// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
* Kexec bzImage loader
*
* Copyright ( C ) 2014 Red Hat Inc .
* Authors :
* Vivek Goyal < vgoyal @ redhat . com >
*/
#define pr_fmt(fmt) "kexec-bzImage64: " fmt
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/printk.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/kexec.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/efi.h>
#include <linux/random.h>
#include <asm /bootparam.h>
#include <asm /setup.h>
#include <asm /crash.h>
#include <asm /efi.h>
#include <asm /e820/api.h>
#include <asm /kexec-bzimage64.h>
#define MAX_ELFCOREHDR_STR_LEN 30 /* elfcorehdr=0x<64bit-value> */
#define MAX_DMCRYPTKEYS_STR_LEN 31 /* dmcryptkeys=0x<64bit-value> */
/*
* Defines lowest physical address for various segments . Not sure where
* exactly these limits came from . Current bzimage64 loader in kexec - tools
* uses these so I am retaining it . It can be changed over time as we gain
* more insight .
*/
#define MIN_PURGATORY_ADDR 0 x3000
#define MIN_BOOTPARAM_ADDR 0 x3000
#define MIN_KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR 0 x100000
#define MIN_INITRD_LOAD_ADDR 0 x1000000
/*
* This is a place holder for all boot loader specific data structure which
* gets allocated in one call but gets freed much later during cleanup
* time . Right now there is only one field but it can grow as need be .
*/
struct bzimage64_data {
/*
* Temporary buffer to hold bootparams buffer . This should be
* freed once the bootparam segment has been loaded .
*/
void *bootparams_buf;
};
static int setup_initrd(struct boot_params *params,
unsigned long initrd_load_addr, unsigned long initrd_len)
{
params->hdr.ramdisk_image = initrd_load_addr & 0 xffffffffUL;
params->hdr.ramdisk_size = initrd_len & 0 xffffffffUL;
params->ext_ramdisk_image = initrd_load_addr >> 32 ;
params->ext_ramdisk_size = initrd_len >> 32 ;
return 0 ;
}
static int setup_cmdline(struct kimage *image, struct boot_params *params,
unsigned long bootparams_load_addr,
unsigned long cmdline_offset, char *cmdline,
unsigned long cmdline_len)
{
char *cmdline_ptr = ((char *)params) + cmdline_offset;
unsigned long cmdline_ptr_phys, len = 0 ;
uint32_t cmdline_low_32, cmdline_ext_32;
if (image->type == KEXEC_TYPE_CRASH) {
len = sprintf(cmdline_ptr,
"elfcorehdr=0x%lx " , image->elf_load_addr);
if (image->dm_crypt_keys_addr != 0 )
len += sprintf(cmdline_ptr + len,
"dmcryptkeys=0x%lx " , image->dm_crypt_keys_addr);
}
memcpy(cmdline_ptr + len, cmdline, cmdline_len);
cmdline_len += len;
cmdline_ptr[cmdline_len - 1 ] = '\0' ;
kexec_dprintk("Final command line is: %s\n" , cmdline_ptr);
cmdline_ptr_phys = bootparams_load_addr + cmdline_offset;
cmdline_low_32 = cmdline_ptr_phys & 0 xffffffffUL;
cmdline_ext_32 = cmdline_ptr_phys >> 32 ;
params->hdr.cmd_line_ptr = cmdline_low_32;
if (cmdline_ext_32)
params->ext_cmd_line_ptr = cmdline_ext_32;
return 0 ;
}
static int setup_e820_entries(struct boot_params *params)
{
unsigned int nr_e820_entries;
nr_e820_entries = e820_table_kexec->nr_entries;
/* TODO: Pass entries more than E820_MAX_ENTRIES_ZEROPAGE in bootparams setup data */
if (nr_e820_entries > E820_MAX_ENTRIES_ZEROPAGE)
nr_e820_entries = E820_MAX_ENTRIES_ZEROPAGE;
