// Copyright 2015 The Rust Project Developers. See the COPYRIGHT // file at the top-level directory of this distribution and at // http://rust-lang.org/COPYRIGHT. // // Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or // http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license // <LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your // option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed // except according to those terms.
use core::cmp; use core::mem; use core::ptr::{self, NonNull};
usecrate::alloc::{handle_alloc_error, Alloc, Layout, UnstableLayoutMethods}; usecrate::collections::CollectionAllocErr; usecrate::collections::CollectionAllocErr::*; // use boxed::Box;
/// A low-level utility for more ergonomically allocating, reallocating, and deallocating /// a buffer of memory on the heap without having to worry about all the corner cases /// involved. This type is excellent for building your own data structures like Vec and VecDeque. /// In particular: /// /// * Produces Unique::empty() on zero-sized types /// * Produces Unique::empty() on zero-length allocations /// * Catches all overflows in capacity computations (promotes them to "capacity overflow" panics) /// * Guards against 32-bit systems allocating more than isize::MAX bytes /// * Guards against overflowing your length /// * Aborts on OOM /// * Avoids freeing Unique::empty() /// * Contains a ptr::Unique and thus endows the user with all related benefits /// /// This type does not in anyway inspect the memory that it manages. When dropped it *will* /// free its memory, but it *won't* try to Drop its contents. It is up to the user of RawVec /// to handle the actual things *stored* inside of a RawVec. /// /// Note that a RawVec always forces its capacity to be usize::MAX for zero-sized types. /// This enables you to use capacity growing logic catch the overflows in your length /// that might occur with zero-sized types. /// /// However this means that you need to be careful when round-tripping this type /// with a `Box<[T]>`: `cap()` won't yield the len. However `with_capacity`, /// `shrink_to_fit`, and `from_box` will actually set RawVec's private capacity /// field. This allows zero-sized types to not be special-cased by consumers of /// this type. #[allow(missing_debug_implementations)] pubstruct RawVec<'a, T> {
ptr: NonNull<T>,
cap: usize,
a: &'a Bump,
}
impl<'a, T> RawVec<'a, T> { /// Like `new` but parameterized over the choice of allocator for /// the returned RawVec. pubfn new_in(a: &'a Bump) -> Self { // `cap: 0` means "unallocated". zero-sized types are ignored.
RawVec {
ptr: NonNull::dangling(),
cap: 0,
a,
}
}
/// Like `with_capacity` but parameterized over the choice of /// allocator for the returned RawVec. #[inline] pubfn with_capacity_in(cap: usize, a: &'a Bump) -> Self {
RawVec::allocate_in(cap, false, a)
}
/// Like `with_capacity_zeroed` but parameterized over the choice /// of allocator for the returned RawVec. #[inline] pubfn with_capacity_zeroed_in(cap: usize, a: &'a Bump) -> Self {
RawVec::allocate_in(cap, true, a)
}
let alloc_size = cap
.checked_mul(elem_size)
.unwrap_or_else(|| capacity_overflow());
alloc_guard(alloc_size).unwrap_or_else(|_| capacity_overflow());
// handles ZSTs and `cap = 0` alike let ptr = if alloc_size == 0 {
NonNull::<T>::dangling()
