// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
* arch / arm64 / kernel / probes / kprobes . c
*
* Kprobes support for ARM64
*
* Copyright ( C ) 2013 Linaro Limited .
* Author : Sandeepa Prabhu < sandeepa . prabhu @ linaro . org >
*/
#define pr_fmt(fmt) "kprobes: " fmt
#include <linux/execmem.h>
#include <linux/extable.h>
#include <linux/kasan.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/kprobes.h>
#include <linux/sched/debug.h>
#include <linux/set_memory.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/stop_machine.h>
#include <linux/stringify.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#include <linux/vmalloc.h>
#include <asm /cacheflush.h>
#include <asm /daifflags.h>
#include <asm /debug-monitors.h>
#include <asm /insn.h>
#include <asm /irq.h>
#include <asm /text-patching.h>
#include <asm /ptrace.h>
#include <asm /sections.h>
#include <asm /system_misc.h>
#include <asm /traps.h>
#include "decode-insn.h"
DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct kprobe *, current_kprobe) = NULL;
DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct kprobe_ctlblk, kprobe_ctlblk);
static void __kprobes
post_kprobe_handler(struct kprobe *, struct kprobe_ctlblk *, struct pt_regs *);
void *alloc_insn_page(void )
{
void *addr;
addr = execmem_alloc(EXECMEM_KPROBES, PAGE_SIZE);
if (!addr)
return NULL;
if (set_memory_rox((unsigned long )addr, 1 )) {
execmem_free(addr);
return NULL;
}
return addr;
}
static void __kprobes arch_prepare_ss_slot(struct kprobe *p)
{
kprobe_opcode_t *addr = p->ainsn.xol_insn;
/*
* Prepare insn slot , Mark Rutland points out it depends on a coupe of
* subtleties :
*
* - That the I - cache maintenance for these instructions is complete
* * before * the kprobe BRK is written ( and aarch64_insn_patch_text_nosync ( )
* ensures this , but just omits causing a Context - Synchronization - Event
* on all CPUS ) .
*
* - That the kprobe BRK results in an exception ( and consequently a
* Context - Synchronoization - Event ) , which ensures that the CPU will
* fetch thesingle - step slot instructions * after * this , ensuring that
* the new instructions are used
*
* It supposes to place ISB after patching to guarantee I - cache maintenance
* is observed on all CPUS , however , single - step slot is installed in
* the BRK exception handler , so it is unnecessary to generate
* Contex - Synchronization - Event via ISB again .
*/
aarch64_insn_patch_text_nosync(addr, le32_to_cpu(p->opcode));
aarch64_insn_patch_text_nosync(addr + 1 , BRK64_OPCODE_KPROBES_SS);
/*
* Needs restoring of return address after stepping xol .
*/
p->ainsn.xol_restore = (unsigned long ) p->addr +
sizeof (kprobe_opcode_t);
}
static void __kprobes arch_prepare_simulate(struct kprobe *p)
{
/* This instructions is not executed xol. No need to adjust the PC */
p->ainsn.xol_restore = 0 ;
}
static void __kprobes arch_simulate_insn(struct kprobe *p, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk();
if (p->ainsn.api.handler)
p->ainsn.api.handler(le32_to_cpu(p->opcode), (long )p->addr, regs);
/* single step simulated, now go for post processing */
post_kprobe_handler(p, kcb, regs);
}
int __kprobes arch_prepare_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
{
unsigned long probe_addr = (unsigned long )p->addr;
if (probe_addr & 0 x3)
return -EINVAL;
/* copy instruction */
p->opcode = *p->addr;
if (search_exception_tables(probe_addr))
return -EINVAL;
/* decode instruction */
switch (arm_kprobe_decode_insn(p->addr, &p->ainsn)) {
case INSN_REJECTED: /* insn not supported */
return -EINVAL;
case INSN_GOOD_NO_SLOT: /* insn need simulation */
p->ainsn.xol_insn = NULL;
break ;
case INSN_GOOD: /* instruction uses slot */
p->ainsn.xol_insn = get_insn_slot();
if (!p->ainsn.xol_insn)
return -ENOMEM;
break ;
}
/* prepare the instruction */
if (p->ainsn.xol_insn)
arch_prepare_ss_slot(p);
else
arch_prepare_simulate(p);
return 0 ;
}
/* arm kprobe: install breakpoint in text */
