// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
* Kernel - based Virtual Machine driver for Linux
*
* Macros and functions to access KVM PTEs ( also known as SPTEs )
*
* Copyright ( C ) 2006 Qumranet , Inc .
* Copyright 2020 Red Hat , Inc . and / or its affiliates .
*/
#define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
#include <linux/kvm_host.h>
#include "mmu.h"
#include "mmu_internal.h"
#include "x86.h"
#include "spte.h"
#include <asm /e820/api.h>
#include <asm /memtype.h>
#include <asm /vmx.h>
bool __read_mostly enable_mmio_caching = true ;
static bool __ro_after_init allow_mmio_caching;
module_param_named(mmio_caching, enable_mmio_caching, bool , 0444 );
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(enable_mmio_caching);
bool __read_mostly kvm_ad_enabled;
u64 __read_mostly shadow_host_writable_mask;
u64 __read_mostly shadow_mmu_writable_mask;
u64 __read_mostly shadow_nx_mask;
u64 __read_mostly shadow_x_mask; /* mutual exclusive with nx_mask */
u64 __read_mostly shadow_user_mask;
u64 __read_mostly shadow_accessed_mask;
u64 __read_mostly shadow_dirty_mask;
u64 __read_mostly shadow_mmio_value;
u64 __read_mostly shadow_mmio_mask;
u64 __read_mostly shadow_mmio_access_mask;
u64 __read_mostly shadow_present_mask;
u64 __read_mostly shadow_me_value;
u64 __read_mostly shadow_me_mask;
u64 __read_mostly shadow_acc_track_mask;
u64 __read_mostly shadow_nonpresent_or_rsvd_mask;
u64 __read_mostly shadow_nonpresent_or_rsvd_lower_gfn_mask;
static u8 __init kvm_get_host_maxphyaddr(void )
{
/*
* boot_cpu_data . x86_phys_bits is reduced when MKTME or SME are detected
* in CPU detection code , but the processor treats those reduced bits as
* ' keyID ' thus they are not reserved bits . Therefore KVM needs to look at
* the physical address bits reported by CPUID , i . e . the raw MAXPHYADDR ,
* when reasoning about CPU behavior with respect to MAXPHYADDR .
*/
if (likely(boot_cpu_data.extended_cpuid_level >= 0 x80000008))
return cpuid_eax(0 x80000008) & 0 xff;
/*
* Quite weird to have VMX or SVM but not MAXPHYADDR ; probably a VM with
* custom CPUID . Proceed with whatever the kernel found since these features
* aren ' t virtualizable ( SME / SEV also require CPUIDs higher than 0 x80000008 ) .
*/
return boot_cpu_data.x86_phys_bits;
}
void __init kvm_mmu_spte_module_init(void )
{
/*
* Snapshot userspace ' s desire to allow MMIO caching . Whether or not
* KVM can actually enable MMIO caching depends on vendor - specific
* hardware capabilities and other module params that can ' t be resolved
* until the vendor module is loaded , i . e . enable_mmio_caching can and
* will change when the vendor module is ( re ) loaded .
*/
allow_mmio_caching = enable_mmio_caching;
kvm_host.maxphyaddr = kvm_get_host_maxphyaddr();
}
static u64 generation_mmio_spte_mask(u64 gen)
{
u64 mask;
WARN_ON_ONCE(gen & ~MMIO_SPTE_GEN_MASK);
mask = (gen << MMIO_SPTE_GEN_LOW_SHIFT) & MMIO_SPTE_GEN_LOW_MASK;
mask |= (gen << MMIO_SPTE_GEN_HIGH_SHIFT) & MMIO_SPTE_GEN_HIGH_MASK;
return mask;
}
u64 make_mmio_spte(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, u64 gfn, unsigned int access)
{
u64 gen = kvm_vcpu_memslots(vcpu)->generation & MMIO_SPTE_GEN_MASK;
u64 spte = generation_mmio_spte_mask(gen);
u64 gpa = gfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
access &= shadow_mmio_access_mask;
spte |= vcpu->kvm->arch.shadow_mmio_value | access;
spte |= gpa | shadow_nonpresent_or_rsvd_mask;
spte |= (gpa & shadow_nonpresent_or_rsvd_mask)
<< SHADOW_NONPRESENT_OR_RSVD_MASK_LEN;
return spte;
}
static bool __kvm_is_mmio_pfn(kvm_pfn_t pfn)
{
if (pfn_valid(pfn))
return !is_zero_pfn(pfn) && PageReserved(pfn_to_page(pfn)) &&
/*
* Some reserved pages , such as those from NVDIMM
* DAX devices , are not for MMIO , and can be mapped
* with cached memory type for better performance .
