// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
* Low level x86 E820 memory map handling functions .
*
* The firmware and bootloader passes us the " E820 table " , which is the primary
* physical memory layout description available about x86 systems .
*
* The kernel takes the E820 memory layout and optionally modifies it with
* quirks and other tweaks , and feeds that into the generic Linux memory
* allocation code routines via a platform independent interface ( memblock , etc . ) .
*/
#include <linux/crash_dump.h>
#include <linux/memblock.h>
#include <linux/suspend.h>
#include <linux/acpi.h>
#include <linux/firmware-map.h>
#include <linux/sort.h>
#include <linux/memory_hotplug.h>
#include <asm /e820/api.h>
#include <asm /setup.h>
/*
* We organize the E820 table into three main data structures :
*
* - ' e820_table_firmware ' : the original firmware version passed to us by the
* bootloader - not modified by the kernel . It is composed of two parts :
* the first 128 E820 memory entries in boot_params . e820_table and the remaining
* ( if any ) entries of the SETUP_E820_EXT nodes . We use this to :
*
* - the hibernation code uses it to generate a kernel - independent CRC32
* checksum of the physical memory layout of a system .
*
* - ' e820_table_kexec ' : a slightly modified ( by the kernel ) firmware version
* passed to us by the bootloader - the major difference between
* e820_table_firmware [ ] and this one is that e820_table_kexec [ ]
* might be modified by the kexec itself to fake an mptable .
* We use this to :
*
* - kexec , which is a bootloader in disguise , uses the original E820
* layout to pass to the kexec - ed kernel . This way the original kernel
* can have a restricted E820 map while the kexec ( ) - ed kexec - kernel
* can have access to full memory - etc .
*
* Export the memory layout via / sys / firmware / memmap . kexec - tools uses
* the entries to create an E820 table for the kexec kernel .
*
* kexec_file_load in - kernel code uses the table for the kexec kernel .
*
* - ' e820_table ' : this is the main E820 table that is massaged by the
* low level x86 platform code , or modified by boot parameters , before
* passed on to higher level MM layers .
*
* Once the E820 map has been converted to the standard Linux memory layout
* information its role stops - modifying it has no effect and does not get
* re - propagated . So its main role is a temporary bootstrap storage of firmware
* specific memory layout data during early bootup .
*/
static struct e820_table e820_table_init __initdata;
static struct e820_table e820_table_kexec_init __initdata;
static struct e820_table e820_table_firmware_init __initdata;
struct e820_table *e820_table __refdata = &e820_table_init;
struct e820_table *e820_table_kexec __refdata = &e820_table_kexec_init;
struct e820_table *e820_table_firmware __refdata = &e820_table_firmware_init;
/* For PCI or other memory-mapped resources */
unsigned long pci_mem_start = 0 xaeedbabe;
#ifdef CONFIG_PCI
EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_mem_start);
#endif
/*
* This function checks if any part of the range < start , end > is mapped
* with type .
*/
static bool _e820__mapped_any(struct e820_table *table,
u64 start, u64 end, enum e820_type type)
{
int i;
for (i = 0 ; i < table->nr_entries; i++) {
struct e820_entry *entry = &table->entries[i];
if (type && entry->type != type)
continue ;
if (entry->addr >= end || entry->addr + entry->size <= start)
continue ;
return true ;
}
return false ;
}
bool e820__mapped_raw_any(u64 start, u64 end, enum e820_type type)
{
return _e820__mapped_any(e820_table_firmware, start, end, type);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(e820__mapped_raw_any);
bool e820__mapped_any(u64 start, u64 end, enum e820_type type)
{
return _e820__mapped_any(e820_table, start, end, type);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(e820__mapped_any);
/*
* This function checks if the entire < start , end > range is mapped with ' type ' .
*
* Note : this function only works correctly once the E820 table is sorted and
* not - overlapping ( at least for the range specified ) , which is the case normally .
*/
static struct e820_entry *__e820__mapped_all(u64 start, u64 end,
enum e820_type type)
{
int i;
for (i = 0 ; i < e820_table->nr_entries; i++) {
struct e820_entry *entry = &e820_table->entries[i];
if (type && entry->type != type)
continue ;
/* Is the region (part) in overlap with the current region? */
if (entry->addr >= end || entry->addr + entry->size <= start)
continue ;
/*
* If the region is at the beginning of < start , end > we move
* ' start ' to the end of the region since it ' s ok until there
*/
if (entry->addr <= start)
start = entry->addr + entry->size;
/*
* If ' start ' is now at or beyond ' end ' , we ' re done , full
* coverage of the desired range exists :
*/
if (start >= end)
return entry;
}
return NULL;
}
/*
* This function checks if the entire range < start , end > is mapped with type .
*/
bool __init e820__mapped_all(u64 start, u64 end, enum e820_type type)
{
return __e820__mapped_all(start, end, type);
}
/*
* This function returns the type associated with the range < start , end > .
*/
int e820__get_entry_type(u64 start, u64 end)
{
struct e820_entry *entry = __e820__mapped_all(start, end, 0 );
return entry ? entry->type : -EINVAL;
}
/*
* Add a memory region to the kernel E820 map .
