// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
/*
* Copyright ( C ) 1995 Linus Torvalds
* Copyright ( C ) 2001 , 2002 Andi Kleen , SuSE Labs .
* Copyright ( C ) 2008 - 2009 , Red Hat Inc . , Ingo Molnar
*/
#include <linux/sched.h> /* test_thread_flag(), ... */
#include <linux/sched/task_stack.h> /* task_stack_*(), ... */
#include <linux/kdebug.h> /* oops_begin/end, ... */
#include <linux/memblock.h> /* max_low_pfn */
#include <linux/kfence.h> /* kfence_handle_page_fault */
#include <linux/kprobes.h> /* NOKPROBE_SYMBOL, ... */
#include <linux/mmiotrace.h> /* kmmio_handler, ... */
#include <linux/perf_event.h> /* perf_sw_event */
#include <linux/hugetlb.h> /* hstate_index_to_shift */
#include <linux/context_tracking.h> /* exception_enter(), ... */
#include <linux/uaccess.h> /* faulthandler_disabled() */
#include <linux/efi.h> /* efi_crash_gracefully_on_page_fault()*/
#include <linux/mm_types.h>
#include <linux/mm.h> /* find_and_lock_vma() */
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <asm /cpufeature.h> /* boot_cpu_has, ... */
#include <asm /traps.h> /* dotraplinkage, ... */
#include <asm /fixmap.h> /* VSYSCALL_ADDR */
#include <asm /vsyscall.h> /* emulate_vsyscall */
#include <asm /vm86.h> /* struct vm86 */
#include <asm /mmu_context.h> /* vma_pkey() */
#include <asm /efi.h> /* efi_crash_gracefully_on_page_fault()*/
#include <asm /desc.h> /* store_idt(), ... */
#include <asm /cpu_entry_area.h> /* exception stack */
#include <asm /pgtable_areas.h> /* VMALLOC_START, ... */
#include <asm /kvm_para.h> /* kvm_handle_async_pf */
#include <asm /vdso.h> /* fixup_vdso_exception() */
#include <asm /irq_stack.h>
#include <asm /fred.h>
#include <asm /sev.h> /* snp_dump_hva_rmpentry() */
#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
#include <trace/events/exceptions.h>
/*
* Returns 0 if mmiotrace is disabled , or if the fault is not
* handled by mmiotrace :
*/
static nokprobe_inline int
kmmio_fault(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long addr)
{
if (unlikely(is_kmmio_active()))
if (kmmio_handler(regs, addr) == 1 )
return -1 ;
return 0 ;
}
/*
* Prefetch quirks :
*
* 32 - bit mode :
*
* Sometimes AMD Athlon / Opteron CPUs report invalid exceptions on prefetch .
* Check that here and ignore it . This is AMD erratum # 91 .
*
* 64 - bit mode :
*
* Sometimes the CPU reports invalid exceptions on prefetch .
* Check that here and ignore it .
*
* Opcode checker based on code by Richard Brunner .
*/
static inline int
check_prefetch_opcode(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned char *instr,
unsigned char opcode, int *prefetch)
{
unsigned char instr_hi = opcode & 0 xf0;
unsigned char instr_lo = opcode & 0 x0f;
switch (instr_hi) {
case 0 x20:
case 0 x30:
/*
* Values 0 x26 , 0 x2E , 0 x36 , 0 x3E are valid x86 prefixes .
* In X86_64 long mode , the CPU will signal invalid
* opcode if some of these prefixes are present so
* X86_64 will never get here anyway
*/
return ((instr_lo & 7 ) == 0 x6);
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
case 0 x40:
/*
* In 64 - bit mode 0 x40 . . 0 x4F are valid REX prefixes
*/
return (!user_mode(regs) || user_64bit_mode(regs));
#endif
case 0 x60:
/* 0x64 thru 0x67 are valid prefixes in all modes. */
return (instr_lo & 0 xC) == 0 x4;
case 0 xF0:
/* 0xF0, 0xF2, 0xF3 are valid prefixes in all modes. */
return !instr_lo || (instr_lo>>1 ) == 1 ;
case 0 x00:
/* Prefetch instruction is 0x0F0D or 0x0F18 */
if (get_kernel_nofault(opcode, instr))
return 0 ;
*prefetch = (instr_lo == 0 xF) &&
(opcode == 0 x0D || opcode == 0 x18);
return 0 ;
default :
return 0 ;
}
}
static bool is_amd_k8_pre_npt(void )
{
struct cpuinfo_x86 *c = &boot_cpu_data;
return unlikely(IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_CPU_SUP_AMD) &&
c->x86_vendor == X86_VENDOR_AMD &&
c->x86 == 0 xf && c->x86_model < 0 x40);
}
static int
is_prefetch(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code, unsigned long addr)
{
unsigned char *max_instr;
unsigned char *instr;
int prefetch = 0 ;
/* Erratum #91 affects AMD K8, pre-NPT CPUs */
if (!is_amd_k8_pre_npt())
return 0 ;
/*
* If it was a exec ( instruction fetch ) fault on NX page , then
* do not ignore the fault :
*/
if (error_code & X86_PF_INSTR)
return 0 ;
instr = (void *)convert_ip_to_linear(current, regs);
max_instr = instr + 15 ;
/*
* This code has historically always bailed out if IP points to a
* not - present page ( e . g . due to a race ) . No one has ever
* complained about this .
*/
pagefault_disable();
while (instr < max_instr) {
unsigned char opcode;
if (user_mode(regs)) {
if (get_user(opcode, (unsigned char __user *) instr))
break ;
} else {
if (get_kernel_nofault(opcode, instr))
break ;
}
instr++;
if (!check_prefetch_opcode(regs, instr, opcode, &prefetch))
break ;
}
pagefault_enable();
return prefetch;
}
DEFINE_SPINLOCK(pgd_lock);
LIST_HEAD(pgd_list);
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
static inline pmd_t *vmalloc_sync_one(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long address)
{
unsigned index = pgd_index(address);
pgd_t *pgd_k;
p4d_t *p4d, *p4d_k;
pud_t *pud, *pud_k;
pmd_t *pmd, *pmd_k;
pgd += index;
pgd_k = init_mm.pgd + index;
if (!pgd_present(*pgd_k))
return NULL;
/*
* set_pgd ( pgd , * pgd_k ) ; here would be useless on PAE
* and redundant with the set_pmd ( ) on non - PAE . As would
* set_p4d / set_pud .
