/* SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 */
#ifndef _ASM_X86_NOSPEC_BRANCH_H_
#define _ASM_X86_NOSPEC_BRANCH_H_
#include <linux/static_key.h>
#include <linux/objtool.h>
#include <linux/linkage.h>
#include <asm /alternative.h>
#include <asm /cpufeatures.h>
#include <asm /msr-index.h>
#include <asm /unwind_hints.h>
#include <asm /percpu.h>
/*
* Call depth tracking for Intel SKL CPUs to address the RSB underflow
* issue in software .
*
* The tracking does not use a counter . It uses uses arithmetic shift
* right on call entry and logical shift left on return .
*
* The depth tracking variable is initialized to 0 x8000 . . . . when the call
* depth is zero . The arithmetic shift right sign extends the MSB and
* saturates after the 12 th call . The shift count is 5 for both directions
* so the tracking covers 12 nested calls .
*
* Call
* 0 : 0 x8000000000000000 0 x0000000000000000
* 1 : 0 xfc00000000000000 0 xf000000000000000
* . . .
* 11 : 0 xfffffffffffffff8 0 xfffffffffffffc00
* 12 : 0 xffffffffffffffff 0 xffffffffffffffe0
*
* After a return buffer fill the depth is credited 12 calls before the
* next stuffing has to take place .
*
* There is a inaccuracy for situations like this :
*
* 10 calls
* 5 returns
* 3 calls
* 4 returns
* 3 calls
* . . . .
*
* The shift count might cause this to be off by one in either direction ,
* but there is still a cushion vs . the RSB depth . The algorithm does not
* claim to be perfect and it can be speculated around by the CPU , but it
* is considered that it obfuscates the problem enough to make exploitation
* extremely difficult .
*/
#define RET_DEPTH_SHIFT 5
#define RSB_RET_STUFF_LOOPS 16
#define RET_DEPTH_INIT 0 x8000000000000000ULL
#define RET_DEPTH_INIT_FROM_CALL 0 xfc00000000000000ULL
#define RET_DEPTH_CREDIT 0 xffffffffffffffffULL
#ifdef CONFIG_CALL_THUNKS_DEBUG
# define CALL_THUNKS_DEBUG_INC_CALLS \
incq PER_CPU_VAR(__x86_call_count);
# define CALL_THUNKS_DEBUG_INC_RETS \
incq PER_CPU_VAR(__x86_ret_count);
# define CALL_THUNKS_DEBUG_INC_STUFFS \
incq PER_CPU_VAR(__x86_stuffs_count);
# define CALL_THUNKS_DEBUG_INC_CTXSW \
incq PER_CPU_VAR(__x86_ctxsw_count);
#else
# define CALL_THUNKS_DEBUG_INC_CALLS
# define CALL_THUNKS_DEBUG_INC_RETS
# define CALL_THUNKS_DEBUG_INC_STUFFS
# define CALL_THUNKS_DEBUG_INC_CTXSW
#endif
#if defined (CONFIG_MITIGATION_CALL_DEPTH_TRACKING) && !defined (COMPILE_OFFSETS)
#include <asm /asm -offsets.h>
#define CREDIT_CALL_DEPTH \
movq $-1 , PER_CPU_VAR(__x86_call_depth);
#define RESET_CALL_DEPTH \
xor %eax, %eax; \
bts $63 , %rax; \
movq %rax, PER_CPU_VAR(__x86_call_depth);
#define RESET_CALL_DEPTH_FROM_CALL \
movb $0 xfc, %al; \
shl $56 , %rax; \
movq %rax, PER_CPU_VAR(__x86_call_depth); \
CALL_THUNKS_DEBUG_INC_CALLS
#define INCREMENT_CALL_DEPTH \
sarq $5 , PER_CPU_VAR(__x86_call_depth); \
CALL_THUNKS_DEBUG_INC_CALLS
#else
#define CREDIT_CALL_DEPTH
#define RESET_CALL_DEPTH
#define RESET_CALL_DEPTH_FROM_CALL
#define INCREMENT_CALL_DEPTH
#endif
/*
* Fill the CPU return stack buffer .
