// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
/*
Simple utility to make a single - image install kernel with initial ramdisk
for Sparc tftpbooting without need to set up nfs .
Copyright ( C ) 1996 , 1997 Jakub Jelinek ( jj @ sunsite . mff . cuni . cz )
Pete Zaitcev < zaitcev @ yahoo . com > endian fixes for cross - compiles , 2000 .
Copyright ( C ) 2011 Sam Ravnborg < sam @ ravnborg . org >
*/
#include <dirent.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
/*
* Note : run this on an a . out kernel ( use elftoaout for it ) ,
* as PROM looks for a . out image only .
*/
#define AOUT_TEXT_OFFSET 32
static int is64bit = 0 ;
/* align to power-of-two size */
static int align(int n)
{
if (is64bit)
return (n + 0 x1fff) & ~0 x1fff;
else
return (n + 0 xfff) & ~0 xfff;
}
/* read two bytes as big endian */
static unsigned short ld2(char *p)
{
return (p[0 ] << 8 ) | p[1 ];
}
/* save 4 bytes as big endian */
static void st4(char *p, unsigned int x)
{
p[0 ] = x >> 24 ;
p[1 ] = x >> 16 ;
p[2 ] = x >> 8 ;
p[3 ] = x;
}
static void die(const char *str)
{
perror(str);
exit (1 );
}
static void usage(void )
{
/* fs_img.gz is an image of initial ramdisk. */
fprintf(stderr, "Usage: piggyback bits vmlinux.aout System.map fs_img.gz\n" );
fprintf(stderr, "\tKernel image will be modified in place.\n" );
exit (1 );
}
static int start_line(const char *line)
{
if (strcmp(line + 10 , " _start\n" ) == 0 )
return 1 ;
else if (strcmp(line + 18 , " _start\n" ) == 0 )
return 1 ;
return 0 ;
}
static int end_line(const char *line)
{
if (strcmp(line + 10 , " _end\n" ) == 0 )
return 1 ;
else if (strcmp (line + 18 , " _end\n" ) == 0 )
return 1 ;
return 0 ;
}
/*
* Find address for start and end in System . map .
* The file looks like this :
* f0004000 . . . _ start
* f0379f79 . . . _ end
* 1234567890123456
* ^ coloumn 1
* There is support for 64 bit addresses too .
*
* Return 0 if either start or end is not found
*/
static int get_start_end(const char *filename, unsigned int *start,
unsigned int *end)
{
FILE *map;
char buffer[1024 ];
*start = 0 ;
*end = 0 ;
map = fopen(filename, "r" );
if (!map)
die(filename);
while (fgets(buffer, 1024 , map)) {
if (start_line(buffer))
*start = strtoul(buffer, NULL, 16 );
else if (end_line(buffer))
*end = strtoul(buffer, NULL, 16 );
}
fclose (map);
if (*start == 0 || *end == 0 )
return 0 ;
return 1 ;
}
#define LOOKBACK (128 * 4 )
#define BUFSIZE 1024
/*
* Find the HdrS entry from head_32 / head_64 .
* We check if it is at the beginning of the file ( sparc64 case )
* and if not we search for it .
