// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
* Copyright ( c ) 2006 - 2007 Silicon Graphics , Inc .
* All Rights Reserved .
*/
#include "xfs.h"
#include "xfs_mru_cache.h"
/*
* The MRU Cache data structure consists of a data store , an array of lists and
* a lock to protect its internal state . At initialisation time , the client
* supplies an element lifetime in milliseconds and a group count , as well as a
* function pointer to call when deleting elements . A data structure for
* queueing up work in the form of timed callbacks is also included .
*
* The group count controls how many lists are created , and thereby how finely
* the elements are grouped in time . When reaping occurs , all the elements in
* all the lists whose time has expired are deleted .
*
* To give an example of how this works in practice , consider a client that
* initialises an MRU Cache with a lifetime of ten seconds and a group count of
* five . Five internal lists will be created , each representing a two second
* period in time . When the first element is added , time zero for the data
* structure is initialised to the current time .
*
* All the elements added in the first two seconds are appended to the first
* list . Elements added in the third second go into the second list , and so on .
* If an element is accessed at any point , it is removed from its list and
* inserted at the head of the current most - recently - used list .
*
* The reaper function will have nothing to do until at least twelve seconds
* have elapsed since the first element was added . The reason for this is that
* if it were called at t = 11 s , there could be elements in the first list that
* have only been inactive for nine seconds , so it still does nothing . If it is
* called anywhere between t = 12 and t = 14 seconds , it will delete all the
* elements that remain in the first list . It ' s therefore possible for elements
* to remain in the data store even after they ' ve been inactive for up to
* ( t + t / g ) seconds , where t is the inactive element lifetime and g is the
* number of groups .
*
* The above example assumes that the reaper function gets called at least once
* every ( t / g ) seconds . If it is called less frequently , unused elements will
* accumulate in the reap list until the reaper function is eventually called .
* The current implementation uses work queue callbacks to carefully time the
* reaper function calls , so this should happen rarely , if at all .
*
* From a design perspective , the primary reason for the choice of a list array
* representing discrete time intervals is that it ' s only practical to reap
* expired elements in groups of some appreciable size . This automatically
* introduces a granularity to element lifetimes , so there ' s no point storing an
* individual timeout with each element that specifies a more precise reap time .
* The bonus is a saving of sizeof ( long ) bytes of memory per element stored .
*
* The elements could have been stored in just one list , but an array of
* counters or pointers would need to be maintained to allow them to be divided
* up into discrete time groups . More critically , the process of touching or
* removing an element would involve walking large portions of the entire list ,
* which would have a detrimental effect on performance . The additional memory
* requirement for the array of list heads is minimal .
*
* When an element is touched or deleted , it needs to be removed from its
* current list . Doubly linked lists are used to make the list maintenance
* portion of these operations O ( 1 ) . Since reaper timing can be imprecise ,
* inserts and lookups can occur when there are no free lists available . When
* this happens , all the elements on the LRU list need to be migrated to the end
* of the reap list . To keep the list maintenance portion of these operations
* O ( 1 ) also , list tails need to be accessible without walking the entire list .
* This is the reason why doubly linked list heads are used .
*/
/*
* An MRU Cache is a dynamic data structure that stores its elements in a way
* that allows efficient lookups , but also groups them into discrete time
* intervals based on insertion time . This allows elements to be efficiently
* and automatically reaped after a fixed period of inactivity .
*
* When a client data pointer is stored in the MRU Cache it needs to be added to
* both the data store and to one of the lists . It must also be possible to
* access each of these entries via the other , i . e . to :
*
* a ) Walk a list , removing the corresponding data store entry for each item .
* b ) Look up a data store entry , then access its list entry directly .
*
* To achieve both of these goals , each entry must contain both a list entry and
* a key , in addition to the user ' s data pointer . Note that it ' s not a good
* idea to have the client embed one of these structures at the top of their own
* data structure , because inserting the same item more than once would most
* likely result in a loop in one of the lists . That ' s a sure - fire recipe for
* an infinite loop in the code .
