/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
#ifndef _LINUX_SIX_H
#define _LINUX_SIX_H
/**
* DOC : SIX locks overview
*
* Shared / intent / exclusive locks : sleepable read / write locks , like rw semaphores
* but with an additional state : read / shared , intent , exclusive / write
*
* The purpose of the intent state is to allow for greater concurrency on tree
* structures without deadlocking . In general , a read can ' t be upgraded to a
* write lock without deadlocking , so an operation that updates multiple nodes
* will have to take write locks for the full duration of the operation .
*
* But by adding an intent state , which is exclusive with other intent locks but
* not with readers , we can take intent locks at the start of the operation ,
* and then take write locks only for the actual update to each individual
* nodes , without deadlocking .
*
* Example usage :
* six_lock_read ( & foo - > lock ) ;
* six_unlock_read ( & foo - > lock ) ;
*
* An intent lock must be held before taking a write lock :
* six_lock_intent ( & foo - > lock ) ;
* six_lock_write ( & foo - > lock ) ;
* six_unlock_write ( & foo - > lock ) ;
* six_unlock_intent ( & foo - > lock ) ;
*
* Other operations :
* six_trylock_read ( )
* six_trylock_intent ( )
* six_trylock_write ( )
*
* six_lock_downgrade ( ) convert from intent to read
* six_lock_tryupgrade ( ) attempt to convert from read to intent , may fail
*
* There are also interfaces that take the lock type as an enum :
*
* six_lock_type ( & foo - > lock , SIX_LOCK_read ) ;
* six_trylock_convert ( & foo - > lock , SIX_LOCK_read , SIX_LOCK_intent )
* six_lock_type ( & foo - > lock , SIX_LOCK_write ) ;
* six_unlock_type ( & foo - > lock , SIX_LOCK_write ) ;
* six_unlock_type ( & foo - > lock , SIX_LOCK_intent ) ;
*
* Lock sequence numbers - unlock ( ) , relock ( ) :
*
* Locks embed sequences numbers , which are incremented on write lock / unlock .
* This allows locks to be dropped and the retaken iff the state they protect
* hasn ' t changed ; this makes it much easier to avoid holding locks while e . g .
* doing IO or allocating memory .
*
* Example usage :
* six_lock_read ( & foo - > lock ) ;
* u32 seq = six_lock_seq ( & foo - > lock ) ;
* six_unlock_read ( & foo - > lock ) ;
*
* some_operation_that_may_block ( ) ;
*
* if ( six_relock_read ( & foo - > lock , seq ) ) { . . . }
*
* If the relock operation succeeds , it is as if the lock was never unlocked .
*
* Reentrancy :
*
* Six locks are not by themselves reentrant , but have counters for both the
* read and intent states that can be used to provide reentrancy by an upper
* layer that tracks held locks . If a lock is known to already be held in the
* read or intent state , six_lock_increment ( ) can be used to bump the " lock
* held in this state " counter , increasing the number of unlock calls that
* will be required to fully unlock it .
*
* Example usage :
* six_lock_read ( & foo - > lock ) ;
* six_lock_increment ( & foo - > lock , SIX_LOCK_read ) ;
* six_unlock_read ( & foo - > lock ) ;
* six_unlock_read ( & foo - > lock ) ;
* foo - > lock is now fully unlocked .
*
* Since the intent state supercedes read , it ' s legal to increment the read
* counter when holding an intent lock , but not the reverse .
*
* A lock may only be held once for write : six_lock_increment ( . . , SIX_LOCK_write )
* is not legal .
*
* should_sleep_fn :
*
* There is a six_lock ( ) variant that takes a function pointer that is called
* immediately prior to schedule ( ) when blocking , and may return an error to
* abort .
*
* One possible use for this feature is when objects being locked are part of
* a cache and may reused , and lock ordering is based on a property of the
* object that will change when the object is reused - i . e . logical key order .
*
* If looking up an object in the cache may race with object reuse , and lock
* ordering is required to prevent deadlock , object reuse may change the
* correct lock order for that object and cause a deadlock . should_sleep_fn
* can be used to check if the object is still the object we want and avoid
* this deadlock .
*
* Wait list entry interface :
*
* There is a six_lock ( ) variant , six_lock_waiter ( ) , that takes a pointer to a
* wait list entry . By embedding six_lock_waiter into another object , and by
* traversing lock waitlists , it is then possible for an upper layer to
* implement full cycle detection for deadlock avoidance .
*
* should_sleep_fn should be used for invoking the cycle detector , walking the
* graph of held locks to check for a deadlock . The upper layer must track
* held locks for each thread , and each thread ' s held locks must be reachable
* from its six_lock_waiter object .
*
* six_lock_waiter ( ) will add the wait object to the waitlist re - trying taking
* the lock , and before calling should_sleep_fn , and the wait object will not
* be removed from the waitlist until either the lock has been successfully
* acquired , or we aborted because should_sleep_fn returned an error .