* However , the above check misconceives those pages
* as MMIO , and results in KVM mapping them with UC
* memory type , which would hurt the performance .
* Therefore , we check the host memory type in addition
* and only treat UC / UC - / WC pages as MMIO .
*/
(!pat_enabled() || pat_pfn_immune_to_uc_mtrr(pfn));
return !e820__mapped_raw_any(pfn_to_hpa(pfn),
pfn_to_hpa(pfn + 1 ) - 1 ,
E820_TYPE_RAM);
}
static bool kvm_is_mmio_pfn(kvm_pfn_t pfn, int *is_host_mmio)
{
/*
* Determining if a PFN is host MMIO is relative expensive . Cache the
* result locally ( in the sole caller ) to avoid doing the full query
* multiple times when creating a single SPTE .
*/
if (*is_host_mmio < 0 )
*is_host_mmio = __kvm_is_mmio_pfn(pfn);
return *is_host_mmio;
}
static void kvm_track_host_mmio_mapping(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
{
struct kvm_mmu_page *root = root_to_sp(vcpu->arch.mmu->root.hpa);
if (root)
WRITE_ONCE(root->has_mapped_host_mmio, true );
else
WRITE_ONCE(vcpu->kvm->arch.has_mapped_host_mmio, true );
/*
* Force vCPUs to exit and flush CPU buffers if the vCPU is using the
* affected root ( s ) .
*/
kvm_make_all_cpus_request(vcpu->kvm, KVM_REQ_OUTSIDE_GUEST_MODE);
}
/*
* Returns true if the SPTE needs to be updated atomically due to having bits
* that may be changed without holding mmu_lock , and for which KVM must not
* lose information . E . g . KVM must not drop Dirty bit information . The caller
* is responsible for checking if the SPTE is shadow - present , and for
* determining whether or not the caller cares about non - leaf SPTEs .
*/
bool spte_needs_atomic_update(u64 spte)
{
/* SPTEs can be made Writable bit by KVM's fast page fault handler. */
if (!is_writable_pte(spte) && is_mmu_writable_spte(spte))
return true ;
/*
* A / D - disabled SPTEs can be access - tracked by aging , and access - tracked
* SPTEs can be restored by KVM ' s fast page fault handler .
*/
if (!spte_ad_enabled(spte))
return true ;
/*
* Dirty and Accessed bits can be set by the CPU . Ignore the Accessed
* bit , as KVM tolerates false negatives / positives , e . g . KVM doesn ' t
* invalidate TLBs when aging SPTEs , and so it ' s safe to clobber the
* Accessed bit ( and rare in practice ) .
*/
return is_writable_pte(spte) && !(spte & shadow_dirty_mask);
}
bool make_spte(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu, struct kvm_mmu_page *sp,
const struct kvm_memory_slot *slot,
unsigned int pte_access, gfn_t gfn, kvm_pfn_t pfn,
u64 old_spte, bool prefetch, bool synchronizing,
bool host_writable, u64 *new_spte)
{
int level = sp->role.level;
u64 spte = SPTE_MMU_PRESENT_MASK;
int is_host_mmio = -1 ;
bool wrprot = false ;
/*
* For the EPT case , shadow_present_mask has no RWX bits set if
* exec - only page table entries are supported . In that case ,
* ACC_USER_MASK and shadow_user_mask are used to represent
* read access . See FNAME ( gpte_access ) in paging_tmpl . h .