*/
static void __init __e820__range_add(struct e820_table *table, u64 start, u64 size, enum e820_type type)
{
int x = table->nr_entries;
if (x >= ARRAY_SIZE(table->entries)) {
pr_err("too many entries; ignoring [mem %#010llx-%#010llx]\n" ,
start, start + size - 1 );
return ;
}
table->entries[x].addr = start;
table->entries[x].size = size;
table->entries[x].type = type;
table->nr_entries++;
}
void __init e820__range_add(u64 start, u64 size, enum e820_type type)
{
__e820__range_add(e820_table, start, size, type);
}
static void __init e820_print_type(enum e820_type type)
{
switch (type) {
case E820_TYPE_RAM: pr_cont("usable" ); break ;
case E820_TYPE_RESERVED: pr_cont("reserved" ); break ;
case E820_TYPE_SOFT_RESERVED: pr_cont("soft reserved" ); break ;
case E820_TYPE_ACPI: pr_cont("ACPI data" ); break ;
case E820_TYPE_NVS: pr_cont("ACPI NVS" ); break ;
case E820_TYPE_UNUSABLE: pr_cont("unusable" ); break ;
case E820_TYPE_PMEM: /* Fall through: */
case E820_TYPE_PRAM: pr_cont("persistent (type %u)" , type); break ;
default : pr_cont("type %u" , type); break ;
}
}
void __init e820__print_table(char *who)
{
int i;
for (i = 0 ; i < e820_table->nr_entries; i++) {
pr_info("%s: [mem %#018Lx-%#018Lx] " ,
who,
e820_table->entries[i].addr,
e820_table->entries[i].addr + e820_table->entries[i].size - 1 );
e820_print_type(e820_table->entries[i].type);
pr_cont("\n" );
}
}
/*
* Sanitize an E820 map .
*
* Some E820 layouts include overlapping entries . The following
* replaces the original E820 map with a new one , removing overlaps ,
* and resolving conflicting memory types in favor of highest
* numbered type .
*
* The input parameter ' entries ' points to an array of ' struct
* e820_entry ' which on entry has elements in the range [ 0 , * nr_entries )
* valid , and which has space for up to max_nr_entries entries .
* On return , the resulting sanitized E820 map entries will be in
* overwritten in the same location , starting at ' entries ' .
*
* The integer pointed to by nr_entries must be valid on entry ( the
* current number of valid entries located at ' entries ' ) . If the
* sanitizing succeeds the * nr_entries will be updated with the new
* number of valid entries ( something no more than max_nr_entries ) .
*
* The return value from e820__update_table ( ) is zero if it
* successfully ' sanitized ' the map entries passed in , and is - 1
* if it did nothing , which can happen if either of ( 1 ) it was
* only passed one map entry , or ( 2 ) any of the input map entries
* were invalid ( start + size < start , meaning that the size was
* so big the described memory range wrapped around through zero . )
*
* Visually we ' re performing the following
* ( 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 = memory types ) . . .
*
* Sample memory map ( w / overlaps ) :
* _ _ _ _ 22 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
* _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 _
* _ _ _ _ 1111 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
* _ 44 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
* 11111111 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
* _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 _ _
* _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
* _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33333 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
* _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 22 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
* _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2222 _
* _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 111111111 _ _ _ _ _ _
* _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 _
* _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 _ _ _ _ _ _
*
* Sanitized equivalent ( no overlap ) :
* 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
* _ 44 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
* _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
* _ _ _ _ 22 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
* _ _ _ _ _ _ 11 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
* _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
* _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
* _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
* _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
* _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
* _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _
* _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 _ _ _ _ _ _
* _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 _ _ _ _
* _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 33 _ _
* _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4 _
*/
struct change_member {
/* Pointer to the original entry: */
struct e820_entry *entry;
/* Address for this change point: */
unsigned long long addr;
};
static struct change_member change_point_list[2 *E820_MAX_ENTRIES] __initdata;
static struct change_member *change_point[2 *E820_MAX_ENTRIES] __initdata;
static struct e820_entry *overlap_list[E820_MAX_ENTRIES] __initdata;
static struct e820_entry new_entries[E820_MAX_ENTRIES] __initdata;
static int __init cpcompare(const void *a, const void *b)
{
struct change_member * const *app = a, * const *bpp = b;
const struct change_member *ap = *app, *bp = *bpp;
/*
* Inputs are pointers to two elements of change_point [ ] . If their
* addresses are not equal , their difference dominates . If the addresses
* are equal , then consider one that represents the end of its region
* to be greater than one that does not .
*/
if (ap->addr != bp->addr)
return ap->addr > bp->addr ? 1 : -1 ;
return (ap->addr != ap->entry->addr) - (bp->addr != bp->entry->addr);
}
static bool e820_nomerge(enum e820_type type)
{
/*
* These types may indicate distinct platform ranges aligned to
* numa node , protection domain , performance domain , or other
* boundaries . Do not merge them .