*
* Each entry in the RSB , if used for a speculative ' ret ' , contains an
* infinite ' pause ; lfence ; jmp ' loop to capture speculative execution .
*
* This is required in various cases for retpoline and IBRS - based
* mitigations for the Spectre variant 2 vulnerability . Sometimes to
* eliminate potentially bogus entries from the RSB , and sometimes
* purely to ensure that it doesn ' t get empty , which on some CPUs would
* allow predictions from other ( unwanted ! ) sources to be used .
*
* We define a CPP macro such that it can be used from both . S files and
* inline assembly . It ' s possible to do a . macro and then include that
* from C via asm ( " . include < asm / nospec - branch . h > " ) but let ' s not go there .
*/
#define RETPOLINE_THUNK_SIZE 32
#define RSB_CLEAR_LOOPS 32 /* To forcibly overwrite all entries */
/*
* Common helper for _ _ FILL_RETURN_BUFFER and _ _ FILL_ONE_RETURN .
*/
#define __FILL_RETURN_SLOT \
ANNOTATE_INTRA_FUNCTION_CALL; \
call 772 f; \
int3; \
772 :
/*
* Stuff the entire RSB .
*
* Google experimented with loop - unrolling and this turned out to be
* the optimal version - two calls , each with their own speculation
* trap should their return address end up getting used , in a loop .
*/
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
#define __FILL_RETURN_BUFFER(reg, nr) \
mov $(nr/2 ), reg; \
771 : \
__FILL_RETURN_SLOT \
__FILL_RETURN_SLOT \
add $(BITS_PER_LONG/8 ) * 2 , %_ASM_SP; \
dec reg; \
jnz 771 b; \
/* barrier for jnz misprediction */ \
lfence; \
CREDIT_CALL_DEPTH \
CALL_THUNKS_DEBUG_INC_CTXSW
#else
/*
* i386 doesn ' t unconditionally have LFENCE , as such it can ' t
* do a loop .
*/
#define __FILL_RETURN_BUFFER(reg, nr) \
.rept nr; \
__FILL_RETURN_SLOT; \
.endr; \
add $(BITS_PER_LONG/8 ) * nr, %_ASM_SP;
#endif
/*
* Stuff a single RSB slot .
*
* To mitigate Post - Barrier RSB speculation , one CALL instruction must be
* forced to retire before letting a RET instruction execute .
*
* On PBRSB - vulnerable CPUs , it is not safe for a RET to be executed
* before this point .
*/
#define __FILL_ONE_RETURN \
__FILL_RETURN_SLOT \
add $(BITS_PER_LONG/8 ), %_ASM_SP; \
lfence;
#ifdef __ASSEMBLER__
/*
* ( ab ) use RETPOLINE_SAFE on RET to annotate away ' bare ' RET instructions
* vs RETBleed validation .
*/
#define ANNOTATE_UNRET_SAFE ANNOTATE_RETPOLINE_SAFE
/*
* Abuse ANNOTATE_RETPOLINE_SAFE on a NOP to indicate UNRET_END , should
* eventually turn into its own annotation .
*/
.macro VALIDATE_UNRET_END
#if defined (CONFIG_NOINSTR_VALIDATION) && \
(defined (CONFIG_MITIGATION_UNRET_ENTRY) || defined (CONFIG_MITIGATION_SRSO))
ANNOTATE_RETPOLINE_SAFE
nop
#endif
.endm
/*
* Emits a conditional CS prefix that is compatible with
* - mindirect - branch - cs - prefix .
*/
.macro __CS_PREFIX reg:req
.irp rs,r8,r9,r10,r11,r12,r13,r14,r15
.ifc \reg,\rs
.byte 0 x2e
.endif
.endr
.endm
/*
* JMP_NOSPEC and CALL_NOSPEC macros can be used instead of a simple
* indirect jmp / call which may be susceptible to the Spectre variant 2
* attack .
