// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
* linux / ipc / sem . c
* Copyright ( C ) 1992 Krishna Balasubramanian
* Copyright ( C ) 1995 Eric Schenk , Bruno Haible
*
* / proc / sysvipc / sem support ( c ) 1999 Dragos Acostachioaie < dragos @ iname . com >
*
* SMP - threaded , sysctl ' s added
* ( c ) 1999 Manfred Spraul < manfred @ colorfullife . com >
* Enforced range limit on SEM_UNDO
* ( c ) 2001 Red Hat Inc
* Lockless wakeup
* ( c ) 2003 Manfred Spraul < manfred @ colorfullife . com >
* ( c ) 2016 Davidlohr Bueso < dave @ stgolabs . net >
* Further wakeup optimizations , documentation
* ( c ) 2010 Manfred Spraul < manfred @ colorfullife . com >
*
* support for audit of ipc object properties and permission changes
* Dustin Kirkland < dustin . kirkland @ us . ibm . com >
*
* namespaces support
* OpenVZ , SWsoft Inc .
* Pavel Emelianov < xemul @ openvz . org >
*
* Implementation notes : ( May 2010 )
* This file implements System V semaphores .
*
* User space visible behavior :
* - FIFO ordering for semop ( ) operations ( just FIFO , not starvation
* protection )
* - multiple semaphore operations that alter the same semaphore in
* one semop ( ) are handled .
* - sem_ctime ( time of last semctl ( ) ) is updated in the IPC_SET , SETVAL and
* SETALL calls .
* - two Linux specific semctl ( ) commands : SEM_STAT , SEM_INFO .
* - undo adjustments at process exit are limited to 0 . . SEMVMX .
* - namespace are supported .
* - SEMMSL , SEMMNS , SEMOPM and SEMMNI can be configured at runtime by writing
* to / proc / sys / kernel / sem .
* - statistics about the usage are reported in / proc / sysvipc / sem .
*
* Internals :
* - scalability :
* - all global variables are read - mostly .
* - semop ( ) calls and semctl ( RMID ) are synchronized by RCU .
* - most operations do write operations ( actually : spin_lock calls ) to
* the per - semaphore array structure .
* Thus : Perfect SMP scaling between independent semaphore arrays .
* If multiple semaphores in one array are used , then cache line
* trashing on the semaphore array spinlock will limit the scaling .
* - semncnt and semzcnt are calculated on demand in count_semcnt ( )
* - the task that performs a successful semop ( ) scans the list of all
* sleeping tasks and completes any pending operations that can be fulfilled .
* Semaphores are actively given to waiting tasks ( necessary for FIFO ) .
* ( see update_queue ( ) )
* - To improve the scalability , the actual wake - up calls are performed after
* dropping all locks . ( see wake_up_sem_queue_prepare ( ) )
* - All work is done by the waker , the woken up task does not have to do
* anything - not even acquiring a lock or dropping a refcount .
* - A woken up task may not even touch the semaphore array anymore , it may
* have been destroyed already by a semctl ( RMID ) .
* - UNDO values are stored in an array ( one per process and per
* semaphore array , lazily allocated ) . For backwards compatibility , multiple
* modes for the UNDO variables are supported ( per process , per thread )
* ( see copy_semundo , CLONE_SYSVSEM )
* - There are two lists of the pending operations : a per - array list
* and per - semaphore list ( stored in the array ) . This allows to achieve FIFO
* ordering without always scanning all pending operations .
* The worst - case behavior is nevertheless O ( N ^ 2 ) for N wakeups .
*/
#include <linux/compat.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/time.h>
#include <linux/security.h>
#include <linux/syscalls.h>
#include <linux/audit.h>
#include <linux/capability.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/rwsem.h>
#include <linux/nsproxy.h>
#include <linux/ipc_namespace.h>
#include <linux/sched/wake_q.h>
#include <linux/nospec.h>
#include <linux/rhashtable.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include "util.h"
/* One semaphore structure for each semaphore in the system. */
struct sem {
int semval; /* current value */
/*
* PID of the process that last modified the semaphore . For
* Linux , specifically these are :
* - semop
* - semctl , via SETVAL and SETALL .
* - at task exit when performing undo adjustments ( see exit_sem ) .
*/
struct pid *sempid;
spinlock_t lock; /* spinlock for fine-grained semtimedop */
struct list_head pending_alter; /* pending single-sop operations */
/* that alter the semaphore */
struct list_head pending_const; /* pending single-sop operations */
/* that do not alter the semaphore*/
time64_t sem_otime; /* candidate for sem_otime */
} ____cacheline_aligned_in_smp;
/* One sem_array data structure for each set of semaphores in the system. */
struct sem_array {
struct kern_ipc_perm sem_perm; /* permissions .. see ipc.h */
time64_t sem_ctime; /* create/last semctl() time */
struct list_head pending_alter; /* pending operations */
/* that alter the array */
struct list_head pending_const; /* pending complex operations */
/* that do not alter semvals */
struct list_head list_id; /* undo requests on this array */
int sem_nsems; /* no. of semaphores in array */
int complex_count; /* pending complex operations */
unsigned int use_global_lock;/* >0: global lock required */
struct sem sems[];
} __randomize_layout;
/* One queue for each sleeping process in the system. */
struct sem_queue {
struct list_head list; /* queue of pending operations */
struct task_struct *sleeper; /* this process */
struct sem_undo *undo; /* undo structure */
struct pid *pid; /* process id of requesting process */
int status; /* completion status of operation */
struct sembuf *sops; /* array of pending operations */
struct sembuf *blocking; /* the operation that blocked */
int nsops; /* number of operations */
bool alter; /* does *sops alter the array? */
bool dupsop; /* sops on more than one sem_num */
};
/* Each task has a list of undo requests. They are executed automatically
* when the process exits .
*/
struct sem_undo {
struct list_head list_proc; /* per-process list: *
* all undos from one process
* rcu protected */
struct rcu_head rcu; /* rcu struct for sem_undo */
struct sem_undo_list *ulp; /* back ptr to sem_undo_list */
struct list_head list_id; /* per semaphore array list:
* all undos for one array */
int semid; /* semaphore set identifier */
short semadj[]; /* array of adjustments */
/* one per semaphore */
};
/* sem_undo_list controls shared access to the list of sem_undo structures
* that may be shared among all a CLONE_SYSVSEM task group .
*/
struct sem_undo_list {
refcount_t refcnt;
spinlock_t lock;
struct list_head list_proc;
};
#define sem_ids(ns) ((ns)->ids[IPC_SEM_IDS])
static int newary(struct ipc_namespace *, struct ipc_params *);
static void freeary(struct ipc_namespace *, struct kern_ipc_perm *);
#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
static int sysvipc_sem_proc_show(struct seq_file *s, void *it);
#endif
#define SEMMSL_FAST 256 /* 512 bytes on stack */
#define SEMOPM_FAST 64 /* ~ 372 bytes on stack */
/*
* Switching from the mode suitable for simple ops
* to the mode for complex ops is costly . Therefore :
* use some hysteresis
*/
#define USE_GLOBAL_LOCK_HYSTERESIS 10
/*
* Locking :
* a ) global sem_lock ( ) for read / write
* sem_undo . id_next ,
* sem_array . complex_count ,
* sem_array . pending { _ alter , _ const } ,
* sem_array . sem_undo
*
* b ) global or semaphore sem_lock ( ) for read / write :
* sem_array . sems [ i ] . pending_ { const , alter } :
*
* c ) special :
* sem_undo_list . list_proc :
* * undo_list - > lock for write
* * rcu for read
* use_global_lock :
* * global sem_lock ( ) for write
* * either local or global sem_lock ( ) for read .
*
* Memory ordering :
* Most ordering is enforced by using spin_lock ( ) and spin_unlock ( ) .
*
* Exceptions :
* 1 ) use_global_lock : ( SEM_BARRIER_1 )
* Setting it from non - zero to 0 is a RELEASE , this is ensured by
* using smp_store_release ( ) : Immediately after setting it to 0 ,
* a simple op can start .
* Testing if it is non - zero is an ACQUIRE , this is ensured by using
* smp_load_acquire ( ) .
* Setting it from 0 to non - zero must be ordered with regards to
* this smp_load_acquire ( ) , this is guaranteed because the smp_load_acquire ( )
* is inside a spin_lock ( ) and after a write from 0 to non - zero a
* spin_lock ( ) + spin_unlock ( ) is done .
* To prevent the compiler / cpu temporarily writing 0 to use_global_lock ,
* READ_ONCE ( ) / WRITE_ONCE ( ) is used .
*
* 2 ) queue . status : ( SEM_BARRIER_2 )
* Initialization is done while holding sem_lock ( ) , so no further barrier is
* required .
* Setting it to a result code is a RELEASE , this is ensured by both a
* smp_store_release ( ) ( for case a ) and while holding sem_lock ( )
* ( for case b ) .
* The ACQUIRE when reading the result code without holding sem_lock ( ) is
* achieved by using READ_ONCE ( ) + smp_acquire__after_ctrl_dep ( ) .
* ( case a above ) .
* Reading the result code while holding sem_lock ( ) needs no further barriers ,
* the locks inside sem_lock ( ) enforce ordering ( case b above )
*
* 3 ) current - > state :
* current - > state is set to TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE while holding sem_lock ( ) .