params->e820_entries = nr_e820_entries;
memcpy(¶ms->e820_table, &e820_table_kexec->entries, nr_e820_entries*sizeof (struct e820_entry));
return 0 ;
}
enum { RNG_SEED_LENGTH = 32 };
static void
setup_rng_seed(struct boot_params *params, unsigned long params_load_addr,
unsigned int rng_seed_setup_data_offset)
{
struct setup_data *sd = (void *)params + rng_seed_setup_data_offset;
unsigned long setup_data_phys;
if (!rng_is_initialized())
return ;
sd->type = SETUP_RNG_SEED;
sd->len = RNG_SEED_LENGTH;
get_random_bytes(sd->data, RNG_SEED_LENGTH);
setup_data_phys = params_load_addr + rng_seed_setup_data_offset;
sd->next = params->hdr.setup_data;
params->hdr.setup_data = setup_data_phys;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_EFI
static int setup_efi_info_memmap(struct boot_params *params,
unsigned long params_load_addr,
unsigned int efi_map_offset,
unsigned int efi_map_sz)
{
void *efi_map = (void *)params + efi_map_offset;
unsigned long efi_map_phys_addr = params_load_addr + efi_map_offset;
struct efi_info *ei = ¶ms->efi_info;
if (!efi_map_sz)
return 0 ;
efi_runtime_map_copy(efi_map, efi_map_sz);
ei->efi_memmap = efi_map_phys_addr & 0 xffffffff;
ei->efi_memmap_hi = efi_map_phys_addr >> 32 ;
ei->efi_memmap_size = efi_map_sz;
return 0 ;
}
static int
prepare_add_efi_setup_data(struct boot_params *params,
unsigned long params_load_addr,
unsigned int efi_setup_data_offset)
{
unsigned long setup_data_phys;
struct setup_data *sd = (void *)params + efi_setup_data_offset;
struct efi_setup_data *esd = (void *)sd + sizeof (struct setup_data);
esd->fw_vendor = efi_fw_vendor;
esd->tables = efi_config_table;
esd->smbios = efi.smbios;
sd->type = SETUP_EFI;
sd->len = sizeof (struct efi_setup_data);
/* Add setup data */
setup_data_phys = params_load_addr + efi_setup_data_offset;
sd->next = params->hdr.setup_data;
params->hdr.setup_data = setup_data_phys;
return 0 ;
}
static int
setup_efi_state(struct boot_params *params, unsigned long params_load_addr,
unsigned int efi_map_offset, unsigned int efi_map_sz,
unsigned int efi_setup_data_offset)
{
struct efi_info *current_ei = &boot_params.efi_info;
struct efi_info *ei = ¶ms->efi_info;
if (!efi_enabled(EFI_RUNTIME_SERVICES))
return 0 ;
if (!current_ei->efi_memmap_size)
return 0 ;
params->secure_boot = boot_params.secure_boot;
ei->efi_loader_signature = current_ei->efi_loader_signature;
ei->efi_systab = current_ei->efi_systab;
ei->efi_systab_hi = current_ei->efi_systab_hi;
ei->efi_memdesc_version = current_ei->efi_memdesc_version;
ei->efi_memdesc_size = efi_get_runtime_map_desc_size();
setup_efi_info_memmap(params, params_load_addr, efi_map_offset,
efi_map_sz);
prepare_add_efi_setup_data(params, params_load_addr,
efi_setup_data_offset);
return 0 ;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_EFI */
static void
setup_ima_state(const struct kimage *image, struct boot_params *params,
unsigned long params_load_addr,
unsigned int ima_setup_data_offset)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_IMA_KEXEC
struct setup_data *sd = (void *)params + ima_setup_data_offset;
unsigned long setup_data_phys;
struct ima_setup_data *ima;
if (!image->ima_buffer_size)
return ;