*/
p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, address);
p4d_k = p4d_offset(pgd_k, address);
if (!p4d_present(*p4d_k))
return NULL;
pud = pud_offset(p4d, address);
pud_k = pud_offset(p4d_k, address);
if (!pud_present(*pud_k))
return NULL;
pmd = pmd_offset(pud, address);
pmd_k = pmd_offset(pud_k, address);
if (pmd_present(*pmd) != pmd_present(*pmd_k))
set_pmd(pmd, *pmd_k);
if (!pmd_present(*pmd_k))
return NULL;
else
BUG_ON(pmd_pfn(*pmd) != pmd_pfn(*pmd_k));
return pmd_k;
}
/*
* Handle a fault on the vmalloc or module mapping area
*
* This is needed because there is a race condition between the time
* when the vmalloc mapping code updates the PMD to the point in time
* where it synchronizes this update with the other page - tables in the
* system .
*
* In this race window another thread / CPU can map an area on the same
* PMD , finds it already present and does not synchronize it with the
* rest of the system yet . As a result v [ mz ] alloc might return areas
* which are not mapped in every page - table in the system , causing an
* unhandled page - fault when they are accessed .
*/
static noinline int vmalloc_fault(unsigned long address)
{
unsigned long pgd_paddr;
pmd_t *pmd_k;
pte_t *pte_k;
/* Make sure we are in vmalloc area: */
if (!(address >= VMALLOC_START && address < VMALLOC_END))
return -1 ;
/*
* Synchronize this task ' s top level page - table
* with the ' reference ' page table .
*
* Do _ not_ use " current " here . We might be inside
* an interrupt in the middle of a task switch . .
*/
pgd_paddr = read_cr3_pa();
pmd_k = vmalloc_sync_one(__va(pgd_paddr), address);
if (!pmd_k)
return -1 ;
if (pmd_leaf(*pmd_k))
return 0 ;
pte_k = pte_offset_kernel(pmd_k, address);
if (!pte_present(*pte_k))
return -1 ;
return 0 ;
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(vmalloc_fault);
void arch_sync_kernel_mappings(unsigned long start, unsigned long end)
{
unsigned long addr;
for (addr = start & PMD_MASK;
addr >= TASK_SIZE_MAX && addr < VMALLOC_END;
addr += PMD_SIZE) {
struct page *page;
spin_lock(&pgd_lock);
list_for_each_entry(page, &pgd_list, lru) {
spinlock_t *pgt_lock;
/* the pgt_lock only for Xen */
pgt_lock = &pgd_page_get_mm(page)->page_table_lock;
spin_lock(pgt_lock);
vmalloc_sync_one(page_address(page), addr);
spin_unlock(pgt_lock);
}
spin_unlock(&pgd_lock);
}
}
static bool low_pfn(unsigned long pfn)
{
return pfn < max_low_pfn;
}
static void dump_pagetable(unsigned long address)
{
pgd_t *base = __va(read_cr3_pa());
pgd_t *pgd = &base[pgd_index(address)];
p4d_t *p4d;
pud_t *pud;
pmd_t *pmd;
pte_t *pte;
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
pr_info("*pdpt = %016Lx " , pgd_val(*pgd));
if (!low_pfn(pgd_val(*pgd) >> PAGE_SHIFT) || !pgd_present(*pgd))
goto out;
#define pr_pde pr_cont
#else
#define pr_pde pr_info
#endif
p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, address);
pud = pud_offset(p4d, address);
pmd = pmd_offset(pud, address);
pr_pde("*pde = %0*Lx " , sizeof (*pmd) * 2 , (u64)pmd_val(*pmd));
#undef pr_pde
/*
* We must not directly access the pte in the highpte
* case if the page table is located in highmem .
* And let ' s rather not kmap - atomic the pte , just in case
* it ' s allocated already :
*/
if (!low_pfn(pmd_pfn(*pmd)) || !pmd_present(*pmd) || pmd_leaf(*pmd))
goto out;
pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, address);
pr_cont("*pte = %0*Lx " , sizeof (*pte) * 2 , (u64)pte_val(*pte));
out:
pr_cont("\n" );
}
#else /* CONFIG_X86_64: */
#ifdef CONFIG_CPU_SUP_AMD
static const char errata93_warning[] =
KERN_ERR
"******* Your BIOS seems to not contain a fix for K8 errata #93\n"
"******* Working around it, but it may cause SEGVs or burn power.\n"
"******* Please consider a BIOS update.\n"
"******* Disabling USB legacy in the BIOS may also help.\n" ;
#endif
static int bad_address(void *p)
{
unsigned long dummy;
return get_kernel_nofault(dummy, (unsigned long *)p);
}
static void dump_pagetable(unsigned long address)
{
pgd_t *base = __va(read_cr3_pa());
pgd_t *pgd = base + pgd_index(address);
p4d_t *p4d;
pud_t *pud;
pmd_t *pmd;
pte_t *pte;
if (bad_address(pgd))
goto bad;
pr_info("PGD %lx " , pgd_val(*pgd));
if (!pgd_present(*pgd))
goto out;
p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, address);
if (bad_address(p4d))
goto bad;
pr_cont("P4D %lx " , p4d_val(*p4d));
if (!p4d_present(*p4d) || p4d_leaf(*p4d))
goto out;
pud = pud_offset(p4d, address);
if (bad_address(pud))
goto bad;
pr_cont("PUD %lx " , pud_val(*pud));
if (!pud_present(*pud) || pud_leaf(*pud))
goto out;
pmd = pmd_offset(pud, address);
if (bad_address(pmd))
goto bad;
pr_cont("PMD %lx " , pmd_val(*pmd));
if (!pmd_present(*pmd) || pmd_leaf(*pmd))
goto out;
pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, address);
if (bad_address(pte))
goto bad;
pr_cont("PTE %lx" , pte_val(*pte));
out:
pr_cont("\n" );
return ;
bad:
pr_info("BAD\n" );
}
#endif /* CONFIG_X86_64 */
/*
* Workaround for K8 erratum # 93 & buggy BIOS .