* The wakeup is handled using the wake_q infrastructure . wake_q wakeups may
* happen immediately after calling wake_q_add . As wake_q_add_safe ( ) is called
* when holding sem_lock ( ) , no further barriers are required .
*
* See also ipc / mqueue . c for more details on the covered races .
*/
#define sc_semmsl sem_ctls[0 ]
#define sc_semmns sem_ctls[1 ]
#define sc_semopm sem_ctls[2 ]
#define sc_semmni sem_ctls[3 ]
void sem_init_ns(struct ipc_namespace *ns)
{
ns->sc_semmsl = SEMMSL;
ns->sc_semmns = SEMMNS;
ns->sc_semopm = SEMOPM;
ns->sc_semmni = SEMMNI;
ns->used_sems = 0 ;
ipc_init_ids(&ns->ids[IPC_SEM_IDS]);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_IPC_NS
void sem_exit_ns(struct ipc_namespace *ns)
{
free_ipcs(ns, &sem_ids(ns), freeary);
idr_destroy(&ns->ids[IPC_SEM_IDS].ipcs_idr);
rhashtable_destroy(&ns->ids[IPC_SEM_IDS].key_ht);
}
#endif
void __init sem_init(void )
{
sem_init_ns(&init_ipc_ns);
ipc_init_proc_interface("sysvipc/sem" ,
" key semid perms nsems uid gid cuid cgid otime ctime\n" ,
IPC_SEM_IDS, sysvipc_sem_proc_show);
}
/**
* unmerge_queues - unmerge queues , if possible .
* @ sma : semaphore array
*
* The function unmerges the wait queues if complex_count is 0 .
* It must be called prior to dropping the global semaphore array lock .
*/
static void unmerge_queues(struct sem_array *sma)
{
struct sem_queue *q, *tq;
/* complex operations still around? */
if (sma->complex_count)
return ;
/*
* We will switch back to simple mode .
* Move all pending operation back into the per - semaphore
* queues .
*/
list_for_each_entry_safe(q, tq, &sma->pending_alter, list) {
struct sem *curr;
curr = &sma->sems[q->sops[0 ].sem_num];
list_add_tail(&q->list, &curr->pending_alter);
}
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sma->pending_alter);
}
/**
* merge_queues - merge single semop queues into global queue
* @ sma : semaphore array
*
* This function merges all per - semaphore queues into the global queue .
* It is necessary to achieve FIFO ordering for the pending single - sop
* operations when a multi - semop operation must sleep .
* Only the alter operations must be moved , the const operations can stay .
*/
static void merge_queues(struct sem_array *sma)
{
int i;
for (i = 0 ; i < sma->sem_nsems; i++) {
struct sem *sem = &sma->sems[i];
list_splice_init(&sem->pending_alter, &sma->pending_alter);
}
}
static void sem_rcu_free(struct rcu_head *head)
{
struct kern_ipc_perm *p = container_of(head, struct kern_ipc_perm, rcu);
struct sem_array *sma = container_of(p, struct sem_array, sem_perm);
security_sem_free(&sma->sem_perm);
kvfree(sma);
}
/*
* Enter the mode suitable for non - simple operations :
* Caller must own sem_perm . lock .
*/
static void complexmode_enter(struct sem_array *sma)
{
int i;
struct sem *sem;
if (sma->use_global_lock > 0 ) {
/*
* We are already in global lock mode .
* Nothing to do , just reset the
* counter until we return to simple mode .
*/
WRITE_ONCE(sma->use_global_lock, USE_GLOBAL_LOCK_HYSTERESIS);
return ;
}
WRITE_ONCE(sma->use_global_lock, USE_GLOBAL_LOCK_HYSTERESIS);
for (i = 0 ; i < sma->sem_nsems; i++) {
sem = &sma->sems[i];
spin_lock(&sem->lock);
spin_unlock(&sem->lock);
}
}
/*
* Try to leave the mode that disallows simple operations :
* Caller must own sem_perm . lock .
*/
static void complexmode_tryleave(struct sem_array *sma)
{
if (sma->complex_count) {
/* Complex ops are sleeping.
* We must stay in complex mode
*/
return ;
}
if (sma->use_global_lock == 1 ) {
/* See SEM_BARRIER_1 for purpose/pairing */
smp_store_release(&sma->use_global_lock, 0 );
} else {
WRITE_ONCE(sma->use_global_lock,
sma->use_global_lock-1 );
}
}
#define SEM_GLOBAL_LOCK (-1 )
/*
* If the request contains only one semaphore operation , and there are
* no complex transactions pending , lock only the semaphore involved .
* Otherwise , lock the entire semaphore array , since we either have
* multiple semaphores in our own semops , or we need to look at
* semaphores from other pending complex operations .
*/
static inline int sem_lock(struct sem_array *sma, struct sembuf *sops,
int nsops)
{
struct sem *sem;
int idx;
if (nsops != 1 ) {
/* Complex operation - acquire a full lock */
ipc_lock_object(&sma->sem_perm);
/* Prevent parallel simple ops */
complexmode_enter(sma);
return SEM_GLOBAL_LOCK;
}
/*
* Only one semaphore affected - try to optimize locking .
* Optimized locking is possible if no complex operation
* is either enqueued or processed right now .
*
* Both facts are tracked by use_global_mode .
*/
idx = array_index_nospec(sops->sem_num, sma->sem_nsems);
sem = &sma->sems[idx];
/*
* Initial check for use_global_lock . Just an optimization ,
* no locking , no memory barrier .
*/
if (!READ_ONCE(sma->use_global_lock)) {
/*
* It appears that no complex operation is around .
* Acquire the per - semaphore lock .
*/
spin_lock(&sem->lock);
/* see SEM_BARRIER_1 for purpose/pairing */
if (!smp_load_acquire(&sma->use_global_lock)) {
/* fast path successful! */
return sops->sem_num;
}
spin_unlock(&sem->lock);
}
/* slow path: acquire the full lock */
ipc_lock_object(&sma->sem_perm);
if (sma->use_global_lock == 0 ) {
/*
* The use_global_lock mode ended while we waited for
* sma - > sem_perm . lock . Thus we must switch to locking
* with sem - > lock .
* Unlike in the fast path , there is no need to recheck
* sma - > use_global_lock after we have acquired sem - > lock :
* We own sma - > sem_perm . lock , thus use_global_lock cannot
* change .
*/
spin_lock(&sem->lock);
ipc_unlock_object(&sma->sem_perm);
return sops->sem_num;
} else {
/*
* Not a false alarm , thus continue to use the global lock
* mode . No need for complexmode_enter ( ) , this was done by
* the caller that has set use_global_mode to non - zero .
*/
return SEM_GLOBAL_LOCK;
}
}
static inline void sem_unlock(struct sem_array *sma, int locknum)
{
if (locknum == SEM_GLOBAL_LOCK) {
unmerge_queues(sma);
complexmode_tryleave(sma);
ipc_unlock_object(&sma->sem_perm);
} else {
struct sem *sem = &sma->sems[locknum];
spin_unlock(&sem->lock);
}
}
/*
* sem_lock_ ( check_ ) routines are called in the paths where the rwsem
* is not held .
*
* The caller holds the RCU read lock .
*/
static inline struct sem_array *sem_obtain_object(struct ipc_namespace *ns, int id)
{
struct kern_ipc_perm *ipcp = ipc_obtain_object_idr(&sem_ids(ns), id);
if (IS_ERR(ipcp))
return ERR_CAST(ipcp);
return container_of(ipcp, struct sem_array, sem_perm);
}
static inline struct sem_array *sem_obtain_object_check(struct ipc_namespace *ns,
int id)
{
struct kern_ipc_perm *ipcp = ipc_obtain_object_check(&sem_ids(ns), id);
if (IS_ERR(ipcp))
return ERR_CAST(ipcp);
return container_of(ipcp, struct sem_array, sem_perm);
}
static inline void sem_lock_and_putref(struct sem_array *sma)
{
sem_lock(sma, NULL, -1 );
ipc_rcu_putref(&sma->sem_perm, sem_rcu_free);
}
static inline void sem_rmid(struct ipc_namespace *ns, struct sem_array *s)
{
ipc_rmid(&sem_ids(ns), &s->sem_perm);
}
static struct sem_array *sem_alloc(size_t nsems)
{
struct sem_array *sma;
if (nsems > (INT_MAX - sizeof (*sma)) / sizeof (sma->sems[0 ]))
return NULL;
sma = kvzalloc(struct_size(sma, sems, nsems), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
if (unlikely(!sma))
return NULL;
return sma;
}
/**
* newary - Create a new semaphore set
* @ ns : namespace
* @ params : ptr to the structure that contains key , semflg and nsems
*
* Called with sem_ids . rwsem held ( as a writer )
*/
static int newary(struct ipc_namespace *ns, struct ipc_params *params)
{
int retval;
struct sem_array *sma;
key_t key = params->key;
int nsems = params->u.nsems;
int semflg = params->flg;
int i;
if (!nsems)
return -EINVAL;
if (ns->used_sems + nsems > ns->sc_semmns)
return -ENOSPC;
sma = sem_alloc(nsems);
if (!sma)
return -ENOMEM;
sma->sem_perm.mode = (semflg & S_IRWXUGO);
sma->sem_perm.key = key;
sma->sem_perm.security = NULL;
retval = security_sem_alloc(&sma->sem_perm);
if (retval) {
kvfree(sma);
return retval;
}
for (i = 0 ; i < nsems; i++) {
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sma->sems[i].pending_alter);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sma->sems[i].pending_const);
spin_lock_init(&sma->sems[i].lock);
}
sma->complex_count = 0 ;
sma->use_global_lock = USE_GLOBAL_LOCK_HYSTERESIS;
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sma->pending_alter);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sma->pending_const);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&sma->list_id);
sma->sem_nsems = nsems;
sma->sem_ctime = ktime_get_real_seconds();
/* ipc_addid() locks sma upon success. */
retval = ipc_addid(&sem_ids(ns), &sma->sem_perm, ns->sc_semmni);
if (retval < 0 ) {
ipc_rcu_putref(&sma->sem_perm, sem_rcu_free);
return retval;
}
ns->used_sems += nsems;
sem_unlock(sma, -1 );
rcu_read_unlock();
return sma->sem_perm.id;
}
/*
* Called with sem_ids . rwsem and ipcp locked .
