// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+
/*
* User - space Probes ( UProbes )
*
* Copyright ( C ) IBM Corporation , 2008 - 2012
* Authors :
* Srikar Dronamraju
* Jim Keniston
* Copyright ( C ) 2011 - 2012 Red Hat , Inc . , Peter Zijlstra
*/
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/highmem.h>
#include <linux/pagemap.h> /* read_mapping_page */
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/sched/mm.h>
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/rmap.h> /* anon_vma_prepare */
#include <linux/mmu_notifier.h>
#include <linux/swap.h> /* folio_free_swap */
#include <linux/ptrace.h> /* user_enable_single_step */
#include <linux/kdebug.h> /* notifier mechanism */
#include <linux/percpu-rwsem.h>
#include <linux/task_work.h>
#include <linux/shmem_fs.h>
#include <linux/khugepaged.h>
#include <linux/rcupdate_trace.h>
#include <linux/workqueue.h>
#include <linux/srcu.h>
#include <linux/oom.h> /* check_stable_address_space */
#include <linux/pagewalk.h>
#include <linux/uprobes.h>
#define UINSNS_PER_PAGE (PAGE_SIZE/UPROBE_XOL_SLOT_BYTES)
#define MAX_UPROBE_XOL_SLOTS UINSNS_PER_PAGE
static struct rb_root uprobes_tree = RB_ROOT;
/*
* allows us to skip the uprobe_mmap if there are no uprobe events active
* at this time . Probably a fine grained per inode count is better ?
*/
#define no_uprobe_events() RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&uprobes_tree)
static DEFINE_RWLOCK(uprobes_treelock); /* serialize rbtree access */
static seqcount_rwlock_t uprobes_seqcount = SEQCNT_RWLOCK_ZERO(uprobes_seqcount, &uprobes_treelock);
#define UPROBES_HASH_SZ 13
/* serialize uprobe->pending_list */
static struct mutex uprobes_mmap_mutex[UPROBES_HASH_SZ];
#define uprobes_mmap_hash(v) (&uprobes_mmap_mutex[((unsigned long )(v)) % UPROBES_HASH_SZ])
DEFINE_STATIC_PERCPU_RWSEM(dup_mmap_sem);
/* Covers return_instance's uprobe lifetime. */
DEFINE_STATIC_SRCU(uretprobes_srcu);
/* Have a copy of original instruction */
#define UPROBE_COPY_INSN 0
struct uprobe {
struct rb_node rb_node; /* node in the rb tree */
refcount_t ref;
struct rw_semaphore register_rwsem;
struct rw_semaphore consumer_rwsem;
struct list_head pending_list;
struct list_head consumers;
struct inode *inode; /* Also hold a ref to inode */
union {
struct rcu_head rcu;
struct work_struct work;
};
loff_t offset;
loff_t ref_ctr_offset;
unsigned long flags; /* "unsigned long" so bitops work */
/*
* The generic code assumes that it has two members of unknown type
* owned by the arch - specific code :
*
* insn - copy_insn ( ) saves the original instruction here for
* arch_uprobe_analyze_insn ( ) .
*
* ixol - potentially modified instruction to execute out of
* line , copied to xol_area by xol_get_insn_slot ( ) .
*/
struct arch_uprobe arch;
};
struct delayed_uprobe {
struct list_head list;
struct uprobe *uprobe;
struct mm_struct *mm;
};
static DEFINE_MUTEX(delayed_uprobe_lock);
static LIST_HEAD(delayed_uprobe_list);
/*
* Execute out of line area : anonymous executable mapping installed
* by the probed task to execute the copy of the original instruction
* mangled by set_swbp ( ) .
*
* On a breakpoint hit , thread contests for a slot . It frees the
* slot after singlestep . Currently a fixed number of slots are
* allocated .
*/
struct xol_area {
wait_queue_head_t wq; /* if all slots are busy */
unsigned long *bitmap; /* 0 = free slot */
struct page *page;
/*
* We keep the vma ' s vm_start rather than a pointer to the vma
* itself . The probed process or a naughty kernel module could make
* the vma go away , and we must handle that reasonably gracefully .
*/
unsigned long vaddr; /* Page(s) of instruction slots */
};
static void uprobe_warn(struct task_struct *t, const char *msg)
{
pr_warn("uprobe: %s:%d failed to %s\n" , t->comm, t->pid, msg);
}
/*
* valid_vma : Verify if the specified vma is an executable vma
* Relax restrictions while unregistering : vm_flags might have
* changed after breakpoint was inserted .
* - is_register : indicates if we are in register context .
* - Return 1 if the specified virtual address is in an
* executable vma .
*/
static bool valid_vma(struct vm_area_struct *vma, bool is_register)
{
vm_flags_t flags = VM_HUGETLB | VM_MAYEXEC | VM_MAYSHARE;
if (is_register)
flags |= VM_WRITE;
return vma->vm_file && (vma->vm_flags & flags) == VM_MAYEXEC;
}
static unsigned long offset_to_vaddr(struct vm_area_struct *vma, loff_t offset)
{
return vma->vm_start + offset - ((loff_t)vma->vm_pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT);
}
static loff_t vaddr_to_offset(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long vaddr)
{
return ((loff_t)vma->vm_pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT) + (vaddr - vma->vm_start);
}
/**
* is_swbp_insn - check if instruction is breakpoint instruction .
* @ insn : instruction to be checked .
* Default implementation of is_swbp_insn
* Returns true if @ insn is a breakpoint instruction .
*/
bool __weak is_swbp_insn(uprobe_opcode_t *insn)
{
return *insn == UPROBE_SWBP_INSN;
}
/**
* is_trap_insn - check if instruction is breakpoint instruction .
* @ insn : instruction to be checked .
* Default implementation of is_trap_insn
* Returns true if @ insn is a breakpoint instruction .
*
* This function is needed for the case where an architecture has multiple
* trap instructions ( like powerpc ) .
*/
bool __weak is_trap_insn(uprobe_opcode_t *insn)
{
return is_swbp_insn(insn);
}
static void copy_from_page(struct page *page, unsigned long vaddr, void *dst, int len)
{
void *kaddr = kmap_atomic(page);
memcpy(dst, kaddr + (vaddr & ~PAGE_MASK), len);
kunmap_atomic(kaddr);
}
static void copy_to_page(struct page *page, unsigned long vaddr, const void *src, int len)
{
void *kaddr = kmap_atomic(page);
memcpy(kaddr + (vaddr & ~PAGE_MASK), src, len);
kunmap_atomic(kaddr);
}
static int verify_opcode(struct page *page, unsigned long vaddr, uprobe_opcode_t *new_opcode)
{
uprobe_opcode_t old_opcode;
bool is_swbp;
/*
* Note : We only check if the old_opcode is UPROBE_SWBP_INSN here .
* We do not check if it is any other ' trap variant ' which could
* be conditional trap instruction such as the one powerpc supports .
*
* The logic is that we do not care if the underlying instruction
* is a trap variant ; uprobes always wins over any other ( gdb )
* breakpoint .
*/
copy_from_page(page, vaddr, &old_opcode, UPROBE_SWBP_INSN_SIZE);
is_swbp = is_swbp_insn(&old_opcode);
if (is_swbp_insn(new_opcode)) {
if (is_swbp) /* register: already installed? */
return 0 ;
} else {
if (!is_swbp) /* unregister: was it changed by us? */
return 0 ;
}
return 1 ;
}
static struct delayed_uprobe *
delayed_uprobe_check(struct uprobe *uprobe, struct mm_struct *mm)
{
struct delayed_uprobe *du;
list_for_each_entry(du, &delayed_uprobe_list, list)
if (du->uprobe == uprobe && du->mm == mm)
return du;
return NULL;
}
static int delayed_uprobe_add(struct uprobe *uprobe, struct mm_struct *mm)
{
struct delayed_uprobe *du;
if (delayed_uprobe_check(uprobe, mm))
return 0 ;
du = kzalloc(sizeof (*du), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!du)
return -ENOMEM;
du->uprobe = uprobe;
du->mm = mm;
list_add(&du->list, &delayed_uprobe_list);
return 0 ;
}
static void delayed_uprobe_delete(struct delayed_uprobe *du)
{
if (WARN_ON(!du))
return ;
list_del(&du->list);
kfree(du);
}
static void delayed_uprobe_remove(struct uprobe *uprobe, struct mm_struct *mm)
{
struct list_head *pos, *q;
struct delayed_uprobe *du;
if (!uprobe && !mm)
return ;
list_for_each_safe(pos, q, &delayed_uprobe_list) {
du = list_entry(pos, struct delayed_uprobe, list);
if (uprobe && du->uprobe != uprobe)
continue ;
if (mm && du->mm != mm)
continue ;
delayed_uprobe_delete(du);
}
}
static bool valid_ref_ctr_vma(struct uprobe *uprobe,
struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
unsigned long vaddr = offset_to_vaddr(vma, uprobe->ref_ctr_offset);
return uprobe->ref_ctr_offset &&
vma->vm_file &&
file_inode(vma->vm_file) == uprobe->inode &&
(vma->vm_flags & (VM_WRITE|VM_SHARED)) == VM_WRITE &&
vma->vm_start <= vaddr &&
vma->vm_end > vaddr;
}
static struct vm_area_struct *
find_ref_ctr_vma(struct uprobe *uprobe, struct mm_struct *mm)
{
VMA_ITERATOR(vmi, mm, 0 );
struct vm_area_struct *tmp;
for_each_vma(vmi, tmp)
if (valid_ref_ctr_vma(uprobe, tmp))
return tmp;
return NULL;
}
static int
__update_ref_ctr(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long vaddr, short d)
{
void *kaddr;
struct page *page;
int ret;
short *ptr;
if (!vaddr || !d)
return -EINVAL;
ret = get_user_pages_remote(mm, vaddr, 1 ,
FOLL_WRITE, &page, NULL);
if (unlikely(ret <= 0 )) {
/*
* We are asking for 1 page . If get_user_pages_remote ( ) fails ,
* it may return 0 , in that case we have to return error .