*
* BIOS SMM functions are required to use a specific workaround
* to avoid corruption of the 64 bit RIP register on C stepping K8 .
*
* A lot of BIOS that didn ' t get tested properly miss this .
*
* The OS sees this as a page fault with the upper 32 bits of RIP cleared .
* Try to work around it here .
*
* Note we only handle faults in kernel here .
* Does nothing on 32 - bit .
*/
static int is_errata93(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long address)
{
#if defined (CONFIG_X86_64) && defined (CONFIG_CPU_SUP_AMD)
if (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor != X86_VENDOR_AMD
|| boot_cpu_data.x86 != 0 xf)
return 0 ;
if (user_mode(regs))
return 0 ;
if (address != regs->ip)
return 0 ;
if ((address >> 32 ) != 0 )
return 0 ;
address |= 0 xffffffffUL << 32 ;
if ((address >= (u64)_stext && address <= (u64)_etext) ||
(address >= MODULES_VADDR && address <= MODULES_END)) {
printk_once(errata93_warning);
regs->ip = address;
return 1 ;
}
#endif
return 0 ;
}
/*
* Work around K8 erratum # 100 K8 in compat mode occasionally jumps
* to illegal addresses > 4 GB .
*
* We catch this in the page fault handler because these addresses
* are not reachable . Just detect this case and return . Any code
* segment in LDT is compatibility mode .
*/
static int is_errata100(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long address)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
if ((regs->cs == __USER32_CS || (regs->cs & (1 <<2 ))) && (address >> 32 ))
return 1 ;
#endif
return 0 ;
}
/* Pentium F0 0F C7 C8 bug workaround: */
static int is_f00f_bug(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code,
unsigned long address)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_F00F_BUG
if (boot_cpu_has_bug(X86_BUG_F00F) && !(error_code & X86_PF_USER) &&
idt_is_f00f_address(address)) {
handle_invalid_op(regs);
return 1 ;
}
#endif
return 0 ;
}
static void show_ldttss(const struct desc_ptr *gdt, const char *name, u16 index)
{
u32 offset = (index >> 3 ) * sizeof (struct desc_struct);
unsigned long addr;
struct ldttss_desc desc;
if (index == 0 ) {
pr_alert("%s: NULL\n" , name);
return ;
}
if (offset + sizeof (struct ldttss_desc) >= gdt->size) {
pr_alert("%s: 0x%hx -- out of bounds\n" , name, index);
return ;
}
if (copy_from_kernel_nofault(&desc, (void *)(gdt->address + offset),
sizeof (struct ldttss_desc))) {
pr_alert("%s: 0x%hx -- GDT entry is not readable\n" ,
name, index);
return ;
}
addr = desc.base0 | (desc.base1 << 16 ) | ((unsigned long )desc.base2 << 24 );
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
addr |= ((u64)desc.base3 << 32 );
#endif
pr_alert("%s: 0x%hx -- base=0x%lx limit=0x%x\n" ,
name, index, addr, (desc.limit0 | (desc.limit1 << 16 )));
}
static void
show_fault_oops(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code, unsigned long address)
{
if (!oops_may_print())
return ;
if (error_code & X86_PF_INSTR) {
unsigned int level;
bool nx, rw;
pgd_t *pgd;
pte_t *pte;
pgd = __va(read_cr3_pa());
pgd += pgd_index(address);
pte = lookup_address_in_pgd_attr(pgd, address, &level, &nx, &rw);
if (pte && pte_present(*pte) && (!pte_exec(*pte) || nx))
pr_crit("kernel tried to execute NX-protected page - exploit attempt? (uid: %d)\n" ,
from_kuid(&init_user_ns, current_uid()));
if (pte && pte_present(*pte) && pte_exec(*pte) && !nx &&
(pgd_flags(*pgd) & _PAGE_USER) &&
(__read_cr4() & X86_CR4_SMEP))
pr_crit("unable to execute userspace code (SMEP?) (uid: %d)\n" ,
from_kuid(&init_user_ns, current_uid()));
}
if (address < PAGE_SIZE && !user_mode(regs))
pr_alert("BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: %px\n" ,
(void *)address);
else
pr_alert("BUG: unable to handle page fault for address: %px\n" ,
(void *)address);
pr_alert("#PF: %s %s in %s mode\n" ,
(error_code & X86_PF_USER) ? "user" : "supervisor" ,
(error_code & X86_PF_INSTR) ? "instruction fetch" :
(error_code & X86_PF_WRITE) ? "write access" :
"read access" ,
user_mode(regs) ? "user" : "kernel" );
pr_alert("#PF: error_code(0x%04lx) - %s\n" , error_code,
!(error_code & X86_PF_PROT) ? "not-present page" :
(error_code & X86_PF_RSVD) ? "reserved bit violation" :
(error_code & X86_PF_PK) ? "protection keys violation" :
(error_code & X86_PF_RMP) ? "RMP violation" :
"permissions violation" );
if (!(error_code & X86_PF_USER) && user_mode(regs)) {
struct desc_ptr idt, gdt;
u16 ldtr, tr;
/*
* This can happen for quite a few reasons . The more obvious
* ones are faults accessing the GDT , or LDT . Perhaps
* surprisingly , if the CPU tries to deliver a benign or
* contributory exception from user code and gets a page fault
* during delivery , the page fault can be delivered as though
* it originated directly from user code . This could happen
* due to wrong permissions on the IDT , GDT , LDT , TSS , or
* kernel or IST stack .