*/
WARN_ON_ONCE((pte_access | shadow_present_mask) == SHADOW_NONPRESENT_VALUE);
if (sp->role.ad_disabled)
spte |= SPTE_TDP_AD_DISABLED;
else if (kvm_mmu_page_ad_need_write_protect(vcpu->kvm, sp))
spte |= SPTE_TDP_AD_WRPROT_ONLY;
spte |= shadow_present_mask;
if (!prefetch || synchronizing)
spte |= shadow_accessed_mask;
/*
* For simplicity , enforce the NX huge page mitigation even if not
* strictly necessary . KVM could ignore the mitigation if paging is
* disabled in the guest , as the guest doesn ' t have any page tables to
* abuse . But to safely ignore the mitigation , KVM would have to
* ensure a new MMU is loaded ( or all shadow pages zapped ) when CR0 . PG
* is toggled on , and that ' s a net negative for performance when TDP is
* enabled . When TDP is disabled , KVM will always switch to a new MMU
* when CR0 . PG is toggled , but leveraging that to ignore the mitigation
* would tie make_spte ( ) further to vCPU / MMU state , and add complexity
* just to optimize a mode that is anything but performance critical .
*/
if (level > PG_LEVEL_4K && (pte_access & ACC_EXEC_MASK) &&
is_nx_huge_page_enabled(vcpu->kvm)) {
pte_access &= ~ACC_EXEC_MASK;
}
if (pte_access & ACC_EXEC_MASK)
spte |= shadow_x_mask;
else
spte |= shadow_nx_mask;
if (pte_access & ACC_USER_MASK)
spte |= shadow_user_mask;
if (level > PG_LEVEL_4K)
spte |= PT_PAGE_SIZE_MASK;
if (kvm_x86_ops.get_mt_mask)
spte |= kvm_x86_call(get_mt_mask)(vcpu, gfn,
kvm_is_mmio_pfn(pfn, &is_host_mmio));
if (host_writable)
spte |= shadow_host_writable_mask;
else
pte_access &= ~ACC_WRITE_MASK;
if (shadow_me_value && !kvm_is_mmio_pfn(pfn, &is_host_mmio))
spte |= shadow_me_value;
spte |= (u64)pfn << PAGE_SHIFT;
if (pte_access & ACC_WRITE_MASK) {
/*
* Unsync shadow pages that are reachable by the new , writable
* SPTE . Write - protect the SPTE if the page can ' t be unsync ' d ,
* e . g . it ' s write - tracked ( upper - level SPs ) or has one or more
* shadow pages and unsync ' ing pages is not allowed .
*
* When overwriting an existing leaf SPTE , and the old SPTE was
* writable , skip trying to unsync shadow pages as any relevant
* shadow pages must already be unsync , i . e . the hash lookup is
* unnecessary ( and expensive ) . Note , this relies on KVM not
* changing PFNs without first zapping the old SPTE , which is
* guaranteed by both the shadow MMU and the TDP MMU .
*/
if ((!is_last_spte(old_spte, level) || !is_writable_pte(old_spte)) &&
mmu_try_to_unsync_pages(vcpu->kvm, slot, gfn, synchronizing, prefetch))
wrprot = true ;
else
spte |= PT_WRITABLE_MASK | shadow_mmu_writable_mask |
shadow_dirty_mask;
}
if (prefetch && !synchronizing)
spte = mark_spte_for_access_track(spte);
WARN_ONCE(is_rsvd_spte(&vcpu->arch.mmu->shadow_zero_check, spte, level),
"spte = 0x%llx, level = %d, rsvd bits = 0x%llx" , spte, level,
get_rsvd_bits(&vcpu->arch.mmu->shadow_zero_check, spte, level));
/*
* Mark the memslot dirty * after * modifying it for access tracking .