void __kprobes arch_arm_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
{
void *addr = p->addr;
u32 insn = BRK64_OPCODE_KPROBES;
aarch64_insn_patch_text(&addr, &insn, 1 );
}
/* disarm kprobe: remove breakpoint from text */
void __kprobes arch_disarm_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
{
void *addr = p->addr;
u32 insn = le32_to_cpu(p->opcode);
aarch64_insn_patch_text(&addr, &insn, 1 );
}
void __kprobes arch_remove_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
{
if (p->ainsn.xol_insn) {
free_insn_slot(p->ainsn.xol_insn, 0 );
p->ainsn.xol_insn = NULL;
}
}
static void __kprobes save_previous_kprobe(struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb)
{
kcb->prev_kprobe.kp = kprobe_running();
kcb->prev_kprobe.status = kcb->kprobe_status;
}
static void __kprobes restore_previous_kprobe(struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb)
{
__this_cpu_write(current_kprobe, kcb->prev_kprobe.kp);
kcb->kprobe_status = kcb->prev_kprobe.status;
}
static void __kprobes set_current_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
{
__this_cpu_write(current_kprobe, p);
}
/*
* Mask all of DAIF while executing the instruction out - of - line , to keep things
* simple and avoid nesting exceptions . Interrupts do have to be disabled since
* the kprobe state is per - CPU and doesn ' t get migrated .
*/
static void __kprobes kprobes_save_local_irqflag(struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb,
struct pt_regs *regs)
{
kcb->saved_irqflag = regs->pstate & DAIF_MASK;
regs->pstate |= DAIF_MASK;
}
static void __kprobes kprobes_restore_local_irqflag(struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb,
struct pt_regs *regs)
{
regs->pstate &= ~DAIF_MASK;
regs->pstate |= kcb->saved_irqflag;
}
static void __kprobes setup_singlestep(struct kprobe *p,
struct pt_regs *regs,
struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb, int reenter)
{
unsigned long slot;
if (reenter) {
save_previous_kprobe(kcb);
set_current_kprobe(p);
kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_REENTER;
} else {
kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_SS;
}
if (p->ainsn.xol_insn) {
/* prepare for single stepping */
slot = (unsigned long )p->ainsn.xol_insn;
kprobes_save_local_irqflag(kcb, regs);
instruction_pointer_set(regs, slot);
} else {
/* insn simulation */
arch_simulate_insn(p, regs);
}
}
static int __kprobes reenter_kprobe(struct kprobe *p,
struct pt_regs *regs,
struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb)
{
switch (kcb->kprobe_status) {
case KPROBE_HIT_SSDONE:
case KPROBE_HIT_ACTIVE:
kprobes_inc_nmissed_count(p);
setup_singlestep(p, regs, kcb, 1 );
break ;
case KPROBE_HIT_SS:
case KPROBE_REENTER:
pr_warn("Failed to recover from reentered kprobes.\n" );
dump_kprobe(p);
BUG();
break ;
default :
WARN_ON(1 );
return 0 ;
}
return 1 ;
}
static void __kprobes
post_kprobe_handler(struct kprobe *cur, struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb, struct pt_regs *regs)
{
/* return addr restore if non-branching insn */
if (cur->ainsn.xol_restore != 0 )
instruction_pointer_set(regs, cur->ainsn.xol_restore);
/* restore back original saved kprobe variables and continue */
if (kcb->kprobe_status == KPROBE_REENTER) {
restore_previous_kprobe(kcb);
return ;
}
/* call post handler */
kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_SSDONE;
if (cur->post_handler)
cur->post_handler(cur, regs, 0 );
reset_current_kprobe();
}
int __kprobes kprobe_fault_handler(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned int fsr)
{
struct kprobe *cur = kprobe_running();
struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk();
switch (kcb->kprobe_status) {
case KPROBE_HIT_SS:
case KPROBE_REENTER:
/*
* We are here because the instruction being single
* stepped caused a page fault . We reset the current
* kprobe and the ip points back to the probe address
* and allow the page fault handler to continue as a
* normal page fault .