sd->type = SETUP_IMA;
sd->len = sizeof (*ima);
ima = (void *)sd + sizeof (struct setup_data);
ima->addr = image->ima_buffer_addr;
ima->size = image->ima_buffer_size;
/* Add setup data */
setup_data_phys = params_load_addr + ima_setup_data_offset;
sd->next = params->hdr.setup_data;
params->hdr.setup_data = setup_data_phys;
#endif /* CONFIG_IMA_KEXEC */
}
static void setup_kho(const struct kimage *image, struct boot_params *params,
unsigned long params_load_addr,
unsigned int setup_data_offset)
{
struct setup_data *sd = (void *)params + setup_data_offset;
struct kho_data *kho = (void *)sd + sizeof (*sd);
if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KEXEC_HANDOVER))
return ;
sd->type = SETUP_KEXEC_KHO;
sd->len = sizeof (struct kho_data);
/* Only add if we have all KHO images in place */
if (!image->kho.fdt || !image->kho.scratch)
return ;
/* Add setup data */
kho->fdt_addr = image->kho.fdt;
kho->fdt_size = PAGE_SIZE;
kho->scratch_addr = image->kho.scratch->mem;
kho->scratch_size = image->kho.scratch->bufsz;
sd->next = params->hdr.setup_data;
params->hdr.setup_data = params_load_addr + setup_data_offset;
}
static int
setup_boot_parameters(struct kimage *image, struct boot_params *params,
unsigned long params_load_addr,
unsigned int efi_map_offset, unsigned int efi_map_sz,
unsigned int setup_data_offset)
{
unsigned int nr_e820_entries;
unsigned long long mem_k, start, end;
int i, ret = 0 ;
/* Get subarch from existing bootparams */
params->hdr.hardware_subarch = boot_params.hdr.hardware_subarch;
/* Copying screen_info will do? */
memcpy(¶ms->screen_info, &screen_info, sizeof (struct screen_info));
/* Fill in memsize later */
params->screen_info.ext_mem_k = 0 ;
params->alt_mem_k = 0 ;
/* Always fill in RSDP: it is either 0 or a valid value */
params->acpi_rsdp_addr = boot_params.acpi_rsdp_addr;
/* Default APM info */
memset(¶ms->apm_bios_info, 0 , sizeof (params->apm_bios_info));
/* Default drive info */
memset(¶ms->hd0_info, 0 , sizeof (params->hd0_info));
memset(¶ms->hd1_info, 0 , sizeof (params->hd1_info));
#ifdef CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP
if (image->type == KEXEC_TYPE_CRASH) {
ret = crash_setup_memmap_entries(image, params);
if (ret)
return ret;
} else
#endif
setup_e820_entries(params);
nr_e820_entries = params->e820_entries;
kexec_dprintk("E820 memmap:\n" );
for (i = 0 ; i < nr_e820_entries; i++) {
kexec_dprintk("%016llx-%016llx (%d)\n" ,
params->e820_table[i].addr,
params->e820_table[i].addr + params->e820_table[i].size - 1 ,
params->e820_table[i].type);
if (params->e820_table[i].type != E820_TYPE_RAM)
continue ;
start = params->e820_table[i].addr;
end = params->e820_table[i].addr + params->e820_table[i].size - 1 ;
if ((start <= 0 x100000) && end > 0 x100000) {
mem_k = (end >> 10 ) - (0 x100000 >> 10 );
params->screen_info.ext_mem_k = mem_k;
params->alt_mem_k = mem_k;
if (mem_k > 0 xfc00)
params->screen_info.ext_mem_k = 0 xfc00; /* 64M*/
if (mem_k > 0 xffffffff)
params->alt_mem_k = 0 xffffffff;
}
}
#ifdef CONFIG_EFI
/* Setup EFI state */
setup_efi_state(params, params_load_addr, efi_map_offset, efi_map_sz,
setup_data_offset);
setup_data_offset += sizeof (struct setup_data) +
