// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
* Data verification functions , i . e . hooks for - > readahead ( )
*
* Copyright 2019 Google LLC
*/
#include "fsverity_private.h"
#include <linux/bio.h>
#include <linux/export.h>
static struct workqueue_struct *fsverity_read_workqueue;
/*
* Returns true if the hash block with index @ hblock_idx in the tree , located in
* @ hpage , has already been verified .
*/
static bool is_hash_block_verified(struct fsverity_info *vi, struct page *hpage,
unsigned long hblock_idx)
{
unsigned int blocks_per_page;
unsigned int i;
/*
* When the Merkle tree block size and page size are the same , then the
* - > hash_block_verified bitmap isn ' t allocated , and we use PG_checked
* to directly indicate whether the page ' s block has been verified .
*
* Using PG_checked also guarantees that we re - verify hash pages that
* get evicted and re - instantiated from the backing storage , as new
* pages always start out with PG_checked cleared .
*/
if (!vi->hash_block_verified)
return PageChecked(hpage);
/*
* When the Merkle tree block size and page size differ , we use a bitmap
* to indicate whether each hash block has been verified .
*
* However , we still need to ensure that hash pages that get evicted and
* re - instantiated from the backing storage are re - verified . To do
* this , we use PG_checked again , but now it doesn ' t really mean
* " checked " . Instead , now it just serves as an indicator for whether
* the hash page is newly instantiated or not . If the page is new , as
* indicated by PG_checked = 0 , we clear the bitmap bits for the page ' s
* blocks since they are untrustworthy , then set PG_checked = 1 .
* Otherwise we return the bitmap bit for the requested block .
*
* Multiple threads may execute this code concurrently on the same page .
* This is safe because we use memory barriers to ensure that if a
* thread sees PG_checked = 1 , then it also sees the associated bitmap
* clearing to have occurred . Also , all writes and their corresponding
* reads are atomic , and all writes are safe to repeat in the event that
* multiple threads get into the PG_checked = 0 section . ( Clearing a
* bitmap bit again at worst causes a hash block to be verified
* redundantly . That event should be very rare , so it ' s not worth using
* a lock to avoid . Setting PG_checked again has no effect . )
*/
if (PageChecked(hpage)) {
/*
* A read memory barrier is needed here to give ACQUIRE
* semantics to the above PageChecked ( ) test .
*/
smp_rmb();
return test_bit(hblock_idx, vi->hash_block_verified);
}
blocks_per_page = vi->tree_params.blocks_per_page;
hblock_idx = round_down(hblock_idx, blocks_per_page);
for (i = 0 ; i < blocks_per_page; i++)
clear_bit(hblock_idx + i, vi->hash_block_verified);
/*
* A write memory barrier is needed here to give RELEASE semantics to
* the below SetPageChecked ( ) operation .
*/
smp_wmb();
SetPageChecked(hpage);
return false ;
}
/*
* Verify a single data block against the file ' s Merkle tree .
*
* In principle , we need to verify the entire path to the root node . However ,
* for efficiency the filesystem may cache the hash blocks . Therefore we need
* only ascend the tree until an already - verified hash block is seen , and then
* verify the path to that block .
*
* Return : % true if the data block is valid , else % false .
*/
static bool
verify_data_block(struct inode *inode, struct fsverity_info *vi,
const void *data, u64 data_pos, unsigned long max_ra_pages)
{
const struct merkle_tree_params *params = &vi->tree_params;
const unsigned int hsize = params->digest_size;
int level;
u8 _want_hash[FS_VERITY_MAX_DIGEST_SIZE];
const u8 *want_hash;
u8 real_hash[FS_VERITY_MAX_DIGEST_SIZE];
/* The hash blocks that are traversed, indexed by level */
struct {
/* Page containing the hash block */
struct page *page;
/* Mapped address of the hash block (will be within @page) */
const void *addr;
/* Index of the hash block in the tree overall */
unsigned long index;
/* Byte offset of the wanted hash relative to @addr */
unsigned int hoffset;
} hblocks[FS_VERITY_MAX_LEVELS];
/*
* The index of the previous level ' s block within that level ; also the
* index of that block ' s hash within the current level .