*/
static int sem_more_checks(struct kern_ipc_perm *ipcp, struct ipc_params *params)
{
struct sem_array *sma;
sma = container_of(ipcp, struct sem_array, sem_perm);
if (params->u.nsems > sma->sem_nsems)
return -EINVAL;
return 0 ;
}
long ksys_semget(key_t key, int nsems, int semflg)
{
struct ipc_namespace *ns;
static const struct ipc_ops sem_ops = {
.getnew = newary,
.associate = security_sem_associate,
.more_checks = sem_more_checks,
};
struct ipc_params sem_params;
ns = current->nsproxy->ipc_ns;
if (nsems < 0 || nsems > ns->sc_semmsl)
return -EINVAL;
sem_params.key = key;
sem_params.flg = semflg;
sem_params.u.nsems = nsems;
return ipcget(ns, &sem_ids(ns), &sem_ops, &sem_params);
}
SYSCALL_DEFINE3(semget, key_t, key, int , nsems, int , semflg)
{
return ksys_semget(key, nsems, semflg);
}
/**
* perform_atomic_semop [ _ slow ] - Attempt to perform semaphore
* operations on a given array .
* @ sma : semaphore array
* @ q : struct sem_queue that describes the operation
*
* Caller blocking are as follows , based the value
* indicated by the semaphore operation ( sem_op ) :
*
* ( 1 ) > 0 never blocks .
* ( 2 ) 0 ( wait - for - zero operation ) : semval is non - zero .
* ( 3 ) < 0 attempting to decrement semval to a value smaller than zero .
*
* Returns 0 if the operation was possible .
* Returns 1 if the operation is impossible , the caller must sleep .
* Returns < 0 for error codes .
*/
static int perform_atomic_semop_slow(struct sem_array *sma, struct sem_queue *q)
{
int result, sem_op, nsops;
struct pid *pid;
struct sembuf *sop;
struct sem *curr;
struct sembuf *sops;
struct sem_undo *un;
sops = q->sops;
nsops = q->nsops;
un = q->undo;
for (sop = sops; sop < sops + nsops; sop++) {
int idx = array_index_nospec(sop->sem_num, sma->sem_nsems);
curr = &sma->sems[idx];
sem_op = sop->sem_op;
result = curr->semval;
if (!sem_op && result)
goto would_block;
result += sem_op;
if (result < 0 )
goto would_block;
if (result > SEMVMX)
goto out_of_range;
if (sop->sem_flg & SEM_UNDO) {
int undo = un->semadj[sop->sem_num] - sem_op;
/* Exceeding the undo range is an error. */
if (undo < (-SEMAEM - 1 ) || undo > SEMAEM)
goto out_of_range;
un->semadj[sop->sem_num] = undo;
}
curr->semval = result;
}
sop--;
pid = q->pid;
while (sop >= sops) {
ipc_update_pid(&sma->sems[sop->sem_num].sempid, pid);
sop--;
}
return 0 ;
out_of_range:
result = -ERANGE;
goto undo;
would_block:
q->blocking = sop;
if (sop->sem_flg & IPC_NOWAIT)
result = -EAGAIN;
else
result = 1 ;
undo:
sop--;
while (sop >= sops) {
sem_op = sop->sem_op;
sma->sems[sop->sem_num].semval -= sem_op;
if (sop->sem_flg & SEM_UNDO)
un->semadj[sop->sem_num] += sem_op;
sop--;
}
return result;
}
static int perform_atomic_semop(struct sem_array *sma, struct sem_queue *q)
{
int result, sem_op, nsops;
struct sembuf *sop;
struct sem *curr;
struct sembuf *sops;
struct sem_undo *un;
sops = q->sops;
nsops = q->nsops;
un = q->undo;
if (unlikely(q->dupsop))
return perform_atomic_semop_slow(sma, q);
/*
* We scan the semaphore set twice , first to ensure that the entire
* operation can succeed , therefore avoiding any pointless writes
* to shared memory and having to undo such changes in order to block
* until the operations can go through .
*/
for (sop = sops; sop < sops + nsops; sop++) {
int idx = array_index_nospec(sop->sem_num, sma->sem_nsems);
curr = &sma->sems[idx];
sem_op = sop->sem_op;
result = curr->semval;
if (!sem_op && result)
goto would_block; /* wait-for-zero */
result += sem_op;
if (result < 0 )
goto would_block;
if (result > SEMVMX)
return -ERANGE;
if (sop->sem_flg & SEM_UNDO) {
int undo = un->semadj[sop->sem_num] - sem_op;
/* Exceeding the undo range is an error. */
if (undo < (-SEMAEM - 1 ) || undo > SEMAEM)
return -ERANGE;
}
}
for (sop = sops; sop < sops + nsops; sop++) {
curr = &sma->sems[sop->sem_num];
sem_op = sop->sem_op;
if (sop->sem_flg & SEM_UNDO) {
int undo = un->semadj[sop->sem_num] - sem_op;
un->semadj[sop->sem_num] = undo;
}
curr->semval += sem_op;
ipc_update_pid(&curr->sempid, q->pid);
}
return 0 ;
would_block:
q->blocking = sop;
return sop->sem_flg & IPC_NOWAIT ? -EAGAIN : 1 ;
}
static inline void wake_up_sem_queue_prepare(struct sem_queue *q, int error,
struct wake_q_head *wake_q)
{
struct task_struct *sleeper;
sleeper = get_task_struct(q->sleeper);
/* see SEM_BARRIER_2 for purpose/pairing */
smp_store_release(&q->status, error);
wake_q_add_safe(wake_q, sleeper);
}
static void unlink_queue(struct sem_array *sma, struct sem_queue *q)
{
list_del(&q->list);
if (q->nsops > 1 )
sma->complex_count--;
}
/** check_restart(sma, q)
* @ sma : semaphore array
* @ q : the operation that just completed
*
* update_queue is O ( N ^ 2 ) when it restarts scanning the whole queue of
* waiting operations . Therefore this function checks if the restart is
* really necessary . It is called after a previously waiting operation
* modified the array .
* Note that wait - for - zero operations are handled without restart .
*/
static inline int check_restart(struct sem_array *sma, struct sem_queue *q)
{
/* pending complex alter operations are too difficult to analyse */
if (!list_empty(&sma->pending_alter))
return 1 ;
/* we were a sleeping complex operation. Too difficult */
if (q->nsops > 1 )
return 1 ;
/* It is impossible that someone waits for the new value:
* - complex operations always restart .
* - wait - for - zero are handled separately .
* - q is a previously sleeping simple operation that
* altered the array . It must be a decrement , because
* simple increments never sleep .
* - If there are older ( higher priority ) decrements
* in the queue , then they have observed the original
* semval value and couldn ' t proceed . The operation
* decremented to value - thus they won ' t proceed either .
*/
return 0 ;
}
/**
* wake_const_ops - wake up non - alter tasks
* @ sma : semaphore array .
* @ semnum : semaphore that was modified .
* @ wake_q : lockless wake - queue head .
*
* wake_const_ops must be called after a semaphore in a semaphore array
* was set to 0 . If complex const operations are pending , wake_const_ops must
* be called with semnum = - 1 , as well as with the number of each modified
* semaphore .
* The tasks that must be woken up are added to @ wake_q . The return code
* is stored in q - > pid .
* The function returns 1 if at least one operation was completed successfully .
*/
static int wake_const_ops(struct sem_array *sma, int semnum,
struct wake_q_head *wake_q)
{
struct sem_queue *q, *tmp;
struct list_head *pending_list;
int semop_completed = 0 ;
if (semnum == -1 )
pending_list = &sma->pending_const;
else
pending_list = &sma->sems[semnum].pending_const;
list_for_each_entry_safe(q, tmp, pending_list, list) {
int error = perform_atomic_semop(sma, q);
if (error > 0 )
continue ;
/* operation completed, remove from queue & wakeup */
unlink_queue(sma, q);
wake_up_sem_queue_prepare(q, error, wake_q);
if (error == 0 )
semop_completed = 1 ;
}
return semop_completed;
}
/**
* do_smart_wakeup_zero - wakeup all wait for zero tasks
* @ sma : semaphore array
* @ sops : operations that were performed
* @ nsops : number of operations
* @ wake_q : lockless wake - queue head
*
* Checks all required queue for wait - for - zero operations , based
* on the actual changes that were performed on the semaphore array .
* The function returns 1 if at least one operation was completed successfully .