*
* NOTE : these do not take kCFI into account and are thus not comparable to C
* indirect calls , take care when using . The target of these should be an ENDBR
* instruction irrespective of kCFI .
*/
.macro JMP_NOSPEC reg:req
#ifdef CONFIG_MITIGATION_RETPOLINE
__CS_PREFIX \reg
jmp __x86_indirect_thunk_\reg
#else
jmp *%\reg
int3
#endif
.endm
.macro CALL_NOSPEC reg:req
#ifdef CONFIG_MITIGATION_RETPOLINE
__CS_PREFIX \reg
call __x86_indirect_thunk_\reg
#else
call *%\reg
#endif
.endm
/*
* A simpler FILL_RETURN_BUFFER macro . Don ' t make people use the CPP
* monstrosity above , manually .
*/
.macro FILL_RETURN_BUFFER reg:req nr:req ftr:req ftr2=ALT_NOT(X86_FEATURE_ALWAYS)
ALTERNATIVE_2 "jmp .Lskip_rsb_\@" , \
__stringify(__FILL_RETURN_BUFFER(\reg,\nr)), \ftr, \
__stringify(nop;nop;__FILL_ONE_RETURN), \ftr2
.Lskip_rsb_\@:
.endm
/*
* The CALL to srso_alias_untrain_ret ( ) must be patched in directly at
* the spot where untraining must be done , ie . , srso_alias_untrain_ret ( )
* must be the target of a CALL instruction instead of indirectly
* jumping to a wrapper which then calls it . Therefore , this macro is
* called outside of _ _ UNTRAIN_RET below , for the time being , before the
* kernel can support nested alternatives with arbitrary nesting .
*/
.macro CALL_UNTRAIN_RET
#if defined (CONFIG_MITIGATION_UNRET_ENTRY) || defined (CONFIG_MITIGATION_SRSO)
ALTERNATIVE_2 "" , "call entry_untrain_ret" , X86_FEATURE_UNRET, \
"call srso_alias_untrain_ret" , X86_FEATURE_SRSO_ALIAS
#endif
.endm
/*
* Mitigate RETBleed for AMD / Hygon Zen uarch . Requires KERNEL CR3 because the
* return thunk isn ' t mapped into the userspace tables ( then again , AMD
* typically has NO_MELTDOWN ) .
*
* While retbleed_untrain_ret ( ) doesn ' t clobber anything but requires stack ,
* write_ibpb ( ) will clobber AX , CX , DX .
*
* As such , this must be placed after every * SWITCH_TO_KERNEL_CR3 at a point
* where we have a stack but before any RET instruction .
*/
.macro __UNTRAIN_RET ibpb_feature, call_depth_insns
#if defined (CONFIG_MITIGATION_RETHUNK) || defined (CONFIG_MITIGATION_IBPB_ENTRY)
VALIDATE_UNRET_END
CALL_UNTRAIN_RET
ALTERNATIVE_2 "" , \
"call write_ibpb" , \ibpb_feature, \
__stringify(\call_depth_insns), X86_FEATURE_CALL_DEPTH
#endif
.endm
#define UNTRAIN_RET \
__UNTRAIN_RET X86_FEATURE_ENTRY_IBPB, __stringify(RESET_CALL_DEPTH)
#define UNTRAIN_RET_VM \
__UNTRAIN_RET X86_FEATURE_IBPB_ON_VMEXIT, __stringify(RESET_CALL_DEPTH)
#define UNTRAIN_RET_FROM_CALL \
__UNTRAIN_RET X86_FEATURE_ENTRY_IBPB, __stringify(RESET_CALL_DEPTH_FROM_CALL)
.macro CALL_DEPTH_ACCOUNT
#ifdef CONFIG_MITIGATION_CALL_DEPTH_TRACKING
ALTERNATIVE "" , \
__stringify(INCREMENT_CALL_DEPTH), X86_FEATURE_CALL_DEPTH
#endif
.endm
/*
* Macro to execute VERW insns that mitigate transient data sampling
* attacks such as MDS or TSA . On affected systems a microcode update
* overloaded VERW insns to also clear the CPU buffers . VERW clobbers
* CFLAGS . ZF .