*/
return ret == 0 ? -EBUSY : ret;
}
kaddr = kmap_atomic(page);
ptr = kaddr + (vaddr & ~PAGE_MASK);
if (unlikely(*ptr + d < 0 )) {
pr_warn("ref_ctr going negative. vaddr: 0x%lx, "
"curr val: %d, delta: %d\n" , vaddr, *ptr, d);
ret = -EINVAL;
goto out;
}
*ptr += d;
ret = 0 ;
out:
kunmap_atomic(kaddr);
put_page(page);
return ret;
}
static void update_ref_ctr_warn(struct uprobe *uprobe,
struct mm_struct *mm, short d)
{
pr_warn("ref_ctr %s failed for inode: 0x%lx offset: "
"0x%llx ref_ctr_offset: 0x%llx of mm: 0x%p\n" ,
d > 0 ? "increment" : "decrement" , uprobe->inode->i_ino,
(unsigned long long ) uprobe->offset,
(unsigned long long ) uprobe->ref_ctr_offset, mm);
}
static int update_ref_ctr(struct uprobe *uprobe, struct mm_struct *mm,
short d)
{
struct vm_area_struct *rc_vma;
unsigned long rc_vaddr;
int ret = 0 ;
rc_vma = find_ref_ctr_vma(uprobe, mm);
if (rc_vma) {
rc_vaddr = offset_to_vaddr(rc_vma, uprobe->ref_ctr_offset);
ret = __update_ref_ctr(mm, rc_vaddr, d);
if (ret)
update_ref_ctr_warn(uprobe, mm, d);
if (d > 0 )
return ret;
}
mutex_lock(&delayed_uprobe_lock);
if (d > 0 )
ret = delayed_uprobe_add(uprobe, mm);
else
delayed_uprobe_remove(uprobe, mm);
mutex_unlock(&delayed_uprobe_lock);
return ret;
}
static bool orig_page_is_identical(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned long vaddr, struct page *page, bool *pmd_mappable)
{
const pgoff_t index = vaddr_to_offset(vma, vaddr) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
struct folio *orig_folio = filemap_get_folio(vma->vm_file->f_mapping,
index);
struct page *orig_page;
bool identical;
if (IS_ERR(orig_folio))
return false ;
orig_page = folio_file_page(orig_folio, index);
*pmd_mappable = folio_test_pmd_mappable(orig_folio);
identical = folio_test_uptodate(orig_folio) &&
pages_identical(page, orig_page);
folio_put(orig_folio);
return identical;
}
static int __uprobe_write_opcode(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
struct folio_walk *fw, struct folio *folio,
unsigned long opcode_vaddr, uprobe_opcode_t opcode)
{
const unsigned long vaddr = opcode_vaddr & PAGE_MASK;
const bool is_register = !!is_swbp_insn(&opcode);
bool pmd_mappable;
/* For now, we'll only handle PTE-mapped folios. */
if (fw->level != FW_LEVEL_PTE)
return -EFAULT;
/*
* See can_follow_write_pte ( ) : we ' d actually prefer a writable PTE here ,
* but the VMA might not be writable .
*/
if (!pte_write(fw->pte)) {
if (!PageAnonExclusive(fw->page))
return -EFAULT;
if (unlikely(userfaultfd_pte_wp(vma, fw->pte)))
return -EFAULT;
/* SOFTDIRTY is handled via pte_mkdirty() below. */
}
/*
* We ' ll temporarily unmap the page and flush the TLB , such that we can
* modify the page atomically .
*/
flush_cache_page(vma, vaddr, pte_pfn(fw->pte));
fw->pte = ptep_clear_flush(vma, vaddr, fw->ptep);
copy_to_page(fw->page, opcode_vaddr, &opcode, UPROBE_SWBP_INSN_SIZE);
/*
* When unregistering , we may only zap a PTE if uffd is disabled and
* there are no unexpected folio references . . .
*/
if (is_register || userfaultfd_missing(vma) ||
(folio_ref_count(folio) != folio_expected_ref_count(folio) + 1 ))
goto remap;
/*
* . . . and the mapped page is identical to the original page that
* would get faulted in on next access .
*/
if (!orig_page_is_identical(vma, vaddr, fw->page, &pmd_mappable))
goto remap;
dec_mm_counter(vma->vm_mm, MM_ANONPAGES);
folio_remove_rmap_pte(folio, fw->page, vma);
if (!folio_mapped(folio) && folio_test_swapcache(folio) &&
folio_trylock(folio)) {
folio_free_swap(folio);
folio_unlock(folio);
}
folio_put(folio);
return pmd_mappable;
remap:
/*
* Make sure that our copy_to_page ( ) changes become visible before the
* set_pte_at ( ) write .
*/
smp_wmb();
/* We modified the page. Make sure to mark the PTE dirty. */
set_pte_at(vma->vm_mm, vaddr, fw->ptep, pte_mkdirty(fw->pte));
return 0 ;
}
/*
* NOTE :
* Expect the breakpoint instruction to be the smallest size instruction for
* the architecture . If an arch has variable length instruction and the
* breakpoint instruction is not of the smallest length instruction
* supported by that architecture then we need to modify is_trap_at_addr and
* uprobe_write_opcode accordingly . This would never be a problem for archs
* that have fixed length instructions .
*
* uprobe_write_opcode - write the opcode at a given virtual address .
* @ auprobe : arch specific probepoint information .
* @ vma : the probed virtual memory area .
* @ opcode_vaddr : the virtual address to store the opcode .
* @ opcode : opcode to be written at @ opcode_vaddr .
*
* Called with mm - > mmap_lock held for read or write .
* Return 0 ( success ) or a negative errno .
*/
int uprobe_write_opcode(struct arch_uprobe *auprobe, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
const unsigned long opcode_vaddr, uprobe_opcode_t opcode)
{
const unsigned long vaddr = opcode_vaddr & PAGE_MASK;
struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
struct uprobe *uprobe;
int ret, is_register, ref_ctr_updated = 0 ;
unsigned int gup_flags = FOLL_FORCE;
struct mmu_notifier_range range;
struct folio_walk fw;
struct folio *folio;
struct page *page;
is_register = is_swbp_insn(&opcode);
uprobe = container_of(auprobe, struct uprobe, arch);
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!is_cow_mapping(vma->vm_flags)))
return -EINVAL;
/*
* When registering , we have to break COW to get an exclusive anonymous
* page that we can safely modify . Use FOLL_WRITE to trigger a write
* fault if required . When unregistering , we might be lucky and the
* anon page is already gone . So defer write faults until really
* required . Use FOLL_SPLIT_PMD , because _ _ uprobe_write_opcode ( )
* cannot deal with PMDs yet .
*/
if (is_register)
gup_flags |= FOLL_WRITE | FOLL_SPLIT_PMD;
retry:
ret = get_user_pages_remote(mm, vaddr, 1 , gup_flags, &page, NULL);
if (ret <= 0 )
goto out;
folio = page_folio(page);
ret = verify_opcode(page, opcode_vaddr, &opcode);
if (ret <= 0 ) {
folio_put(folio);
goto out;
}
/* We are going to replace instruction, update ref_ctr. */
if (!ref_ctr_updated && uprobe->ref_ctr_offset) {
ret = update_ref_ctr(uprobe, mm, is_register ? 1 : -1 );
if (ret) {
folio_put(folio);
goto out;
}
ref_ctr_updated = 1 ;
}
ret = 0 ;
if (unlikely(!folio_test_anon(folio) || folio_is_zone_device(folio))) {
VM_WARN_ON_ONCE(is_register);
folio_put(folio);
goto out;
}
if (!is_register) {
/*
* In the common case , we ' ll be able to zap the page when
* unregistering . So trigger MMU notifiers now , as we won ' t
* be able to do it under PTL .
*/
mmu_notifier_range_init(&range, MMU_NOTIFY_CLEAR, 0 , mm,
vaddr, vaddr + PAGE_SIZE);
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_start(&range);
}
ret = -EAGAIN;
/* Walk the page tables again, to perform the actual update. */
if (folio_walk_start(&fw, vma, vaddr, 0 )) {
if (fw.page == page)
ret = __uprobe_write_opcode(vma, &fw, folio, opcode_vaddr, opcode);
folio_walk_end(&fw, vma);
}
if (!is_register)
mmu_notifier_invalidate_range_end(&range);
folio_put(folio);
switch (ret) {
case -EFAULT:
gup_flags |= FOLL_WRITE | FOLL_SPLIT_PMD;
fallthrough;
case -EAGAIN:
goto retry;
default :
break ;
}
out:
/* Revert back reference counter if instruction update failed. */
if (ret < 0 && ref_ctr_updated)
update_ref_ctr(uprobe, mm, is_register ? -1 : 1 );
/* try collapse pmd for compound page */
if (ret > 0 )
collapse_pte_mapped_thp(mm, vaddr, false );
return ret < 0 ? ret : 0 ;
}
/**
* set_swbp - store breakpoint at a given address .
* @ auprobe : arch specific probepoint information .
* @ vma : the probed virtual memory area .
* @ vaddr : the virtual address to insert the opcode .
*
* For mm @ mm , store the breakpoint instruction at @ vaddr .
* Return 0 ( success ) or a negative errno .
*/
int __weak set_swbp(struct arch_uprobe *auprobe, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned long vaddr)
{
return uprobe_write_opcode(auprobe, vma, vaddr, UPROBE_SWBP_INSN);
}
/**
* set_orig_insn - Restore the original instruction .
* @ vma : the probed virtual memory area .
* @ auprobe : arch specific probepoint information .
* @ vaddr : the virtual address to insert the opcode .
*
* For mm @ mm , restore the original opcode ( opcode ) at @ vaddr .
* Return 0 ( success ) or a negative errno .
*/
int __weak set_orig_insn(struct arch_uprobe *auprobe,
struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long vaddr)
{
return uprobe_write_opcode(auprobe, vma, vaddr,
*(uprobe_opcode_t *)&auprobe->insn);
}
/* uprobe should have guaranteed positive refcount */
static struct uprobe *get_uprobe(struct uprobe *uprobe)
{
refcount_inc(&uprobe->ref);
return uprobe;
}
/*
* uprobe should have guaranteed lifetime , which can be either of :
* - caller already has refcount taken ( and wants an extra one ) ;
* - uprobe is RCU protected and won ' t be freed until after grace period ;
* - we are holding uprobes_treelock ( for read or write , doesn ' t matter ) .
*/
static struct uprobe *try_get_uprobe(struct uprobe *uprobe)
{
if (refcount_inc_not_zero(&uprobe->ref))
return uprobe;
return NULL;
}
static inline bool uprobe_is_active(struct uprobe *uprobe)
{
return !RB_EMPTY_NODE(&uprobe->rb_node);
}
static void uprobe_free_rcu_tasks_trace(struct rcu_head *rcu)
{
struct uprobe *uprobe = container_of(rcu, struct uprobe, rcu);
kfree(uprobe);
}
static void uprobe_free_srcu(struct rcu_head *rcu)
{
struct uprobe *uprobe = container_of(rcu, struct uprobe, rcu);
call_rcu_tasks_trace(&uprobe->rcu, uprobe_free_rcu_tasks_trace);
}
static void uprobe_free_deferred(struct work_struct *work)
{
struct uprobe *uprobe = container_of(work, struct uprobe, work);
write_lock(&uprobes_treelock);
if (uprobe_is_active(uprobe)) {
write_seqcount_begin(&uprobes_seqcount);
rb_erase(&uprobe->rb_node, &uprobes_tree);
write_seqcount_end(&uprobes_seqcount);
}
write_unlock(&uprobes_treelock);
/*
* If application munmap ( exec_vma ) before uprobe_unregister ( )
* gets called , we don ' t get a chance to remove uprobe from
* delayed_uprobe_list from remove_breakpoint ( ) . Do it here .