*/
static int do_smart_wakeup_zero(struct sem_array *sma, struct sembuf *sops,
int nsops, struct wake_q_head *wake_q)
{
int i;
int semop_completed = 0 ;
int got_zero = 0 ;
/* first: the per-semaphore queues, if known */
if (sops) {
for (i = 0 ; i < nsops; i++) {
int num = sops[i].sem_num;
if (sma->sems[num].semval == 0 ) {
got_zero = 1 ;
semop_completed |= wake_const_ops(sma, num, wake_q);
}
}
} else {
/*
* No sops means modified semaphores not known .
* Assume all were changed .
*/
for (i = 0 ; i < sma->sem_nsems; i++) {
if (sma->sems[i].semval == 0 ) {
got_zero = 1 ;
semop_completed |= wake_const_ops(sma, i, wake_q);
}
}
}
/*
* If one of the modified semaphores got 0 ,
* then check the global queue , too .
*/
if (got_zero)
semop_completed |= wake_const_ops(sma, -1 , wake_q);
return semop_completed;
}
/**
* update_queue - look for tasks that can be completed .
* @ sma : semaphore array .
* @ semnum : semaphore that was modified .
* @ wake_q : lockless wake - queue head .
*
* update_queue must be called after a semaphore in a semaphore array
* was modified . If multiple semaphores were modified , update_queue must
* be called with semnum = - 1 , as well as with the number of each modified
* semaphore .
* The tasks that must be woken up are added to @ wake_q . The return code
* is stored in q - > pid .
* The function internally checks if const operations can now succeed .
*
* The function return 1 if at least one semop was completed successfully .
*/
static int update_queue(struct sem_array *sma, int semnum, struct wake_q_head *wake_q)
{
struct sem_queue *q, *tmp;
struct list_head *pending_list;
int semop_completed = 0 ;
if (semnum == -1 )
pending_list = &sma->pending_alter;
else
pending_list = &sma->sems[semnum].pending_alter;
again:
list_for_each_entry_safe(q, tmp, pending_list, list) {
int error, restart;
/* If we are scanning the single sop, per-semaphore list of
* one semaphore and that semaphore is 0 , then it is not
* necessary to scan further : simple increments
* that affect only one entry succeed immediately and cannot
* be in the per semaphore pending queue , and decrements
* cannot be successful if the value is already 0 .
*/
if (semnum != -1 && sma->sems[semnum].semval == 0 )
break ;
error = perform_atomic_semop(sma, q);
/* Does q->sleeper still need to sleep? */
if (error > 0 )
continue ;
unlink_queue(sma, q);
if (error) {
restart = 0 ;
} else {
semop_completed = 1 ;
do_smart_wakeup_zero(sma, q->sops, q->nsops, wake_q);
restart = check_restart(sma, q);
}
wake_up_sem_queue_prepare(q, error, wake_q);
if (restart)
goto again;
}
return semop_completed;
}
/**
* set_semotime - set sem_otime
* @ sma : semaphore array
* @ sops : operations that modified the array , may be NULL
*
* sem_otime is replicated to avoid cache line trashing .
* This function sets one instance to the current time .
*/
static void set_semotime(struct sem_array *sma, struct sembuf *sops)
{
if (sops == NULL) {
sma->sems[0 ].sem_otime = ktime_get_real_seconds();
} else {
sma->sems[sops[0 ].sem_num].sem_otime =
ktime_get_real_seconds();
}
}
/**
* do_smart_update - optimized update_queue
* @ sma : semaphore array
* @ sops : operations that were performed
* @ nsops : number of operations
* @ otime : force setting otime
* @ wake_q : lockless wake - queue head
*
* do_smart_update ( ) does the required calls to update_queue and wakeup_zero ,
* based on the actual changes that were performed on the semaphore array .
* Note that the function does not do the actual wake - up : the caller is
* responsible for calling wake_up_q ( ) .
* It is safe to perform this call after dropping all locks .
*/
static void do_smart_update(struct sem_array *sma, struct sembuf *sops, int nsops,
int otime, struct wake_q_head *wake_q)
{
int i;
otime |= do_smart_wakeup_zero(sma, sops, nsops, wake_q);
if (!list_empty(&sma->pending_alter)) {
/* semaphore array uses the global queue - just process it. */
otime |= update_queue(sma, -1 , wake_q);
} else {
if (!sops) {
/*
* No sops , thus the modified semaphores are not
* known . Check all .
*/
for (i = 0 ; i < sma->sem_nsems; i++)
otime |= update_queue(sma, i, wake_q);
} else {
/*
* Check the semaphores that were increased :
* - No complex ops , thus all sleeping ops are
* decrease .
* - if we decreased the value , then any sleeping
* semaphore ops won ' t be able to run : If the
* previous value was too small , then the new
* value will be too small , too .
*/
for (i = 0 ; i < nsops; i++) {
if (sops[i].sem_op > 0 ) {
otime |= update_queue(sma,
sops[i].sem_num, wake_q);
}
}
}
}
if (otime)
set_semotime(sma, sops);
}
/*
* check_qop : Test if a queued operation sleeps on the semaphore semnum
*/
static int check_qop(struct sem_array *sma, int semnum, struct sem_queue *q,
bool count_zero)
{
struct sembuf *sop = q->blocking;
/*
* Linux always ( since 0 . 99 . 10 ) reported a task as sleeping on all
* semaphores . This violates SUS , therefore it was changed to the
* standard compliant behavior .
* Give the administrators a chance to notice that an application
* might misbehave because it relies on the Linux behavior .
*/
pr_info_once("semctl(GETNCNT/GETZCNT) is since 3.16 Single Unix Specification compliant.\n"
"The task %s (%d) triggered the difference, watch for misbehavior.\n" ,
current->comm, task_pid_nr(current));
if (sop->sem_num != semnum)
return 0 ;
if (count_zero && sop->sem_op == 0 )
return 1 ;
if (!count_zero && sop->sem_op < 0 )
return 1 ;
return 0 ;
}
/* The following counts are associated to each semaphore:
* semncnt number of tasks waiting on semval being nonzero
* semzcnt number of tasks waiting on semval being zero
*
* Per definition , a task waits only on the semaphore of the first semop
* that cannot proceed , even if additional operation would block , too .
*/
static int count_semcnt(struct sem_array *sma, ushort semnum,
bool count_zero)
{
struct list_head *l;
struct sem_queue *q;
int semcnt;
semcnt = 0 ;
/* First: check the simple operations. They are easy to evaluate */
if (count_zero)
l = &sma->sems[semnum].pending_const;
else
l = &sma->sems[semnum].pending_alter;
list_for_each_entry(q, l, list) {
/* all task on a per-semaphore list sleep on exactly
* that semaphore
*/
semcnt++;
}
/* Then: check the complex operations. */
list_for_each_entry(q, &sma->pending_alter, list) {
semcnt += check_qop(sma, semnum, q, count_zero);
}
if (count_zero) {
list_for_each_entry(q, &sma->pending_const, list) {
semcnt += check_qop(sma, semnum, q, count_zero);
}
}
return semcnt;
}
/* Free a semaphore set. freeary() is called with sem_ids.rwsem locked
* as a writer and the spinlock for this semaphore set hold . sem_ids . rwsem
* remains locked on exit .