* Unlike folios , memslots can be safely marked dirty out of mmu_lock ,
* i . e . in the fast page fault handler .
*/
if ((spte & PT_WRITABLE_MASK) && kvm_slot_dirty_track_enabled(slot)) {
/* Enforced by kvm_mmu_hugepage_adjust. */
WARN_ON_ONCE(level > PG_LEVEL_4K);
mark_page_dirty_in_slot(vcpu->kvm, slot, gfn);
}
if (static_branch_unlikely(&cpu_buf_vm_clear) &&
!kvm_vcpu_can_access_host_mmio(vcpu) &&
kvm_is_mmio_pfn(pfn, &is_host_mmio))
kvm_track_host_mmio_mapping(vcpu);
*new_spte = spte;
return wrprot;
}
static u64 modify_spte_protections(u64 spte, u64 set, u64 clear)
{
bool is_access_track = is_access_track_spte(spte);
if (is_access_track)
spte = restore_acc_track_spte(spte);
KVM_MMU_WARN_ON(set & clear);
spte = (spte | set) & ~clear;
if (is_access_track)
spte = mark_spte_for_access_track(spte);
return spte;
}
static u64 make_spte_executable(u64 spte)
{
return modify_spte_protections(spte, shadow_x_mask, shadow_nx_mask);
}
static u64 make_spte_nonexecutable(u64 spte)
{
return modify_spte_protections(spte, shadow_nx_mask, shadow_x_mask);
}
/*
* Construct an SPTE that maps a sub - page of the given huge page SPTE where
* ` index ` identifies which sub - page .
*
* This is used during huge page splitting to build the SPTEs that make up the
* new page table .
*/
u64 make_small_spte(struct kvm *kvm, u64 huge_spte,
union kvm_mmu_page_role role, int index)
{
u64 child_spte = huge_spte;
KVM_BUG_ON(!is_shadow_present_pte(huge_spte) || !is_large_pte(huge_spte), kvm);
/*
* The child_spte already has the base address of the huge page being
* split . So we just have to OR in the offset to the page at the next
* lower level for the given index .
*/
child_spte |= (index * KVM_PAGES_PER_HPAGE(role.level)) << PAGE_SHIFT;
if (role.level == PG_LEVEL_4K) {
child_spte &= ~PT_PAGE_SIZE_MASK;
/*
* When splitting to a 4 K page where execution is allowed , mark
* the page executable as the NX hugepage mitigation no longer
* applies .
*/
if ((role.access & ACC_EXEC_MASK) && is_nx_huge_page_enabled(kvm))
child_spte = make_spte_executable(child_spte);
}
return child_spte;
}
u64 make_huge_spte(struct kvm *kvm, u64 small_spte, int level)
{
u64 huge_spte;
KVM_BUG_ON(!is_shadow_present_pte(small_spte) || level == PG_LEVEL_4K, kvm);
huge_spte = small_spte | PT_PAGE_SIZE_MASK;
/*
* huge_spte already has the address of the sub - page being collapsed
* from small_spte , so just clear the lower address bits to create the
* huge page address .