*/
mutex_lock(&delayed_uprobe_lock);
delayed_uprobe_remove(uprobe, NULL);
mutex_unlock(&delayed_uprobe_lock);
/* start srcu -> rcu_tasks_trace -> kfree chain */
call_srcu(&uretprobes_srcu, &uprobe->rcu, uprobe_free_srcu);
}
static void put_uprobe(struct uprobe *uprobe)
{
if (!refcount_dec_and_test(&uprobe->ref))
return ;
INIT_WORK(&uprobe->work, uprobe_free_deferred);
schedule_work(&uprobe->work);
}
/* Initialize hprobe as SRCU-protected "leased" uprobe */
static void hprobe_init_leased(struct hprobe *hprobe, struct uprobe *uprobe, int srcu_idx)
{
WARN_ON(!uprobe);
hprobe->state = HPROBE_LEASED;
hprobe->uprobe = uprobe;
hprobe->srcu_idx = srcu_idx;
}
/* Initialize hprobe as refcounted ("stable") uprobe (uprobe can be NULL). */
static void hprobe_init_stable(struct hprobe *hprobe, struct uprobe *uprobe)
{
hprobe->state = uprobe ? HPROBE_STABLE : HPROBE_GONE;
hprobe->uprobe = uprobe;
hprobe->srcu_idx = -1 ;
}
/*
* hprobe_consume ( ) fetches hprobe ' s underlying uprobe and detects whether
* uprobe is SRCU protected or is refcounted . hprobe_consume ( ) can be
* used only once for a given hprobe .
*
* Caller has to call hprobe_finalize ( ) and pass previous hprobe_state , so
* that hprobe_finalize ( ) can perform SRCU unlock or put uprobe , whichever
* is appropriate .
*/
static inline struct uprobe *hprobe_consume(struct hprobe *hprobe, enum hprobe_state *hstate)
{
*hstate = xchg(&hprobe->state, HPROBE_CONSUMED);
switch (*hstate) {
case HPROBE_LEASED:
case HPROBE_STABLE:
return hprobe->uprobe;
case HPROBE_GONE: /* uprobe is NULL, no SRCU */
case HPROBE_CONSUMED: /* uprobe was finalized already, do nothing */
return NULL;
default :
WARN(1 , "hprobe invalid state %d" , *hstate);
return NULL;
}
}
/*
* Reset hprobe state and , if hprobe was LEASED , release SRCU lock .
* hprobe_finalize ( ) can only be used from current context after
* hprobe_consume ( ) call ( which determines uprobe and hstate value ) .
*/
static void hprobe_finalize(struct hprobe *hprobe, enum hprobe_state hstate)
{
switch (hstate) {
case HPROBE_LEASED:
__srcu_read_unlock(&uretprobes_srcu, hprobe->srcu_idx);
break ;
case HPROBE_STABLE:
put_uprobe(hprobe->uprobe);
break ;
case HPROBE_GONE:
case HPROBE_CONSUMED:
break ;
default :
WARN(1 , "hprobe invalid state %d" , hstate);
break ;
}
}
/*
* Attempt to switch ( atomically ) uprobe from being SRCU protected ( LEASED )
* to refcounted ( STABLE ) state . Competes with hprobe_consume ( ) ; only one of
* them can win the race to perform SRCU unlocking . Whoever wins must perform
* SRCU unlock .
*
* Returns underlying valid uprobe or NULL , if there was no underlying uprobe
* to begin with or we failed to bump its refcount and it ' s going away .
*
* Returned non - NULL uprobe can be still safely used within an ongoing SRCU
* locked region . If ` get ` is true , it ' s guaranteed that non - NULL uprobe has
* an extra refcount for caller to assume and use . Otherwise , it ' s not
* guaranteed that returned uprobe has a positive refcount , so caller has to
* attempt try_get_uprobe ( ) , if it needs to preserve uprobe beyond current
* SRCU lock region . See dup_utask ( ) .
*/
static struct uprobe *hprobe_expire(struct hprobe *hprobe, bool get)
{
enum hprobe_state hstate;
/*
* Caller should guarantee that return_instance is not going to be
* freed from under us . This can be achieved either through holding
* rcu_read_lock ( ) or by owning return_instance in the first place .
*
* Underlying uprobe is itself protected from reuse by SRCU , so ensure
* SRCU lock is held properly .
*/
lockdep_assert(srcu_read_lock_held(&uretprobes_srcu));
hstate = READ_ONCE(hprobe->state);
switch (hstate) {
case HPROBE_STABLE:
/* uprobe has positive refcount, bump refcount, if necessary */
return get ? get_uprobe(hprobe->uprobe) : hprobe->uprobe;
case HPROBE_GONE:
/*
* SRCU was unlocked earlier and we didn ' t manage to take
* uprobe refcnt , so it ' s effectively NULL
*/
return NULL;
case HPROBE_CONSUMED:
/*
* uprobe was consumed , so it ' s effectively NULL as far as
* uretprobe processing logic is concerned
*/
return NULL;
case HPROBE_LEASED: {
struct uprobe *uprobe = try_get_uprobe(hprobe->uprobe);
/*
* Try to switch hprobe state , guarding against
* hprobe_consume ( ) or another hprobe_expire ( ) racing with us .
* Note , if we failed to get uprobe refcount , we use special
* HPROBE_GONE state to signal that hprobe - > uprobe shouldn ' t
* be used as it will be freed after SRCU is unlocked .
*/
if (try_cmpxchg(&hprobe->state, &hstate, uprobe ? HPROBE_STABLE : HPROBE_GONE)) {
/* We won the race, we are the ones to unlock SRCU */
__srcu_read_unlock(&uretprobes_srcu, hprobe->srcu_idx);
return get ? get_uprobe(uprobe) : uprobe;
}
/*
* We lost the race , undo refcount bump ( if it ever happened ) ,
* unless caller would like an extra refcount anyways .
*/
if (uprobe && !get)
put_uprobe(uprobe);
/*
* Even if hprobe_consume ( ) or another hprobe_expire ( ) wins
* the state update race and unlocks SRCU from under us , we
* still have a guarantee that underyling uprobe won ' t be
* freed due to ongoing caller ' s SRCU lock region , so we can
* return it regardless . Also , if ` get ` was true , we also have
* an extra ref for the caller to own . This is used in dup_utask ( ) .
*/
return uprobe;
}
default :
WARN(1 , "unknown hprobe state %d" , hstate);
return NULL;
}
}
static __always_inline
int uprobe_cmp(const struct inode *l_inode, const loff_t l_offset,
const struct uprobe *r)
{
if (l_inode < r->inode)
return -1 ;
if (l_inode > r->inode)
return 1 ;
if (l_offset < r->offset)
return -1 ;
if (l_offset > r->offset)
return 1 ;
return 0 ;
}
#define __node_2_uprobe(node) \
rb_entry((node), struct uprobe, rb_node)
struct __uprobe_key {
struct inode *inode;
loff_t offset;
};
static inline int __uprobe_cmp_key(const void *key, const struct rb_node *b)
{
const struct __uprobe_key *a = key;
return uprobe_cmp(a->inode, a->offset, __node_2_uprobe(b));
}
static inline int __uprobe_cmp(struct rb_node *a, const struct rb_node *b)
{
struct uprobe *u = __node_2_uprobe(a);
return uprobe_cmp(u->inode, u->offset, __node_2_uprobe(b));
}
/*
* Assumes being inside RCU protected region .
* No refcount is taken on returned uprobe .
*/
static struct uprobe *find_uprobe_rcu(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset)
{
struct __uprobe_key key = {
.inode = inode,
.offset = offset,
};
struct rb_node *node;
unsigned int seq;
lockdep_assert(rcu_read_lock_trace_held());
do {
seq = read_seqcount_begin(&uprobes_seqcount);
node = rb_find_rcu(&key, &uprobes_tree, __uprobe_cmp_key);
/*
* Lockless RB - tree lookups can result only in false negatives .
* If the element is found , it is correct and can be returned
* under RCU protection . If we find nothing , we need to
* validate that seqcount didn ' t change . If it did , we have to
* try again as we might have missed the element ( false
* negative ) . If seqcount is unchanged , search truly failed .
*/
if (node)
return __node_2_uprobe(node);
} while (read_seqcount_retry(&uprobes_seqcount, seq));
return NULL;
}
/*
* Attempt to insert a new uprobe into uprobes_tree .
*
* If uprobe already exists ( for given inode + offset ) , we just increment
* refcount of previously existing uprobe .
*
* If not , a provided new instance of uprobe is inserted into the tree ( with
* assumed initial refcount = = 1 ) .
*
* In any case , we return a uprobe instance that ends up being in uprobes_tree .
* Caller has to clean up new uprobe instance , if it ended up not being
* inserted into the tree .
*
* We assume that uprobes_treelock is held for writing .
*/
static struct uprobe *__insert_uprobe(struct uprobe *uprobe)
{
struct rb_node *node;
again:
node = rb_find_add_rcu(&uprobe->rb_node, &uprobes_tree, __uprobe_cmp);
if (node) {
struct uprobe *u = __node_2_uprobe(node);
if (!try_get_uprobe(u)) {
rb_erase(node, &uprobes_tree);
RB_CLEAR_NODE(&u->rb_node);
goto again;
}
return u;
}
return uprobe;
}
/*
* Acquire uprobes_treelock and insert uprobe into uprobes_tree
* ( or reuse existing one , see _ _ insert_uprobe ( ) comments above ) .
*/
static struct uprobe *insert_uprobe(struct uprobe *uprobe)
{
struct uprobe *u;
write_lock(&uprobes_treelock);
write_seqcount_begin(&uprobes_seqcount);
u = __insert_uprobe(uprobe);
write_seqcount_end(&uprobes_seqcount);
write_unlock(&uprobes_treelock);
return u;
}
static void
ref_ctr_mismatch_warn(struct uprobe *cur_uprobe, struct uprobe *uprobe)
{
pr_warn("ref_ctr_offset mismatch. inode: 0x%lx offset: 0x%llx "
"ref_ctr_offset(old): 0x%llx ref_ctr_offset(new): 0x%llx\n" ,
uprobe->inode->i_ino, (unsigned long long ) uprobe->offset,
(unsigned long long ) cur_uprobe->ref_ctr_offset,
(unsigned long long ) uprobe->ref_ctr_offset);
}
static struct uprobe *alloc_uprobe(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset,
loff_t ref_ctr_offset)
{
struct uprobe *uprobe, *cur_uprobe;
uprobe = kzalloc(sizeof (struct uprobe), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!uprobe)
return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
uprobe->inode = inode;
uprobe->offset = offset;
uprobe->ref_ctr_offset = ref_ctr_offset;
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&uprobe->consumers);
init_rwsem(&uprobe->register_rwsem);
init_rwsem(&uprobe->consumer_rwsem);
RB_CLEAR_NODE(&uprobe->rb_node);
refcount_set(&uprobe->ref, 1 );
/* add to uprobes_tree, sorted on inode:offset */
cur_uprobe = insert_uprobe(uprobe);
/* a uprobe exists for this inode:offset combination */
if (cur_uprobe != uprobe) {
if (cur_uprobe->ref_ctr_offset != uprobe->ref_ctr_offset) {
ref_ctr_mismatch_warn(cur_uprobe, uprobe);
put_uprobe(cur_uprobe);
kfree(uprobe);
return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
}
kfree(uprobe);
uprobe = cur_uprobe;
}
return uprobe;
}
static void consumer_add(struct uprobe *uprobe, struct uprobe_consumer *uc)
{
static atomic64_t id;
down_write(&uprobe->consumer_rwsem);
list_add_rcu(&uc->cons_node, &uprobe->consumers);
uc->id = (__u64) atomic64_inc_return(&id);
up_write(&uprobe->consumer_rwsem);
}
/*
* For uprobe @ uprobe , delete the consumer @ uc .