*/
if (type == E820_TYPE_PRAM)
return true ;
if (type == E820_TYPE_SOFT_RESERVED)
return true ;
return false ;
}
int __init e820__update_table(struct e820_table *table)
{
struct e820_entry *entries = table->entries;
u32 max_nr_entries = ARRAY_SIZE(table->entries);
enum e820_type current_type, last_type;
unsigned long long last_addr;
u32 new_nr_entries, overlap_entries;
u32 i, chg_idx, chg_nr;
/* If there's only one memory region, don't bother: */
if (table->nr_entries < 2 )
return -1 ;
BUG_ON(table->nr_entries > max_nr_entries);
/* Bail out if we find any unreasonable addresses in the map: */
for (i = 0 ; i < table->nr_entries; i++) {
if (entries[i].addr + entries[i].size < entries[i].addr)
return -1 ;
}
/* Create pointers for initial change-point information (for sorting): */
for (i = 0 ; i < 2 * table->nr_entries; i++)
change_point[i] = &change_point_list[i];
/*
* Record all known change - points ( starting and ending addresses ) ,
* omitting empty memory regions :
*/
chg_idx = 0 ;
for (i = 0 ; i < table->nr_entries; i++) {
if (entries[i].size != 0 ) {
change_point[chg_idx]->addr = entries[i].addr;
change_point[chg_idx++]->entry = &entries[i];
change_point[chg_idx]->addr = entries[i].addr + entries[i].size;
change_point[chg_idx++]->entry = &entries[i];
}
}
chg_nr = chg_idx;
/* Sort change-point list by memory addresses (low -> high): */
sort(change_point, chg_nr, sizeof (*change_point), cpcompare, NULL);
/* Create a new memory map, removing overlaps: */
overlap_entries = 0 ; /* Number of entries in the overlap table */
new_nr_entries = 0 ; /* Index for creating new map entries */
last_type = 0 ; /* Start with undefined memory type */
last_addr = 0 ; /* Start with 0 as last starting address */
/* Loop through change-points, determining effect on the new map: */
for (chg_idx = 0 ; chg_idx < chg_nr; chg_idx++) {
/* Keep track of all overlapping entries */
if (change_point[chg_idx]->addr == change_point[chg_idx]->entry->addr) {
/* Add map entry to overlap list (> 1 entry implies an overlap) */
overlap_list[overlap_entries++] = change_point[chg_idx]->entry;
} else {
/* Remove entry from list (order independent, so swap with last): */
for (i = 0 ; i < overlap_entries; i++) {
if (overlap_list[i] == change_point[chg_idx]->entry)
overlap_list[i] = overlap_list[overlap_entries-1 ];
}
overlap_entries--;
}
/*
* If there are overlapping entries , decide which
* " type " to use ( larger value takes precedence - -
* 1 = usable , 2 , 3 , 4 , 4 + = unusable )
*/
current_type = 0 ;
for (i = 0 ; i < overlap_entries; i++) {
if (overlap_list[i]->type > current_type)
current_type = overlap_list[i]->type;
}
/* Continue building up new map based on this information: */
if (current_type != last_type || e820_nomerge(current_type)) {
if (last_type) {
new_entries[new_nr_entries].size = change_point[chg_idx]->addr - last_addr;
/* Move forward only if the new size was non-zero: */
if (new_entries[new_nr_entries].size != 0 )
/* No more space left for new entries? */
if (++new_nr_entries >= max_nr_entries)
break ;
}
if (current_type) {
new_entries[new_nr_entries].addr = change_point[chg_idx]->addr;
new_entries[new_nr_entries].type = current_type;
last_addr = change_point[chg_idx]->addr;
}
last_type = current_type;
}
}
/* Copy the new entries into the original location: */
memcpy(entries, new_entries, new_nr_entries*sizeof (*entries));
table->nr_entries = new_nr_entries;
return 0 ;
}
static int __init __append_e820_table(struct boot_e820_entry *entries, u32 nr_entries)
{
struct boot_e820_entry *entry = entries;
while (nr_entries) {
u64 start = entry->addr;
u64 size = entry->size;
u64 end = start + size - 1 ;
u32 type = entry->type;
/* Ignore the entry on 64-bit overflow: */
if (start > end && likely(size))
return -1 ;
e820__range_add(start, size, type);
entry++;
nr_entries--;
}
return 0 ;
}
/*
* Copy the BIOS E820 map into a safe place .
*
* Sanity - check it while we ' re at it . .
*
* If we ' re lucky and live on a modern system , the setup code
* will have given us a memory map that we can use to properly
* set up memory . If we aren ' t , we ' ll fake a memory map .