* Note : Only the memory operand variant of VERW clears the CPU buffers .
*/
.macro __CLEAR_CPU_BUFFERS feature
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
ALTERNATIVE "" , "verw x86_verw_sel(%rip)" , \feature
#else
/*
* In 32 bit mode , the memory operand must be a % cs reference . The data
* segments may not be usable ( vm86 mode ) , and the stack segment may not
* be flat ( ESPFIX32 ) .
*/
ALTERNATIVE "" , "verw %cs:x86_verw_sel" , \feature
#endif
.endm
#define CLEAR_CPU_BUFFERS \
__CLEAR_CPU_BUFFERS X86_FEATURE_CLEAR_CPU_BUF
#define VM_CLEAR_CPU_BUFFERS \
__CLEAR_CPU_BUFFERS X86_FEATURE_CLEAR_CPU_BUF_VM
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
.macro CLEAR_BRANCH_HISTORY
ALTERNATIVE "" , "call clear_bhb_loop" , X86_FEATURE_CLEAR_BHB_LOOP
.endm
.macro CLEAR_BRANCH_HISTORY_VMEXIT
ALTERNATIVE "" , "call clear_bhb_loop" , X86_FEATURE_CLEAR_BHB_VMEXIT
.endm
#else
#define CLEAR_BRANCH_HISTORY
#define CLEAR_BRANCH_HISTORY_VMEXIT
#endif
#else /* __ASSEMBLER__ */
#define ITS_THUNK_SIZE 64
typedef u8 retpoline_thunk_t[RETPOLINE_THUNK_SIZE];
typedef u8 its_thunk_t[ITS_THUNK_SIZE];
extern retpoline_thunk_t __x86_indirect_thunk_array[];
extern retpoline_thunk_t __x86_indirect_call_thunk_array[];
extern retpoline_thunk_t __x86_indirect_jump_thunk_array[];
extern its_thunk_t __x86_indirect_its_thunk_array[];
#ifdef CONFIG_MITIGATION_RETHUNK
extern void __x86_return_thunk(void );
#else
static inline void __x86_return_thunk(void ) {}
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_MITIGATION_UNRET_ENTRY
extern void retbleed_return_thunk(void );
#else
static inline void retbleed_return_thunk(void ) {}
#endif
extern void srso_alias_untrain_ret(void );
#ifdef CONFIG_MITIGATION_SRSO
extern void srso_return_thunk(void );
extern void srso_alias_return_thunk(void );
#else
static inline void srso_return_thunk(void ) {}
static inline void srso_alias_return_thunk(void ) {}
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_MITIGATION_ITS
extern void its_return_thunk(void );
#else
static inline void its_return_thunk(void ) {}
#endif
extern void retbleed_return_thunk(void );
extern void srso_return_thunk(void );
extern void srso_alias_return_thunk(void );
extern void entry_untrain_ret(void );
extern void write_ibpb(void );
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
extern void clear_bhb_loop(void );
#endif
extern void (*x86_return_thunk)(void );
extern void __warn_thunk(void );
#ifdef CONFIG_MITIGATION_CALL_DEPTH_TRACKING
extern void call_depth_return_thunk(void );
#define CALL_DEPTH_ACCOUNT \
ALTERNATIVE("" , \
__stringify(INCREMENT_CALL_DEPTH), \
X86_FEATURE_CALL_DEPTH)
DECLARE_PER_CPU_CACHE_HOT(u64, __x86_call_depth);
#ifdef CONFIG_CALL_THUNKS_DEBUG
DECLARE_PER_CPU(u64, __x86_call_count);
DECLARE_PER_CPU(u64, __x86_ret_count);
DECLARE_PER_CPU(u64, __x86_stuffs_count);
DECLARE_PER_CPU(u64, __x86_ctxsw_count);
#endif
#else /* !CONFIG_MITIGATION_CALL_DEPTH_TRACKING */