* Should never be called with consumer that ' s not part of @ uprobe - > consumers .
*/
static void consumer_del(struct uprobe *uprobe, struct uprobe_consumer *uc)
{
down_write(&uprobe->consumer_rwsem);
list_del_rcu(&uc->cons_node);
up_write(&uprobe->consumer_rwsem);
}
static int __copy_insn(struct address_space *mapping, struct file *filp,
void *insn, int nbytes, loff_t offset)
{
struct page *page;
/*
* Ensure that the page that has the original instruction is populated
* and in page - cache . If - > read_folio = = NULL it must be shmem_mapping ( ) ,
* see uprobe_register ( ) .
*/
if (mapping->a_ops->read_folio)
page = read_mapping_page(mapping, offset >> PAGE_SHIFT, filp);
else
page = shmem_read_mapping_page(mapping, offset >> PAGE_SHIFT);
if (IS_ERR(page))
return PTR_ERR(page);
copy_from_page(page, offset, insn, nbytes);
put_page(page);
return 0 ;
}
static int copy_insn(struct uprobe *uprobe, struct file *filp)
{
struct address_space *mapping = uprobe->inode->i_mapping;
loff_t offs = uprobe->offset;
void *insn = &uprobe->arch.insn;
int size = sizeof (uprobe->arch.insn);
int len, err = -EIO;
/* Copy only available bytes, -EIO if nothing was read */
do {
if (offs >= i_size_read(uprobe->inode))
break ;
len = min_t(int , size, PAGE_SIZE - (offs & ~PAGE_MASK));
err = __copy_insn(mapping, filp, insn, len, offs);
if (err)
break ;
insn += len;
offs += len;
size -= len;
} while (size);
return err;
}
static int prepare_uprobe(struct uprobe *uprobe, struct file *file,
struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long vaddr)
{
int ret = 0 ;
if (test_bit(UPROBE_COPY_INSN, &uprobe->flags))
return ret;
/* TODO: move this into _register, until then we abuse this sem. */
down_write(&uprobe->consumer_rwsem);
if (test_bit(UPROBE_COPY_INSN, &uprobe->flags))
goto out;
ret = copy_insn(uprobe, file);
if (ret)
goto out;
ret = -ENOTSUPP;
if (is_trap_insn((uprobe_opcode_t *)&uprobe->arch.insn))
goto out;
ret = arch_uprobe_analyze_insn(&uprobe->arch, mm, vaddr);
if (ret)
goto out;
smp_wmb(); /* pairs with the smp_rmb() in handle_swbp() */
set_bit(UPROBE_COPY_INSN, &uprobe->flags);
out:
up_write(&uprobe->consumer_rwsem);
return ret;
}
static inline bool consumer_filter(struct uprobe_consumer *uc, struct mm_struct *mm)
{
return !uc->filter || uc->filter(uc, mm);
}
static bool filter_chain(struct uprobe *uprobe, struct mm_struct *mm)
{
struct uprobe_consumer *uc;
bool ret = false ;
down_read(&uprobe->consumer_rwsem);
list_for_each_entry_rcu(uc, &uprobe->consumers, cons_node, rcu_read_lock_trace_held()) {
ret = consumer_filter(uc, mm);
if (ret)
break ;
}
up_read(&uprobe->consumer_rwsem);
return ret;
}
static int install_breakpoint(struct uprobe *uprobe, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned long vaddr)
{
struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
bool first_uprobe;
int ret;
ret = prepare_uprobe(uprobe, vma->vm_file, mm, vaddr);
if (ret)
return ret;
/*
* set MMF_HAS_UPROBES in advance for uprobe_pre_sstep_notifier ( ) ,
* the task can hit this breakpoint right after _ _ replace_page ( ) .
*/
first_uprobe = !test_bit(MMF_HAS_UPROBES, &mm->flags);
if (first_uprobe)
set_bit(MMF_HAS_UPROBES, &mm->flags);
ret = set_swbp(&uprobe->arch, vma, vaddr);
if (!ret)
clear_bit(MMF_RECALC_UPROBES, &mm->flags);
else if (first_uprobe)
clear_bit(MMF_HAS_UPROBES, &mm->flags);
return ret;
}
static int remove_breakpoint(struct uprobe *uprobe, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned long vaddr)
{
struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm;
set_bit(MMF_RECALC_UPROBES, &mm->flags);
return set_orig_insn(&uprobe->arch, vma, vaddr);
}
struct map_info {
struct map_info *next;
struct mm_struct *mm;
unsigned long vaddr;
};
static inline struct map_info *free_map_info(struct map_info *info)
{
struct map_info *next = info->next;
kfree(info);
return next;
}
static struct map_info *
build_map_info(struct address_space *mapping, loff_t offset, bool is_register)
{
unsigned long pgoff = offset >> PAGE_SHIFT;
struct vm_area_struct *vma;
struct map_info *curr = NULL;
struct map_info *prev = NULL;
struct map_info *info;
int more = 0 ;
again:
i_mmap_lock_read(mapping);
vma_interval_tree_foreach(vma, &mapping->i_mmap, pgoff, pgoff) {
if (!valid_vma(vma, is_register))
continue ;
if (!prev && !more) {
/*
* Needs GFP_NOWAIT to avoid i_mmap_rwsem recursion through
* reclaim . This is optimistic , no harm done if it fails .
*/
prev = kmalloc(sizeof (struct map_info),
GFP_NOWAIT | __GFP_NOMEMALLOC | __GFP_NOWARN);
if (prev)
prev->next = NULL;
}
if (!prev) {
more++;
continue ;
}
if (!mmget_not_zero(vma->vm_mm))
continue ;
info = prev;
prev = prev->next;
info->next = curr;
curr = info;
info->mm = vma->vm_mm;
info->vaddr = offset_to_vaddr(vma, offset);
}
i_mmap_unlock_read(mapping);
if (!more)
goto out;
prev = curr;
while (curr) {
mmput(curr->mm);
curr = curr->next;
}
do {
info = kmalloc(sizeof (struct map_info), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!info) {
curr = ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
goto out;
}
info->next = prev;
prev = info;
} while (--more);
goto again;
out:
while (prev)
prev = free_map_info(prev);
return curr;
}
static int
register_for_each_vma(struct uprobe *uprobe, struct uprobe_consumer *new )
{
bool is_register = !!new ;
struct map_info *info;
int err = 0 ;
percpu_down_write(&dup_mmap_sem);
info = build_map_info(uprobe->inode->i_mapping,
uprobe->offset, is_register);
if (IS_ERR(info)) {
err = PTR_ERR(info);
goto out;
}
while (info) {
struct mm_struct *mm = info->mm;
struct vm_area_struct *vma;
if (err && is_register)
goto free;
/*
* We take mmap_lock for writing to avoid the race with
* find_active_uprobe_rcu ( ) which takes mmap_lock for reading .
* Thus this install_breakpoint ( ) can not make
* is_trap_at_addr ( ) true right after find_uprobe_rcu ( )
* returns NULL in find_active_uprobe_rcu ( ) .
*/
mmap_write_lock(mm);
if (check_stable_address_space(mm))
goto unlock;
vma = find_vma(mm, info->vaddr);
if (!vma || !valid_vma(vma, is_register) ||
file_inode(vma->vm_file) != uprobe->inode)
goto unlock;
if (vma->vm_start > info->vaddr ||
vaddr_to_offset(vma, info->vaddr) != uprobe->offset)
goto unlock;
if (is_register) {
/* consult only the "caller", new consumer. */
if (consumer_filter(new , mm))
err = install_breakpoint(uprobe, vma, info->vaddr);
} else if (test_bit(MMF_HAS_UPROBES, &mm->flags)) {
if (!filter_chain(uprobe, mm))
err |= remove_breakpoint(uprobe, vma, info->vaddr);
}
unlock:
mmap_write_unlock(mm);
free:
mmput(mm);
info = free_map_info(info);
}
out:
percpu_up_write(&dup_mmap_sem);
return err;
}
/**
* uprobe_unregister_nosync - unregister an already registered probe .
* @ uprobe : uprobe to remove
* @ uc : identify which probe if multiple probes are colocated .
*/
void uprobe_unregister_nosync(struct uprobe *uprobe, struct uprobe_consumer *uc)
{
int err;
down_write(&uprobe->register_rwsem);
consumer_del(uprobe, uc);
err = register_for_each_vma(uprobe, NULL);
up_write(&uprobe->register_rwsem);
/* TODO : cant unregister? schedule a worker thread */
if (unlikely(err)) {
uprobe_warn(current, "unregister, leaking uprobe" );
return ;
}
put_uprobe(uprobe);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(uprobe_unregister_nosync);
void uprobe_unregister_sync(void )
{
/*
* Now that handler_chain ( ) and handle_uretprobe_chain ( ) iterate over
* uprobe - > consumers list under RCU protection without holding
* uprobe - > register_rwsem , we need to wait for RCU grace period to
* make sure that we can ' t call into just unregistered
* uprobe_consumer ' s callbacks anymore . If we don ' t do that , fast and
* unlucky enough caller can free consumer ' s memory and cause
* handler_chain ( ) or handle_uretprobe_chain ( ) to do an use - after - free .
*/
synchronize_rcu_tasks_trace();
synchronize_srcu(&uretprobes_srcu);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(uprobe_unregister_sync);
/**
* uprobe_register - register a probe
* @ inode : the file in which the probe has to be placed .
* @ offset : offset from the start of the file .
* @ ref_ctr_offset : offset of SDT marker / reference counter
* @ uc : information on howto handle the probe . .