*
* Also , six_lock_waiter contains a timestamp , and waiters on a waitlist will
* have timestamps in strictly ascending order - this is so the timestamp can
* be used as a cursor for lock graph traverse .
*/
#include <linux/lockdep.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
enum six_lock_type {
SIX_LOCK_read,
SIX_LOCK_intent,
SIX_LOCK_write,
};
struct six_lock {
atomic_t state;
u32 seq;
unsigned intent_lock_recurse;
unsigned write_lock_recurse;
struct task_struct *owner;
unsigned __percpu *readers;
raw_spinlock_t wait_lock;
struct list_head wait_list;
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC
struct lockdep_map dep_map;
#endif
};
struct six_lock_waiter {
struct list_head list;
struct task_struct *task;
enum six_lock_type lock_want;
bool lock_acquired;
u64 start_time;
};
typedef int (*six_lock_should_sleep_fn)(struct six_lock *lock, void *);
void six_lock_exit(struct six_lock *lock);
enum six_lock_init_flags {
SIX_LOCK_INIT_PCPU = 1 U << 0 ,
};
void __six_lock_init(struct six_lock *lock, const char *name,
struct lock_class_key *key, enum six_lock_init_flags flags,
gfp_t gfp);
/**
* six_lock_init - initialize a six lock
* @ lock : lock to initialize
* @ flags : optional flags , i . e . SIX_LOCK_INIT_PCPU
*/
#define six_lock_init(lock, flags, gfp) \
do { \
static struct lock_class_key __key; \
\
__six_lock_init((lock), #lock , &__key, flags, gfp); \
} while (0 )
/**
* six_lock_seq - obtain current lock sequence number
* @ lock : six_lock to obtain sequence number for
*
* @ lock should be held for read or intent , and not write
*
* By saving the lock sequence number , we can unlock @ lock and then ( typically
* after some blocking operation ) attempt to relock it : the relock will succeed
* if the sequence number hasn ' t changed , meaning no write locks have been taken
* and state corresponding to what @ lock protects is still valid .
*/
static inline u32 six_lock_seq(const struct six_lock *lock)
{
return lock->seq;
}
bool six_trylock_ip(struct six_lock *lock, enum six_lock_type type, unsigned long ip);
/**
* six_trylock_type - attempt to take a six lock without blocking
* @ lock : lock to take
* @ type : SIX_LOCK_read , SIX_LOCK_intent , or SIX_LOCK_write
*
* Return : true on success , false on failure .
*/
static inline bool six_trylock_type(struct six_lock *lock, enum six_lock_type type)
{
return six_trylock_ip(lock, type, _THIS_IP_);
}
int six_lock_ip_waiter(struct six_lock *lock, enum six_lock_type type,
struct six_lock_waiter *wait,
six_lock_should_sleep_fn should_sleep_fn, void *p,
unsigned long ip);
/**
* six_lock_waiter - take a lock , with full waitlist interface
* @ lock : lock to take
* @ type : SIX_LOCK_read , SIX_LOCK_intent , or SIX_LOCK_write
* @ wait : pointer to wait object , which will be added to lock ' s waitlist
* @ should_sleep_fn : callback run after adding to waitlist , immediately prior
* to scheduling
* @ p : passed through to @ should_sleep_fn
*
* This is a convenience wrapper around six_lock_ip_waiter ( ) , see that function
* for full documentation .
*
* Return : 0 on success , or the return code from @ should_sleep_fn on failure .
*/
static inline int six_lock_waiter(struct six_lock *lock, enum six_lock_type type,
struct six_lock_waiter *wait,
six_lock_should_sleep_fn should_sleep_fn, void *p)
{
return six_lock_ip_waiter(lock, type, wait, should_sleep_fn, p, _THIS_IP_);
}
/**
* six_lock_ip - take a six lock lock
* @ lock : lock to take
* @ type : SIX_LOCK_read , SIX_LOCK_intent , or SIX_LOCK_write
* @ should_sleep_fn : callback run after adding to waitlist , immediately prior
* to scheduling
* @ p : passed through to @ should_sleep_fn
* @ ip : ip parameter for lockdep / lockstat , i . e . _ THIS_IP_
*
* Return : 0 on success , or the return code from @ should_sleep_fn on failure .
*/
static inline int six_lock_ip(struct six_lock *lock, enum six_lock_type type,
six_lock_should_sleep_fn should_sleep_fn, void *p,
unsigned long ip)
{
struct six_lock_waiter wait;
return six_lock_ip_waiter(lock, type, &wait, should_sleep_fn, p, ip);
}
/**
* six_lock_type - take a six lock lock
* @ lock : lock to take
* @ type : SIX_LOCK_read , SIX_LOCK_intent , or SIX_LOCK_write
* @ should_sleep_fn : callback run after adding to waitlist , immediately prior
* to scheduling
* @ p : passed through to @ should_sleep_fn
*
* Return : 0 on success , or the return code from @ should_sleep_fn on failure .