*/
huge_spte &= KVM_HPAGE_MASK(level) | ~PAGE_MASK;
if (is_nx_huge_page_enabled(kvm))
huge_spte = make_spte_nonexecutable(huge_spte);
return huge_spte;
}
u64 make_nonleaf_spte(u64 *child_pt, bool ad_disabled)
{
u64 spte = SPTE_MMU_PRESENT_MASK;
spte |= __pa(child_pt) | shadow_present_mask | PT_WRITABLE_MASK |
shadow_user_mask | shadow_x_mask | shadow_me_value;
if (ad_disabled)
spte |= SPTE_TDP_AD_DISABLED;
else
spte |= shadow_accessed_mask;
return spte;
}
u64 mark_spte_for_access_track(u64 spte)
{
if (spte_ad_enabled(spte))
return spte & ~shadow_accessed_mask;
if (is_access_track_spte(spte))
return spte;
check_spte_writable_invariants(spte);
WARN_ONCE(spte & (SHADOW_ACC_TRACK_SAVED_BITS_MASK <<
SHADOW_ACC_TRACK_SAVED_BITS_SHIFT),
"Access Tracking saved bit locations are not zero\n" );
spte |= (spte & SHADOW_ACC_TRACK_SAVED_BITS_MASK) <<
SHADOW_ACC_TRACK_SAVED_BITS_SHIFT;
spte &= ~(shadow_acc_track_mask | shadow_accessed_mask);
return spte;
}
void kvm_mmu_set_mmio_spte_mask(u64 mmio_value, u64 mmio_mask, u64 access_mask)
{
BUG_ON((u64)(unsigned )access_mask != access_mask);
WARN_ON(mmio_value & shadow_nonpresent_or_rsvd_lower_gfn_mask);
/*
* Reset to the original module param value to honor userspace ' s desire
* to ( dis ) allow MMIO caching . Update the param itself so that
* userspace can see whether or not KVM is actually using MMIO caching .
*/
enable_mmio_caching = allow_mmio_caching;
if (!enable_mmio_caching)
mmio_value = 0 ;
/*
* The mask must contain only bits that are carved out specifically for
* the MMIO SPTE mask , e . g . to ensure there ' s no overlap with the MMIO
* generation .
*/
if (WARN_ON(mmio_mask & ~SPTE_MMIO_ALLOWED_MASK))
mmio_value = 0 ;
/*
* Disable MMIO caching if the MMIO value collides with the bits that
* are used to hold the relocated GFN when the L1TF mitigation is
* enabled . This should never fire as there is no known hardware that
* can trigger this condition , e . g . SME / SEV CPUs that require a custom
* MMIO value are not susceptible to L1TF .
*/
if (WARN_ON(mmio_value & (shadow_nonpresent_or_rsvd_mask <<
SHADOW_NONPRESENT_OR_RSVD_MASK_LEN)))
mmio_value = 0 ;
/*
* The masked MMIO value must obviously match itself and a frozen SPTE
* must not get a false positive . Frozen SPTEs and MMIO SPTEs should
* never collide as MMIO must set some RWX bits , and frozen SPTEs must
* not set any RWX bits .
*/
if (WARN_ON((mmio_value & mmio_mask) != mmio_value) ||
WARN_ON(mmio_value && (FROZEN_SPTE & mmio_mask) == mmio_value))
mmio_value = 0 ;
if (!mmio_value)
enable_mmio_caching = false ;
shadow_mmio_value = mmio_value;
shadow_mmio_mask = mmio_mask;
shadow_mmio_access_mask = access_mask;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kvm_mmu_set_mmio_spte_mask);
void kvm_mmu_set_mmio_spte_value(struct kvm *kvm, u64 mmio_value)
{
kvm->arch.shadow_mmio_value = mmio_value;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kvm_mmu_set_mmio_spte_value);
void kvm_mmu_set_me_spte_mask(u64 me_value, u64 me_mask)
{
/* shadow_me_value must be a subset of shadow_me_mask */
if (WARN_ON(me_value & ~me_mask))
me_value = me_mask = 0 ;
shadow_me_value = me_value;
shadow_me_mask = me_mask;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kvm_mmu_set_me_spte_mask);
void kvm_mmu_set_ept_masks(bool has_ad_bits, bool has_exec_only)
{
kvm_ad_enabled = has_ad_bits;
shadow_user_mask = VMX_EPT_READABLE_MASK;
shadow_accessed_mask = VMX_EPT_ACCESS_BIT;
shadow_dirty_mask = VMX_EPT_DIRTY_BIT;
shadow_nx_mask = 0 ull;
shadow_x_mask = VMX_EPT_EXECUTABLE_MASK;
/* VMX_EPT_SUPPRESS_VE_BIT is needed for W or X violation. */
shadow_present_mask =
(has_exec_only ? 0 ull : VMX_EPT_READABLE_MASK) | VMX_EPT_SUPPRESS_VE_BIT;
shadow_acc_track_mask = VMX_EPT_RWX_MASK;
shadow_host_writable_mask = EPT_SPTE_HOST_WRITABLE;
shadow_mmu_writable_mask = EPT_SPTE_MMU_WRITABLE;
/*
* EPT Misconfigurations are generated if the value of bits 2 : 0
* of an EPT paging - structure entry is 110 b ( write / execute ) .