*/
u64 hidx = data_pos >> params->log_blocksize;
/* Up to 1 + FS_VERITY_MAX_LEVELS pages may be mapped at once */
BUILD_BUG_ON(1 + FS_VERITY_MAX_LEVELS > KM_MAX_IDX);
if (unlikely(data_pos >= inode->i_size)) {
/*
* This can happen in the data page spanning EOF when the Merkle
* tree block size is less than the page size . The Merkle tree
* doesn ' t cover data blocks fully past EOF . But the entire
* page spanning EOF can be visible to userspace via a mmap , and
* any part past EOF should be all zeroes . Therefore , we need
* to verify that any data blocks fully past EOF are all zeroes .
*/
if (memchr_inv(data, 0 , params->block_size)) {
fsverity_err(inode,
"FILE CORRUPTED! Data past EOF is not zeroed" );
return false ;
}
return true ;
}
/*
* Starting at the leaf level , ascend the tree saving hash blocks along
* the way until we find a hash block that has already been verified , or
* until we reach the root .
*/
for (level = 0 ; level < params->num_levels; level++) {
unsigned long next_hidx;
unsigned long hblock_idx;
pgoff_t hpage_idx;
unsigned int hblock_offset_in_page;
unsigned int hoffset;
struct page *hpage;
const void *haddr;
/*
* The index of the block in the current level ; also the index
* of that block ' s hash within the next level .
*/
next_hidx = hidx >> params->log_arity;
/* Index of the hash block in the tree overall */
hblock_idx = params->level_start[level] + next_hidx;
/* Index of the hash page in the tree overall */
hpage_idx = hblock_idx >> params->log_blocks_per_page;
/* Byte offset of the hash block within the page */
hblock_offset_in_page =
(hblock_idx << params->log_blocksize) & ~PAGE_MASK;
/* Byte offset of the hash within the block */
hoffset = (hidx << params->log_digestsize) &
(params->block_size - 1 );
hpage = inode->i_sb->s_vop->read_merkle_tree_page(inode,
hpage_idx, level == 0 ? min(max_ra_pages,
params->tree_pages - hpage_idx) : 0 );
if (IS_ERR(hpage)) {
fsverity_err(inode,
"Error %ld reading Merkle tree page %lu" ,
PTR_ERR(hpage), hpage_idx);
goto error;
}
haddr = kmap_local_page(hpage) + hblock_offset_in_page;
if (is_hash_block_verified(vi, hpage, hblock_idx)) {
memcpy(_want_hash, haddr + hoffset, hsize);
want_hash = _want_hash;
kunmap_local(haddr);
put_page(hpage);
goto descend;
}
hblocks[level].page = hpage;
hblocks[level].addr = haddr;
hblocks[level].index = hblock_idx;
hblocks[level].hoffset = hoffset;
hidx = next_hidx;
}
want_hash = vi->root_hash;
descend:
/* Descend the tree verifying hash blocks. */
for (; level > 0 ; level--) {
struct page *hpage = hblocks[level - 1 ].page;
const void *haddr = hblocks[level - 1 ].addr;
unsigned long hblock_idx = hblocks[level - 1 ].index;
unsigned int hoffset = hblocks[level - 1 ].hoffset;
fsverity_hash_block(params, inode, haddr, real_hash);
if (memcmp(want_hash, real_hash, hsize) != 0 )
goto corrupted;
/*
* Mark the hash block as verified . This must be atomic and
* idempotent , as the same hash block might be verified by
* multiple threads concurrently .