*/
static void freeary(struct ipc_namespace *ns, struct kern_ipc_perm *ipcp)
{
struct sem_undo *un, *tu;
struct sem_queue *q, *tq;
struct sem_array *sma = container_of(ipcp, struct sem_array, sem_perm);
int i;
DEFINE_WAKE_Q(wake_q);
/* Free the existing undo structures for this semaphore set. */
ipc_assert_locked_object(&sma->sem_perm);
list_for_each_entry_safe(un, tu, &sma->list_id, list_id) {
list_del(&un->list_id);
spin_lock(&un->ulp->lock);
un->semid = -1 ;
list_del_rcu(&un->list_proc);
spin_unlock(&un->ulp->lock);
kvfree_rcu(un, rcu);
}
/* Wake up all pending processes and let them fail with EIDRM. */
list_for_each_entry_safe(q, tq, &sma->pending_const, list) {
unlink_queue(sma, q);
wake_up_sem_queue_prepare(q, -EIDRM, &wake_q);
}
list_for_each_entry_safe(q, tq, &sma->pending_alter, list) {
unlink_queue(sma, q);
wake_up_sem_queue_prepare(q, -EIDRM, &wake_q);
}
for (i = 0 ; i < sma->sem_nsems; i++) {
struct sem *sem = &sma->sems[i];
list_for_each_entry_safe(q, tq, &sem->pending_const, list) {
unlink_queue(sma, q);
wake_up_sem_queue_prepare(q, -EIDRM, &wake_q);
}
list_for_each_entry_safe(q, tq, &sem->pending_alter, list) {
unlink_queue(sma, q);
wake_up_sem_queue_prepare(q, -EIDRM, &wake_q);
}
ipc_update_pid(&sem->sempid, NULL);
}
/* Remove the semaphore set from the IDR */
sem_rmid(ns, sma);
sem_unlock(sma, -1 );
rcu_read_unlock();
wake_up_q(&wake_q);
ns->used_sems -= sma->sem_nsems;
ipc_rcu_putref(&sma->sem_perm, sem_rcu_free);
}
static unsigned long copy_semid_to_user(void __user *buf, struct semid64_ds *in, int version)
{
switch (version) {
case IPC_64:
return copy_to_user(buf, in, sizeof (*in));
case IPC_OLD:
{
struct semid_ds out;
memset(&out, 0 , sizeof (out));
ipc64_perm_to_ipc_perm(&in->sem_perm, &out.sem_perm);
out.sem_otime = in->sem_otime;
out.sem_ctime = in->sem_ctime;
out.sem_nsems = in->sem_nsems;
return copy_to_user(buf, &out, sizeof (out));
}
default :
return -EINVAL;
}
}
static time64_t get_semotime(struct sem_array *sma)
{
int i;
time64_t res;
res = sma->sems[0 ].sem_otime;
for (i = 1 ; i < sma->sem_nsems; i++) {
time64_t to = sma->sems[i].sem_otime;
if (to > res)
res = to;
}
return res;
}
static int semctl_stat(struct ipc_namespace *ns, int semid,
int cmd, struct semid64_ds *semid64)
{
struct sem_array *sma;
time64_t semotime;
int err;
memset(semid64, 0 , sizeof (*semid64));
rcu_read_lock();
if (cmd == SEM_STAT || cmd == SEM_STAT_ANY) {
sma = sem_obtain_object(ns, semid);
if (IS_ERR(sma)) {
err = PTR_ERR(sma);
goto out_unlock;
}
} else { /* IPC_STAT */
sma = sem_obtain_object_check(ns, semid);
if (IS_ERR(sma)) {
err = PTR_ERR(sma);
goto out_unlock;
}
}
/* see comment for SHM_STAT_ANY */
if (cmd == SEM_STAT_ANY)
audit_ipc_obj(&sma->sem_perm);
else {
err = -EACCES;
if (ipcperms(ns, &sma->sem_perm, S_IRUGO))
goto out_unlock;
}
err = security_sem_semctl(&sma->sem_perm, cmd);
if (err)
goto out_unlock;
ipc_lock_object(&sma->sem_perm);
if (!ipc_valid_object(&sma->sem_perm)) {
ipc_unlock_object(&sma->sem_perm);
err = -EIDRM;
goto out_unlock;
}
kernel_to_ipc64_perm(&sma->sem_perm, &semid64->sem_perm);
semotime = get_semotime(sma);
semid64->sem_otime = semotime;
semid64->sem_ctime = sma->sem_ctime;
#ifndef CONFIG_64BIT
semid64->sem_otime_high = semotime >> 32 ;
semid64->sem_ctime_high = sma->sem_ctime >> 32 ;
#endif
semid64->sem_nsems = sma->sem_nsems;
if (cmd == IPC_STAT) {
/*
* As defined in SUS :
* Return 0 on success
*/
err = 0 ;
} else {
/*
* SEM_STAT and SEM_STAT_ANY ( both Linux specific )
* Return the full id , including the sequence number
*/
err = sma->sem_perm.id;
}
ipc_unlock_object(&sma->sem_perm);
out_unlock:
rcu_read_unlock();
return err;
}
static int semctl_info(struct ipc_namespace *ns, int semid,
int cmd, void __user *p)
{
struct seminfo seminfo;
int max_idx;
int err;
err = security_sem_semctl(NULL, cmd);
if (err)
return err;
memset(&seminfo, 0 , sizeof (seminfo));
seminfo.semmni = ns->sc_semmni;
seminfo.semmns = ns->sc_semmns;
seminfo.semmsl = ns->sc_semmsl;
seminfo.semopm = ns->sc_semopm;
seminfo.semvmx = SEMVMX;
seminfo.semmnu = SEMMNU;
seminfo.semmap = SEMMAP;
seminfo.semume = SEMUME;
down_read(&sem_ids(ns).rwsem);
if (cmd == SEM_INFO) {
seminfo.semusz = sem_ids(ns).in_use;
seminfo.semaem = ns->used_sems;
} else {
seminfo.semusz = SEMUSZ;
seminfo.semaem = SEMAEM;
}
max_idx = ipc_get_maxidx(&sem_ids(ns));
up_read(&sem_ids(ns).rwsem);
if (copy_to_user(p, &seminfo, sizeof (struct seminfo)))
return -EFAULT;
return (max_idx < 0 ) ? 0 : max_idx;
}
static int semctl_setval(struct ipc_namespace *ns, int semid, int semnum,
int val)
{
struct sem_undo *un;
struct sem_array *sma;
struct sem *curr;
int err;
DEFINE_WAKE_Q(wake_q);
if (val > SEMVMX || val < 0 )
return -ERANGE;
rcu_read_lock();
sma = sem_obtain_object_check(ns, semid);
if (IS_ERR(sma)) {
rcu_read_unlock();
return PTR_ERR(sma);
}
if (semnum < 0 || semnum >= sma->sem_nsems) {
rcu_read_unlock();
return -EINVAL;
}
if (ipcperms(ns, &sma->sem_perm, S_IWUGO)) {
rcu_read_unlock();
return -EACCES;
}
err = security_sem_semctl(&sma->sem_perm, SETVAL);
if (err) {
rcu_read_unlock();
return -EACCES;
}
sem_lock(sma, NULL, -1 );
if (!ipc_valid_object(&sma->sem_perm)) {
sem_unlock(sma, -1 );
rcu_read_unlock();
return -EIDRM;
}
semnum = array_index_nospec(semnum, sma->sem_nsems);
curr = &sma->sems[semnum];
ipc_assert_locked_object(&sma->sem_perm);
list_for_each_entry(un, &sma->list_id, list_id)
un->semadj[semnum] = 0 ;
curr->semval = val;
ipc_update_pid(&curr->sempid, task_tgid(current));
sma->sem_ctime = ktime_get_real_seconds();
/* maybe some queued-up processes were waiting for this */
do_smart_update(sma, NULL, 0 , 0 , &wake_q);
sem_unlock(sma, -1 );
rcu_read_unlock();
wake_up_q(&wake_q);
return 0 ;
}
static int semctl_main(struct ipc_namespace *ns, int semid, int semnum,
int cmd, void __user *p)
{
struct sem_array *sma;
struct sem *curr;
int err, nsems;
ushort fast_sem_io[SEMMSL_FAST];
ushort *sem_io = fast_sem_io;
DEFINE_WAKE_Q(wake_q);
rcu_read_lock();
sma = sem_obtain_object_check(ns, semid);
if (IS_ERR(sma)) {
rcu_read_unlock();
return PTR_ERR(sma);
}
nsems = sma->sem_nsems;
err = -EACCES;
if (ipcperms(ns, &sma->sem_perm, cmd == SETALL ? S_IWUGO : S_IRUGO))
goto out_rcu_wakeup;
err = security_sem_semctl(&sma->sem_perm, cmd);
if (err)
goto out_rcu_wakeup;
switch (cmd) {
case GETALL:
{
ushort __user *array = p;
int i;
sem_lock(sma, NULL, -1 );
if (!ipc_valid_object(&sma->sem_perm)) {
err = -EIDRM;
goto out_unlock;
}
if (nsems > SEMMSL_FAST) {
if (!ipc_rcu_getref(&sma->sem_perm)) {
err = -EIDRM;
goto out_unlock;
}
sem_unlock(sma, -1 );
rcu_read_unlock();
sem_io = kvmalloc_array(nsems, sizeof (ushort),
GFP_KERNEL);
if (sem_io == NULL) {
ipc_rcu_putref(&sma->sem_perm, sem_rcu_free);
return -ENOMEM;
}
rcu_read_lock();
sem_lock_and_putref(sma);
if (!ipc_valid_object(&sma->sem_perm)) {
err = -EIDRM;
goto out_unlock;
}
}
for (i = 0 ; i < sma->sem_nsems; i++)
sem_io[i] = sma->sems[i].semval;
sem_unlock(sma, -1 );
rcu_read_unlock();
err = 0 ;
if (copy_to_user(array, sem_io, nsems*sizeof (ushort)))
err = -EFAULT;
goto out_free;
}
case SETALL:
{
int i;
struct sem_undo *un;
if (!ipc_rcu_getref(&sma->sem_perm)) {
err = -EIDRM;
goto out_rcu_wakeup;
}
rcu_read_unlock();
if (nsems > SEMMSL_FAST) {
sem_io = kvmalloc_array(nsems, sizeof (ushort),
GFP_KERNEL);
if (sem_io == NULL) {
ipc_rcu_putref(&sma->sem_perm, sem_rcu_free);
return -ENOMEM;
}
}
if (copy_from_user(sem_io, p, nsems*sizeof (ushort))) {
ipc_rcu_putref(&sma->sem_perm, sem_rcu_free);
err = -EFAULT;
goto out_free;
}
for (i = 0 ; i < nsems; i++) {
if (sem_io[i] > SEMVMX) {
ipc_rcu_putref(&sma->sem_perm, sem_rcu_free);
err = -ERANGE;
goto out_free;
}
}
rcu_read_lock();
sem_lock_and_putref(sma);
if (!ipc_valid_object(&sma->sem_perm)) {
err = -EIDRM;
goto out_unlock;
}
for (i = 0 ; i < nsems; i++) {
sma->sems[i].semval = sem_io[i];
ipc_update_pid(&sma->sems[i].sempid, task_tgid(current));
}
ipc_assert_locked_object(&sma->sem_perm);
list_for_each_entry(un, &sma->list_id, list_id) {
for (i = 0 ; i < nsems; i++)
un->semadj[i] = 0 ;
}
sma->sem_ctime = ktime_get_real_seconds();
/* maybe some queued-up processes were waiting for this */
do_smart_update(sma, NULL, 0 , 0 , &wake_q);
err = 0 ;
goto out_unlock;
}
/* GETVAL, GETPID, GETNCTN, GETZCNT: fall-through */
}
err = -EINVAL;
if (semnum < 0 || semnum >= nsems)
goto out_rcu_wakeup;
sem_lock(sma, NULL, -1 );
if (!ipc_valid_object(&sma->sem_perm)) {
err = -EIDRM;
goto out_unlock;
}
semnum = array_index_nospec(semnum, nsems);
curr = &sma->sems[semnum];
switch (cmd) {
case GETVAL:
err = curr->semval;
goto out_unlock;
case GETPID:
err = pid_vnr(curr->sempid);
goto out_unlock;
case GETNCNT:
err = count_semcnt(sma, semnum, 0 );
goto out_unlock;
case GETZCNT:
err = count_semcnt(sma, semnum, 1 );
goto out_unlock;
}
out_unlock:
sem_unlock(sma, -1 );
out_rcu_wakeup:
rcu_read_unlock();
wake_up_q(&wake_q);
out_free:
if (sem_io != fast_sem_io)
kvfree(sem_io);
return err;
}
static inline unsigned long
copy_semid_from_user(struct semid64_ds *out, void __user *buf, int version)
{
switch (version) {
case IPC_64:
if (copy_from_user(out, buf, sizeof (*out)))
return -EFAULT;
return 0 ;
case IPC_OLD:
{
struct semid_ds tbuf_old;
if (copy_from_user(&tbuf_old, buf, sizeof (tbuf_old)))
return -EFAULT;
out->sem_perm.uid = tbuf_old.sem_perm.uid;
out->sem_perm.gid = tbuf_old.sem_perm.gid;
out->sem_perm.mode = tbuf_old.sem_perm.mode;
return 0 ;
}
default :
return -EINVAL;
}
}
/*
* This function handles some semctl commands which require the rwsem
* to be held in write mode .
