, struct sched_entity *se)
{
if (___update_load_sum(now, &se->avg, !!se->on_rq, se_runnable(se),
cfs_rq->curr == se)) {
___update_load_avg(&se->avg, se_weight(se));
cfs_se_util_change(&se->avg);
trace_pelt_se_tp(se);
return 1 ;
}
return 0 ;
}
int __update_load_avg_cfs_rq(u64 now, struct cfs_rq *cfs_rq)
{
if (___update_load_sum(now, &cfs_rq->avg,
scale_load_down(cfs_rq->load.weight),
cfs_rq->h_nr_runnable,
cfs_rq->curr != NULL)) {
___update_load_avg(&cfs_rq->avg, 1 );
trace_pelt_cfs_tp(cfs_rq);
return 1 ;
}
return 0 ;
}
/*
* rt_rq :
*
* util_sum = \ Sum se - > avg . util_sum but se - > avg . util_sum is not tracked
* util_sum = cpu_scale * load_sum
* runnable_sum = util_sum
*
* load_avg and runnable_avg are not supported and meaningless .
*
*/
int update_rt_rq_load_avg(u64 now, struct rq *rq, int running)
{
if (___update_load_sum(now, &rq->avg_rt,
running,
running,
running)) {
___update_load_avg(&rq->avg_rt, 1 );
trace_pelt_rt_tp(rq);
return 1 ;
}
return 0 ;
}
/*
* dl_rq :
*
* util_sum = \ Sum se - > avg . util_sum but se - > avg . util_sum is not tracked
* util_sum = cpu_scale * load_sum
* runnable_sum = util_sum
*
* load_avg and runnable_avg are not supported and meaningless .
*
*/
int update_dl_rq_load_avg(u64 now, struct rq *rq, int running)
{
if (___update_load_sum(now, &rq->avg_dl,
running,
running,
running)) {
___update_load_avg(&rq->avg_dl, 1 );
trace_pelt_dl_tp(rq);
return 1 ;
}
return 0 ;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_SCHED_HW_PRESSURE
/*
* hardware :
*
* load_sum = \ Sum se - > avg . load_sum but se - > avg . load_sum is not tracked
*
* util_avg and runnable_load_avg are not supported and meaningless .
*
* Unlike rt / dl utilization tracking that track time spent by a cpu
* running a rt / dl task through util_avg , the average HW pressure is
* tracked through load_avg . This is because HW pressure signal is
* time weighted " delta " capacity unlike util_avg which is binary .
* " delta capacity " = actual capacity -
* capped capacity a cpu due to a HW event .
*/
int update_hw_load_avg(u64 now, struct rq *rq, u64 capacity)
{
if (___update_load_sum(now, &rq->avg_hw,
capacity,
capacity,
capacity)) {
___update_load_avg(&rq->avg_hw, 1 );
trace_pelt_hw_tp(rq);
return 1 ;
}
return 0 ;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_SCHED_HW_PRESSURE */
#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_SCHED_AVG_IRQ
/*
* IRQ :
*
* util_sum = \ Sum se - > avg . util_sum but se - > avg . util_sum is not tracked
* util_sum = cpu_scale * load_sum
* runnable_sum = util_sum
*
* load_avg and runnable_avg are not supported and meaningless .
*
*/
int update_irq_load_avg(struct rq *rq, u64 running)
{
int ret = 0 ;
/*
* We can ' t use clock_pelt because IRQ time is not accounted in
* clock_task . Instead we directly scale the running time to
* reflect the real amount of computation
*/
running = cap_scale(running, arch_scale_freq_capacity(cpu_of(rq)));
running = cap_scale(running, arch_scale_cpu_capacity(cpu_of(rq)));
/*
* We know the time that has been used by interrupt since last update
* but we don ' t when . Let be pessimistic and assume that interrupt has
* happened just before the update . This is not so far from reality
* because interrupt will most probably wake up task and trig an update
* of rq clock during which the metric is updated .
* We start to decay with normal context time and then we add the
* interrupt context time .
* We can safely remove running from rq - > clock because
* rq - > clock + = delta with delta > = running
*/
ret = ___update_load_sum(rq->clock - running, &rq->avg_irq,
0 ,
0 ,
0 );
ret += ___update_load_sum(rq->clock, &rq->avg_irq,
1 ,
1 ,
1 );
if (ret) {
___update_load_avg(&rq->avg_irq, 1 );
trace_pelt_irq_tp(rq);
}
return ret;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_SCHED_AVG_IRQ */
/*
* Load avg and utiliztion metrics need to be updated periodically and before
* consumption . This function updates the metrics for all subsystems except for
* the fair class . @ rq must be locked and have its clock updated .
*/
bool update_other_load_avgs(struct rq *rq)
{
u64 now = rq_clock_pelt(rq);
const struct sched_class *curr_class = rq->donor->sched_class;
unsigned long hw_pressure = arch_scale_hw_pressure(cpu_of(rq));
lockdep_assert_rq_held(rq);
/* hw_pressure doesn't care about invariance */
return update_rt_rq_load_avg(now, rq, curr_class == &rt_sched_class) |
update_dl_rq_load_avg(now, rq, curr_class == &dl_sched_class) |
update_hw_load_avg(rq_clock_task(rq), rq, hw_pressure) |
update_irq_load_avg(rq, 0 );
}
Messung V0.5 in Prozent C=94 H=100 G=96
¤ Dauer der Verarbeitung: 0.15 Sekunden
(vorverarbeitet am 2026-09-29)
¤
*© Formatika GbR, Deutschland