} else { let align = mem::align_of::<T>(); let layout = Layout::from_size_align(alloc_size, align).unwrap(); let result = if zeroed {
a.alloc_zeroed(layout)
} else {
Alloc::alloc(&mut a, layout)
}; match result {
Ok(ptr) => ptr.cast(),
Err(_) => handle_alloc_error(layout),
}
};
RawVec { ptr, cap, a }
}
}
}
impl<'a, T> RawVec<'a, T> { /// Reconstitutes a RawVec from a pointer, capacity, and allocator. /// /// # Undefined Behavior /// /// The ptr must be allocated (via the given allocator `a`), and with the given capacity. The /// capacity cannot exceed `isize::MAX` (only a concern on 32-bit systems). /// If the ptr and capacity come from a RawVec created via `a`, then this is guaranteed. pubunsafefn from_raw_parts_in(ptr: *mut T, cap: usize, a: &'a Bump) -> Self {
RawVec {
ptr: NonNull::new_unchecked(ptr),
cap,
a,
}
}
}
impl<'a, T> RawVec<'a, T> { /// Gets a raw pointer to the start of the allocation. Note that this is /// Unique::empty() if `cap = 0` or T is zero-sized. In the former case, you must /// be careful. pubfn ptr(&self) -> *mut T { self.ptr.as_ptr()
}
/// Gets the capacity of the allocation. /// /// This will always be `usize::MAX` if `T` is zero-sized. #[inline(always)] pubfn cap(&self) -> usize { if mem::size_of::<T>() == 0 {
!0
} else { self.cap
}
}
/// Returns a shared reference to the allocator backing this RawVec. pubfn bump(&self) -> &'a Bump { self.a
}
fn current_layout(&self) -> Option<Layout> { ifself.cap == 0 {
None
} else { // We have an allocated chunk of memory, so we can bypass runtime // checks to get our current layout. unsafe { let align = mem::align_of::<T>(); let size = mem::size_of::<T>() * self.cap;
Some(Layout::from_size_align_unchecked(size, align))
}
}
}
/// Doubles the size of the type's backing allocation. This is common enough /// to want to do that it's easiest to just have a dedicated method. Slightly /// more efficient logic can be provided for this than the general case. /// /// This function is ideal for when pushing elements one-at-a-time because /// you don't need to incur the costs of the more general computations /// reserve needs to do to guard against overflow. You do however need to /// manually check if your `len == cap`. /// /// # Panics /// /// * Panics if T is zero-sized on the assumption that you managed to exhaust /// all `usize::MAX` slots in your imaginary buffer. /// * Panics on 32-bit platforms if the requested capacity exceeds /// `isize::MAX` bytes. /// /// # Aborts /// /// Aborts on OOM /// /// # Examples /// /// ```ignore /// # #![feature(alloc, raw_vec_internals)] /// # extern crate alloc; /// # use std::ptr; /// # use alloc::raw_vec::RawVec; /// struct MyVec<T> { /// buf: RawVec<T>, /// len: usize, /// } /// /// impl<T> MyVec<T> { /// pub fn push(&mut self, elem: T) { /// if self.len == self.buf.cap() { self.buf.double(); } /// // double would have aborted or panicked if the len exceeded /// // `isize::MAX` so this is safe to do unchecked now. /// unsafe { /// ptr::write(self.buf.ptr().add(self.len), elem); /// } /// self.len += 1; /// } /// } /// # fn main() { /// # let mut vec = MyVec { buf: RawVec::new(), len: 0 }; /// # vec.push(1); /// # } /// ``` #[inline(never)] #[cold] pubfn double(&mutself) { unsafe { let elem_size = mem::size_of::<T>();
// since we set the capacity to usize::MAX when elem_size is // 0, getting to here necessarily means the RawVec is overfull.