*/
static int __init append_e820_table(struct boot_e820_entry *entries, u32 nr_entries)
{
/* Only one memory region (or negative)? Ignore it */
if (nr_entries < 2 )
return -1 ;
return __append_e820_table(entries, nr_entries);
}
static u64 __init
__e820__range_update(struct e820_table *table, u64 start, u64 size, enum e820_type old_type, enum e820_type new_type)
{
u64 end;
unsigned int i;
u64 real_updated_size = 0 ;
BUG_ON(old_type == new_type);
if (size > (ULLONG_MAX - start))
size = ULLONG_MAX - start;
end = start + size;
printk(KERN_DEBUG "e820: update [mem %#010Lx-%#010Lx] " , start, end - 1 );
e820_print_type(old_type);
pr_cont(" ==> " );
e820_print_type(new_type);
pr_cont("\n" );
for (i = 0 ; i < table->nr_entries; i++) {
struct e820_entry *entry = &table->entries[i];
u64 final_start, final_end;
u64 entry_end;
if (entry->type != old_type)
continue ;
entry_end = entry->addr + entry->size;
/* Completely covered by new range? */
if (entry->addr >= start && entry_end <= end) {
entry->type = new_type;
real_updated_size += entry->size;
continue ;
}
/* New range is completely covered? */
if (entry->addr < start && entry_end > end) {
__e820__range_add(table, start, size, new_type);
__e820__range_add(table, end, entry_end - end, entry->type);
entry->size = start - entry->addr;
real_updated_size += size;
continue ;
}
/* Partially covered: */
final_start = max(start, entry->addr);
final_end = min(end, entry_end);
if (final_start >= final_end)
continue ;
__e820__range_add(table, final_start, final_end - final_start, new_type);
real_updated_size += final_end - final_start;
/*
* Left range could be head or tail , so need to update
* its size first :
*/
entry->size -= final_end - final_start;
if (entry->addr < final_start)
continue ;
entry->addr = final_end;
}
return real_updated_size;
}
u64 __init e820__range_update(u64 start, u64 size, enum e820_type old_type, enum e820_type new_type)
{
return __e820__range_update(e820_table, start, size, old_type, new_type);
}
u64 __init e820__range_update_table(struct e820_table *t, u64 start, u64 size,
enum e820_type old_type, enum e820_type new_type)
{
return __e820__range_update(t, start, size, old_type, new_type);
}
/* Remove a range of memory from the E820 table: */
u64 __init e820__range_remove(u64 start, u64 size, enum e820_type old_type, bool check_type)
{
int i;
u64 end;
u64 real_removed_size = 0 ;
if (size > (ULLONG_MAX - start))
size = ULLONG_MAX - start;
end = start + size;
printk(KERN_DEBUG "e820: remove [mem %#010Lx-%#010Lx] " , start, end - 1 );
if (check_type)
e820_print_type(old_type);
pr_cont("\n" );
for (i = 0 ; i < e820_table->nr_entries; i++) {
struct e820_entry *entry = &e820_table->entries[i];
u64 final_start, final_end;
u64 entry_end;
if (check_type && entry->type != old_type)
continue ;
entry_end = entry->addr + entry->size;
/* Completely covered? */
if (entry->addr >= start && entry_end <= end) {
real_removed_size += entry->size;
memset(entry, 0 , sizeof (*entry));
continue ;
}
/* Is the new range completely covered? */
if (entry->addr < start && entry_end > end) {
e820__range_add(end, entry_end - end, entry->type);
entry->size = start - entry->addr;
real_removed_size += size;
continue ;
}
/* Partially covered: */
final_start = max(start, entry->addr);
final_end = min(end, entry_end);
if (final_start >= final_end)
continue ;
real_removed_size += final_end - final_start;
/*
* Left range could be head or tail , so need to update
* the size first :
*/
entry->size -= final_end - final_start;
if (entry->addr < final_start)
continue ;
entry->addr = final_end;
}
return real_removed_size;
}
void __init e820__update_table_print(void )
{
if (e820__update_table(e820_table))
return ;
pr_info("modified physical RAM map:\n" );
e820__print_table("modified" );
}
static void __init e820__update_table_kexec(void )
{
e820__update_table(e820_table_kexec);
}
#define MAX_GAP_END 0 x100000000ull
/*
* Search for a gap in the E820 memory space from 0 to MAX_GAP_END ( 4 GB ) .
*/
static int __init e820_search_gap(unsigned long *gapstart, unsigned long *gapsize)
{
unsigned long long last = MAX_GAP_END;
int i = e820_table->nr_entries;
int found = 0 ;
while (--i >= 0 ) {
unsigned long long start = e820_table->entries[i].addr;
unsigned long long end = start + e820_table->entries[i].size;
/*
* Since " last " is at most 4 GB , we know we ' ll
* fit in 32 bits if this condition is true :
*/
if (last > end) {
unsigned long gap = last - end;
if (gap >= *gapsize) {
*gapsize = gap;
*gapstart = end;
found = 1 ;
}
}
if (start < last)
last = start;
}
return found;
}
/*
* Search for the biggest gap in the low 32 bits of the E820
* memory space . We pass this space to the PCI subsystem , so
* that it can assign MMIO resources for hotplug or
* unconfigured devices in .
*
* Hopefully the BIOS let enough space left .
*/
__init void e820__setup_pci_gap(void )
{
unsigned long gapstart, gapsize;
int found;
gapsize = 0 x400000;
found = e820_search_gap(&gapstart, &gapsize);
if (!found) {
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
gapstart = (max_pfn << PAGE_SHIFT) + 1024 *1024 ;
pr_err("Cannot find an available gap in the 32-bit address range\n" );
pr_err("PCI devices with unassigned 32-bit BARs may not work!\n" );
#else
gapstart = 0 x10000000;
#endif
}
/*
* e820__reserve_resources_late ( ) protects stolen RAM already :
*/
pci_mem_start = gapstart;
pr_info("[mem %#010lx-%#010lx] available for PCI devices\n" ,
gapstart, gapstart + gapsize - 1 );
}
/*
* Called late during init , in free_initmem ( ) .