*
* Apart from the access refcount , uprobe_register ( ) takes a creation
* refcount ( thro alloc_uprobe ) if and only if this @ uprobe is getting
* inserted into the rbtree ( i . e first consumer for a @ inode : @ offset
* tuple ) . Creation refcount stops uprobe_unregister from freeing the
* @ uprobe even before the register operation is complete . Creation
* refcount is released when the last @ uc for the @ uprobe
* unregisters . Caller of uprobe_register ( ) is required to keep @ inode
* ( and the containing mount ) referenced .
*
* Return : pointer to the new uprobe on success or an ERR_PTR on failure .
*/
struct uprobe *uprobe_register(struct inode *inode,
loff_t offset, loff_t ref_ctr_offset,
struct uprobe_consumer *uc)
{
struct uprobe *uprobe;
int ret;
/* Uprobe must have at least one set consumer */
if (!uc->handler && !uc->ret_handler)
return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
/* copy_insn() uses read_mapping_page() or shmem_read_mapping_page() */
if (!inode->i_mapping->a_ops->read_folio &&
!shmem_mapping(inode->i_mapping))
return ERR_PTR(-EIO);
/* Racy, just to catch the obvious mistakes */
if (offset > i_size_read(inode))
return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
/*
* This ensures that copy_from_page ( ) , copy_to_page ( ) and
* _ _ update_ref_ctr ( ) can ' t cross page boundary .
*/
if (!IS_ALIGNED(offset, UPROBE_SWBP_INSN_SIZE))
return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
if (!IS_ALIGNED(ref_ctr_offset, sizeof (short )))
return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
uprobe = alloc_uprobe(inode, offset, ref_ctr_offset);
if (IS_ERR(uprobe))
return uprobe;
down_write(&uprobe->register_rwsem);
consumer_add(uprobe, uc);
ret = register_for_each_vma(uprobe, uc);
up_write(&uprobe->register_rwsem);
if (ret) {
uprobe_unregister_nosync(uprobe, uc);
/*
* Registration might have partially succeeded , so we can have
* this consumer being called right at this time . We need to
* sync here . It ' s ok , it ' s unlikely slow path .
*/
uprobe_unregister_sync();
return ERR_PTR(ret);
}
return uprobe;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(uprobe_register);
/**
* uprobe_apply - add or remove the breakpoints according to @ uc - > filter
* @ uprobe : uprobe which " owns " the breakpoint
* @ uc : consumer which wants to add more or remove some breakpoints
* @ add : add or remove the breakpoints
* Return : 0 on success or negative error code .
*/
int uprobe_apply(struct uprobe *uprobe, struct uprobe_consumer *uc, bool add)
{
struct uprobe_consumer *con;
int ret = -ENOENT;
down_write(&uprobe->register_rwsem);
rcu_read_lock_trace();
list_for_each_entry_rcu(con, &uprobe->consumers, cons_node, rcu_read_lock_trace_held()) {
if (con == uc) {
ret = register_for_each_vma(uprobe, add ? uc : NULL);
break ;
}
}
rcu_read_unlock_trace();
up_write(&uprobe->register_rwsem);
return ret;
}
static int unapply_uprobe(struct uprobe *uprobe, struct mm_struct *mm)
{
VMA_ITERATOR(vmi, mm, 0 );
struct vm_area_struct *vma;
int err = 0 ;
mmap_read_lock(mm);
for_each_vma(vmi, vma) {
unsigned long vaddr;
loff_t offset;
if (!valid_vma(vma, false ) ||
file_inode(vma->vm_file) != uprobe->inode)
continue ;
offset = (loff_t)vma->vm_pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT;
if (uprobe->offset < offset ||
uprobe->offset >= offset + vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start)
continue ;
vaddr = offset_to_vaddr(vma, uprobe->offset);
err |= remove_breakpoint(uprobe, vma, vaddr);
}
mmap_read_unlock(mm);
return err;
}
static struct rb_node *
find_node_in_range(struct inode *inode, loff_t min, loff_t max)
{
struct rb_node *n = uprobes_tree.rb_node;
while (n) {
struct uprobe *u = rb_entry(n, struct uprobe, rb_node);
if (inode < u->inode) {
n = n->rb_left;
} else if (inode > u->inode) {
n = n->rb_right;
} else {
if (max < u->offset)
n = n->rb_left;
else if (min > u->offset)
n = n->rb_right;
else
break ;
}
}
return n;
}
/*
* For a given range in vma , build a list of probes that need to be inserted .
*/
static void build_probe_list(struct inode *inode,
struct vm_area_struct *vma,
unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
struct list_head *head)
{
loff_t min, max;
struct rb_node *n, *t;
struct uprobe *u;
INIT_LIST_HEAD(head);
min = vaddr_to_offset(vma, start);
max = min + (end - start) - 1 ;
read_lock(&uprobes_treelock);
n = find_node_in_range(inode, min, max);
if (n) {
for (t = n; t; t = rb_prev(t)) {
u = rb_entry(t, struct uprobe, rb_node);
if (u->inode != inode || u->offset < min)
break ;
/* if uprobe went away, it's safe to ignore it */
if (try_get_uprobe(u))
list_add(&u->pending_list, head);
}
for (t = n; (t = rb_next(t)); ) {
u = rb_entry(t, struct uprobe, rb_node);
if (u->inode != inode || u->offset > max)
break ;
/* if uprobe went away, it's safe to ignore it */
if (try_get_uprobe(u))
list_add(&u->pending_list, head);
}
}
read_unlock(&uprobes_treelock);
}
/* @vma contains reference counter, not the probed instruction. */
static int delayed_ref_ctr_inc(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
struct list_head *pos, *q;
struct delayed_uprobe *du;
unsigned long vaddr;
int ret = 0 , err = 0 ;
mutex_lock(&delayed_uprobe_lock);
list_for_each_safe(pos, q, &delayed_uprobe_list) {
du = list_entry(pos, struct delayed_uprobe, list);
if (du->mm != vma->vm_mm ||
!valid_ref_ctr_vma(du->uprobe, vma))
continue ;
vaddr = offset_to_vaddr(vma, du->uprobe->ref_ctr_offset);
ret = __update_ref_ctr(vma->vm_mm, vaddr, 1 );
if (ret) {
update_ref_ctr_warn(du->uprobe, vma->vm_mm, 1 );
if (!err)
err = ret;
}
delayed_uprobe_delete(du);
}
mutex_unlock(&delayed_uprobe_lock);
return err;
}
/*
* Called from mmap_region / vma_merge with mm - > mmap_lock acquired .
*
* Currently we ignore all errors and always return 0 , the callers
* can ' t handle the failure anyway .
*/
int uprobe_mmap(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
struct list_head tmp_list;
struct uprobe *uprobe, *u;
struct inode *inode;
if (no_uprobe_events())
return 0 ;
if (vma->vm_file &&
(vma->vm_flags & (VM_WRITE|VM_SHARED)) == VM_WRITE &&
test_bit(MMF_HAS_UPROBES, &vma->vm_mm->flags))
delayed_ref_ctr_inc(vma);
if (!valid_vma(vma, true ))
return 0 ;
inode = file_inode(vma->vm_file);
if (!inode)
return 0 ;
mutex_lock(uprobes_mmap_hash(inode));
build_probe_list(inode, vma, vma->vm_start, vma->vm_end, &tmp_list);
/*
* We can race with uprobe_unregister ( ) , this uprobe can be already
* removed . But in this case filter_chain ( ) must return false , all
* consumers have gone away .
*/
list_for_each_entry_safe(uprobe, u, &tmp_list, pending_list) {
if (!fatal_signal_pending(current) &&
filter_chain(uprobe, vma->vm_mm)) {
unsigned long vaddr = offset_to_vaddr(vma, uprobe->offset);
install_breakpoint(uprobe, vma, vaddr);
}
put_uprobe(uprobe);
}
mutex_unlock(uprobes_mmap_hash(inode));
return 0 ;
}
static bool
vma_has_uprobes(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
{
loff_t min, max;
struct inode *inode;
struct rb_node *n;
inode = file_inode(vma->vm_file);
min = vaddr_to_offset(vma, start);
max = min + (end - start) - 1 ;
read_lock(&uprobes_treelock);
n = find_node_in_range(inode, min, max);
read_unlock(&uprobes_treelock);
return !!n;
}
/*
* Called in context of a munmap of a vma .
*/
void uprobe_munmap(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
{
if (no_uprobe_events() || !valid_vma(vma, false ))
return ;
if (!atomic_read(&vma->vm_mm->mm_users)) /* called by mmput() ? */
return ;
if (!test_bit(MMF_HAS_UPROBES, &vma->vm_mm->flags) ||
test_bit(MMF_RECALC_UPROBES, &vma->vm_mm->flags))
return ;
if (vma_has_uprobes(vma, start, end))
set_bit(MMF_RECALC_UPROBES, &vma->vm_mm->flags);
}
static vm_fault_t xol_fault(const struct vm_special_mapping *sm,
struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct vm_fault *vmf)
{
struct xol_area *area = vma->vm_mm->uprobes_state.xol_area;
vmf->page = area->page;
get_page(vmf->page);
return 0 ;
}
static int xol_mremap(const struct vm_special_mapping *sm, struct vm_area_struct *new_vma)
{
return -EPERM;
}
static const struct vm_special_mapping xol_mapping = {
.name = "[uprobes]" ,
.fault = xol_fault,
.mremap = xol_mremap,
};
/* Slot allocation for XOL */
static int xol_add_vma(struct mm_struct *mm, struct xol_area *area)
{
struct vm_area_struct *vma;
int ret;
if (mmap_write_lock_killable(mm))
return -EINTR;
if (mm->uprobes_state.xol_area) {
ret = -EALREADY;
goto fail;
}
if (!area->vaddr) {
/* Try to map as high as possible, this is only a hint. */
area->vaddr = get_unmapped_area(NULL, TASK_SIZE - PAGE_SIZE,
PAGE_SIZE, 0 , 0 );
if (IS_ERR_VALUE(area->vaddr)) {
ret = area->vaddr;
goto fail;
}
}
vma = _install_special_mapping(mm, area->vaddr, PAGE_SIZE,
VM_EXEC|VM_MAYEXEC|VM_DONTCOPY|VM_IO|
VM_SEALED_SYSMAP,
&xol_mapping);
if (IS_ERR(vma)) {
ret = PTR_ERR(vma);
goto fail;
}
ret = 0 ;
/* pairs with get_xol_area() */
smp_store_release(&mm->uprobes_state.xol_area, area); /* ^^^ */
fail:
mmap_write_unlock(mm);
return ret;
}
void * __weak arch_uprobe_trampoline(unsigned long *psize)
{
static uprobe_opcode_t insn = UPROBE_SWBP_INSN;
*psize = UPROBE_SWBP_INSN_SIZE;
return &insn;
}
static struct xol_area *__create_xol_area(unsigned long vaddr)
{
struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
unsigned long insns_size;
struct xol_area *area;
void *insns;
area = kzalloc(sizeof (*area), GFP_KERNEL);
if (unlikely(!area))
goto out;
area->bitmap = kcalloc(BITS_TO_LONGS(UINSNS_PER_PAGE), sizeof (long ),
GFP_KERNEL);
if (!area->bitmap)
goto free_area;
area->page = alloc_page(GFP_HIGHUSER | __GFP_ZERO);
if (!area->page)
goto free_bitmap;
area->vaddr = vaddr;
init_waitqueue_head(&area->wq);
/* Reserve the 1st slot for get_trampoline_vaddr() */
set_bit(0 , area->bitmap);
insns = arch_uprobe_trampoline(&insns_size);
arch_uprobe_copy_ixol(area->page, 0 , insns, insns_size);
if (!xol_add_vma(mm, area))
return area;
__free_page(area->page);
free_bitmap:
kfree(area->bitmap);
free_area:
kfree(area);
out:
return NULL;
}
/*
* get_xol_area - Allocate process ' s xol_area if necessary .