assert!(elem_size != 0, "capacity overflow");
let (new_cap, uniq) = matchself.current_layout() {
Some(cur) => { // Since we guarantee that we never allocate more than // isize::MAX bytes, `elem_size * self.cap <= isize::MAX` as // a precondition, so this can't overflow. Additionally the // alignment will never be too large as to "not be // satisfiable", so `Layout::from_size_align` will always // return `Some`. // // tl;dr; we bypass runtime checks due to dynamic assertions // in this module, allowing us to use // `from_size_align_unchecked`. let new_cap = 2 * self.cap; let new_size = new_cap * elem_size;
alloc_guard(new_size).unwrap_or_else(|_| capacity_overflow()); let ptr_res = self.a.realloc(self.ptr.cast(), cur, new_size); match ptr_res {
Ok(ptr) => (new_cap, ptr.cast()),
Err(_) => handle_alloc_error(Layout::from_size_align_unchecked(
new_size,
cur.align(),
)),
}
}
None => { // skip to 4 because tiny Vec's are dumb; but not if that // would cause overflow let new_cap = if elem_size > (!0) / 8 { 1 } else { 4 }; matchself.a.alloc_array::<T>(new_cap) {
Ok(ptr) => (new_cap, ptr),
Err(_) => handle_alloc_error(Layout::array::<T>(new_cap).unwrap()),
}
}
}; self.ptr = uniq; self.cap = new_cap;
}
}
/// Attempts to double the size of the type's backing allocation in place. This is common /// enough to want to do that it's easiest to just have a dedicated method. Slightly /// more efficient logic can be provided for this than the general case. /// /// Returns true if the reallocation attempt has succeeded, or false otherwise. /// /// # Panics /// /// * Panics if T is zero-sized on the assumption that you managed to exhaust /// all `usize::MAX` slots in your imaginary buffer. /// * Panics on 32-bit platforms if the requested capacity exceeds /// `isize::MAX` bytes. #[inline(never)] #[cold] pubfn double_in_place(&mutself) -> bool { unsafe { let elem_size = mem::size_of::<T>(); let old_layout = matchself.current_layout() {
Some(layout) => layout,
None => returnfalse, // nothing to double
};
// since we set the capacity to usize::MAX when elem_size is // 0, getting to here necessarily means the RawVec is overfull.
assert!(elem_size != 0, "capacity overflow");
// Since we guarantee that we never allocate more than isize::MAX // bytes, `elem_size * self.cap <= isize::MAX` as a precondition, so // this can't overflow. // // Similarly like with `double` above we can go straight to // `Layout::from_size_align_unchecked` as we know this won't // overflow and the alignment is sufficiently small. let new_cap = 2 * self.cap; let new_size = new_cap * elem_size;
alloc_guard(new_size).unwrap_or_else(|_| capacity_overflow()); matchself.a.grow_in_place(self.ptr.cast(), old_layout, new_size) {
Ok(_) => { // We can't directly divide `size`. self.cap = new_cap; true
}
Err(_) => false,
}
}
}
/// The same as `reserve_exact`, but returns on errors instead of panicking or aborting. pubfn try_reserve_exact(
&mutself,
used_cap: usize,
needed_extra_cap: usize,
) -> Result<(), CollectionAllocErr> { self.fallible_reserve_internal(used_cap, needed_extra_cap, Exact)
}
/// Ensures that the buffer contains at least enough space to hold /// `used_cap + needed_extra_cap` elements. If it doesn't already, /// will reallocate the minimum possible amount of memory necessary. /// Generally this will be exactly the amount of memory necessary, /// but in principle the allocator is free to give back more than /// we asked for. /// /// If `used_cap` exceeds `self.cap()`, this may fail to actually allocate /// the requested space. This is not really unsafe, but the unsafe /// code *you* write that relies on the behavior of this function may break. /// /// # Panics /// /// * Panics if the requested capacity exceeds `usize::MAX` bytes. /// * Panics on 32-bit platforms if the requested capacity exceeds /// `isize::MAX` bytes. /// /// # Aborts /// /// Aborts on OOM pubfn reserve_exact(&mutself, used_cap: usize, needed_extra_cap: usize) { self.infallible_reserve_internal(used_cap, needed_extra_cap, Exact)
}
/// Calculates the buffer's new size given that it'll hold `used_cap + /// needed_extra_cap` elements. This logic is used in amortized reserve methods. /// Returns `(new_capacity, new_alloc_size)`. fn amortized_new_size(
&self,
used_cap: usize,
needed_extra_cap: usize,
) -> Result<usize, CollectionAllocErr> { // Nothing we can really do about these checks :( let required_cap = used_cap
.checked_add(needed_extra_cap)
.ok_or(CapacityOverflow)?; // Cannot overflow, because `cap <= isize::MAX`, and type of `cap` is `usize`. let double_cap = self.cap * 2; // `double_cap` guarantees exponential growth.