sizeof (struct efi_setup_data);
#endif
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_IMA_KEXEC)) {
/* Setup IMA log buffer state */
setup_ima_state(image, params, params_load_addr,
setup_data_offset);
setup_data_offset += sizeof (struct setup_data) +
sizeof (struct ima_setup_data);
}
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KEXEC_HANDOVER)) {
/* Setup space to store preservation metadata */
setup_kho(image, params, params_load_addr, setup_data_offset);
setup_data_offset += sizeof (struct setup_data) +
sizeof (struct kho_data);
}
/* Setup RNG seed */
setup_rng_seed(params, params_load_addr, setup_data_offset);
/* Setup EDD info */
memcpy(params->eddbuf, boot_params.eddbuf,
EDDMAXNR * sizeof (struct edd_info));
params->eddbuf_entries = boot_params.eddbuf_entries;
memcpy(params->edd_mbr_sig_buffer, boot_params.edd_mbr_sig_buffer,
EDD_MBR_SIG_MAX * sizeof (unsigned int ));
return ret;
}
static int bzImage64_probe(const char *buf, unsigned long len)
{
int ret = -ENOEXEC;
struct setup_header *header;
/* kernel should be at least two sectors long */
if (len < 2 * 512 ) {
pr_err("File is too short to be a bzImage\n" );
return ret;
}
header = (struct setup_header *)(buf + offsetof(struct boot_params, hdr));
if (memcmp((char *)&header->header, "HdrS" , 4 ) != 0 ) {
pr_err("Not a bzImage\n" );
return ret;
}
if (header->boot_flag != 0 xAA55) {
pr_err("No x86 boot sector present\n" );
return ret;
}
if (header->version < 0 x020C) {
pr_err("Must be at least protocol version 2.12\n" );
return ret;
}
if (!(header->loadflags & LOADED_HIGH)) {
pr_err("zImage not a bzImage\n" );
return ret;
}
if (!(header->xloadflags & XLF_KERNEL_64)) {
pr_err("Not a bzImage64. XLF_KERNEL_64 is not set.\n" );
return ret;
}
if (!(header->xloadflags & XLF_CAN_BE_LOADED_ABOVE_4G)) {
pr_err("XLF_CAN_BE_LOADED_ABOVE_4G is not set.\n" );
return ret;
}
/*
* Can ' t handle 32 bit EFI as it does not allow loading kernel
* above 4 G . This should be handled by 32 bit bzImage loader
*/
if (efi_enabled(EFI_RUNTIME_SERVICES) && !efi_enabled(EFI_64BIT)) {
pr_debug("EFI is 32 bit. Can't load kernel above 4G.\n" );
return ret;
}
if (!(header->xloadflags & XLF_5LEVEL) && pgtable_l5_enabled()) {
pr_err("bzImage cannot handle 5-level paging mode.\n" );
return ret;
}
/* I've got a bzImage */
pr_debug("It's a relocatable bzImage64\n" );
ret = 0 ;
return ret;
}
static void *bzImage64_load(struct kimage *image, char *kernel,
unsigned long kernel_len, char *initrd,
unsigned long initrd_len, char *cmdline,
unsigned long cmdline_len)
{
struct setup_header *header;
int setup_sects, kern16_size, ret = 0 ;
unsigned long setup_header_size, params_cmdline_sz;
struct boot_params *params;
unsigned long bootparam_load_addr, kernel_load_addr, initrd_load_addr;
struct bzimage64_data *ldata;
struct kexec_entry64_regs regs64;
void *stack;
unsigned int setup_hdr_offset = offsetof(struct boot_params, hdr);
unsigned int efi_map_offset, efi_map_sz, efi_setup_data_offset;
struct kexec_buf kbuf = { .image = image, .buf_max = ULONG_MAX,
.top_down = true };
struct kexec_buf pbuf = { .image = image, .buf_min = MIN_PURGATORY_ADDR,
.buf_max = ULONG_MAX, .top_down = true };