* This area will be used for storing instructions for execution out of line .
*
* Returns the allocated area or NULL .
*/
static struct xol_area *get_xol_area(void )
{
struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
struct xol_area *area;
if (!mm->uprobes_state.xol_area)
__create_xol_area(0 );
/* Pairs with xol_add_vma() smp_store_release() */
area = READ_ONCE(mm->uprobes_state.xol_area); /* ^^^ */
return area;
}
/*
* uprobe_clear_state - Free the area allocated for slots .
*/
void uprobe_clear_state(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
struct xol_area *area = mm->uprobes_state.xol_area;
mutex_lock(&delayed_uprobe_lock);
delayed_uprobe_remove(NULL, mm);
mutex_unlock(&delayed_uprobe_lock);
if (!area)
return ;
put_page(area->page);
kfree(area->bitmap);
kfree(area);
}
void uprobe_start_dup_mmap(void )
{
percpu_down_read(&dup_mmap_sem);
}
void uprobe_end_dup_mmap(void )
{
percpu_up_read(&dup_mmap_sem);
}
void uprobe_dup_mmap(struct mm_struct *oldmm, struct mm_struct *newmm)
{
if (test_bit(MMF_HAS_UPROBES, &oldmm->flags)) {
set_bit(MMF_HAS_UPROBES, &newmm->flags);
/* unconditionally, dup_mmap() skips VM_DONTCOPY vmas */
set_bit(MMF_RECALC_UPROBES, &newmm->flags);
}
}
static unsigned long xol_get_slot_nr(struct xol_area *area)
{
unsigned long slot_nr;
slot_nr = find_first_zero_bit(area->bitmap, UINSNS_PER_PAGE);
if (slot_nr < UINSNS_PER_PAGE) {
if (!test_and_set_bit(slot_nr, area->bitmap))
return slot_nr;
}
return UINSNS_PER_PAGE;
}
/*
* xol_get_insn_slot - allocate a slot for xol .
*/
static bool xol_get_insn_slot(struct uprobe *uprobe, struct uprobe_task *utask)
{
struct xol_area *area = get_xol_area();
unsigned long slot_nr;
if (!area)
return false ;
wait_event(area->wq, (slot_nr = xol_get_slot_nr(area)) < UINSNS_PER_PAGE);
utask->xol_vaddr = area->vaddr + slot_nr * UPROBE_XOL_SLOT_BYTES;
arch_uprobe_copy_ixol(area->page, utask->xol_vaddr,
&uprobe->arch.ixol, sizeof (uprobe->arch.ixol));
return true ;
}
/*
* xol_free_insn_slot - free the slot allocated by xol_get_insn_slot ( )
*/
static void xol_free_insn_slot(struct uprobe_task *utask)
{
struct xol_area *area = current->mm->uprobes_state.xol_area;
unsigned long offset = utask->xol_vaddr - area->vaddr;
unsigned int slot_nr;
utask->xol_vaddr = 0 ;
/* xol_vaddr must fit into [area->vaddr, area->vaddr + PAGE_SIZE) */
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(offset >= PAGE_SIZE))
return ;
slot_nr = offset / UPROBE_XOL_SLOT_BYTES;
clear_bit(slot_nr, area->bitmap);
smp_mb__after_atomic(); /* pairs with prepare_to_wait() */
if (waitqueue_active(&area->wq))
wake_up(&area->wq);
}
void __weak arch_uprobe_copy_ixol(struct page *page, unsigned long vaddr,
void *src, unsigned long len)
{
/* Initialize the slot */
copy_to_page(page, vaddr, src, len);
/*
* We probably need flush_icache_user_page ( ) but it needs vma .
* This should work on most of architectures by default . If
* architecture needs to do something different it can define
* its own version of the function .
*/
flush_dcache_page(page);
}
/**
* uprobe_get_swbp_addr - compute address of swbp given post - swbp regs
* @ regs : Reflects the saved state of the task after it has hit a breakpoint
* instruction .
* Return the address of the breakpoint instruction .
*/
unsigned long __weak uprobe_get_swbp_addr(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
return instruction_pointer(regs) - UPROBE_SWBP_INSN_SIZE;
}
unsigned long uprobe_get_trap_addr(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
struct uprobe_task *utask = current->utask;
if (unlikely(utask && utask->active_uprobe))
return utask->vaddr;
return instruction_pointer(regs);
}
static void ri_pool_push(struct uprobe_task *utask, struct return_instance *ri)
{
ri->cons_cnt = 0 ;
ri->next = utask->ri_pool;
utask->ri_pool = ri;
}
static struct return_instance *ri_pool_pop(struct uprobe_task *utask)
{
struct return_instance *ri = utask->ri_pool;
if (likely(ri))
utask->ri_pool = ri->next;
return ri;
}
static void ri_free(struct return_instance *ri)
{
kfree(ri->extra_consumers);
kfree_rcu(ri, rcu);
}
static void free_ret_instance(struct uprobe_task *utask,
struct return_instance *ri, bool cleanup_hprobe)
{
unsigned seq;
if (cleanup_hprobe) {
enum hprobe_state hstate;
(void )hprobe_consume(&ri->hprobe, &hstate);
hprobe_finalize(&ri->hprobe, hstate);
}
/*
* At this point return_instance is unlinked from utask ' s
* return_instances list and this has become visible to ri_timer ( ) .
* If seqcount now indicates that ri_timer ' s return instance
* processing loop isn ' t active , we can return ri into the pool of
* to - be - reused return instances for future uretprobes . If ri_timer ( )
* happens to be running right now , though , we fallback to safety and
* just perform RCU - delated freeing of ri .
* Admittedly , this is a rather simple use of seqcount , but it nicely
* abstracts away all the necessary memory barriers , so we use
* a well - supported kernel primitive here .
*/
if (raw_seqcount_try_begin(&utask->ri_seqcount, seq)) {
/* immediate reuse of ri without RCU GP is OK */
ri_pool_push(utask, ri);
} else {
/* we might be racing with ri_timer(), so play it safe */
ri_free(ri);
}
}
/*
* Called with no locks held .
* Called in context of an exiting or an exec - ing thread .
*/
void uprobe_free_utask(struct task_struct *t)
{
struct uprobe_task *utask = t->utask;
struct return_instance *ri, *ri_next;
if (!utask)
return ;
t->utask = NULL;
WARN_ON_ONCE(utask->active_uprobe || utask->xol_vaddr);
timer_delete_sync(&utask->ri_timer);
ri = utask->return_instances;
while (ri) {
ri_next = ri->next;
free_ret_instance(utask, ri, true /* cleanup_hprobe */);
ri = ri_next;
}
/* free_ret_instance() above might add to ri_pool, so this loop should come last */
ri = utask->ri_pool;
while (ri) {
ri_next = ri->next;
ri_free(ri);
ri = ri_next;
}
kfree(utask);
}
#define RI_TIMER_PERIOD (HZ / 10 ) /* 100 ms */
#define for_each_ret_instance_rcu(pos, head) \
for (pos = rcu_dereference_raw(head); pos; pos = rcu_dereference_raw(pos->next))
static void ri_timer(struct timer_list *timer)
{
struct uprobe_task *utask = container_of(timer, struct uprobe_task, ri_timer);
struct return_instance *ri;
/* SRCU protects uprobe from reuse for the cmpxchg() inside hprobe_expire(). */
guard(srcu)(&uretprobes_srcu);
/* RCU protects return_instance from freeing. */
guard(rcu)();
/*
* See free_ret_instance ( ) for notes on seqcount use .
* We also employ raw API variants to avoid lockdep false - positive
* warning complaining about enabled preemption . The timer can only be
* invoked once for a uprobe_task . Therefore there can only be one
* writer . The reader does not require an even sequence count to make
* progress , so it is OK to remain preemptible on PREEMPT_RT .
*/
raw_write_seqcount_begin(&utask->ri_seqcount);
for_each_ret_instance_rcu(ri, utask->return_instances)
hprobe_expire(&ri->hprobe, false );
raw_write_seqcount_end(&utask->ri_seqcount);
}
static struct uprobe_task *alloc_utask(void )
{
struct uprobe_task *utask;
utask = kzalloc(sizeof (*utask), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!utask)
return NULL;
timer_setup(&utask->ri_timer, ri_timer, 0 );
seqcount_init(&utask->ri_seqcount);
return utask;
}
/*
* Allocate a uprobe_task object for the task if necessary .
* Called when the thread hits a breakpoint .
*
* Returns :
* - pointer to new uprobe_task on success
* - NULL otherwise
*/
static struct uprobe_task *get_utask(void )
{
if (!current->utask)
current->utask = alloc_utask();
return current->utask;
}
static struct return_instance *alloc_return_instance(struct uprobe_task *utask)
{
struct return_instance *ri;
ri = ri_pool_pop(utask);
if (ri)
return ri;
ri = kzalloc(sizeof (*ri), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!ri)
return ZERO_SIZE_PTR;
return ri;
}
static struct return_instance *dup_return_instance(struct return_instance *old)
{
struct return_instance *ri;
ri = kmemdup(old, sizeof (*ri), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!ri)
return NULL;
if (unlikely(old->cons_cnt > 1 )) {
ri->extra_consumers = kmemdup(old->extra_consumers,
sizeof (ri->extra_consumers[0 ]) * (old->cons_cnt - 1 ),
GFP_KERNEL);
if (!ri->extra_consumers) {
kfree(ri);
return NULL;
}
}
return ri;
}
static int dup_utask(struct task_struct *t, struct uprobe_task *o_utask)
{
struct uprobe_task *n_utask;
struct return_instance **p, *o, *n;
struct uprobe *uprobe;
n_utask = alloc_utask();
if (!n_utask)
return -ENOMEM;
t->utask = n_utask;
/* protect uprobes from freeing, we'll need try_get_uprobe() them */
guard(srcu)(&uretprobes_srcu);
p = &n_utask->return_instances;
for (o = o_utask->return_instances; o; o = o->next) {
n = dup_return_instance(o);
if (!n)
return -ENOMEM;
/* if uprobe is non-NULL, we'll have an extra refcount for uprobe */
uprobe = hprobe_expire(&o->hprobe, true );
/*
* New utask will have stable properly refcounted uprobe or
* NULL . Even if we failed to get refcounted uprobe , we still
* need to preserve full set of return_instances for proper
* uretprobe handling and nesting in forked task .