*
* Initial e820_table and e820_table_kexec are largish _ _ initdata arrays .
*
* Copy them to a ( usually much smaller ) dynamically allocated area that is
* sized precisely after the number of e820 entries .
*
* This is done after we ' ve performed all the fixes and tweaks to the tables .
* All functions which modify them are _ _ init functions , which won ' t exist
* after free_initmem ( ) .
*/
__init void e820__reallocate_tables(void )
{
struct e820_table *n;
int size;
size = offsetof(struct e820_table, entries) + sizeof (struct e820_entry)*e820_table->nr_entries;
n = kmemdup(e820_table, size, GFP_KERNEL);
BUG_ON(!n);
e820_table = n;
size = offsetof(struct e820_table, entries) + sizeof (struct e820_entry)*e820_table_kexec->nr_entries;
n = kmemdup(e820_table_kexec, size, GFP_KERNEL);
BUG_ON(!n);
e820_table_kexec = n;
size = offsetof(struct e820_table, entries) + sizeof (struct e820_entry)*e820_table_firmware->nr_entries;
n = kmemdup(e820_table_firmware, size, GFP_KERNEL);
BUG_ON(!n);
e820_table_firmware = n;
}
/*
* Because of the small fixed size of struct boot_params , only the first
* 128 E820 memory entries are passed to the kernel via boot_params . e820_table ,
* the remaining ( if any ) entries are passed via the SETUP_E820_EXT node of
* struct setup_data , which is parsed here .
*/
void __init e820__memory_setup_extended(u64 phys_addr, u32 data_len)
{
int entries;
struct boot_e820_entry *extmap;
struct setup_data *sdata;
sdata = early_memremap(phys_addr, data_len);
entries = sdata->len / sizeof (*extmap);
extmap = (struct boot_e820_entry *)(sdata->data);
__append_e820_table(extmap, entries);
e820__update_table(e820_table);
memcpy(e820_table_kexec, e820_table, sizeof (*e820_table_kexec));
memcpy(e820_table_firmware, e820_table, sizeof (*e820_table_firmware));
early_memunmap(sdata, data_len);
pr_info("extended physical RAM map:\n" );
e820__print_table("extended" );
}
/*
* Find the ranges of physical addresses that do not correspond to
* E820 RAM areas and register the corresponding pages as ' nosave ' for
* hibernation ( 32 - bit ) or software suspend and suspend to RAM ( 64 - bit ) .
*
* This function requires the E820 map to be sorted and without any
* overlapping entries .
*/
void __init e820__register_nosave_regions(unsigned long limit_pfn)
{
int i;
u64 last_addr = 0 ;
for (i = 0 ; i < e820_table->nr_entries; i++) {
struct e820_entry *entry = &e820_table->entries[i];
if (entry->type != E820_TYPE_RAM)
continue ;
if (last_addr < entry->addr)
register_nosave_region(PFN_DOWN(last_addr), PFN_UP(entry->addr));
last_addr = entry->addr + entry->size;
}
register_nosave_region(PFN_DOWN(last_addr), limit_pfn);
}
#ifdef CONFIG_ACPI
/*
* Register ACPI NVS memory regions , so that we can save / restore them during
* hibernation and the subsequent resume :
*/
static int __init e820__register_nvs_regions(void )
{
int i;
for (i = 0 ; i < e820_table->nr_entries; i++) {
struct e820_entry *entry = &e820_table->entries[i];
if (entry->type == E820_TYPE_NVS)
acpi_nvs_register(entry->addr, entry->size);
}
return 0 ;
}
core_initcall(e820__register_nvs_regions);
#endif
/*
* Allocate the requested number of bytes with the requested alignment
* and return ( the physical address ) to the caller . Also register this
* range in the ' kexec ' E820 table as a reserved range .
*
* This allows kexec to fake a new mptable , as if it came from the real
* system .