*/
store_idt(&idt);
/* Usable even on Xen PV -- it's just slow. */
native_store_gdt(&gdt);
pr_alert("IDT: 0x%lx (limit=0x%hx) GDT: 0x%lx (limit=0x%hx)\n" ,
idt.address, idt.size, gdt.address, gdt.size);
store_ldt(ldtr);
show_ldttss(&gdt, "LDTR" , ldtr);
store_tr(tr);
show_ldttss(&gdt, "TR" , tr);
}
dump_pagetable(address);
if (error_code & X86_PF_RMP)
snp_dump_hva_rmpentry(address);
}
static noinline void
pgtable_bad(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code,
unsigned long address)
{
struct task_struct *tsk;
unsigned long flags;
int sig;
flags = oops_begin();
tsk = current;
sig = SIGKILL;
printk(KERN_ALERT "%s: Corrupted page table at address %lx\n" ,
tsk->comm, address);
dump_pagetable(address);
if (__die("Bad pagetable" , regs, error_code))
sig = 0 ;
oops_end(flags, regs, sig);
}
static void sanitize_error_code(unsigned long address,
unsigned long *error_code)
{
/*
* To avoid leaking information about the kernel page
* table layout , pretend that user - mode accesses to
* kernel addresses are always protection faults .
*
* NB : This means that failed vsyscalls with vsyscall = none
* will have the PROT bit . This doesn ' t leak any
* information and does not appear to cause any problems .
*/
if (address >= TASK_SIZE_MAX)
*error_code |= X86_PF_PROT;
}
static void set_signal_archinfo(unsigned long address,
unsigned long error_code)
{
struct task_struct *tsk = current;
tsk->thread.trap_nr = X86_TRAP_PF;
tsk->thread.error_code = error_code | X86_PF_USER;
tsk->thread.cr2 = address;
}
static noinline void
page_fault_oops(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code,
unsigned long address)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_VMAP_STACK
struct stack_info info;
#endif
unsigned long flags;
int sig;
if (user_mode(regs)) {
/*
* Implicit kernel access from user mode ? Skip the stack
* overflow and EFI special cases .
*/
goto oops;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_VMAP_STACK
/*
* Stack overflow ? During boot , we can fault near the initial
* stack in the direct map , but that ' s not an overflow - - check
* that we ' re in vmalloc space to avoid this .
*/
if (is_vmalloc_addr((void *)address) &&
get_stack_guard_info((void *)address, &info)) {
/*
* We ' re likely to be running with very little stack space
* left . It ' s plausible that we ' d hit this condition but
* double - fault even before we get this far , in which case
* we ' re fine : the double - fault handler will deal with it .
*
* We don ' t want to make it all the way into the oops code
* and then double - fault , though , because we ' re likely to
* break the console driver and lose most of the stack dump .
*/
call_on_stack(__this_cpu_ist_top_va(DF) - sizeof (void *),
handle_stack_overflow,
ASM_CALL_ARG3,
, [arg1] "r" (regs), [arg2] "r" (address), [arg3] "r" (&info));
BUG();
}
#endif
/*
* Buggy firmware could access regions which might page fault . If
* this happens , EFI has a special OOPS path that will try to
* avoid hanging the system .
*/
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_EFI))
efi_crash_gracefully_on_page_fault(address);
/* Only not-present faults should be handled by KFENCE. */
if (!(error_code & X86_PF_PROT) &&
kfence_handle_page_fault(address, error_code & X86_PF_WRITE, regs))
return ;
oops:
/*
* Oops . The kernel tried to access some bad page . We ' ll have to
* terminate things with extreme prejudice :
*/
flags = oops_begin();
show_fault_oops(regs, error_code, address);
if (task_stack_end_corrupted(current))
printk(KERN_EMERG "Thread overran stack, or stack corrupted\n" );
sig = SIGKILL;
if (__die("Oops" , regs, error_code))
sig = 0 ;
/* Executive summary in case the body of the oops scrolled away */
printk(KERN_DEFAULT "CR2: %016lx\n" , address);
oops_end(flags, regs, sig);
}
static noinline void
kernelmode_fixup_or_oops(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code,
unsigned long address, int signal, int si_code,
u32 pkey)
{
WARN_ON_ONCE(user_mode(regs));
/* Are we prepared to handle this kernel fault? */
if (fixup_exception(regs, X86_TRAP_PF, error_code, address))
return ;
/*
* AMD erratum # 91 manifests as a spurious page fault on a PREFETCH
* instruction .
*/
if (is_prefetch(regs, error_code, address))
return ;
page_fault_oops(regs, error_code, address);
}
/*
* Print out info about fatal segfaults , if the show_unhandled_signals
* sysctl is set :
*/
static inline void
show_signal_msg(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code,
unsigned long address, struct task_struct *tsk)
{
const char *loglvl = task_pid_nr(tsk) > 1 ? KERN_INFO : KERN_EMERG;
/* This is a racy snapshot, but it's better than nothing. */
int cpu = raw_smp_processor_id();
if (!unhandled_signal(tsk, SIGSEGV))
return ;
if (!printk_ratelimit())
return ;
printk("%s%s[%d]: segfault at %lx ip %px sp %px error %lx" ,
loglvl, tsk->comm, task_pid_nr(tsk), address,
(void *)regs->ip, (void *)regs->sp, error_code);
print_vma_addr(KERN_CONT " in " , regs->ip);
/*
* Dump the likely CPU where the fatal segfault happened .
* This can help identify faulty hardware .
*/
printk(KERN_CONT " likely on CPU %d (core %d, socket %d)" , cpu,
topology_core_id(cpu), topology_physical_package_id(cpu));
printk(KERN_CONT "\n" );
show_opcodes(regs, loglvl);
}
static void
__bad_area_nosemaphore(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code,
unsigned long address, u32 pkey, int si_code)
{
struct task_struct *tsk = current;
if (!user_mode(regs)) {
kernelmode_fixup_or_oops(regs, error_code, address,
SIGSEGV, si_code, pkey);
return ;
}
if (!(error_code & X86_PF_USER)) {
/* Implicit user access to kernel memory -- just oops */
page_fault_oops(regs, error_code, address);
return ;
}
/*
* User mode accesses just cause a SIGSEGV .