*/
struct xfs_mru_cache {
struct radix_tree_root store; /* Core storage data structure. */
struct list_head *lists; /* Array of lists, one per grp. */
struct list_head reap_list; /* Elements overdue for reaping. */
spinlock_t lock; /* Lock to protect this struct. */
unsigned int grp_count; /* Number of discrete groups. */
unsigned int grp_time; /* Time period spanned by grps. */
unsigned int lru_grp; /* Group containing time zero. */
unsigned long time_zero; /* Time first element was added. */
xfs_mru_cache_free_func_t free_func; /* Function pointer for freeing. */
struct delayed_work work; /* Workqueue data for reaping. */
unsigned int queued; /* work has been queued */
void *data;
};
static struct workqueue_struct *xfs_mru_reap_wq;
/*
* When inserting , destroying or reaping , it ' s first necessary to update the
* lists relative to a particular time . In the case of destroying , that time
* will be well in the future to ensure that all items are moved to the reap
* list . In all other cases though , the time will be the current time .
*
* This function enters a loop , moving the contents of the LRU list to the reap
* list again and again until either a ) the lists are all empty , or b ) time zero
* has been advanced sufficiently to be within the immediate element lifetime .
*
* Case a ) above is detected by counting how many groups are migrated and
* stopping when they ' ve all been moved . Case b ) is detected by monitoring the
* time_zero field , which is updated as each group is migrated .
*
* The return value is the earliest time that more migration could be needed , or
* zero if there ' s no need to schedule more work because the lists are empty .
*/
STATIC unsigned long
_xfs_mru_cache_migrate(
struct xfs_mru_cache *mru,
unsigned long now)
{
unsigned int grp;
unsigned int migrated = 0 ;
struct list_head *lru_list;
/* Nothing to do if the data store is empty. */
if (!mru->time_zero)
return 0 ;
/* While time zero is older than the time spanned by all the lists. */
while (mru->time_zero <= now - mru->grp_count * mru->grp_time) {
/*
* If the LRU list isn ' t empty , migrate its elements to the tail
* of the reap list .
*/
lru_list = mru->lists + mru->lru_grp;
if (!list_empty(lru_list))
list_splice_init(lru_list, mru->reap_list.prev);
/*
* Advance the LRU group number , freeing the old LRU list to
* become the new MRU list ; advance time zero accordingly .
*/
mru->lru_grp = (mru->lru_grp + 1 ) % mru->grp_count;
mru->time_zero += mru->grp_time;
/*
* If reaping is so far behind that all the elements on all the
* lists have been migrated to the reap list , it ' s now empty .
*/
if (++migrated == mru->grp_count) {
mru->lru_grp = 0 ;
mru->time_zero = 0 ;
return 0 ;
}
}
/* Find the first non-empty list from the LRU end. */
for (grp = 0 ; grp < mru->grp_count; grp++) {
/* Check the grp'th list from the LRU end. */
lru_list = mru->lists + ((mru->lru_grp + grp) % mru->grp_count);
if (!list_empty(lru_list))
return mru->time_zero +
(mru->grp_count + grp) * mru->grp_time;
}
/* All the lists must be empty. */
mru->lru_grp = 0 ;
mru->time_zero = 0 ;
return 0 ;
}
/*
* When inserting or doing a lookup , an element needs to be inserted into the
* MRU list . The lists must be migrated first to ensure that they ' re
* up - to - date , otherwise the new element could be given a shorter lifetime in
* the cache than it should .
*/
STATIC void
_xfs_mru_cache_list_insert(
struct xfs_mru_cache *mru,
struct xfs_mru_cache_elem *elem)
{
unsigned int grp = 0 ;
unsigned long now = jiffies;
/*
* If the data store is empty , initialise time zero , leave grp set to
* zero and start the work queue timer if necessary . Otherwise , set grp
* to the number of group times that have elapsed since time zero .
*/
if (!_xfs_mru_cache_migrate(mru, now)) {
mru->time_zero = now;
if (!mru->queued) {
mru->queued = 1 ;
queue_delayed_work(xfs_mru_reap_wq, &mru->work,
mru->grp_count * mru->grp_time);
}
} else {
grp = (now - mru->time_zero) / mru->grp_time;
grp = (mru->lru_grp + grp) % mru->grp_count;
}
/* Insert the element at the tail of the corresponding list. */
list_add_tail(&elem->list_node, mru->lists + grp);
}
/*
* When destroying or reaping , all the elements that were migrated to the reap
* list need to be deleted . For each element this involves removing it from the
* data store , removing it from the reap list , calling the client ' s free
* function and deleting the element from the element cache .
*
* We get called holding the mru - > lock , which we drop and then reacquire .
* Sparse need special help with this to tell it we know what we are doing .