* NOTE : no locks must be held , the rwsem is taken inside this function .
*/
static int semctl_down(struct ipc_namespace *ns, int semid,
int cmd, struct semid64_ds *semid64)
{
struct sem_array *sma;
int err;
struct kern_ipc_perm *ipcp;
down_write(&sem_ids(ns).rwsem);
rcu_read_lock();
ipcp = ipcctl_obtain_check(ns, &sem_ids(ns), semid, cmd,
&semid64->sem_perm, 0 );
if (IS_ERR(ipcp)) {
err = PTR_ERR(ipcp);
goto out_unlock1;
}
sma = container_of(ipcp, struct sem_array, sem_perm);
err = security_sem_semctl(&sma->sem_perm, cmd);
if (err)
goto out_unlock1;
switch (cmd) {
case IPC_RMID:
sem_lock(sma, NULL, -1 );
/* freeary unlocks the ipc object and rcu */
freeary(ns, ipcp);
goto out_up;
case IPC_SET:
sem_lock(sma, NULL, -1 );
err = ipc_update_perm(&semid64->sem_perm, ipcp);
if (err)
goto out_unlock0;
sma->sem_ctime = ktime_get_real_seconds();
break ;
default :
err = -EINVAL;
goto out_unlock1;
}
out_unlock0:
sem_unlock(sma, -1 );
out_unlock1:
rcu_read_unlock();
out_up:
up_write(&sem_ids(ns).rwsem);
return err;
}
static long ksys_semctl(int semid, int semnum, int cmd, unsigned long arg, int version)
{
struct ipc_namespace *ns;
void __user *p = (void __user *)arg;
struct semid64_ds semid64;
int err;
if (semid < 0 )
return -EINVAL;
ns = current->nsproxy->ipc_ns;
switch (cmd) {
case IPC_INFO:
case SEM_INFO:
return semctl_info(ns, semid, cmd, p);
case IPC_STAT:
case SEM_STAT:
case SEM_STAT_ANY:
err = semctl_stat(ns, semid, cmd, &semid64);
if (err < 0 )
return err;
if (copy_semid_to_user(p, &semid64, version))
err = -EFAULT;
return err;
case GETALL:
case GETVAL:
case GETPID:
case GETNCNT:
case GETZCNT:
case SETALL:
return semctl_main(ns, semid, semnum, cmd, p);
case SETVAL: {
int val;
#if defined (CONFIG_64BIT) && defined (__BIG_ENDIAN)
/* big-endian 64bit */
val = arg >> 32 ;
#else
/* 32bit or little-endian 64bit */
val = arg;
#endif
return semctl_setval(ns, semid, semnum, val);
}
case IPC_SET:
if (copy_semid_from_user(&semid64, p, version))
return -EFAULT;
fallthrough;
case IPC_RMID:
return semctl_down(ns, semid, cmd, &semid64);
default :
return -EINVAL;
}
}
SYSCALL_DEFINE4(semctl, int , semid, int , semnum, int , cmd, unsigned long , arg)
{
return ksys_semctl(semid, semnum, cmd, arg, IPC_64);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_WANT_IPC_PARSE_VERSION
long ksys_old_semctl(int semid, int semnum, int cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
int version = ipc_parse_version(&cmd);
return ksys_semctl(semid, semnum, cmd, arg, version);
}
SYSCALL_DEFINE4(old_semctl, int , semid, int , semnum, int , cmd, unsigned long , arg)
{
return ksys_old_semctl(semid, semnum, cmd, arg);
}
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT
struct compat_semid_ds {
struct compat_ipc_perm sem_perm;
old_time32_t sem_otime;
old_time32_t sem_ctime;
compat_uptr_t sem_base;
compat_uptr_t sem_pending;
compat_uptr_t sem_pending_last;
compat_uptr_t undo;
unsigned short sem_nsems;
};
static int copy_compat_semid_from_user(struct semid64_ds *out, void __user *buf,
int version)
{
memset(out, 0 , sizeof (*out));
if (version == IPC_64) {
struct compat_semid64_ds __user *p = buf;
return get_compat_ipc64_perm(&out->sem_perm, &p->sem_perm);
} else {
struct compat_semid_ds __user *p = buf;
return get_compat_ipc_perm(&out->sem_perm, &p->sem_perm);
}
}
static int copy_compat_semid_to_user(void __user *buf, struct semid64_ds *in,
int version)
{
if (version == IPC_64) {
struct compat_semid64_ds v;
memset(&v, 0 , sizeof (v));
to_compat_ipc64_perm(&v.sem_perm, &in->sem_perm);
v.sem_otime = lower_32_bits(in->sem_otime);
v.sem_otime_high = upper_32_bits(in->sem_otime);
v.sem_ctime = lower_32_bits(in->sem_ctime);
v.sem_ctime_high = upper_32_bits(in->sem_ctime);
v.sem_nsems = in->sem_nsems;
return copy_to_user(buf, &v, sizeof (v));
} else {
struct compat_semid_ds v;
memset(&v, 0 , sizeof (v));
to_compat_ipc_perm(&v.sem_perm, &in->sem_perm);
v.sem_otime = in->sem_otime;
v.sem_ctime = in->sem_ctime;
v.sem_nsems = in->sem_nsems;
return copy_to_user(buf, &v, sizeof (v));
}
}
static long compat_ksys_semctl(int semid, int semnum, int cmd, int arg, int version)
{
void __user *p = compat_ptr(arg);
struct ipc_namespace *ns;
struct semid64_ds semid64;
int err;
ns = current->nsproxy->ipc_ns;
if (semid < 0 )
return -EINVAL;
switch (cmd & (~IPC_64)) {
case IPC_INFO:
case SEM_INFO:
return semctl_info(ns, semid, cmd, p);
case IPC_STAT:
case SEM_STAT:
case SEM_STAT_ANY:
err = semctl_stat(ns, semid, cmd, &semid64);
if (err < 0 )
return err;
if (copy_compat_semid_to_user(p, &semid64, version))
err = -EFAULT;
return err;
case GETVAL:
case GETPID:
case GETNCNT:
case GETZCNT:
case GETALL:
case SETALL:
return semctl_main(ns, semid, semnum, cmd, p);
case SETVAL:
return semctl_setval(ns, semid, semnum, arg);
case IPC_SET:
if (copy_compat_semid_from_user(&semid64, p, version))
return -EFAULT;
fallthrough;
case IPC_RMID:
return semctl_down(ns, semid, cmd, &semid64);
default :
return -EINVAL;
}
}
COMPAT_SYSCALL_DEFINE4(semctl, int , semid, int , semnum, int , cmd, int , arg)
{
return compat_ksys_semctl(semid, semnum, cmd, arg, IPC_64);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_ARCH_WANT_COMPAT_IPC_PARSE_VERSION
long compat_ksys_old_semctl(int semid, int semnum, int cmd, int arg)
{
int version = compat_ipc_parse_version(&cmd);
return compat_ksys_semctl(semid, semnum, cmd, arg, version);
}
COMPAT_SYSCALL_DEFINE4(old_semctl, int , semid, int , semnum, int , cmd, int , arg)
{
return compat_ksys_old_semctl(semid, semnum, cmd, arg);
}
#endif
#endif
/* If the task doesn't already have a undo_list, then allocate one
* here . We guarantee there is only one thread using this undo list ,
* and current is THE ONE
*
* If this allocation and assignment succeeds , but later
* portions of this code fail , there is no need to free the sem_undo_list .