*/
kvm_mmu_set_mmio_spte_mask(VMX_EPT_MISCONFIG_WX_VALUE,
VMX_EPT_RWX_MASK | VMX_EPT_SUPPRESS_VE_BIT, 0 );
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(kvm_mmu_set_ept_masks);
void kvm_mmu_reset_all_pte_masks(void )
{
u8 low_phys_bits;
u64 mask;
kvm_ad_enabled = true ;
/*
* If the CPU has 46 or less physical address bits , then set an
* appropriate mask to guard against L1TF attacks . Otherwise , it is
* assumed that the CPU is not vulnerable to L1TF .
*
* Some Intel CPUs address the L1 cache using more PA bits than are
* reported by CPUID . Use the PA width of the L1 cache when possible
* to achieve more effective mitigation , e . g . if system RAM overlaps
* the most significant bits of legal physical address space .
*/
shadow_nonpresent_or_rsvd_mask = 0 ;
low_phys_bits = boot_cpu_data.x86_phys_bits;
if (boot_cpu_has_bug(X86_BUG_L1TF) &&
!WARN_ON_ONCE(boot_cpu_data.x86_cache_bits >=
52 - SHADOW_NONPRESENT_OR_RSVD_MASK_LEN)) {
low_phys_bits = boot_cpu_data.x86_cache_bits
- SHADOW_NONPRESENT_OR_RSVD_MASK_LEN;
shadow_nonpresent_or_rsvd_mask =
rsvd_bits(low_phys_bits, boot_cpu_data.x86_cache_bits - 1 );
}
shadow_nonpresent_or_rsvd_lower_gfn_mask =
GENMASK_ULL(low_phys_bits - 1 , PAGE_SHIFT);
shadow_user_mask = PT_USER_MASK;
shadow_accessed_mask = PT_ACCESSED_MASK;
shadow_dirty_mask = PT_DIRTY_MASK;
shadow_nx_mask = PT64_NX_MASK;
shadow_x_mask = 0 ;
shadow_present_mask = PT_PRESENT_MASK;
shadow_acc_track_mask = 0 ;
shadow_me_mask = 0 ;
shadow_me_value = 0 ;
shadow_host_writable_mask = DEFAULT_SPTE_HOST_WRITABLE;
shadow_mmu_writable_mask = DEFAULT_SPTE_MMU_WRITABLE;
/*
* Set a reserved PA bit in MMIO SPTEs to generate page faults with
* PFEC . RSVD = 1 on MMIO accesses . 64 - bit PTEs ( PAE , x86 - 64 , and EPT
* paging ) support a maximum of 52 bits of PA , i . e . if the CPU supports
* 52 - bit physical addresses then there are no reserved PA bits in the
* PTEs and so the reserved PA approach must be disabled .
*/
if (kvm_host.maxphyaddr < 52 )
mask = BIT_ULL(51 ) | PT_PRESENT_MASK;
else
mask = 0 ;
kvm_mmu_set_mmio_spte_mask(mask, mask, ACC_WRITE_MASK | ACC_USER_MASK);
}
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