header = (struct setup_header *)(kernel + setup_hdr_offset);
setup_sects = header->setup_sects;
if (setup_sects == 0 )
setup_sects = 4 ;
kern16_size = (setup_sects + 1 ) * 512 ;
if (kernel_len < kern16_size) {
pr_err("bzImage truncated\n" );
return ERR_PTR(-ENOEXEC);
}
if (cmdline_len > header->cmdline_size) {
pr_err("Kernel command line too long\n" );
return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
}
/*
* In case of crash dump , we will append elfcorehdr = < addr > to
* command line . Make sure it does not overflow
*/
if (cmdline_len + MAX_ELFCOREHDR_STR_LEN > header->cmdline_size) {
pr_err("Appending elfcorehdr=<addr> to command line exceeds maximum allowed length\n" );
return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_CRASH_DUMP
/* Allocate and load backup region */
if (image->type == KEXEC_TYPE_CRASH) {
ret = crash_load_segments(image);
if (ret)
return ERR_PTR(ret);
ret = crash_load_dm_crypt_keys(image);
if (ret == -ENOENT) {
kexec_dprintk("No dm crypt key to load\n" );
} else if (ret) {
pr_err("Failed to load dm crypt keys\n" );
return ERR_PTR(ret);
}
if (image->dm_crypt_keys_addr &&
cmdline_len + MAX_ELFCOREHDR_STR_LEN + MAX_DMCRYPTKEYS_STR_LEN >
header->cmdline_size) {
pr_err("Appending dmcryptkeys=<addr> to command line exceeds maximum allowed length\n" );
return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
}
}
#endif
/*
* Load purgatory . For 64 bit entry point , purgatory code can be
* anywhere .
*/
ret = kexec_load_purgatory(image, &pbuf);
if (ret) {
pr_err("Loading purgatory failed\n" );
return ERR_PTR(ret);
}
kexec_dprintk("Loaded purgatory at 0x%lx\n" , pbuf.mem);
/*
* Load Bootparams and cmdline and space for efi stuff .
*
* Allocate memory together for multiple data structures so
* that they all can go in single area / segment and we don ' t
* have to create separate segment for each . Keeps things
* little bit simple
*/
efi_map_sz = efi_get_runtime_map_size();
params_cmdline_sz = sizeof (struct boot_params) + cmdline_len +
MAX_ELFCOREHDR_STR_LEN;
if (image->dm_crypt_keys_addr)
params_cmdline_sz += MAX_DMCRYPTKEYS_STR_LEN;
params_cmdline_sz = ALIGN(params_cmdline_sz, 16 );
kbuf.bufsz = params_cmdline_sz + ALIGN(efi_map_sz, 16 ) +
sizeof (struct setup_data) +
sizeof (struct efi_setup_data) +
sizeof (struct setup_data) +
RNG_SEED_LENGTH;
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_IMA_KEXEC))
kbuf.bufsz += sizeof (struct setup_data) +
sizeof (struct ima_setup_data);
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_KEXEC_HANDOVER))
kbuf.bufsz += sizeof (struct setup_data) +
sizeof (struct kho_data);
params = kzalloc(kbuf.bufsz, GFP_KERNEL);
if (!params)
return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
efi_map_offset = params_cmdline_sz;
efi_setup_data_offset = efi_map_offset + ALIGN(efi_map_sz, 16 );
/* Copy setup header onto bootparams. Documentation/arch/x86/boot.rst */
setup_header_size = 0 x0202 + kernel[0 x0201] - setup_hdr_offset;
/* Is there a limit on setup header size? */
memcpy(¶ms->hdr, (kernel + setup_hdr_offset), setup_header_size);
kbuf.buffer = params;
kbuf.memsz = kbuf.bufsz;
kbuf.buf_align = 16 ;
kbuf.buf_min = MIN_BOOTPARAM_ADDR;
ret = kexec_add_buffer(&kbuf);
if (ret)