Ok(cmp::max(double_cap, required_cap))
}
/// The same as `reserve`, but returns on errors instead of panicking or aborting. pubfn try_reserve(
&mutself,
used_cap: usize,
needed_extra_cap: usize,
) -> Result<(), CollectionAllocErr> { self.fallible_reserve_internal(used_cap, needed_extra_cap, Amortized)
}
/// Ensures that the buffer contains at least enough space to hold /// `used_cap + needed_extra_cap` elements. If it doesn't already have /// enough capacity, will reallocate enough space plus comfortable slack /// space to get amortized `O(1)` behavior. Will limit this behavior /// if it would needlessly cause itself to panic. /// /// If `used_cap` exceeds `self.cap()`, this may fail to actually allocate /// the requested space. This is not really unsafe, but the unsafe /// code *you* write that relies on the behavior of this function may break. /// /// This is ideal for implementing a bulk-push operation like `extend`. /// /// # Panics /// /// * Panics if the requested capacity exceeds `usize::MAX` bytes. /// * Panics on 32-bit platforms if the requested capacity exceeds /// `isize::MAX` bytes. /// /// # Aborts /// /// Aborts on OOM /// /// # Examples /// /// ```ignore /// # #![feature(alloc, raw_vec_internals)] /// # extern crate alloc; /// # use std::ptr; /// # use alloc::raw_vec::RawVec; /// struct MyVec<T> { /// buf: RawVec<T>, /// len: usize, /// } /// /// impl<T: Clone> MyVec<T> { /// pub fn push_all(&mut self, elems: &[T]) { /// self.buf.reserve(self.len, elems.len()); /// // reserve would have aborted or panicked if the len exceeded /// // `isize::MAX` so this is safe to do unchecked now. /// for x in elems { /// unsafe { /// ptr::write(self.buf.ptr().add(self.len), x.clone()); /// } /// self.len += 1; /// } /// } /// } /// # fn main() { /// # let mut vector = MyVec { buf: RawVec::new(), len: 0 }; /// # vector.push_all(&[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]); /// # } /// ``` #[inline(always)] pubfn reserve(&mutself, used_cap: usize, needed_extra_cap: usize) { self.infallible_reserve_internal(used_cap, needed_extra_cap, Amortized)
}
/// Attempts to ensure that the buffer contains at least enough space to hold /// `used_cap + needed_extra_cap` elements. If it doesn't already have /// enough capacity, will reallocate in place enough space plus comfortable slack /// space to get amortized `O(1)` behavior. Will limit this behaviour /// if it would needlessly cause itself to panic. /// /// If `used_cap` exceeds `self.cap()`, this may fail to actually allocate /// the requested space. This is not really unsafe, but the unsafe /// code *you* write that relies on the behavior of this function may break. /// /// Returns true if the reallocation attempt has succeeded, or false otherwise. /// /// # Panics /// /// * Panics if the requested capacity exceeds `usize::MAX` bytes. /// * Panics on 32-bit platforms if the requested capacity exceeds /// `isize::MAX` bytes. pubfn reserve_in_place(&mutself, used_cap: usize, needed_extra_cap: usize) -> bool { unsafe { // NOTE: we don't early branch on ZSTs here because we want this // to actually catch "asking for more than usize::MAX" in that case. // If we make it past the first branch then we are guaranteed to // panic.