* When we search do so in steps of 4 as HdrS is on a 4 - byte aligned
* address ( it is on same alignment as sparc instructions )
* Return the offset to the HdrS entry ( as off_t )
*/
static off_t get_hdrs_offset(int kernelfd, const char *filename)
{
char buffer[BUFSIZE];
off_t offset;
int i;
if (lseek(kernelfd, 0 , SEEK_SET) < 0 )
die("lseek" );
if (read(kernelfd, buffer, BUFSIZE) != BUFSIZE)
die(filename);
if (buffer[40 ] == 'H' && buffer[41 ] == 'd' &&
buffer[42 ] == 'r' && buffer[43 ] == 'S' ) {
return 40 ;
} else {
/* Find the gokernel label */
/* Decode offset from branch instruction */
offset = ld2(buffer + AOUT_TEXT_OFFSET + 2 ) << 2 ;
/* Go back 512 bytes so we do not miss HdrS */
offset -= LOOKBACK;
/* skip a.out header */
offset += AOUT_TEXT_OFFSET;
if (offset < 0 ) {
errno = -EINVAL;
die("Calculated a negative offset, probably elftoaout generated an invalid image. Did you use a recent elftoaout ?" );
}
if (lseek(kernelfd, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0 )
die("lseek" );
if (read(kernelfd, buffer, BUFSIZE) != BUFSIZE)
die(filename);
for (i = 0 ; i < LOOKBACK; i += 4 ) {
if (buffer[i + 0 ] == 'H' && buffer[i + 1 ] == 'd' &&
buffer[i + 2 ] == 'r' && buffer[i + 3 ] == 'S' ) {
return offset + i;
}
}
}
fprintf (stderr, "Couldn't find headers signature in %s\n" , filename);
exit (1 );
}
int main(int argc,char **argv)
{
static char aout_magic[] = { 0 x01, 0 x03, 0 x01, 0 x07 };
char buffer[1024 ];
unsigned int i, start, end;
off_t offset;
struct stat s;
int image, tail;
if (argc != 5 )
usage();
if (strcmp(argv[1 ], "64" ) == 0 )
is64bit = 1 ;
if (stat (argv[4 ], &s) < 0 )
die(argv[4 ]);
if (!get_start_end(argv[3 ], &start, &end)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Could not determine start and end from %s\n" ,
argv[3 ]);
exit (1 );
}
if ((image = open(argv[2 ], O_RDWR)) < 0 )
die(argv[2 ]);
if (read(image, buffer, 512 ) != 512 )
die(argv[2 ]);
if (memcmp(buffer, aout_magic, 4 ) != 0 ) {
fprintf (stderr, "Not a.out. Don't blame me.\n" );
exit (1 );
}
/*
* We need to fill in values for
* sparc_ramdisk_image + sparc_ramdisk_size
* To locate these symbols search for the " HdrS " text which appear
* in the image a little before the gokernel symbol .
* See definition of these in init_32 . S
*/
offset = get_hdrs_offset(image, argv[2 ]);
/* skip HdrS + LINUX_VERSION_CODE + HdrS version */
offset += 10 ;
if (lseek(image, offset, 0 ) < 0 )
die("lseek" );
/*
* root_flags = 0
* root_dev = 1 ( RAMDISK_MAJOR )
* ram_flags = 0
* sparc_ramdisk_image = " PAGE aligned address after _ end " )
* sparc_ramdisk_size = size of image
*/
st4(buffer, 0 );
st4(buffer + 4 , 0 x01000000);
st4(buffer + 8 , align(end + 32 ));
st4(buffer + 12 , s.st_size);
if (write(image, buffer + 2 , 14 ) != 14 )
die(argv[2 ]);
/* For sparc64 update a_text and clear a_data + a_bss */
if (is64bit)
{
if (lseek(image, 4 , 0 ) < 0 )
die("lseek" );
/* a_text */
st4(buffer, align(end + 32 + 8191 ) - (start & ~0 x3fffffUL) +
s.st_size);
/* a_data */
st4(buffer + 4 , 0 );
/* a_bss */
st4(buffer + 8 , 0 );
if (write(image, buffer, 12 ) != 12 )
die(argv[2 ]);
}
/* seek page aligned boundary in the image file and add boot image */
if (lseek(image, AOUT_TEXT_OFFSET - start + align(end + 32 ), 0 ) < 0 )
die("lseek" );
if ((tail = open(argv[4 ], O_RDONLY)) < 0 )
die(argv[4 ]);
while ((i = read(tail, buffer, 1024 )) > 0 )
if (write(image, buffer, i) != i)
die(argv[2 ]);
if (close(image) < 0 )
die("close" );
if (close(tail) < 0 )
die("close" );
return 0 ;
}
Messung V0.5 in Prozent C=91 H=97 G=93
¤ Dauer der Verarbeitung: 0.11 Sekunden
(vorverarbeitet am 2026-09-28)
¤
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