* It ' s possible to have interrupts off here :
*/
local_irq_enable();
/*
* Valid to do another page fault here because this one came
* from user space :
*/
if (is_prefetch(regs, error_code, address))
return ;
if (is_errata100(regs, address))
return ;
sanitize_error_code(address, &error_code);
if (fixup_vdso_exception(regs, X86_TRAP_PF, error_code, address))
return ;
if (likely(show_unhandled_signals))
show_signal_msg(regs, error_code, address, tsk);
set_signal_archinfo(address, error_code);
if (si_code == SEGV_PKUERR)
force_sig_pkuerr((void __user *)address, pkey);
else
force_sig_fault(SIGSEGV, si_code, (void __user *)address);
local_irq_disable();
}
static noinline void
bad_area_nosemaphore(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code,
unsigned long address)
{
__bad_area_nosemaphore(regs, error_code, address, 0 , SEGV_MAPERR);
}
static void
__bad_area(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code,
unsigned long address, struct mm_struct *mm,
struct vm_area_struct *vma, u32 pkey, int si_code)
{
/*
* Something tried to access memory that isn ' t in our memory map . .
* Fix it , but check if it ' s kernel or user first . .
*/
if (mm)
mmap_read_unlock(mm);
else
vma_end_read(vma);
__bad_area_nosemaphore(regs, error_code, address, pkey, si_code);
}
static inline bool bad_area_access_from_pkeys(unsigned long error_code,
struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
/* This code is always called on the current mm */
bool foreign = false ;
if (!cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_OSPKE))
return false ;
if (error_code & X86_PF_PK)
return true ;
/* this checks permission keys on the VMA: */
if (!arch_vma_access_permitted(vma, (error_code & X86_PF_WRITE),
(error_code & X86_PF_INSTR), foreign))
return true ;
return false ;
}
static noinline void
bad_area_access_error(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code,
unsigned long address, struct mm_struct *mm,
struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
/*
* This OSPKE check is not strictly necessary at runtime .
* But , doing it this way allows compiler optimizations
* if pkeys are compiled out .
*/
if (bad_area_access_from_pkeys(error_code, vma)) {
/*
* A protection key fault means that the PKRU value did not allow
* access to some PTE . Userspace can figure out what PKRU was
* from the XSAVE state . This function captures the pkey from
* the vma and passes it to userspace so userspace can discover
* which protection key was set on the PTE .
*
* If we get here , we know that the hardware signaled a X86_PF_PK
* fault and that there was a VMA once we got in the fault
* handler . It does * not * guarantee that the VMA we find here
* was the one that we faulted on .
*
* 1 . T1 : mprotect_key ( foo , PAGE_SIZE , pkey = 4 ) ;
* 2 . T1 : set PKRU to deny access to pkey = 4 , touches page
* 3 . T1 : faults . . .
* 4 . T2 : mprotect_key ( foo , PAGE_SIZE , pkey = 5 ) ;
* 5 . T1 : enters fault handler , takes mmap_lock , etc . . .
* 6 . T1 : reaches here , sees vma_pkey ( vma ) = 5 , when we really
* faulted on a pte with its pkey = 4 .
*/
u32 pkey = vma_pkey(vma);
__bad_area(regs, error_code, address, mm, vma, pkey, SEGV_PKUERR);
} else {
__bad_area(regs, error_code, address, mm, vma, 0 , SEGV_ACCERR);
}
}
static void
do_sigbus(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code, unsigned long address,
vm_fault_t fault)
{
/* Kernel mode? Handle exceptions or die: */
if (!user_mode(regs)) {
kernelmode_fixup_or_oops(regs, error_code, address,
SIGBUS, BUS_ADRERR, ARCH_DEFAULT_PKEY);
return ;
}
/* User-space => ok to do another page fault: */
if (is_prefetch(regs, error_code, address))
return ;
sanitize_error_code(address, &error_code);
if (fixup_vdso_exception(regs, X86_TRAP_PF, error_code, address))
return ;
set_signal_archinfo(address, error_code);
#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_FAILURE
if (fault & (VM_FAULT_HWPOISON|VM_FAULT_HWPOISON_LARGE)) {
struct task_struct *tsk = current;
unsigned lsb = 0 ;
pr_err(
"MCE: Killing %s:%d due to hardware memory corruption fault at %lx\n" ,
tsk->comm, tsk->pid, address);
if (fault & VM_FAULT_HWPOISON_LARGE)
lsb = hstate_index_to_shift(VM_FAULT_GET_HINDEX(fault));
if (fault & VM_FAULT_HWPOISON)
lsb = PAGE_SHIFT;
force_sig_mceerr(BUS_MCEERR_AR, (void __user *)address, lsb);
return ;
}
#endif
force_sig_fault(SIGBUS, BUS_ADRERR, (void __user *)address);
}
static int spurious_kernel_fault_check(unsigned long error_code, pte_t *pte)
{
if ((error_code & X86_PF_WRITE) && !pte_write(*pte))
return 0 ;
if ((error_code & X86_PF_INSTR) && !pte_exec(*pte))
return 0 ;
return 1 ;
}
/*
* Handle a spurious fault caused by a stale TLB entry .
*
* This allows us to lazily refresh the TLB when increasing the
* permissions of a kernel page ( RO - > RW or NX - > X ) . Doing it
* eagerly is very expensive since that implies doing a full
* cross - processor TLB flush , even if no stale TLB entries exist
* on other processors .
*
* Spurious faults may only occur if the TLB contains an entry with
* fewer permission than the page table entry . Non - present ( P = 0 )
* and reserved bit ( R = 1 ) faults are never spurious .