goto out_free_params;
bootparam_load_addr = kbuf.mem;
kexec_dprintk("Loaded boot_param, command line and misc at 0x%lx bufsz=0x%lx memsz=0x%lx\n" ,
bootparam_load_addr, kbuf.bufsz, kbuf.memsz);
/* Load kernel */
kbuf.buffer = kernel + kern16_size;
kbuf.bufsz = kernel_len - kern16_size;
kbuf.memsz = PAGE_ALIGN(header->init_size);
kbuf.buf_align = header->kernel_alignment;
if (header->pref_address < MIN_KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR)
kbuf.buf_min = MIN_KERNEL_LOAD_ADDR;
else
kbuf.buf_min = header->pref_address;
kbuf.mem = KEXEC_BUF_MEM_UNKNOWN;
ret = kexec_add_buffer(&kbuf);
if (ret)
goto out_free_params;
kernel_load_addr = kbuf.mem;
kexec_dprintk("Loaded 64bit kernel at 0x%lx bufsz=0x%lx memsz=0x%lx\n" ,
kernel_load_addr, kbuf.bufsz, kbuf.memsz);
/* Load initrd high */
if (initrd) {
kbuf.buffer = initrd;
kbuf.bufsz = kbuf.memsz = initrd_len;
kbuf.buf_align = PAGE_SIZE;
kbuf.buf_min = MIN_INITRD_LOAD_ADDR;
kbuf.mem = KEXEC_BUF_MEM_UNKNOWN;
ret = kexec_add_buffer(&kbuf);
if (ret)
goto out_free_params;
initrd_load_addr = kbuf.mem;
kexec_dprintk("Loaded initrd at 0x%lx bufsz=0x%lx memsz=0x%lx\n" ,
initrd_load_addr, initrd_len, initrd_len);
setup_initrd(params, initrd_load_addr, initrd_len);
}
setup_cmdline(image, params, bootparam_load_addr,
sizeof (struct boot_params), cmdline, cmdline_len);
/* bootloader info. Do we need a separate ID for kexec kernel loader? */
params->hdr.type_of_loader = 0 x0D << 4 ;
params->hdr.loadflags = 0 ;
/* Setup purgatory regs for entry */
ret = kexec_purgatory_get_set_symbol(image, "entry64_regs" , ®s64,
sizeof (regs64), 1 );
if (ret)
goto out_free_params;
regs64.rbx = 0 ; /* Bootstrap Processor */
regs64.rsi = bootparam_load_addr;
regs64.rip = kernel_load_addr + 0 x200;
stack = kexec_purgatory_get_symbol_addr(image, "stack_end" );
if (IS_ERR(stack)) {
pr_err("Could not find address of symbol stack_end\n" );
ret = -EINVAL;
goto out_free_params;
}
regs64.rsp = (unsigned long )stack;
ret = kexec_purgatory_get_set_symbol(image, "entry64_regs" , ®s64,
sizeof (regs64), 0 );
if (ret)
goto out_free_params;
ret = setup_boot_parameters(image, params, bootparam_load_addr,
efi_map_offset, efi_map_sz,
efi_setup_data_offset);
if (ret)
goto out_free_params;
/* Allocate loader specific data */
ldata = kzalloc(sizeof (struct bzimage64_data), GFP_KERNEL);
if (!ldata) {
ret = -ENOMEM;
goto out_free_params;
}
/*
* Store pointer to params so that it could be freed after loading
* params segment has been loaded and contents have been copied
* somewhere else .
*/
ldata->bootparams_buf = params;
return ldata;
out_free_params:
kfree(params);
return ERR_PTR(ret);
}
/* This cleanup function is called after various segments have been loaded */
static int bzImage64_cleanup(void *loader_data)
{
struct bzimage64_data *ldata = loader_data;
if (!ldata)
return 0 ;
kfree(ldata->bootparams_buf);
ldata->bootparams_buf = NULL;
return 0 ;
}
const struct kexec_file_ops kexec_bzImage64_ops = {
.probe = bzImage64_probe,
.load = bzImage64_load,
.cleanup = bzImage64_cleanup,
#ifdef CONFIG_KEXEC_BZIMAGE_VERIFY_SIG
.verify_sig = kexec_kernel_verify_pe_sig,
#endif
};
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