*/
if (vi->hash_block_verified)
set_bit(hblock_idx, vi->hash_block_verified);
else
SetPageChecked(hpage);
memcpy(_want_hash, haddr + hoffset, hsize);
want_hash = _want_hash;
kunmap_local(haddr);
put_page(hpage);
}
/* Finally, verify the data block. */
fsverity_hash_block(params, inode, data, real_hash);
if (memcmp(want_hash, real_hash, hsize) != 0 )
goto corrupted;
return true ;
corrupted:
fsverity_err(inode,
"FILE CORRUPTED! pos=%llu, level=%d, want_hash=%s:%*phN, real_hash=%s:%*phN" ,
data_pos, level - 1 ,
params->hash_alg->name, hsize, want_hash,
params->hash_alg->name, hsize, real_hash);
error:
for (; level > 0 ; level--) {
kunmap_local(hblocks[level - 1 ].addr);
put_page(hblocks[level - 1 ].page);
}
return false ;
}
static bool
verify_data_blocks(struct folio *data_folio, size_t len, size_t offset,
unsigned long max_ra_pages)
{
struct inode *inode = data_folio->mapping->host;
struct fsverity_info *vi = inode->i_verity_info;
const unsigned int block_size = vi->tree_params.block_size;
u64 pos = (u64)data_folio->index << PAGE_SHIFT;
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(len <= 0 || !IS_ALIGNED(len | offset, block_size)))
return false ;
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!folio_test_locked(data_folio) ||
folio_test_uptodate(data_folio)))
return false ;
do {
void *data;
bool valid;
data = kmap_local_folio(data_folio, offset);
valid = verify_data_block(inode, vi, data, pos + offset,
max_ra_pages);
kunmap_local(data);
if (!valid)
return false ;
offset += block_size;
len -= block_size;
} while (len);
return true ;
}
/**
* fsverity_verify_blocks ( ) - verify data in a folio
* @ folio : the folio containing the data to verify
* @ len : the length of the data to verify in the folio
* @ offset : the offset of the data to verify in the folio
*
* Verify data that has just been read from a verity file . The data must be
* located in a pagecache folio that is still locked and not yet uptodate . The
* length and offset of the data must be Merkle tree block size aligned .
*
* Return : % true if the data is valid , else % false .
*/
bool fsverity_verify_blocks(struct folio *folio, size_t len, size_t offset)
{
return verify_data_blocks(folio, len, offset, 0 );
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(fsverity_verify_blocks);
#ifdef CONFIG_BLOCK
/**
* fsverity_verify_bio ( ) - verify a ' read ' bio that has just completed
* @ bio : the bio to verify
*
* Verify the bio ' s data against the file ' s Merkle tree . All bio data segments
* must be aligned to the file ' s Merkle tree block size . If any data fails
* verification , then bio - > bi_status is set to an error status .
*
* This is a helper function for use by the - > readahead ( ) method of filesystems
* that issue bios to read data directly into the page cache . Filesystems that
* populate the page cache without issuing bios ( e . g . non block - based
* filesystems ) must instead call fsverity_verify_page ( ) directly on each page .
* All filesystems must also call fsverity_verify_page ( ) on holes .
*/
void fsverity_verify_bio(struct bio *bio)
{
struct folio_iter fi;
unsigned long max_ra_pages = 0 ;
if (bio->bi_opf & REQ_RAHEAD) {
/*
* If this bio is for data readahead , then we also do readahead
* of the first ( largest ) level of the Merkle tree . Namely ,
* when a Merkle tree page is read , we also try to piggy - back on
* some additional pages - - up to 1 / 4 the number of data pages .
*
* This improves sequential read performance , as it greatly
* reduces the number of I / O requests made to the Merkle tree .
*/
max_ra_pages = bio->bi_iter.bi_size >> (PAGE_SHIFT + 2 );
}
bio_for_each_folio_all(fi, bio) {
if (!verify_data_blocks(fi.folio, fi.length, fi.offset,
max_ra_pages)) {
bio->bi_status = BLK_STS_IOERR;
break ;
}
}
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(fsverity_verify_bio);
#endif /* CONFIG_BLOCK */
/**
* fsverity_enqueue_verify_work ( ) - enqueue work on the fs - verity workqueue
* @ work : the work to enqueue
*
* Enqueue verification work for asynchronous processing .
*/
void fsverity_enqueue_verify_work(struct work_struct *work)
{
queue_work(fsverity_read_workqueue, work);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(fsverity_enqueue_verify_work);
void __init fsverity_init_workqueue(void )
{
/*
* Use a high - priority workqueue to prioritize verification work , which
* blocks reads from completing , over regular application tasks .
*
* For performance reasons , don ' t use an unbound workqueue . Using an
* unbound workqueue for crypto operations causes excessive scheduler
* latency on ARM64 .
*/
fsverity_read_workqueue = alloc_workqueue("fsverity_read_queue" ,
WQ_HIGHPRI,
num_online_cpus());
if (!fsverity_read_workqueue)
panic("failed to allocate fsverity_read_queue" );
}
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