*/
STATIC void
_xfs_mru_cache_clear_reap_list(
struct xfs_mru_cache *mru)
__releases(mru->lock) __acquires(mru->lock)
{
struct xfs_mru_cache_elem *elem, *next;
LIST_HEAD(tmp);
list_for_each_entry_safe(elem, next, &mru->reap_list, list_node) {
/* Remove the element from the data store. */
radix_tree_delete(&mru->store, elem->key);
/*
* remove to temp list so it can be freed without
* needing to hold the lock
*/
list_move(&elem->list_node, &tmp);
}
spin_unlock(&mru->lock);
list_for_each_entry_safe(elem, next, &tmp, list_node) {
list_del_init(&elem->list_node);
mru->free_func(mru->data, elem);
}
spin_lock(&mru->lock);
}
/*
* We fire the reap timer every group expiry interval so
* we always have a reaper ready to run . This makes shutdown
* and flushing of the reaper easy to do . Hence we need to
* keep when the next reap must occur so we can determine
* at each interval whether there is anything we need to do .
*/
STATIC void
_xfs_mru_cache_reap(
struct work_struct *work)
{
struct xfs_mru_cache *mru =
container_of(work, struct xfs_mru_cache, work.work);
unsigned long now, next;
ASSERT(mru && mru->lists);
if (!mru || !mru->lists)
return ;
spin_lock(&mru->lock);
next = _xfs_mru_cache_migrate(mru, jiffies);
_xfs_mru_cache_clear_reap_list(mru);
mru->queued = next;
if ((mru->queued > 0 )) {
now = jiffies;
if (next <= now)
next = 0 ;
else
next -= now;
queue_delayed_work(xfs_mru_reap_wq, &mru->work, next);
}
spin_unlock(&mru->lock);
}
int
xfs_mru_cache_init(void )
{
xfs_mru_reap_wq = alloc_workqueue("xfs_mru_cache" ,
XFS_WQFLAGS(WQ_MEM_RECLAIM | WQ_FREEZABLE), 1 );
if (!xfs_mru_reap_wq)
return -ENOMEM;
return 0 ;
}
void
xfs_mru_cache_uninit(void )
{
destroy_workqueue(xfs_mru_reap_wq);
}
/*
* To initialise a struct xfs_mru_cache pointer , call xfs_mru_cache_create ( )
* with the address of the pointer , a lifetime value in milliseconds , a group
* count and a free function to use when deleting elements . This function
* returns 0 if the initialisation was successful .
*/
int
xfs_mru_cache_create(
struct xfs_mru_cache **mrup,
void *data,
unsigned int lifetime_ms,
unsigned int grp_count,
xfs_mru_cache_free_func_t free_func)
{
struct xfs_mru_cache *mru = NULL;
int grp;
unsigned int grp_time;
if (mrup)
*mrup = NULL;
if (!mrup || !grp_count || !lifetime_ms || !free_func)
return -EINVAL;
if (!(grp_time = msecs_to_jiffies(lifetime_ms) / grp_count))
return -EINVAL;
mru = kzalloc(sizeof (*mru), GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOFAIL);
if (!mru)
return -ENOMEM;
/* An extra list is needed to avoid reaping up to a grp_time early. */
mru->grp_count = grp_count + 1 ;
mru->lists = kzalloc(mru->grp_count * sizeof (*mru->lists),
GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_NOFAIL);
if (!mru->lists) {
kfree(mru);
return -ENOMEM;
}
for (grp = 0 ; grp < mru->grp_count; grp++)
INIT_LIST_HEAD(mru->lists + grp);
/*
* We use GFP_KERNEL radix tree preload and do inserts under a
* spinlock so GFP_ATOMIC is appropriate for the radix tree itself .
*/
INIT_RADIX_TREE(&mru->store, GFP_ATOMIC);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&mru->reap_list);
spin_lock_init(&mru->lock);
INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&mru->work, _xfs_mru_cache_reap);
mru->grp_time = grp_time;
mru->free_func = free_func;
mru->data = data;
*mrup = mru;
return 0 ;
}
/*
* Call xfs_mru_cache_flush ( ) to flush out all cached entries , calling their
* free functions as they ' re deleted . When this function returns , the caller is
* guaranteed that all the free functions for all the elements have finished
* executing and the reaper is not running .