*/
hprobe_init_stable(&n->hprobe, uprobe);
n->next = NULL;
rcu_assign_pointer(*p, n);
p = &n->next;
n_utask->depth++;
}
return 0 ;
}
static void dup_xol_work(struct callback_head *work)
{
if (current->flags & PF_EXITING)
return ;
if (!__create_xol_area(current->utask->dup_xol_addr) &&
!fatal_signal_pending(current))
uprobe_warn(current, "dup xol area" );
}
/*
* Called in context of a new clone / fork from copy_process .
*/
void uprobe_copy_process(struct task_struct *t, unsigned long flags)
{
struct uprobe_task *utask = current->utask;
struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
struct xol_area *area;
t->utask = NULL;
if (!utask || !utask->return_instances)
return ;
if (mm == t->mm && !(flags & CLONE_VFORK))
return ;
if (dup_utask(t, utask))
return uprobe_warn(t, "dup ret instances" );
/* The task can fork() after dup_xol_work() fails */
area = mm->uprobes_state.xol_area;
if (!area)
return uprobe_warn(t, "dup xol area" );
if (mm == t->mm)
return ;
t->utask->dup_xol_addr = area->vaddr;
init_task_work(&t->utask->dup_xol_work, dup_xol_work);
task_work_add(t, &t->utask->dup_xol_work, TWA_RESUME);
}
/*
* Current area - > vaddr notion assume the trampoline address is always
* equal area - > vaddr .
*
* Returns - 1 in case the xol_area is not allocated .
*/
unsigned long uprobe_get_trampoline_vaddr(void )
{
unsigned long trampoline_vaddr = UPROBE_NO_TRAMPOLINE_VADDR;
struct xol_area *area;
/* Pairs with xol_add_vma() smp_store_release() */
area = READ_ONCE(current->mm->uprobes_state.xol_area); /* ^^^ */
if (area)
trampoline_vaddr = area->vaddr;
return trampoline_vaddr;
}
static void cleanup_return_instances(struct uprobe_task *utask, bool chained,
struct pt_regs *regs)
{
struct return_instance *ri = utask->return_instances, *ri_next;
enum rp_check ctx = chained ? RP_CHECK_CHAIN_CALL : RP_CHECK_CALL;
while (ri && !arch_uretprobe_is_alive(ri, ctx, regs)) {
ri_next = ri->next;
rcu_assign_pointer(utask->return_instances, ri_next);
utask->depth--;
free_ret_instance(utask, ri, true /* cleanup_hprobe */);
ri = ri_next;
}
}
static void prepare_uretprobe(struct uprobe *uprobe, struct pt_regs *regs,
struct return_instance *ri)
{
struct uprobe_task *utask = current->utask;
unsigned long orig_ret_vaddr, trampoline_vaddr;
bool chained;
int srcu_idx;
if (!get_xol_area())
goto free;
if (utask->depth >= MAX_URETPROBE_DEPTH) {
printk_ratelimited(KERN_INFO "uprobe: omit uretprobe due to"
" nestedness limit pid/tgid=%d/%d\n" ,
current->pid, current->tgid);
goto free;
}
trampoline_vaddr = uprobe_get_trampoline_vaddr();
orig_ret_vaddr = arch_uretprobe_hijack_return_addr(trampoline_vaddr, regs);
if (orig_ret_vaddr == -1 )
goto free;
/* drop the entries invalidated by longjmp() */
chained = (orig_ret_vaddr == trampoline_vaddr);
cleanup_return_instances(utask, chained, regs);
/*
* We don ' t want to keep trampoline address in stack , rather keep the
* original return address of first caller thru all the consequent
* instances . This also makes breakpoint unwrapping easier .
*/
if (chained) {
if (!utask->return_instances) {
/*
* This situation is not possible . Likely we have an
* attack from user - space .
*/
uprobe_warn(current, "handle tail call" );
goto free;
}
orig_ret_vaddr = utask->return_instances->orig_ret_vaddr;
}
/* __srcu_read_lock() because SRCU lock survives switch to user space */
srcu_idx = __srcu_read_lock(&uretprobes_srcu);
ri->func = instruction_pointer(regs);
ri->stack = user_stack_pointer(regs);
ri->orig_ret_vaddr = orig_ret_vaddr;
ri->chained = chained;
utask->depth++;
hprobe_init_leased(&ri->hprobe, uprobe, srcu_idx);
ri->next = utask->return_instances;
rcu_assign_pointer(utask->return_instances, ri);
mod_timer(&utask->ri_timer, jiffies + RI_TIMER_PERIOD);
return ;
free:
ri_free(ri);
}
/* Prepare to single-step probed instruction out of line. */
static int
pre_ssout(struct uprobe *uprobe, struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long bp_vaddr)
{
struct uprobe_task *utask = current->utask;
int err;
if (!try_get_uprobe(uprobe))
return -EINVAL;
if (!xol_get_insn_slot(uprobe, utask)) {
err = -ENOMEM;
goto err_out;
}
utask->vaddr = bp_vaddr;
err = arch_uprobe_pre_xol(&uprobe->arch, regs);
if (unlikely(err)) {
xol_free_insn_slot(utask);
goto err_out;
}
utask->active_uprobe = uprobe;
utask->state = UTASK_SSTEP;
return 0 ;
err_out:
put_uprobe(uprobe);
return err;
}
/*
* If we are singlestepping , then ensure this thread is not connected to
* non - fatal signals until completion of singlestep . When xol insn itself
* triggers the signal , restart the original insn even if the task is
* already SIGKILL ' ed ( since coredump should report the correct ip ) . This
* is even more important if the task has a handler for SIGSEGV / etc , The
* _ same_ instruction should be repeated again after return from the signal
* handler , and SSTEP can never finish in this case .
*/
bool uprobe_deny_signal(void )
{
struct task_struct *t = current;
struct uprobe_task *utask = t->utask;
if (likely(!utask || !utask->active_uprobe))
return false ;
WARN_ON_ONCE(utask->state != UTASK_SSTEP);
if (task_sigpending(t)) {
utask->signal_denied = true ;
clear_tsk_thread_flag(t, TIF_SIGPENDING);
if (__fatal_signal_pending(t) || arch_uprobe_xol_was_trapped(t)) {
utask->state = UTASK_SSTEP_TRAPPED;
set_tsk_thread_flag(t, TIF_UPROBE);
}
}
return true ;
}
static void mmf_recalc_uprobes(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
VMA_ITERATOR(vmi, mm, 0 );
struct vm_area_struct *vma;
for_each_vma(vmi, vma) {
if (!valid_vma(vma, false ))
continue ;
/*
* This is not strictly accurate , we can race with
* uprobe_unregister ( ) and see the already removed
* uprobe if delete_uprobe ( ) was not yet called .
* Or this uprobe can be filtered out .
*/
if (vma_has_uprobes(vma, vma->vm_start, vma->vm_end))
return ;
}
clear_bit(MMF_HAS_UPROBES, &mm->flags);
}
static int is_trap_at_addr(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long vaddr)
{
struct page *page;
uprobe_opcode_t opcode;
int result;
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!IS_ALIGNED(vaddr, UPROBE_SWBP_INSN_SIZE)))
return -EINVAL;
pagefault_disable();
result = __get_user(opcode, (uprobe_opcode_t __user *)vaddr);
pagefault_enable();
if (likely(result == 0 ))
goto out;
result = get_user_pages(vaddr, 1 , FOLL_FORCE, &page);
if (result < 0 )
return result;
copy_from_page(page, vaddr, &opcode, UPROBE_SWBP_INSN_SIZE);
put_page(page);
out:
/* This needs to return true for any variant of the trap insn */
return is_trap_insn(&opcode);
}
static struct uprobe *find_active_uprobe_speculative(unsigned long bp_vaddr)
{
struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
struct uprobe *uprobe = NULL;
struct vm_area_struct *vma;
struct file *vm_file;
loff_t offset;
unsigned int seq;
guard(rcu)();
if (!mmap_lock_speculate_try_begin(mm, &seq))
return NULL;
vma = vma_lookup(mm, bp_vaddr);
if (!vma)
return NULL;
/*
* vm_file memory can be reused for another instance of struct file ,
* but can ' t be freed from under us , so it ' s safe to read fields from
* it , even if the values are some garbage values ; ultimately
* find_uprobe_rcu ( ) + mmap_lock_speculation_end ( ) check will ensure
* that whatever we speculatively found is correct
*/
vm_file = READ_ONCE(vma->vm_file);
if (!vm_file)
return NULL;
offset = (loff_t)(vma->vm_pgoff << PAGE_SHIFT) + (bp_vaddr - vma->vm_start);
uprobe = find_uprobe_rcu(vm_file->f_inode, offset);
if (!uprobe)
return NULL;
/* now double check that nothing about MM changed */
if (mmap_lock_speculate_retry(mm, seq))
return NULL;
return uprobe;
}
/* assumes being inside RCU protected region */
static struct uprobe *find_active_uprobe_rcu(unsigned long bp_vaddr, int *is_swbp)
{
struct mm_struct *mm = current->mm;
struct uprobe *uprobe = NULL;
struct vm_area_struct *vma;
uprobe = find_active_uprobe_speculative(bp_vaddr);
if (uprobe)
return uprobe;
mmap_read_lock(mm);
vma = vma_lookup(mm, bp_vaddr);
if (vma) {
if (vma->vm_file) {
struct inode *inode = file_inode(vma->vm_file);
loff_t offset = vaddr_to_offset(vma, bp_vaddr);
uprobe = find_uprobe_rcu(inode, offset);
}
if (!uprobe)
*is_swbp = is_trap_at_addr(mm, bp_vaddr);
} else {
*is_swbp = -EFAULT;
}
if (!uprobe && test_and_clear_bit(MMF_RECALC_UPROBES, &mm->flags))
mmf_recalc_uprobes(mm);
mmap_read_unlock(mm);
return uprobe;
}
static struct return_instance *push_consumer(struct return_instance *ri, __u64 id, __u64 cookie)
{
struct return_consumer *ric;
if (unlikely(ri == ZERO_SIZE_PTR))
return ri;
if (unlikely(ri->cons_cnt > 0 )) {
ric = krealloc(ri->extra_consumers, sizeof (*ric) * ri->cons_cnt, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!ric) {
ri_free(ri);
return ZERO_SIZE_PTR;
}
ri->extra_consumers = ric;
}
ric = likely(ri->cons_cnt == 0 ) ? &ri->consumer : &ri->extra_consumers[ri->cons_cnt - 1 ];
ric->id = id;
ric->cookie = cookie;
ri->cons_cnt++;
return ri;
}
static struct return_consumer *
return_consumer_find(struct return_instance *ri, int *iter, int id)
{
struct return_consumer *ric;
int idx;
for (idx = *iter; idx < ri->cons_cnt; idx++)
{
ric = likely(idx == 0 ) ? &ri->consumer : &ri->extra_consumers[idx - 1 ];