*/
instruction_pointer_set(regs, (unsigned long ) cur->addr);
BUG_ON(!instruction_pointer(regs));
if (kcb->kprobe_status == KPROBE_REENTER) {
restore_previous_kprobe(kcb);
} else {
kprobes_restore_local_irqflag(kcb, regs);
reset_current_kprobe();
}
break ;
}
return 0 ;
}
int __kprobes
kprobe_brk_handler(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long esr)
{
struct kprobe *p, *cur_kprobe;
struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb;
unsigned long addr = instruction_pointer(regs);
kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk();
cur_kprobe = kprobe_running();
p = get_kprobe((kprobe_opcode_t *) addr);
if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!p)) {
/*
* Something went wrong . This BRK used an immediate reserved
* for kprobes , but we couldn ' t find any corresponding probe .
*/
return DBG_HOOK_ERROR;
}
if (cur_kprobe) {
/* Hit a kprobe inside another kprobe */
if (!reenter_kprobe(p, regs, kcb))
return DBG_HOOK_ERROR;
} else {
/* Probe hit */
set_current_kprobe(p);
kcb->kprobe_status = KPROBE_HIT_ACTIVE;
/*
* If we have no pre - handler or it returned 0 , we
* continue with normal processing . If we have a
* pre - handler and it returned non - zero , it will
* modify the execution path and not need to single - step
* Let ' s just reset current kprobe and exit .
*/
if (!p->pre_handler || !p->pre_handler(p, regs))
setup_singlestep(p, regs, kcb, 0 );
else
reset_current_kprobe();
}
return DBG_HOOK_HANDLED;
}
int __kprobes
kprobe_ss_brk_handler(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long esr)
{
struct kprobe_ctlblk *kcb = get_kprobe_ctlblk();
unsigned long addr = instruction_pointer(regs);
struct kprobe *cur = kprobe_running();
if (cur && (kcb->kprobe_status & (KPROBE_HIT_SS | KPROBE_REENTER)) &&
((unsigned long )&cur->ainsn.xol_insn[1 ] == addr)) {
kprobes_restore_local_irqflag(kcb, regs);
post_kprobe_handler(cur, kcb, regs);
return DBG_HOOK_HANDLED;
}
/* not ours, kprobes should ignore it */
return DBG_HOOK_ERROR;
}
int __kprobes
kretprobe_brk_handler(struct pt_regs *regs, unsigned long esr)
{
if (regs->pc != (unsigned long )__kretprobe_trampoline)
return DBG_HOOK_ERROR;
regs->pc = kretprobe_trampoline_handler(regs, (void *)regs->regs[29 ]);
return DBG_HOOK_HANDLED;
}
/*
* Provide a blacklist of symbols identifying ranges which cannot be kprobed .
* This blacklist is exposed to userspace via debugfs ( kprobes / blacklist ) .
*/
int __init arch_populate_kprobe_blacklist(void )
{
int ret;
ret = kprobe_add_area_blacklist((unsigned long )__entry_text_start,
(unsigned long )__entry_text_end);
if (ret)
return ret;
ret = kprobe_add_area_blacklist((unsigned long )__irqentry_text_start,
(unsigned long )__irqentry_text_end);
if (ret)
return ret;
ret = kprobe_add_area_blacklist((unsigned long )__hyp_text_start,
(unsigned long )__hyp_text_end);
if (ret || is_kernel_in_hyp_mode())
return ret;
ret = kprobe_add_area_blacklist((unsigned long )__hyp_idmap_text_start,
(unsigned long )__hyp_idmap_text_end);
return ret;
}
void __kprobes arch_prepare_kretprobe(struct kretprobe_instance *ri,
struct pt_regs *regs)
{
ri->ret_addr = (kprobe_opcode_t *)regs->regs[30 ];
ri->fp = (void *)regs->regs[29 ];
/* replace return addr (x30) with trampoline */
regs->regs[30 ] = (long )&__kretprobe_trampoline;
}
int __kprobes arch_trampoline_kprobe(struct kprobe *p)
{
return 0 ;
}
int __init arch_init_kprobes(void )
{
return 0 ;
}
Messung V0.5 in Prozent C=94 H=91 G=92
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(vorverarbeitet am 2026-09-29)
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