*/
static inline int six_lock_type(struct six_lock *lock, enum six_lock_type type,
six_lock_should_sleep_fn should_sleep_fn, void *p)
{
struct six_lock_waiter wait;
return six_lock_ip_waiter(lock, type, &wait, should_sleep_fn, p, _THIS_IP_);
}
bool six_relock_ip(struct six_lock *lock, enum six_lock_type type,
unsigned seq, unsigned long ip);
/**
* six_relock_type - attempt to re - take a lock that was held previously
* @ lock : lock to take
* @ type : SIX_LOCK_read , SIX_LOCK_intent , or SIX_LOCK_write
* @ seq : lock sequence number obtained from six_lock_seq ( ) while lock was
* held previously
*
* Return : true on success , false on failure .
*/
static inline bool six_relock_type(struct six_lock *lock, enum six_lock_type type,
unsigned seq)
{
return six_relock_ip(lock, type, seq, _THIS_IP_);
}
void six_unlock_ip(struct six_lock *lock, enum six_lock_type type, unsigned long ip);
/**
* six_unlock_type - drop a six lock
* @ lock : lock to unlock
* @ type : SIX_LOCK_read , SIX_LOCK_intent , or SIX_LOCK_write
*
* When a lock is held multiple times ( because six_lock_incement ( ) ) was used ) ,
* this decrements the ' lock held ' counter by one .
*
* For example :
* six_lock_read ( & foo - > lock ) ; read count 1
* six_lock_increment ( & foo - > lock , SIX_LOCK_read ) ; read count 2
* six_lock_unlock ( & foo - > lock , SIX_LOCK_read ) ; read count 1
* six_lock_unlock ( & foo - > lock , SIX_LOCK_read ) ; read count 0
*/
static inline void six_unlock_type(struct six_lock *lock, enum six_lock_type type)
{
six_unlock_ip(lock, type, _THIS_IP_);
}
#define __SIX_LOCK(type) \
static inline bool six_trylock_ip_## type(struct six_lock *lock, unsigned long ip)\
{ \
return six_trylock_ip(lock, SIX_LOCK_## type, ip); \
} \
\
static inline bool six_trylock_## type(struct six_lock *lock) \
{ \
return six_trylock_ip(lock, SIX_LOCK_## type, _THIS_IP_); \
} \
\
static inline int six_lock_ip_waiter_## type(struct six_lock *lock, \
struct six_lock_waiter *wait, \
six_lock_should_sleep_fn should_sleep_fn, void *p,\
unsigned long ip) \
{ \
return six_lock_ip_waiter(lock, SIX_LOCK_## type, wait, should_sleep_fn, p, ip);\
} \
\
static inline int six_lock_ip_## type(struct six_lock *lock, \
six_lock_should_sleep_fn should_sleep_fn, void *p, \
unsigned long ip) \
{ \
return six_lock_ip(lock, SIX_LOCK_## type, should_sleep_fn, p, ip);\
} \
\
static inline bool six_relock_ip_## type(struct six_lock *lock, u32 seq, unsigned long ip)\
{ \
return six_relock_ip(lock, SIX_LOCK_## type, seq, ip); \
} \
\
static inline bool six_relock_## type(struct six_lock *lock, u32 seq) \
{ \
return six_relock_ip(lock, SIX_LOCK_## type, seq, _THIS_IP_); \
} \
\
static inline int six_lock_## type(struct six_lock *lock, \
six_lock_should_sleep_fn fn, void *p)\
{ \
return six_lock_ip_## type(lock, fn, p, _THIS_IP_); \
} \
\
static inline void six_unlock_ip_## type(struct six_lock *lock, unsigned long ip) \
{ \
six_unlock_ip(lock, SIX_LOCK_## type, ip); \
} \
\
static inline void six_unlock_## type(struct six_lock *lock) \
{ \
six_unlock_ip(lock, SIX_LOCK_## type, _THIS_IP_); \
}
__SIX_LOCK(read)
__SIX_LOCK(intent)
__SIX_LOCK(write)
#undef __SIX_LOCK
void six_lock_downgrade(struct six_lock *);
bool six_lock_tryupgrade(struct six_lock *);
bool six_trylock_convert(struct six_lock *, enum six_lock_type,
enum six_lock_type);
void six_lock_increment(struct six_lock *, enum six_lock_type);
void six_lock_wakeup_all(struct six_lock *);
struct six_lock_count {
unsigned n[3 ];
};
struct six_lock_count six_lock_counts(struct six_lock *);
void six_lock_readers_add(struct six_lock *, int );
#endif /* _LINUX_SIX_H */
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