*
* There are no security implications to leaving a stale TLB when
* increasing the permissions on a page .
*
* Returns non - zero if a spurious fault was handled , zero otherwise .
*
* See Intel Developer ' s Manual Vol 3 Section 4 . 10 . 4 . 3 , bullet 3
* ( Optional Invalidation ) .
*/
static noinline int
spurious_kernel_fault(unsigned long error_code, unsigned long address)
{
pgd_t *pgd;
p4d_t *p4d;
pud_t *pud;
pmd_t *pmd;
pte_t *pte;
int ret;
/*
* Only writes to RO or instruction fetches from NX may cause
* spurious faults .
*
* These could be from user or supervisor accesses but the TLB
* is only lazily flushed after a kernel mapping protection
* change , so user accesses are not expected to cause spurious
* faults .
*/
if (error_code != (X86_PF_WRITE | X86_PF_PROT) &&
error_code != (X86_PF_INSTR | X86_PF_PROT))
return 0 ;
pgd = init_mm.pgd + pgd_index(address);
if (!pgd_present(*pgd))
return 0 ;
p4d = p4d_offset(pgd, address);
if (!p4d_present(*p4d))
return 0 ;
if (p4d_leaf(*p4d))
return spurious_kernel_fault_check(error_code, (pte_t *) p4d);
pud = pud_offset(p4d, address);
if (!pud_present(*pud))
return 0 ;
if (pud_leaf(*pud))
return spurious_kernel_fault_check(error_code, (pte_t *) pud);
pmd = pmd_offset(pud, address);
if (!pmd_present(*pmd))
return 0 ;
if (pmd_leaf(*pmd))
return spurious_kernel_fault_check(error_code, (pte_t *) pmd);
pte = pte_offset_kernel(pmd, address);
if (!pte_present(*pte))
return 0 ;
ret = spurious_kernel_fault_check(error_code, pte);
if (!ret)
return 0 ;
/*
* Make sure we have permissions in PMD .
* If not , then there ' s a bug in the page tables :
*/
ret = spurious_kernel_fault_check(error_code, (pte_t *) pmd);
WARN_ONCE(!ret, "PMD has incorrect permission bits\n" );
return ret;
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(spurious_kernel_fault);
int show_unhandled_signals = 1 ;
static inline int
access_error(unsigned long error_code, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
/* This is only called for the current mm, so: */
bool foreign = false ;
/*
* Read or write was blocked by protection keys . This is
* always an unconditional error and can never result in
* a follow - up action to resolve the fault , like a COW .
*/
if (error_code & X86_PF_PK)
return 1 ;
/*
* SGX hardware blocked the access . This usually happens
* when the enclave memory contents have been destroyed , like
* after a suspend / resume cycle . In any case , the kernel can ' t
* fix the cause of the fault . Handle the fault as an access
* error even in cases where no actual access violation
* occurred . This allows userspace to rebuild the enclave in
* response to the signal .
*/
if (unlikely(error_code & X86_PF_SGX))
return 1 ;
/*
* Make sure to check the VMA so that we do not perform
* faults just to hit a X86_PF_PK as soon as we fill in a
* page .
*/
if (!arch_vma_access_permitted(vma, (error_code & X86_PF_WRITE),
(error_code & X86_PF_INSTR), foreign))
return 1 ;
/*
* Shadow stack accesses ( PF_SHSTK = 1 ) are only permitted to
* shadow stack VMAs . All other accesses result in an error .
*/
if (error_code & X86_PF_SHSTK) {
if (unlikely(!(vma->vm_flags & VM_SHADOW_STACK)))
return 1 ;
if (unlikely(!(vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE)))
return 1 ;
return 0 ;
}
if (error_code & X86_PF_WRITE) {
/* write, present and write, not present: */
if (unlikely(vma->vm_flags & VM_SHADOW_STACK))
return 1 ;
if (unlikely(!(vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE)))
return 1 ;
return 0 ;
}
/* read, present: */
if (unlikely(error_code & X86_PF_PROT))
return 1 ;
/* read, not present: */
if (unlikely(!vma_is_accessible(vma)))
return 1 ;
return 0 ;
}
bool fault_in_kernel_space(unsigned long address)
{
/*
* On 64 - bit systems , the vsyscall page is at an address above
* TASK_SIZE_MAX , but is not considered part of the kernel
* address space .
*/
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_64) && is_vsyscall_vaddr(address))
return false ;
return address >= TASK_SIZE_MAX;
}
/*
* Called for all faults where ' address ' is part of the kernel address
* space . Might get called for faults that originate from * code * that
* ran in userspace or the kernel .
*/
static void
do_kern_addr_fault(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long hw_error_code,
unsigned long address)
{
/*
* Protection keys exceptions only happen on user pages . We
* have no user pages in the kernel portion of the address
* space , so do not expect them here .
*/
WARN_ON_ONCE(hw_error_code & X86_PF_PK);
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
/*
* We can fault - in kernel - space virtual memory on - demand . The
* ' reference ' page table is init_mm . pgd .
*
* NOTE ! We MUST NOT take any locks for this case . We may
* be in an interrupt or a critical region , and should
* only copy the information from the master page table ,
* nothing more .
*
* Before doing this on - demand faulting , ensure that the
* fault is not any of the following :
* 1 . A fault on a PTE with a reserved bit set .
* 2 . A fault caused by a user - mode access . ( Do not demand -
* fault kernel memory due to user - mode accesses ) .
* 3 . A fault caused by a page - level protection violation .
* ( A demand fault would be on a non - present page which
* would have X86_PF_PROT = = 0 ) .
*
* This is only needed to close a race condition on x86 - 32 in
* the vmalloc mapping / unmapping code . See the comment above
* vmalloc_fault ( ) for details . On x86 - 64 the race does not
* exist as the vmalloc mappings don ' t need to be synchronized
* there .
