// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
* Functions for incremental mean and variance .
*
* This program is free software ; you can redistribute it and / or modify it
* under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by
* the Free Software Foundation .
*
* This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful , but WITHOUT
* ANY WARRANTY ; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE . See the GNU General Public License for
* more details .
*
* Copyright © 2022 Daniel B . Hill
*
* Author : Daniel B . Hill < daniel @ gluo . nz >
*
* Description :
*
* This is includes some incremental algorithms for mean and variance calculation
*
* Derived from the paper : https : //fanf2.user.srcf.net/hermes/doc/antiforgery/stats.pdf
*
* Create a struct and if it ' s the weighted variant set the w field ( weight = 2 ^ k ) .
*
* Use mean_and_variance [ _ weighted ] _ update ( ) on the struct to update it ' s state .
*
* Use the mean_and_variance [ _ weighted ] _ get_ * functions to calculate the mean and variance , some computation
* is deferred to these functions for performance reasons .
*
* see lib / math / mean_and_variance_test . c for examples of usage .
*
* DO NOT access the mean and variance fields of the weighted variants directly .
* DO NOT change the weight after calling update .
*/
#include <linux/bug.h>
#include <linux/compiler.h>
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/limits.h>
#include <linux/math.h>
#include <linux/math64.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include "mean_and_variance.h"
u128_u u128_div(u128_u n, u64 d)
{
u128_u r;
u64 rem;
u64 hi = u128_hi(n);
u64 lo = u128_lo(n);
u64 h = hi & ((u64) U32_MAX << 32 );
u64 l = (hi & (u64) U32_MAX) << 32 ;
r = u128_shl(u64_to_u128(div64_u64_rem(h, d, &rem)), 64 );
r = u128_add(r, u128_shl(u64_to_u128(div64_u64_rem(l + (rem << 32 ), d, &rem)), 32 ));
r = u128_add(r, u64_to_u128(div64_u64_rem(lo + (rem << 32 ), d, &rem)));
return r;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(u128_div);
/**
* mean_and_variance_get_mean ( ) - get mean from @ s
* @ s : mean and variance number of samples and their sums
*/
s64 mean_and_variance_get_mean(struct mean_and_variance s)
{
return s.n ? div64_u64(s.sum, s.n) : 0 ;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mean_and_variance_get_mean);
/**
* mean_and_variance_get_variance ( ) - get variance from @ s1
* @ s1 : mean and variance number of samples and sums
*
* see linked pdf equation 12 .
*/
u64 mean_and_variance_get_variance(struct mean_and_variance s1)
{
if (s1.n) {
u128_u s2 = u128_div(s1.sum_squares, s1.n);
u64 s3 = abs(mean_and_variance_get_mean(s1));
return u128_lo(u128_sub(s2, u128_square(s3)));
} else {
return 0 ;
}
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mean_and_variance_get_variance);
/**
* mean_and_variance_get_stddev ( ) - get standard deviation from @ s
* @ s : mean and variance number of samples and their sums
*/
u32 mean_and_variance_get_stddev(struct mean_and_variance s)
{
return int_sqrt64(mean_and_variance_get_variance(s));
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mean_and_variance_get_stddev);
/**
* mean_and_variance_weighted_update ( ) - exponentially weighted variant of mean_and_variance_update ( )
* @ s : mean and variance number of samples and their sums
* @ x : new value to include in the & mean_and_variance_weighted
* @ initted : caller must track whether this is the first use or not
* @ weight : ewma weight
*
* see linked pdf : function derived from equations 140 - 143 where alpha = 2 ^ w .
* values are stored bitshifted for performance and added precision .
*/
void mean_and_variance_weighted_update(struct mean_and_variance_weighted *s,
s64 x, bool initted, u8 weight)
{
// previous weighted variance.
u8 w = weight;
u64 var_w0 = s->variance;
// new value weighted.
s64 x_w = x << w;
s64 diff_w = x_w - s->mean;
s64 diff = fast_divpow2(diff_w, w);
// new mean weighted.
s64 u_w1 = s->mean + diff;
if (!initted) {
s->mean = x_w;
s->variance = 0 ;
} else {
s->mean = u_w1;
s->variance = ((var_w0 << w) - var_w0 + ((diff_w * (x_w - u_w1)) >> w)) >> w;
}
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mean_and_variance_weighted_update);
/**
* mean_and_variance_weighted_get_mean ( ) - get mean from @ s
* @ s : mean and variance number of samples and their sums
* @ weight : ewma weight
*/
s64 mean_and_variance_weighted_get_mean(struct mean_and_variance_weighted s,
u8 weight)
{
return fast_divpow2(s.mean, weight);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mean_and_variance_weighted_get_mean);
/**
* mean_and_variance_weighted_get_variance ( ) - - get variance from @ s
* @ s : mean and variance number of samples and their sums
* @ weight : ewma weight
*/
u64 mean_and_variance_weighted_get_variance(struct mean_and_variance_weighted s,
u8 weight)
{
// always positive don't need fast divpow2
return s.variance >> weight;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mean_and_variance_weighted_get_variance);
/**
* mean_and_variance_weighted_get_stddev ( ) - get standard deviation from @ s
* @ s : mean and variance number of samples and their sums
* @ weight : ewma weight
*/
u32 mean_and_variance_weighted_get_stddev(struct mean_and_variance_weighted s,
u8 weight)
{
return int_sqrt64(mean_and_variance_weighted_get_variance(s, weight));
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(mean_and_variance_weighted_get_stddev);
MODULE_AUTHOR("Daniel B. Hill" );
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL" );
Messung V0.5 in Prozent C=93 H=100 G=96
¤ Dauer der Verarbeitung: 0.9 Sekunden
(vorverarbeitet am 2026-09-29)
¤
*© Formatika GbR, Deutschland