if (ric->id == id) {
*iter = idx + 1 ;
return ric;
}
}
return NULL;
}
static bool ignore_ret_handler(int rc)
{
return rc == UPROBE_HANDLER_REMOVE || rc == UPROBE_HANDLER_IGNORE;
}
static void handler_chain(struct uprobe *uprobe, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
struct uprobe_consumer *uc;
bool has_consumers = false , remove = true ;
struct return_instance *ri = NULL;
struct uprobe_task *utask = current->utask;
utask->auprobe = &uprobe->arch;
list_for_each_entry_rcu(uc, &uprobe->consumers, cons_node, rcu_read_lock_trace_held()) {
bool session = uc->handler && uc->ret_handler;
__u64 cookie = 0 ;
int rc = 0 ;
if (uc->handler) {
rc = uc->handler(uc, regs, &cookie);
WARN(rc < 0 || rc > 2 ,
"bad rc=0x%x from %ps()\n" , rc, uc->handler);
}
remove &= rc == UPROBE_HANDLER_REMOVE;
has_consumers = true ;
if (!uc->ret_handler || ignore_ret_handler(rc))
continue ;
if (!ri)
ri = alloc_return_instance(utask);
if (session)
ri = push_consumer(ri, uc->id, cookie);
}
utask->auprobe = NULL;
if (!ZERO_OR_NULL_PTR(ri))
prepare_uretprobe(uprobe, regs, ri);
if (remove && has_consumers) {
down_read(&uprobe->register_rwsem);
/* re-check that removal is still required, this time under lock */
if (!filter_chain(uprobe, current->mm)) {
WARN_ON(!uprobe_is_active(uprobe));
unapply_uprobe(uprobe, current->mm);
}
up_read(&uprobe->register_rwsem);
}
}
static void
handle_uretprobe_chain(struct return_instance *ri, struct uprobe *uprobe, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
struct return_consumer *ric;
struct uprobe_consumer *uc;
int ric_idx = 0 ;
/* all consumers unsubscribed meanwhile */
if (unlikely(!uprobe))
return ;
rcu_read_lock_trace();
list_for_each_entry_rcu(uc, &uprobe->consumers, cons_node, rcu_read_lock_trace_held()) {
bool session = uc->handler && uc->ret_handler;
if (uc->ret_handler) {
ric = return_consumer_find(ri, &ric_idx, uc->id);
if (!session || ric)
uc->ret_handler(uc, ri->func, regs, ric ? &ric->cookie : NULL);
}
}
rcu_read_unlock_trace();
}
static struct return_instance *find_next_ret_chain(struct return_instance *ri)
{
bool chained;
do {
chained = ri->chained;
ri = ri->next; /* can't be NULL if chained */
} while (chained);
return ri;
}
void uprobe_handle_trampoline(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
struct uprobe_task *utask;
struct return_instance *ri, *ri_next, *next_chain;
struct uprobe *uprobe;
enum hprobe_state hstate;
bool valid;
utask = current->utask;
if (!utask)
goto sigill;
ri = utask->return_instances;
if (!ri)
goto sigill;
do {
/*
* We should throw out the frames invalidated by longjmp ( ) .
* If this chain is valid , then the next one should be alive
* or NULL ; the latter case means that nobody but ri - > func
* could hit this trampoline on return . TODO : sigaltstack ( ) .
*/
next_chain = find_next_ret_chain(ri);
valid = !next_chain || arch_uretprobe_is_alive(next_chain, RP_CHECK_RET, regs);
instruction_pointer_set(regs, ri->orig_ret_vaddr);
do {
/* pop current instance from the stack of pending return instances,
* as it ' s not pending anymore : we just fixed up original
* instruction pointer in regs and are about to call handlers ;
* this allows fixup_uretprobe_trampoline_entries ( ) to properly fix up
* captured stack traces from uretprobe handlers , in which pending
* trampoline addresses on the stack are replaced with correct
* original return addresses
*/
ri_next = ri->next;
rcu_assign_pointer(utask->return_instances, ri_next);
utask->depth--;
uprobe = hprobe_consume(&ri->hprobe, &hstate);
if (valid)
handle_uretprobe_chain(ri, uprobe, regs);
hprobe_finalize(&ri->hprobe, hstate);
/* We already took care of hprobe, no need to waste more time on that. */
free_ret_instance(utask, ri, false /* !cleanup_hprobe */);
ri = ri_next;
} while (ri != next_chain);
} while (!valid);
return ;
sigill:
uprobe_warn(current, "handle uretprobe, sending SIGILL." );
force_sig(SIGILL);
}
bool __weak arch_uprobe_ignore(struct arch_uprobe *aup, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
return false ;
}
bool __weak arch_uretprobe_is_alive(struct return_instance *ret, enum rp_check ctx,
struct pt_regs *regs)
{
return true ;
}
/*
* Run handler and ask thread to singlestep .
* Ensure all non - fatal signals cannot interrupt thread while it singlesteps .
*/
static void handle_swbp(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
struct uprobe *uprobe;
unsigned long bp_vaddr;
int is_swbp;
bp_vaddr = uprobe_get_swbp_addr(regs);
if (bp_vaddr == uprobe_get_trampoline_vaddr())
return uprobe_handle_trampoline(regs);
rcu_read_lock_trace();
uprobe = find_active_uprobe_rcu(bp_vaddr, &is_swbp);
if (!uprobe) {
if (is_swbp > 0 ) {
/* No matching uprobe; signal SIGTRAP. */
force_sig(SIGTRAP);
} else {
/*
* Either we raced with uprobe_unregister ( ) or we can ' t
* access this memory . The latter is only possible if
* another thread plays with our - > mm . In both cases
* we can simply restart . If this vma was unmapped we
* can pretend this insn was not executed yet and get
* the ( correct ) SIGSEGV after restart .
*/
instruction_pointer_set(regs, bp_vaddr);
}
goto out;
}
/* change it in advance for ->handler() and restart */
instruction_pointer_set(regs, bp_vaddr);
/*
* TODO : move copy_insn / etc into _ register and remove this hack .
* After we hit the bp , _ unregister + _ register can install the
* new and not - yet - analyzed uprobe at the same address , restart .
*/
if (unlikely(!test_bit(UPROBE_COPY_INSN, &uprobe->flags)))
goto out;
/*
* Pairs with the smp_wmb ( ) in prepare_uprobe ( ) .
*
* Guarantees that if we see the UPROBE_COPY_INSN bit set , then
* we must also see the stores to & uprobe - > arch performed by the
* prepare_uprobe ( ) call .
*/
smp_rmb();
/* Tracing handlers use ->utask to communicate with fetch methods */
if (!get_utask())
goto out;
if (arch_uprobe_ignore(&uprobe->arch, regs))
goto out;
handler_chain(uprobe, regs);
/*
* If user decided to take execution elsewhere , it makes little sense
* to execute the original instruction , so let ' s skip it .
*/
if (instruction_pointer(regs) != bp_vaddr)
goto out;
if (arch_uprobe_skip_sstep(&uprobe->arch, regs))
goto out;
if (pre_ssout(uprobe, regs, bp_vaddr))
goto out;
out:
/* arch_uprobe_skip_sstep() succeeded, or restart if can't singlestep */
rcu_read_unlock_trace();
}
/*
* Perform required fix - ups and disable singlestep .
* Allow pending signals to take effect .
*/
static void handle_singlestep(struct uprobe_task *utask, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
struct uprobe *uprobe;
int err = 0 ;
uprobe = utask->active_uprobe;
if (utask->state == UTASK_SSTEP_ACK)
err = arch_uprobe_post_xol(&uprobe->arch, regs);
else if (utask->state == UTASK_SSTEP_TRAPPED)
arch_uprobe_abort_xol(&uprobe->arch, regs);
else
WARN_ON_ONCE(1 );
put_uprobe(uprobe);
utask->active_uprobe = NULL;
utask->state = UTASK_RUNNING;
xol_free_insn_slot(utask);
if (utask->signal_denied) {
set_thread_flag(TIF_SIGPENDING);
utask->signal_denied = false ;
}
if (unlikely(err)) {
uprobe_warn(current, "execute the probed insn, sending SIGILL." );
force_sig(SIGILL);
}
}
/*
* On breakpoint hit , breakpoint notifier sets the TIF_UPROBE flag and
* allows the thread to return from interrupt . After that handle_swbp ( )
* sets utask - > active_uprobe .
*
* On singlestep exception , singlestep notifier sets the TIF_UPROBE flag
* and allows the thread to return from interrupt .
*
* While returning to userspace , thread notices the TIF_UPROBE flag and calls
* uprobe_notify_resume ( ) .
*/
void uprobe_notify_resume(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
struct uprobe_task *utask;
clear_thread_flag(TIF_UPROBE);
utask = current->utask;
if (utask && utask->active_uprobe)
handle_singlestep(utask, regs);
else
handle_swbp(regs);
}
/*
* uprobe_pre_sstep_notifier gets called from interrupt context as part of
* notifier mechanism . Set TIF_UPROBE flag and indicate breakpoint hit .
*/
int uprobe_pre_sstep_notifier(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
if (!current->mm)
return 0 ;
if (!test_bit(MMF_HAS_UPROBES, ¤t->mm->flags) &&
(!current->utask || !current->utask->return_instances))
return 0 ;
set_thread_flag(TIF_UPROBE);
return 1 ;
}
/*
* uprobe_post_sstep_notifier gets called in interrupt context as part of notifier
* mechanism . Set TIF_UPROBE flag and indicate completion of singlestep .
*/
int uprobe_post_sstep_notifier(struct pt_regs *regs)
{
struct uprobe_task *utask = current->utask;
if (!current->mm || !utask || !utask->active_uprobe)
/* task is currently not uprobed */
return 0 ;
utask->state = UTASK_SSTEP_ACK;
set_thread_flag(TIF_UPROBE);
return 1 ;
}
static struct notifier_block uprobe_exception_nb = {
.notifier_call = arch_uprobe_exception_notify,
.priority = INT_MAX-1 , /* notified after kprobes, kgdb */
};
void __init uprobes_init(void )
{
int i;
for (i = 0 ; i < UPROBES_HASH_SZ; i++)
mutex_init(&uprobes_mmap_mutex[i]);
BUG_ON(register_die_notifier(&uprobe_exception_nb));
}
Messung V0.5 in Prozent C=95 H=90 G=92
¤ Dauer der Verarbeitung: 0.64 Sekunden
(vorverarbeitet am 2026-09-28)
¤
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