static inline void call_depth_return_thunk(void ) {}
#define CALL_DEPTH_ACCOUNT ""
#endif /* CONFIG_MITIGATION_CALL_DEPTH_TRACKING */
#ifdef CONFIG_MITIGATION_RETPOLINE
#define GEN(reg) \
extern retpoline_thunk_t __x86_indirect_thunk_ ## reg;
#include <asm /GEN-for -each-reg.h>
#undef GEN
#define GEN(reg) \
extern retpoline_thunk_t __x86_indirect_call_thunk_ ## reg;
#include <asm /GEN-for -each-reg.h>
#undef GEN
#define GEN(reg) \
extern retpoline_thunk_t __x86_indirect_jump_thunk_ ## reg;
#include <asm /GEN-for -each-reg.h>
#undef GEN
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
/*
* Emits a conditional CS prefix that is compatible with
* - mindirect - branch - cs - prefix .
*/
#define __CS_PREFIX(reg) \
".irp rs,r8,r9,r10,r11,r12,r13,r14,r15\n" \
".ifc \\rs," reg "\n" \
".byte 0x2e\n" \
".endif\n" \
".endr\n"
/*
* Inline asm uses the % V modifier which is only in newer GCC
* which is ensured when CONFIG_MITIGATION_RETPOLINE is defined .
*/
#define CALL_NOSPEC __CS_PREFIX("%V[thunk_target]" ) \
"call __x86_indirect_thunk_%V[thunk_target]\n"
# define THUNK_TARGET(addr) [thunk_target] "r" (addr)
#else /* CONFIG_X86_32 */
/*
* For i386 we use the original ret - equivalent retpoline , because
* otherwise we ' ll run out of registers . We don ' t care about CET
* here , anyway .
*/
# define CALL_NOSPEC \
ALTERNATIVE_2( \
ANNOTATE_RETPOLINE_SAFE \
"call *%[thunk_target]\n" , \
" jmp 904f;\n" \
" .align 16\n" \
"901: call 903f;\n" \
"902: pause;\n" \
" lfence;\n" \
" jmp 902b;\n" \
" .align 16\n" \
"903: lea 4(%%esp), %%esp;\n" \
" pushl %[thunk_target];\n" \
" ret;\n" \
" .align 16\n" \
"904: call 901b;\n" , \
X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE, \
"lfence;\n" \
ANNOTATE_RETPOLINE_SAFE \
"call *%[thunk_target]\n" , \
X86_FEATURE_RETPOLINE_LFENCE)
# define THUNK_TARGET(addr) [thunk_target] "rm" (addr)
#endif
#else /* No retpoline for C / inline asm */
# define CALL_NOSPEC "call *%[thunk_target]\n"
# define THUNK_TARGET(addr) [thunk_target] "rm" (addr)
#endif
/* The Spectre V2 mitigation variants */
enum spectre_v2_mitigation {
SPECTRE_V2_NONE,
SPECTRE_V2_RETPOLINE,
SPECTRE_V2_LFENCE,
SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS,
SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS_RETPOLINE,
SPECTRE_V2_EIBRS_LFENCE,
SPECTRE_V2_IBRS,
};
/* The indirect branch speculation control variants */
enum spectre_v2_user_mitigation {
SPECTRE_V2_USER_NONE,
SPECTRE_V2_USER_STRICT,
SPECTRE_V2_USER_STRICT_PREFERRED,
SPECTRE_V2_USER_PRCTL,
SPECTRE_V2_USER_SECCOMP,
};
/* The Speculative Store Bypass disable variants */
enum ssb_mitigation {
SPEC_STORE_BYPASS_NONE,
SPEC_STORE_BYPASS_DISABLE,
SPEC_STORE_BYPASS_PRCTL,
SPEC_STORE_BYPASS_SECCOMP,
};
static __always_inline
void alternative_msr_write(unsigned int msr, u64 val, unsigned int feature)
{
asm volatile (ALTERNATIVE("" , "wrmsr" , %c[feature])
: : "c" (msr),
"a" ((u32)val),