*/
if (!(hw_error_code & (X86_PF_RSVD | X86_PF_USER | X86_PF_PROT))) {
if (vmalloc_fault(address) >= 0 )
return ;
}
#endif
if (is_f00f_bug(regs, hw_error_code, address))
return ;
/* Was the fault spurious, caused by lazy TLB invalidation? */
if (spurious_kernel_fault(hw_error_code, address))
return ;
/* kprobes don't want to hook the spurious faults: */
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(kprobe_page_fault(regs, X86_TRAP_PF)))
return ;
/*
* Note , despite being a " bad area " , there are quite a few
* acceptable reasons to get here , such as erratum fixups
* and handling kernel code that can fault , like get_user ( ) .
*
* Don ' t take the mm semaphore here . If we fixup a prefetch
* fault we could otherwise deadlock :
*/
bad_area_nosemaphore(regs, hw_error_code, address);
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(do_kern_addr_fault);
/*
* Handle faults in the user portion of the address space . Nothing in here
* should check X86_PF_USER without a specific justification : for almost
* all purposes , we should treat a normal kernel access to user memory
* ( e . g . get_user ( ) , put_user ( ) , etc . ) the same as the WRUSS instruction .
* The one exception is AC flag handling , which is , per the x86
* architecture , special for WRUSS .
*/
static inline
void do_user_addr_fault(struct pt_regs *regs,
unsigned long error_code,
unsigned long address)
{
struct vm_area_struct *vma;
struct task_struct *tsk;
struct mm_struct *mm;
vm_fault_t fault;
unsigned int flags = FAULT_FLAG_DEFAULT;
tsk = current;
mm = tsk->mm;
if (unlikely((error_code & (X86_PF_USER | X86_PF_INSTR)) == X86_PF_INSTR)) {
/*
* Whoops , this is kernel mode code trying to execute from
* user memory . Unless this is AMD erratum # 93 , which
* corrupts RIP such that it looks like a user address ,
* this is unrecoverable . Don ' t even try to look up the
* VMA or look for extable entries .
*/
if (is_errata93(regs, address))
return ;
page_fault_oops(regs, error_code, address);
return ;
}
/* kprobes don't want to hook the spurious faults: */
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(kprobe_page_fault(regs, X86_TRAP_PF)))
return ;
/*
* Reserved bits are never expected to be set on
* entries in the user portion of the page tables .
*/
if (unlikely(error_code & X86_PF_RSVD))
pgtable_bad(regs, error_code, address);
/*
* If SMAP is on , check for invalid kernel ( supervisor ) access to user
* pages in the user address space . The odd case here is WRUSS ,
* which , according to the preliminary documentation , does not respect
* SMAP and will have the USER bit set so , in all cases , SMAP
* enforcement appears to be consistent with the USER bit .
*/
if (unlikely(cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_SMAP) &&
!(error_code & X86_PF_USER) &&
!(regs->flags & X86_EFLAGS_AC))) {
/*
* No extable entry here . This was a kernel access to an
* invalid pointer . get_kernel_nofault ( ) will not get here .
*/
page_fault_oops(regs, error_code, address);
return ;
}
/*
* If we ' re in an interrupt , have no user context or are running
* in a region with pagefaults disabled then we must not take the fault
*/
if (unlikely(faulthandler_disabled() || !mm)) {
bad_area_nosemaphore(regs, error_code, address);
return ;
}
/* Legacy check - remove this after verifying that it doesn't trigger */
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!(regs->flags & X86_EFLAGS_IF))) {
bad_area_nosemaphore(regs, error_code, address);
return ;
}
local_irq_enable();
perf_sw_event(PERF_COUNT_SW_PAGE_FAULTS, 1 , regs, address);
/*
* Read - only permissions can not be expressed in shadow stack PTEs .
* Treat all shadow stack accesses as WRITE faults . This ensures
* that the MM will prepare everything ( e . g . , break COW ) such that
* maybe_mkwrite ( ) can create a proper shadow stack PTE .
*/
if (error_code & X86_PF_SHSTK)
flags |= FAULT_FLAG_WRITE;
if (error_code & X86_PF_WRITE)
flags |= FAULT_FLAG_WRITE;
if (error_code & X86_PF_INSTR)
flags |= FAULT_FLAG_INSTRUCTION;
/*
* We set FAULT_FLAG_USER based on the register state , not
* based on X86_PF_USER . User space accesses that cause
* system page faults are still user accesses .
*/
if (user_mode(regs))
flags |= FAULT_FLAG_USER;
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
/*
* Faults in the vsyscall page might need emulation . The
* vsyscall page is at a high address ( > PAGE_OFFSET ) , but is
* considered to be part of the user address space .
*
* The vsyscall page does not have a " real " VMA , so do this
* emulation before we go searching for VMAs .
*
* PKRU never rejects instruction fetches , so we don ' t need
* to consider the PF_PK bit .
*/
if (is_vsyscall_vaddr(address)) {
if (emulate_vsyscall(error_code, regs, address))
return ;
}
#endif
if (!(flags & FAULT_FLAG_USER))
goto lock_mmap;
vma = lock_vma_under_rcu(mm, address);
if (!vma)
goto lock_mmap;
if (unlikely(access_error(error_code, vma))) {
bad_area_access_error(regs, error_code, address, NULL, vma);
count_vm_vma_lock_event(VMA_LOCK_SUCCESS);
return ;
}
fault = handle_mm_fault(vma, address, flags | FAULT_FLAG_VMA_LOCK, regs);
if (!(fault & (VM_FAULT_RETRY | VM_FAULT_COMPLETED)))
vma_end_read(vma);
if (!(fault & VM_FAULT_RETRY)) {
count_vm_vma_lock_event(VMA_LOCK_SUCCESS);
goto done;
}
count_vm_vma_lock_event(VMA_LOCK_RETRY);
if (fault & VM_FAULT_MAJOR)
flags |= FAULT_FLAG_TRIED;
/* Quick path to respond to signals */
if (fault_signal_pending(fault, regs)) {
if (!user_mode(regs))
kernelmode_fixup_or_oops(regs, error_code, address,
SIGBUS, BUS_ADRERR,
ARCH_DEFAULT_PKEY);
return ;
}
lock_mmap:
retry:
vma = lock_mm_and_find_vma(mm, address, regs);
if (unlikely(!vma)) {
bad_area_nosemaphore(regs, error_code, address);
return ;
}
/*
* Ok , we have a good vm_area for this memory access , so
* we can handle it . .