* Just let it stay associated with the task , and it ' ll be freed later
* at exit time .
*
* This can block , so callers must hold no locks .
*/
static inline int get_undo_list(struct sem_undo_list **undo_listp)
{
struct sem_undo_list *undo_list;
undo_list = current->sysvsem.undo_list;
if (!undo_list) {
undo_list = kzalloc(sizeof (*undo_list), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
if (undo_list == NULL)
return -ENOMEM;
spin_lock_init(&undo_list->lock);
refcount_set(&undo_list->refcnt, 1 );
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&undo_list->list_proc);
current->sysvsem.undo_list = undo_list;
}
*undo_listp = undo_list;
return 0 ;
}
static struct sem_undo *__lookup_undo(struct sem_undo_list *ulp, int semid)
{
struct sem_undo *un;
list_for_each_entry_rcu(un, &ulp->list_proc, list_proc,
spin_is_locked(&ulp->lock)) {
if (un->semid == semid)
return un;
}
return NULL;
}
static struct sem_undo *lookup_undo(struct sem_undo_list *ulp, int semid)
{
struct sem_undo *un;
assert_spin_locked(&ulp->lock);
un = __lookup_undo(ulp, semid);
if (un) {
list_del_rcu(&un->list_proc);
list_add_rcu(&un->list_proc, &ulp->list_proc);
}
return un;
}
/**
* find_alloc_undo - lookup ( and if not present create ) undo array
* @ ns : namespace
* @ semid : semaphore array id
*
* The function looks up ( and if not present creates ) the undo structure .
* The size of the undo structure depends on the size of the semaphore
* array , thus the alloc path is not that straightforward .
* Lifetime - rules : sem_undo is rcu - protected , on success , the function
* performs a rcu_read_lock ( ) .
*/
static struct sem_undo *find_alloc_undo(struct ipc_namespace *ns, int semid)
{
struct sem_array *sma;
struct sem_undo_list *ulp;
struct sem_undo *un, *new ;
int nsems, error;
error = get_undo_list(&ulp);
if (error)
return ERR_PTR(error);
rcu_read_lock();
spin_lock(&ulp->lock);
un = lookup_undo(ulp, semid);
spin_unlock(&ulp->lock);
if (likely(un != NULL))
goto out;
/* no undo structure around - allocate one. */
/* step 1: figure out the size of the semaphore array */
sma = sem_obtain_object_check(ns, semid);
if (IS_ERR(sma)) {
rcu_read_unlock();
return ERR_CAST(sma);
}
nsems = sma->sem_nsems;
if (!ipc_rcu_getref(&sma->sem_perm)) {
rcu_read_unlock();
un = ERR_PTR(-EIDRM);
goto out;
}
rcu_read_unlock();
/* step 2: allocate new undo structure */
new = kvzalloc(struct_size(new , semadj, nsems), GFP_KERNEL_ACCOUNT);
if (!new ) {
ipc_rcu_putref(&sma->sem_perm, sem_rcu_free);
return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
}
/* step 3: Acquire the lock on semaphore array */
rcu_read_lock();
sem_lock_and_putref(sma);
if (!ipc_valid_object(&sma->sem_perm)) {
sem_unlock(sma, -1 );
rcu_read_unlock();
kvfree(new );
un = ERR_PTR(-EIDRM);
goto out;
}
spin_lock(&ulp->lock);
/*
* step 4 : check for races : did someone else allocate the undo struct ?
*/
un = lookup_undo(ulp, semid);
if (un) {
spin_unlock(&ulp->lock);
kvfree(new );
goto success;
}
/* step 5: initialize & link new undo structure */
new ->ulp = ulp;
new ->semid = semid;
assert_spin_locked(&ulp->lock);
list_add_rcu(&new ->list_proc, &ulp->list_proc);
ipc_assert_locked_object(&sma->sem_perm);
list_add(&new ->list_id, &sma->list_id);
un = new ;
spin_unlock(&ulp->lock);
success:
sem_unlock(sma, -1 );
out:
return un;
}
long __do_semtimedop(int semid, struct sembuf *sops,
unsigned nsops, const struct timespec64 *timeout,
struct ipc_namespace *ns)
{
int error = -EINVAL;
struct sem_array *sma;
struct sembuf *sop;
struct sem_undo *un;
int max, locknum;
bool undos = false , alter = false , dupsop = false ;
struct sem_queue queue;
unsigned long dup = 0 ;
ktime_t expires, *exp = NULL;
bool timed_out = false ;
if (nsops < 1 || semid < 0 )
return -EINVAL;
if (nsops > ns->sc_semopm)
return -E2BIG;
if (timeout) {
if (!timespec64_valid(timeout))
return -EINVAL;
expires = ktime_add_safe(ktime_get(),
timespec64_to_ktime(*timeout));
exp = &expires;
}
max = 0 ;
for (sop = sops; sop < sops + nsops; sop++) {
unsigned long mask = 1 ULL << ((sop->sem_num) % BITS_PER_LONG);
if (sop->sem_num >= max)
max = sop->sem_num;
if (sop->sem_flg & SEM_UNDO)
undos = true ;
if (dup & mask) {
/*
* There was a previous alter access that appears
* to have accessed the same semaphore , thus use
* the dupsop logic . " appears " , because the detection
* can only check % BITS_PER_LONG .
*/
dupsop = true ;
}
if (sop->sem_op != 0 ) {
alter = true ;
dup |= mask;
}
}
if (undos) {
/* On success, find_alloc_undo takes the rcu_read_lock */
un = find_alloc_undo(ns, semid);
if (IS_ERR(un)) {
error = PTR_ERR(un);
goto out;
}
} else {
un = NULL;
rcu_read_lock();
}
sma = sem_obtain_object_check(ns, semid);
if (IS_ERR(sma)) {
rcu_read_unlock();
error = PTR_ERR(sma);
goto out;
}
error = -EFBIG;
if (max >= sma->sem_nsems) {
rcu_read_unlock();
goto out;
}
error = -EACCES;
if (ipcperms(ns, &sma->sem_perm, alter ? S_IWUGO : S_IRUGO)) {
rcu_read_unlock();
goto out;
}
error = security_sem_semop(&sma->sem_perm, sops, nsops, alter);
if (error) {
rcu_read_unlock();
goto out;
}
error = -EIDRM;
locknum = sem_lock(sma, sops, nsops);
/*
* We eventually might perform the following check in a lockless
* fashion , considering ipc_valid_object ( ) locking constraints .
* If nsops = = 1 and there is no contention for sem_perm . lock , then
* only a per - semaphore lock is held and it ' s OK to proceed with the
* check below . More details on the fine grained locking scheme
* entangled here and why it ' s RMID race safe on comments at sem_lock ( )
*/
if (!ipc_valid_object(&sma->sem_perm))
goto out_unlock;
/*
* semid identifiers are not unique - find_alloc_undo may have
* allocated an undo structure , it was invalidated by an RMID
* and now a new array with received the same id . Check and fail .
* This case can be detected checking un - > semid . The existence of
* " un " itself is guaranteed by rcu .
*/
if (un && un->semid == -1 )
goto out_unlock;
queue.sops = sops;
queue.nsops = nsops;
queue.undo = un;
queue.pid = task_tgid(current);
queue.alter = alter;
queue.dupsop = dupsop;
error = perform_atomic_semop(sma, &queue);
if (error == 0 ) { /* non-blocking successful path */
DEFINE_WAKE_Q(wake_q);
/*
* If the operation was successful , then do
* the required updates .
*/
if (alter)
do_smart_update(sma, sops, nsops, 1 , &wake_q);
else
set_semotime(sma, sops);
sem_unlock(sma, locknum);
rcu_read_unlock();
wake_up_q(&wake_q);
goto out;
}
if (error < 0 ) /* non-blocking error path */
goto out_unlock;
/*
* We need to sleep on this operation , so we put the current
* task into the pending queue and go to sleep .
*/
if (nsops == 1 ) {
struct sem *curr;
int idx = array_index_nospec(sops->sem_num, sma->sem_nsems);
curr = &sma->sems[idx];
if (alter) {
if (sma->complex_count) {
list_add_tail(&queue.list,
&sma->pending_alter);
} else {
list_add_tail(&queue.list,
&curr->pending_alter);
}
} else {
list_add_tail(&queue.list, &curr->pending_const);
}
} else {
if (!sma->complex_count)
merge_queues(sma);
if (alter)
list_add_tail(&queue.list, &sma->pending_alter);
else
list_add_tail(&queue.list, &sma->pending_const);
sma->complex_count++;
}
do {
/* memory ordering ensured by the lock in sem_lock() */
WRITE_ONCE(queue.status, -EINTR);
queue.sleeper = current;
/* memory ordering is ensured by the lock in sem_lock() */
__set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE);
sem_unlock(sma, locknum);
rcu_read_unlock();
timed_out = !schedule_hrtimeout_range(exp,
current->timer_slack_ns, HRTIMER_MODE_ABS);
/*
* fastpath : the semop has completed , either successfully or
* not , from the syscall pov , is quite irrelevant to us at this
* point ; we ' re done .
*
* We _ do_ care , nonetheless , about being awoken by a signal or
* spuriously . The queue . status is checked again in the
* slowpath ( aka after taking sem_lock ) , such that we can detect
* scenarios where we were awakened externally , during the
* window between wake_q_add ( ) and wake_up_q ( ) .