*/
u64 __init e820__memblock_alloc_reserved(u64 size, u64 align)
{
u64 addr;
addr = memblock_phys_alloc(size, align);
if (addr) {
e820__range_update_table(e820_table_kexec, addr, size, E820_TYPE_RAM, E820_TYPE_RESERVED);
pr_info("update e820_table_kexec for e820__memblock_alloc_reserved()\n" );
e820__update_table_kexec();
}
return addr;
}
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
# ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
# define MAX_ARCH_PFN (1 ULL<<(36 -PAGE_SHIFT))
# else
# define MAX_ARCH_PFN (1 ULL<<(32 -PAGE_SHIFT))
# endif
#else /* CONFIG_X86_32 */
# define MAX_ARCH_PFN MAXMEM>>PAGE_SHIFT
#endif
/*
* Find the highest page frame number we have available
*/
static unsigned long __init e820__end_ram_pfn(unsigned long limit_pfn)
{
int i;
unsigned long last_pfn = 0 ;
unsigned long max_arch_pfn = MAX_ARCH_PFN;
for (i = 0 ; i < e820_table->nr_entries; i++) {
struct e820_entry *entry = &e820_table->entries[i];
unsigned long start_pfn;
unsigned long end_pfn;
if (entry->type != E820_TYPE_RAM &&
entry->type != E820_TYPE_ACPI)
continue ;
start_pfn = entry->addr >> PAGE_SHIFT;
end_pfn = (entry->addr + entry->size) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
if (start_pfn >= limit_pfn)
continue ;
if (end_pfn > limit_pfn) {
last_pfn = limit_pfn;
break ;
}
if (end_pfn > last_pfn)
last_pfn = end_pfn;
}
if (last_pfn > max_arch_pfn)
last_pfn = max_arch_pfn;
pr_info("last_pfn = %#lx max_arch_pfn = %#lx\n" ,
last_pfn, max_arch_pfn);
return last_pfn;
}
unsigned long __init e820__end_of_ram_pfn(void )
{
return e820__end_ram_pfn(MAX_ARCH_PFN);
}
unsigned long __init e820__end_of_low_ram_pfn(void )
{
return e820__end_ram_pfn(1 UL << (32 - PAGE_SHIFT));
}
static void __init early_panic(char *msg)
{
early_printk(msg);
panic(msg);
}
static int userdef __initdata;
/* The "mem=nopentium" boot option disables 4MB page tables on 32-bit kernels: */
static int __init parse_memopt(char *p)
{
u64 mem_size;
if (!p)
return -EINVAL;
if (!strcmp(p, "nopentium" )) {
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
setup_clear_cpu_cap(X86_FEATURE_PSE);
return 0 ;
#else
pr_warn("mem=nopentium ignored! (only supported on x86_32)\n" );
return -EINVAL;
#endif
}
userdef = 1 ;
mem_size = memparse(p, &p);
/* Don't remove all memory when getting "mem={invalid}" parameter: */
if (mem_size == 0 )
return -EINVAL;
e820__range_remove(mem_size, ULLONG_MAX - mem_size, E820_TYPE_RAM, 1 );
#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
max_mem_size = mem_size;
#endif
return 0 ;
}
early_param("mem" , parse_memopt);
static int __init parse_memmap_one(char *p)
{
char *oldp;
u64 start_at, mem_size;
if (!p)
return -EINVAL;
if (!strncmp(p, "exactmap" , 8 )) {
e820_table->nr_entries = 0 ;
userdef = 1 ;
return 0 ;
}
oldp = p;
mem_size = memparse(p, &p);
if (p == oldp)
return -EINVAL;
userdef = 1 ;
if (*p == '@' ) {
start_at = memparse(p+1 , &p);
e820__range_add(start_at, mem_size, E820_TYPE_RAM);
} else if (*p == '#' ) {
start_at = memparse(p+1 , &p);
e820__range_add(start_at, mem_size, E820_TYPE_ACPI);
} else if (*p == '$' ) {
start_at = memparse(p+1 , &p);
e820__range_add(start_at, mem_size, E820_TYPE_RESERVED);
} else if (*p == '!' ) {
start_at = memparse(p+1 , &p);
e820__range_add(start_at, mem_size, E820_TYPE_PRAM);
} else if (*p == '%' ) {
enum e820_type from = 0 , to = 0 ;
start_at = memparse(p + 1 , &p);
if (*p == '-' )
from = simple_strtoull(p + 1 , &p, 0 );
if (*p == '+' )
to = simple_strtoull(p + 1 , &p, 0 );
if (*p != '\0' )
return -EINVAL;
if (from && to)
e820__range_update(start_at, mem_size, from, to);
else if (to)
e820__range_add(start_at, mem_size, to);
else if (from)
e820__range_remove(start_at, mem_size, from, 1 );
else
e820__range_remove(start_at, mem_size, 0 , 0 );
} else {
e820__range_remove(mem_size, ULLONG_MAX - mem_size, E820_TYPE_RAM, 1 );
}
return *p == '\0' ? 0 : -EINVAL;
}
static int __init parse_memmap_opt(char *str)
{
while (str) {
char *k = strchr(str, ',' );
if (k)
*k++ = 0 ;
parse_memmap_one(str);
str = k;
}
return 0 ;
}
early_param("memmap" , parse_memmap_opt);
/*
* Called after parse_early_param ( ) , after early parameters ( such as mem = )
* have been processed , in which case we already have an E820 table filled in
* via the parameter callback function ( s ) , but it ' s not sorted and printed yet :
*/
void __init e820__finish_early_params(void )
{
if (userdef) {
if (e820__update_table(e820_table) < 0 )
early_panic("Invalid user supplied memory map" );
pr_info("user-defined physical RAM map:\n" );
e820__print_table("user" );
}
}
static const char *__init e820_type_to_string(struct e820_entry *entry)
{
switch (entry->type) {
case E820_TYPE_RAM: return "System RAM" ;