*/
if (unlikely(access_error(error_code, vma))) {
bad_area_access_error(regs, error_code, address, mm, vma);
return ;
}
/*
* If for any reason at all we couldn ' t handle the fault ,
* make sure we exit gracefully rather than endlessly redo
* the fault . Since we never set FAULT_FLAG_RETRY_NOWAIT , if
* we get VM_FAULT_RETRY back , the mmap_lock has been unlocked .
*
* Note that handle_userfault ( ) may also release and reacquire mmap_lock
* ( and not return with VM_FAULT_RETRY ) , when returning to userland to
* repeat the page fault later with a VM_FAULT_NOPAGE retval
* ( potentially after handling any pending signal during the return to
* userland ) . The return to userland is identified whenever
* FAULT_FLAG_USER | FAULT_FLAG_KILLABLE are both set in flags .
*/
fault = handle_mm_fault(vma, address, flags, regs);
if (fault_signal_pending(fault, regs)) {
/*
* Quick path to respond to signals . The core mm code
* has unlocked the mm for us if we get here .
*/
if (!user_mode(regs))
kernelmode_fixup_or_oops(regs, error_code, address,
SIGBUS, BUS_ADRERR,
ARCH_DEFAULT_PKEY);
return ;
}
/* The fault is fully completed (including releasing mmap lock) */
if (fault & VM_FAULT_COMPLETED)
return ;
/*
* If we need to retry the mmap_lock has already been released ,
* and if there is a fatal signal pending there is no guarantee
* that we made any progress . Handle this case first .
*/
if (unlikely(fault & VM_FAULT_RETRY)) {
flags |= FAULT_FLAG_TRIED;
goto retry;
}
mmap_read_unlock(mm);
done:
if (likely(!(fault & VM_FAULT_ERROR)))
return ;
if (fatal_signal_pending(current) && !user_mode(regs)) {
kernelmode_fixup_or_oops(regs, error_code, address,
0 , 0 , ARCH_DEFAULT_PKEY);
return ;
}
if (fault & VM_FAULT_OOM) {
/* Kernel mode? Handle exceptions or die: */
if (!user_mode(regs)) {
kernelmode_fixup_or_oops(regs, error_code, address,
SIGSEGV, SEGV_MAPERR,
ARCH_DEFAULT_PKEY);
return ;
}
/*
* We ran out of memory , call the OOM killer , and return the
* userspace ( which will retry the fault , or kill us if we got
* oom - killed ) :
*/
pagefault_out_of_memory();
} else {
if (fault & (VM_FAULT_SIGBUS|VM_FAULT_HWPOISON|
VM_FAULT_HWPOISON_LARGE))
do_sigbus(regs, error_code, address, fault);
else if (fault & VM_FAULT_SIGSEGV)
bad_area_nosemaphore(regs, error_code, address);
else
BUG();
}
}
NOKPROBE_SYMBOL(do_user_addr_fault);
static __always_inline void
trace_page_fault_entries(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code,
unsigned long address)
{
if (user_mode(regs))
trace_page_fault_user(address, regs, error_code);
else
trace_page_fault_kernel(address, regs, error_code);
}
static __always_inline void
handle_page_fault(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long error_code,
unsigned long address)
{
trace_page_fault_entries(regs, error_code, address);
if (unlikely(kmmio_fault(regs, address)))
return ;
/* Was the fault on kernel-controlled part of the address space? */
if (unlikely(fault_in_kernel_space(address))) {
do_kern_addr_fault(regs, error_code, address);
} else {
do_user_addr_fault(regs, error_code, address);
/*
* User address page fault handling might have reenabled
* interrupts . Fixing up all potential exit points of
* do_user_addr_fault ( ) and its leaf functions is just not
* doable w / o creating an unholy mess or turning the code
* upside down .
*/
local_irq_disable();
}
}
DEFINE_IDTENTRY_RAW_ERRORCODE(exc_page_fault)
{
irqentry_state_t state;
unsigned long address;
address = cpu_feature_enabled(X86_FEATURE_FRED) ? fred_event_data(regs) : read_cr2();
/*
* KVM uses # PF vector to deliver ' page not present ' events to guests
* ( asynchronous page fault mechanism ) . The event happens when a
* userspace task is trying to access some valid ( from guest ' s point of
* view ) memory which is not currently mapped by the host ( e . g . the
* memory is swapped out ) . Note , the corresponding " page ready " event
* which is injected when the memory becomes available , is delivered via
* an interrupt mechanism and not a # PF exception
* ( see arch / x86 / kernel / kvm . c : sysvec_kvm_asyncpf_interrupt ( ) ) .
*
* We are relying on the interrupted context being sane ( valid RSP ,
* relevant locks not held , etc . ) , which is fine as long as the
* interrupted context had IF = 1 . We are also relying on the KVM
* async pf type field and CR2 being read consistently instead of
* getting values from real and async page faults mixed up .
*
* Fingers crossed .
*
* The async # PF handling code takes care of idtentry handling
* itself .
*/
if (kvm_handle_async_pf(regs, (u32)address))
return ;
/*
* Entry handling for valid # PF from kernel mode is slightly
* different : RCU is already watching and ct_irq_enter ( ) must not
* be invoked because a kernel fault on a user space address might
* sleep .
*
* In case the fault hit a RCU idle region the conditional entry
* code reenabled RCU to avoid subsequent wreckage which helps
* debuggability .
*/
state = irqentry_enter(regs);
instrumentation_begin();
handle_page_fault(regs, error_code, address);
instrumentation_end();
irqentry_exit(regs, state);
}
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