*/
static void
xfs_mru_cache_flush(
struct xfs_mru_cache *mru)
{
if (!mru || !mru->lists)
return ;
spin_lock(&mru->lock);
if (mru->queued) {
spin_unlock(&mru->lock);
cancel_delayed_work_sync(&mru->work);
spin_lock(&mru->lock);
}
_xfs_mru_cache_migrate(mru, jiffies + mru->grp_count * mru->grp_time);
_xfs_mru_cache_clear_reap_list(mru);
spin_unlock(&mru->lock);
}
void
xfs_mru_cache_destroy(
struct xfs_mru_cache *mru)
{
if (!mru || !mru->lists)
return ;
xfs_mru_cache_flush(mru);
kfree(mru->lists);
kfree(mru);
}
/*
* To insert an element , call xfs_mru_cache_insert ( ) with the data store , the
* element ' s key and the client data pointer . This function returns 0 on
* success or ENOMEM if memory for the data element couldn ' t be allocated .
*
* The passed in elem is freed through the per - cache free_func on failure .
*/
int
xfs_mru_cache_insert(
struct xfs_mru_cache *mru,
unsigned long key,
struct xfs_mru_cache_elem *elem)
{
int error = -EINVAL;
error = -ENOMEM;
if (radix_tree_preload(GFP_KERNEL))
goto out_free;
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&elem->list_node);
elem->key = key;
spin_lock(&mru->lock);
error = radix_tree_insert(&mru->store, key, elem);
radix_tree_preload_end();
if (!error)
_xfs_mru_cache_list_insert(mru, elem);
spin_unlock(&mru->lock);
if (error)
goto out_free;
return 0 ;
out_free:
mru->free_func(mru->data, elem);
return error;
}
/*
* To remove an element without calling the free function , call
* xfs_mru_cache_remove ( ) with the data store and the element ' s key . On success
* the client data pointer for the removed element is returned , otherwise this
* function will return a NULL pointer .
*/
struct xfs_mru_cache_elem *
xfs_mru_cache_remove(
struct xfs_mru_cache *mru,
unsigned long key)
{
struct xfs_mru_cache_elem *elem;
ASSERT(mru && mru->lists);
if (!mru || !mru->lists)
return NULL;
spin_lock(&mru->lock);
elem = radix_tree_delete(&mru->store, key);
if (elem)
list_del(&elem->list_node);
spin_unlock(&mru->lock);
return elem;
}
/*
* To remove and element and call the free function , call xfs_mru_cache_delete ( )
* with the data store and the element ' s key .
*/
void
xfs_mru_cache_delete(
struct xfs_mru_cache *mru,
unsigned long key)
{
struct xfs_mru_cache_elem *elem;
elem = xfs_mru_cache_remove(mru, key);
if (elem)
mru->free_func(mru->data, elem);
}
/*
* To look up an element using its key , call xfs_mru_cache_lookup ( ) with the
* data store and the element ' s key . If found , the element will be moved to the
* head of the MRU list to indicate that it ' s been touched .
*
* The internal data structures are protected by a spinlock that is STILL HELD
* when this function returns . Call xfs_mru_cache_done ( ) to release it . Note
* that it is not safe to call any function that might sleep in the interim .
*
* The implementation could have used reference counting to avoid this
* restriction , but since most clients simply want to get , set or test a member
* of the returned data structure , the extra per - element memory isn ' t warranted .
*
* If the element isn ' t found , this function returns NULL and the spinlock is
* released . xfs_mru_cache_done ( ) should NOT be called when this occurs .
*
* Because sparse isn ' t smart enough to know about conditional lock return
* status , we need to help it get it right by annotating the path that does
* not release the lock .
*/
struct xfs_mru_cache_elem *
xfs_mru_cache_lookup(
struct xfs_mru_cache *mru,
unsigned long key)
{
struct xfs_mru_cache_elem *elem;
ASSERT(mru && mru->lists);
if (!mru || !mru->lists)
return NULL;
spin_lock(&mru->lock);
elem = radix_tree_lookup(&mru->store, key);
if (elem) {
list_del(&elem->list_node);
_xfs_mru_cache_list_insert(mru, elem);
__release(mru_lock); /* help sparse not be stupid */
} else
spin_unlock(&mru->lock);
return elem;
}
/*
* To release the internal data structure spinlock after having performed an
* xfs_mru_cache_lookup ( ) or an xfs_mru_cache_peek ( ) , call xfs_mru_cache_done ( )
* with the data store pointer .
*/
void
xfs_mru_cache_done(
struct xfs_mru_cache *mru)
__releases(mru->lock)
{
spin_unlock(&mru->lock);
}
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