case E820_TYPE_ACPI: return "ACPI Tables" ;
case E820_TYPE_NVS: return "ACPI Non-volatile Storage" ;
case E820_TYPE_UNUSABLE: return "Unusable memory" ;
case E820_TYPE_PRAM: return "Persistent Memory (legacy)" ;
case E820_TYPE_PMEM: return "Persistent Memory" ;
case E820_TYPE_RESERVED: return "Reserved" ;
case E820_TYPE_SOFT_RESERVED: return "Soft Reserved" ;
default : return "Unknown E820 type" ;
}
}
static unsigned long __init e820_type_to_iomem_type(struct e820_entry *entry)
{
switch (entry->type) {
case E820_TYPE_RAM: return IORESOURCE_SYSTEM_RAM;
case E820_TYPE_ACPI: /* Fall-through: */
case E820_TYPE_NVS: /* Fall-through: */
case E820_TYPE_UNUSABLE: /* Fall-through: */
case E820_TYPE_PRAM: /* Fall-through: */
case E820_TYPE_PMEM: /* Fall-through: */
case E820_TYPE_RESERVED: /* Fall-through: */
case E820_TYPE_SOFT_RESERVED: /* Fall-through: */
default : return IORESOURCE_MEM;
}
}
static unsigned long __init e820_type_to_iores_desc(struct e820_entry *entry)
{
switch (entry->type) {
case E820_TYPE_ACPI: return IORES_DESC_ACPI_TABLES;
case E820_TYPE_NVS: return IORES_DESC_ACPI_NV_STORAGE;
case E820_TYPE_PMEM: return IORES_DESC_PERSISTENT_MEMORY;
case E820_TYPE_PRAM: return IORES_DESC_PERSISTENT_MEMORY_LEGACY;
case E820_TYPE_RESERVED: return IORES_DESC_RESERVED;
case E820_TYPE_SOFT_RESERVED: return IORES_DESC_SOFT_RESERVED;
case E820_TYPE_RAM: /* Fall-through: */
case E820_TYPE_UNUSABLE: /* Fall-through: */
default : return IORES_DESC_NONE;
}
}
static bool __init do_mark_busy(enum e820_type type, struct resource *res)
{
/* this is the legacy bios/dos rom-shadow + mmio region */
if (res->start < (1 ULL<<20 ))
return true ;
/*
* Treat persistent memory and other special memory ranges like
* device memory , i . e . reserve it for exclusive use of a driver
*/
switch (type) {
case E820_TYPE_RESERVED:
case E820_TYPE_SOFT_RESERVED:
case E820_TYPE_PRAM:
case E820_TYPE_PMEM:
return false ;
case E820_TYPE_RAM:
case E820_TYPE_ACPI:
case E820_TYPE_NVS:
case E820_TYPE_UNUSABLE:
default :
return true ;
}
}
/*
* Mark E820 reserved areas as busy for the resource manager :
*/
static struct resource __initdata *e820_res;
void __init e820__reserve_resources(void )
{
int i;
struct resource *res;
u64 end;
res = memblock_alloc_or_panic(sizeof (*res) * e820_table->nr_entries,
SMP_CACHE_BYTES);
e820_res = res;
for (i = 0 ; i < e820_table->nr_entries; i++) {
struct e820_entry *entry = e820_table->entries + i;
end = entry->addr + entry->size - 1 ;
if (end != (resource_size_t)end) {
res++;
continue ;
}
res->start = entry->addr;
res->end = end;
res->name = e820_type_to_string(entry);
res->flags = e820_type_to_iomem_type(entry);
res->desc = e820_type_to_iores_desc(entry);
/*
* Don ' t register the region that could be conflicted with
* PCI device BAR resources and insert them later in
* pcibios_resource_survey ( ) :
*/
if (do_mark_busy(entry->type, res)) {
res->flags |= IORESOURCE_BUSY;
insert_resource(&iomem_resource, res);
}
res++;
}
/* Expose the kexec e820 table to the sysfs. */
for (i = 0 ; i < e820_table_kexec->nr_entries; i++) {
struct e820_entry *entry = e820_table_kexec->entries + i;
firmware_map_add_early(entry->addr, entry->addr + entry->size, e820_type_to_string(entry));
}
}
/*
* How much should we pad the end of RAM , depending on where it is ?
*/
static unsigned long __init ram_alignment(resource_size_t pos)
{
unsigned long mb = pos >> 20 ;
/* To 64kB in the first megabyte */
if (!mb)
return 64 *1024 ;
/* To 1MB in the first 16MB */
if (mb < 16 )
return 1024 *1024 ;
/* To 64MB for anything above that */
return 64 *1024 *1024 ;
}
#define MAX_RESOURCE_SIZE ((resource_size_t)-1 )
void __init e820__reserve_resources_late(void )
{
int i;
struct resource *res;
res = e820_res;
for (i = 0 ; i < e820_table->nr_entries; i++) {
if (!res->parent && res->end)
insert_resource_expand_to_fit(&iomem_resource, res);
res++;
}
/*
* Try to bump up RAM regions to reasonable boundaries , to
* avoid stolen RAM :
*/
for (i = 0 ; i < e820_table->nr_entries; i++) {
struct e820_entry *entry = &e820_table->entries[i];
u64 start, end;
if (entry->type != E820_TYPE_RAM)
continue ;
start = entry->addr + entry->size;
end = round_up(start, ram_alignment(start)) - 1 ;
if (end > MAX_RESOURCE_SIZE)
end = MAX_RESOURCE_SIZE;
if (start >= end)
continue ;
printk(KERN_DEBUG "e820: reserve RAM buffer [mem %#010llx-%#010llx]\n" , start, end);
reserve_region_with_split(&iomem_resource, start, end, "RAM buffer" );
}
}
/*
* Pass the firmware ( bootloader ) E820 map to the kernel and process it :
*/
char *__init e820__memory_setup_default(void )
{
char *who = "BIOS-e820" ;
/*
* Try to copy the BIOS - supplied E820 - map .