"d" ((u32)(val >> 32 )),
[feature] "i" (feature)
: "memory" );
}
DECLARE_PER_CPU(bool , x86_ibpb_exit_to_user);
static inline void indirect_branch_prediction_barrier(void )
{
asm_inline volatile (ALTERNATIVE("" , "call write_ibpb" , X86_FEATURE_IBPB)
: ASM_CALL_CONSTRAINT
:: "rax" , "rcx" , "rdx" , "memory" );
}
/* The Intel SPEC CTRL MSR base value cache */
extern u64 x86_spec_ctrl_base;
DECLARE_PER_CPU(u64, x86_spec_ctrl_current);
extern void update_spec_ctrl_cond(u64 val);
extern u64 spec_ctrl_current(void );
/*
* With retpoline , we must use IBRS to restrict branch prediction
* before calling into firmware .
*
* ( Implemented as CPP macros due to header hell . )
*/
#define firmware_restrict_branch_speculation_start() \
do { \
preempt_disable(); \
alternative_msr_write(MSR_IA32_SPEC_CTRL, \
spec_ctrl_current() | SPEC_CTRL_IBRS, \
X86_FEATURE_USE_IBRS_FW); \
alternative_msr_write(MSR_IA32_PRED_CMD, PRED_CMD_IBPB, \
X86_FEATURE_USE_IBPB_FW); \
} while (0 )
#define firmware_restrict_branch_speculation_end() \
do { \
alternative_msr_write(MSR_IA32_SPEC_CTRL, \
spec_ctrl_current(), \
X86_FEATURE_USE_IBRS_FW); \
preempt_enable(); \
} while (0 )
DECLARE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(switch_to_cond_stibp);
DECLARE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(switch_mm_cond_ibpb);
DECLARE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(switch_mm_always_ibpb);
DECLARE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(switch_vcpu_ibpb);
DECLARE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(cpu_buf_idle_clear);
DECLARE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(switch_mm_cond_l1d_flush);
DECLARE_STATIC_KEY_FALSE(cpu_buf_vm_clear);
extern u16 x86_verw_sel;
#include <asm /segment.h>
/**
* x86_clear_cpu_buffers - Buffer clearing support for different x86 CPU vulns
*
* This uses the otherwise unused and obsolete VERW instruction in
* combination with microcode which triggers a CPU buffer flush when the
* instruction is executed .
*/
static __always_inline void x86_clear_cpu_buffers(void )
{
static const u16 ds = __KERNEL_DS;
/*
* Has to be the memory - operand variant because only that
* guarantees the CPU buffer flush functionality according to
* documentation . The register - operand variant does not .
* Works with any segment selector , but a valid writable
* data segment is the fastest variant .
*
* " cc " clobber is required because VERW modifies ZF .
*/
asm volatile ("verw %[ds]" : : [ds] "m" (ds) : "cc" );
}
/**
* x86_idle_clear_cpu_buffers - Buffer clearing support in idle for the MDS
* and TSA vulnerabilities .
*
* Clear CPU buffers if the corresponding static key is enabled
*/
static __always_inline void x86_idle_clear_cpu_buffers(void )
{
if (static_branch_likely(&cpu_buf_idle_clear))
x86_clear_cpu_buffers();
}
#endif /* __ASSEMBLER__ */
#endif /* _ASM_X86_NOSPEC_BRANCH_H_ */
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