*/
rcu_read_lock();
error = READ_ONCE(queue.status);
if (error != -EINTR) {
/* see SEM_BARRIER_2 for purpose/pairing */
smp_acquire__after_ctrl_dep();
rcu_read_unlock();
goto out;
}
locknum = sem_lock(sma, sops, nsops);
if (!ipc_valid_object(&sma->sem_perm))
goto out_unlock;
/*
* No necessity for any barrier : We are protect by sem_lock ( )
*/
error = READ_ONCE(queue.status);
/*
* If queue . status ! = - EINTR we are woken up by another process .
* Leave without unlink_queue ( ) , but with sem_unlock ( ) .
*/
if (error != -EINTR)
goto out_unlock;
/*
* If an interrupt occurred we have to clean up the queue .
*/
if (timed_out)
error = -EAGAIN;
} while (error == -EINTR && !signal_pending(current)); /* spurious */
unlink_queue(sma, &queue);
out_unlock:
sem_unlock(sma, locknum);
rcu_read_unlock();
out:
return error;
}
static long do_semtimedop(int semid, struct sembuf __user *tsops,
unsigned nsops, const struct timespec64 *timeout)
{
struct sembuf fast_sops[SEMOPM_FAST];
struct sembuf *sops = fast_sops;
struct ipc_namespace *ns;
int ret;
ns = current->nsproxy->ipc_ns;
if (nsops > ns->sc_semopm)
return -E2BIG;
if (nsops < 1 )
return -EINVAL;
if (nsops > SEMOPM_FAST) {
sops = kvmalloc_array(nsops, sizeof (*sops), GFP_KERNEL);
if (sops == NULL)
return -ENOMEM;
}
if (copy_from_user(sops, tsops, nsops * sizeof (*tsops))) {
ret = -EFAULT;
goto out_free;
}
ret = __do_semtimedop(semid, sops, nsops, timeout, ns);
out_free:
if (sops != fast_sops)
kvfree(sops);
return ret;
}
long ksys_semtimedop(int semid, struct sembuf __user *tsops,
unsigned int nsops, const struct __kernel_timespec __user *timeout)
{
if (timeout) {
struct timespec64 ts;
if (get_timespec64(&ts, timeout))
return -EFAULT;
return do_semtimedop(semid, tsops, nsops, &ts);
}
return do_semtimedop(semid, tsops, nsops, NULL);
}
SYSCALL_DEFINE4(semtimedop, int , semid, struct sembuf __user *, tsops,
unsigned int , nsops, const struct __kernel_timespec __user *, timeout)
{
return ksys_semtimedop(semid, tsops, nsops, timeout);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT_32BIT_TIME
long compat_ksys_semtimedop(int semid, struct sembuf __user *tsems,
unsigned int nsops,
const struct old_timespec32 __user *timeout)
{
if (timeout) {
struct timespec64 ts;
if (get_old_timespec32(&ts, timeout))
return -EFAULT;
return do_semtimedop(semid, tsems, nsops, &ts);
}
return do_semtimedop(semid, tsems, nsops, NULL);
}
SYSCALL_DEFINE4(semtimedop_time32, int , semid, struct sembuf __user *, tsems,
unsigned int , nsops,
const struct old_timespec32 __user *, timeout)
{
return compat_ksys_semtimedop(semid, tsems, nsops, timeout);
}
#endif
SYSCALL_DEFINE3(semop, int , semid, struct sembuf __user *, tsops,
unsigned , nsops)
{
return do_semtimedop(semid, tsops, nsops, NULL);
}
/* If CLONE_SYSVSEM is set, establish sharing of SEM_UNDO state between
* parent and child tasks .
*/
int copy_semundo(unsigned long clone_flags, struct task_struct *tsk)
{
struct sem_undo_list *undo_list;
int error;
if (clone_flags & CLONE_SYSVSEM) {
error = get_undo_list(&undo_list);
if (error)
return error;
refcount_inc(&undo_list->refcnt);
tsk->sysvsem.undo_list = undo_list;
} else
tsk->sysvsem.undo_list = NULL;
return 0 ;
}
/*
* add semadj values to semaphores , free undo structures .
* undo structures are not freed when semaphore arrays are destroyed
* so some of them may be out of date .
* IMPLEMENTATION NOTE : There is some confusion over whether the
* set of adjustments that needs to be done should be done in an atomic
* manner or not . That is , if we are attempting to decrement the semval
* should we queue up and wait until we can do so legally ?
* The original implementation attempted to do this ( queue and wait ) .
* The current implementation does not do so . The POSIX standard
* and SVID should be consulted to determine what behavior is mandated .
*/
void exit_sem(struct task_struct *tsk)
{
struct sem_undo_list *ulp;
ulp = tsk->sysvsem.undo_list;
if (!ulp)
return ;
tsk->sysvsem.undo_list = NULL;
if (!refcount_dec_and_test(&ulp->refcnt))
return ;
for (;;) {
struct sem_array *sma;
struct sem_undo *un;
int semid, i;
DEFINE_WAKE_Q(wake_q);
cond_resched();
rcu_read_lock();
un = list_entry_rcu(ulp->list_proc.next,
struct sem_undo, list_proc);
if (&un->list_proc == &ulp->list_proc) {
/*
* We must wait for freeary ( ) before freeing this ulp ,
* in case we raced with last sem_undo . There is a small
* possibility where we exit while freeary ( ) didn ' t
* finish unlocking sem_undo_list .
*/
spin_lock(&ulp->lock);
spin_unlock(&ulp->lock);
rcu_read_unlock();
break ;
}
spin_lock(&ulp->lock);
semid = un->semid;
spin_unlock(&ulp->lock);
/* exit_sem raced with IPC_RMID, nothing to do */
if (semid == -1 ) {
rcu_read_unlock();
continue ;
}
sma = sem_obtain_object_check(tsk->nsproxy->ipc_ns, semid);
/* exit_sem raced with IPC_RMID, nothing to do */
if (IS_ERR(sma)) {
rcu_read_unlock();
continue ;
}
sem_lock(sma, NULL, -1 );
/* exit_sem raced with IPC_RMID, nothing to do */
if (!ipc_valid_object(&sma->sem_perm)) {
sem_unlock(sma, -1 );
rcu_read_unlock();
continue ;
}
un = __lookup_undo(ulp, semid);
if (un == NULL) {
/* exit_sem raced with IPC_RMID+semget() that created
* exactly the same semid . Nothing to do .
*/
sem_unlock(sma, -1 );
rcu_read_unlock();
continue ;
}
/* remove un from the linked lists */
ipc_assert_locked_object(&sma->sem_perm);
list_del(&un->list_id);
spin_lock(&ulp->lock);
list_del_rcu(&un->list_proc);
spin_unlock(&ulp->lock);
/* perform adjustments registered in un */
for (i = 0 ; i < sma->sem_nsems; i++) {
struct sem *semaphore = &sma->sems[i];
if (un->semadj[i]) {
semaphore->semval += un->semadj[i];
/*
* Range checks of the new semaphore value ,
* not defined by sus :
* - Some unices ignore the undo entirely
* ( e . g . HP UX 11 i 11 . 22 , Tru64 V5 . 1 )
* - some cap the value ( e . g . FreeBSD caps
* at 0 , but doesn ' t enforce SEMVMX )
*
* Linux caps the semaphore value , both at 0
* and at SEMVMX .
*
* Manfred < manfred @ colorfullife . com >
*/
if (semaphore->semval < 0 )
semaphore->semval = 0 ;
if (semaphore->semval > SEMVMX)
semaphore->semval = SEMVMX;
ipc_update_pid(&semaphore->sempid, task_tgid(current));
}
}
/* maybe some queued-up processes were waiting for this */
do_smart_update(sma, NULL, 0 , 1 , &wake_q);
sem_unlock(sma, -1 );
rcu_read_unlock();
wake_up_q(&wake_q);
kvfree_rcu(un, rcu);
}
kfree(ulp);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
static int sysvipc_sem_proc_show(struct seq_file *s, void *it)
{
struct user_namespace *user_ns = seq_user_ns(s);
struct kern_ipc_perm *ipcp = it;
struct sem_array *sma = container_of(ipcp, struct sem_array, sem_perm);
time64_t sem_otime;
/*
* The proc interface isn ' t aware of sem_lock ( ) , it calls
* ipc_lock_object ( ) , i . e . spin_lock ( & sma - > sem_perm . lock ) .
* ( in sysvipc_find_ipc )
* In order to stay compatible with sem_lock ( ) , we must
* enter / leave complex_mode .
*/
complexmode_enter(sma);
sem_otime = get_semotime(sma);
seq_printf(s,
"%10d %10d %4o %10u %5u %5u %5u %5u %10llu %10llu\n" ,
sma->sem_perm.key,
sma->sem_perm.id,
sma->sem_perm.mode,
sma->sem_nsems,
from_kuid_munged(user_ns, sma->sem_perm.uid),
from_kgid_munged(user_ns, sma->sem_perm.gid),
from_kuid_munged(user_ns, sma->sem_perm.cuid),
from_kgid_munged(user_ns, sma->sem_perm.cgid),
sem_otime,
sma->sem_ctime);
complexmode_tryleave(sma);
return 0 ;
}
#endif
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(vorverarbeitet am 2026-09-28)
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