*
* Otherwise fake a memory map ; one section from 0 k - > 640 k ,
* the next section from 1 mb - > appropriate_mem_k
*/
if (append_e820_table(boot_params.e820_table, boot_params.e820_entries) < 0 ) {
u64 mem_size;
/* Compare results from other methods and take the one that gives more RAM: */
if (boot_params.alt_mem_k < boot_params.screen_info.ext_mem_k) {
mem_size = boot_params.screen_info.ext_mem_k;
who = "BIOS-88" ;
} else {
mem_size = boot_params.alt_mem_k;
who = "BIOS-e801" ;
}
e820_table->nr_entries = 0 ;
e820__range_add(0 , LOWMEMSIZE(), E820_TYPE_RAM);
e820__range_add(HIGH_MEMORY, mem_size << 10 , E820_TYPE_RAM);
}
/* We just appended a lot of ranges, sanitize the table: */
e820__update_table(e820_table);
return who;
}
/*
* Calls e820__memory_setup_default ( ) in essence to pick up the firmware / bootloader
* E820 map - with an optional platform quirk available for virtual platforms
* to override this method of boot environment processing :
*/
void __init e820__memory_setup(void )
{
char *who;
/* This is a firmware interface ABI - make sure we don't break it: */
BUILD_BUG_ON(sizeof (struct boot_e820_entry) != 20 );
who = x86_init.resources.memory_setup();
memcpy(e820_table_kexec, e820_table, sizeof (*e820_table_kexec));
memcpy(e820_table_firmware, e820_table, sizeof (*e820_table_firmware));
pr_info("BIOS-provided physical RAM map:\n" );
e820__print_table(who);
}
void __init e820__memblock_setup(void )
{
int i;
u64 end;
#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG
/*
* Memory used by the kernel cannot be hot - removed because Linux
* cannot migrate the kernel pages . When memory hotplug is
* enabled , we should prevent memblock from allocating memory
* for the kernel .
*
* ACPI SRAT records all hotpluggable memory ranges . But before
* SRAT is parsed , we don ' t know about it .
*
* The kernel image is loaded into memory at very early time . We
* cannot prevent this anyway . So on NUMA system , we set any
* node the kernel resides in as un - hotpluggable .
*
* Since on modern servers , one node could have double - digit
* gigabytes memory , we can assume the memory around the kernel
* image is also un - hotpluggable . So before SRAT is parsed , just
* allocate memory near the kernel image to try the best to keep
* the kernel away from hotpluggable memory .
*/
if (movable_node_is_enabled())
memblock_set_bottom_up(true );
#endif
/*
* At this point only the first megabyte is mapped for sure , the
* rest of the memory cannot be used for memblock resizing
*/
memblock_set_current_limit(ISA_END_ADDRESS);
/*
* The bootstrap memblock region count maximum is 128 entries
* ( INIT_MEMBLOCK_REGIONS ) , but EFI might pass us more E820 entries
* than that - so allow memblock resizing .
*
* This is safe , because this call happens pretty late during x86 setup ,
* so we know about reserved memory regions already . ( This is important
* so that memblock resizing does no stomp over reserved areas . )
*/
memblock_allow_resize();
for (i = 0 ; i < e820_table->nr_entries; i++) {
struct e820_entry *entry = &e820_table->entries[i];
end = entry->addr + entry->size;
if (end != (resource_size_t)end)
continue ;
if (entry->type == E820_TYPE_SOFT_RESERVED)
memblock_reserve(entry->addr, entry->size);
if (entry->type != E820_TYPE_RAM)
continue ;
memblock_add(entry->addr, entry->size);
}
/*
* At this point memblock is only allowed to allocate from memory
* below 1 M ( aka ISA_END_ADDRESS ) up until direct map is completely set
* up in init_mem_mapping ( ) .
*
* KHO kernels are special and use only scratch memory for memblock
* allocations , but memory below 1 M is ignored by kernel after early
* boot and cannot be naturally marked as scratch .
*
* To allow allocation of the real - mode trampoline and a few ( if any )
* other very early allocations from below 1 M forcibly mark the memory
* below 1 M as scratch .
*
* After real mode trampoline is allocated , we clear that scratch
* marking .
*/
memblock_mark_kho_scratch(0 , SZ_1M);
/*
* 32 - bit systems are limited to 4 BG of memory even with HIGHMEM and
* to even less without it .
* Discard memory after max_pfn - the actual limit detected at runtime .
*/
if (IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_32))
memblock_remove(PFN_PHYS(max_pfn), -1 );
/* Throw away partial pages: */
memblock_trim_memory(PAGE_SIZE);
memblock_dump_all();
}
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