// Don't actually need any more capacity. If the current `cap` is 0, we can't // reallocate in place. // Wrapping in case they give a bad `used_cap` let old_layout = matchself.current_layout() {
Some(layout) => layout,
None => returnfalse,
}; ifself.cap().wrapping_sub(used_cap) >= needed_extra_cap { returnfalse;
}
let new_cap = self
.amortized_new_size(used_cap, needed_extra_cap)
.unwrap_or_else(|_| capacity_overflow());
// Here, `cap < used_cap + needed_extra_cap <= new_cap` // (regardless of whether `self.cap - used_cap` wrapped). // Therefore we can safely call grow_in_place.
let new_layout = Layout::new::<T>().repeat(new_cap).unwrap().0; // FIXME: may crash and burn on over-reserve
alloc_guard(new_layout.size()).unwrap_or_else(|_| capacity_overflow()); matchself
.a
.grow_in_place(self.ptr.cast(), old_layout, new_layout.size())
{
Ok(_) => { self.cap = new_cap; true
}
Err(_) => false,
}
}
}
/// Shrinks the allocation down to the specified amount. If the given amount /// is 0, actually completely deallocates. /// /// # Panics /// /// Panics if the given amount is *larger* than the current capacity. /// /// # Aborts /// /// Aborts on OOM. pubfn shrink_to_fit(&mutself, amount: usize) { let elem_size = mem::size_of::<T>();
// Set the `cap` because they might be about to promote to a `Box<[T]>` if elem_size == 0 { self.cap = amount; return;
}
// This check is my waterloo; it's the only thing Vec wouldn't have to do.
assert!(self.cap >= amount, "Tried to shrink to a larger capacity");
if amount == 0 { // We want to create a new zero-length vector within the // same allocator. We use ptr::write to avoid an // erroneous attempt to drop the contents, and we use // ptr::read to sidestep condition against destructuring // types that implement Drop.
unsafe { let a = self.a; self.dealloc_buffer();
ptr::write(self, RawVec::new_in(a));
}
} elseifself.cap != amount { unsafe { // We know here that our `amount` is greater than zero. This // implies, via the assert above, that capacity is also greater // than zero, which means that we've got a current layout that // "fits" // // We also know that `self.cap` is greater than `amount`, and // consequently we don't need runtime checks for creating either // layout let old_size = elem_size * self.cap; let new_size = elem_size * amount; let align = mem::align_of::<T>(); let old_layout = Layout::from_size_align_unchecked(old_size, align); matchself.a.realloc(self.ptr.cast(), old_layout, new_size) {
Ok(p) => self.ptr = p.cast(),
Err(_) => {
handle_alloc_error(Layout::from_size_align_unchecked(new_size, align))
}
}
} self.cap = amount;
}
}
}
#[cfg(feature = "boxed")] impl<'a, T> RawVec<'a, T> { /// Converts the entire buffer into `Box<[T]>`. /// /// Note that this will correctly reconstitute any `cap` changes /// that may have been performed. (See description of type for details.) /// /// # Undefined Behavior /// /// All elements of `RawVec<T>` must be initialized. Notice that /// the rules around uninitialized boxed values are not finalized yet, /// but until they are, it is advisable to avoid them. pubunsafefn into_box(self) -> crate::boxed::Box<'a, [T]> { usecrate::boxed::Box;
// NOTE: not calling `cap()` here; actually using the real `cap` field! let slice = core::slice::from_raw_parts_mut(self.ptr(), self.cap); let output: Box<'a, [T]> = Box::from_raw(slice);
mem::forget(self);
output
}
}
enum Fallibility {
Fallible,
Infallible,
}
useself::Fallibility::*;
enum ReserveStrategy {
Exact,
Amortized,
}
useself::ReserveStrategy::*;
impl<'a, T> RawVec<'a, T> { #[inline(always)] fn fallible_reserve_internal(
&mutself,
used_cap: usize,
needed_extra_cap: usize,
strategy: ReserveStrategy,
) -> Result<(), CollectionAllocErr> { // This portion of the method should always be inlined. ifself.cap().wrapping_sub(used_cap) >= needed_extra_cap { return Ok(());
} // This portion of the method should never be inlined, and will only be called when // the check above has confirmed that it is necessary. self.reserve_internal_or_error(used_cap, needed_extra_cap, Fallible, strategy)
}
#[inline(always)] fn infallible_reserve_internal(
&mutself,
used_cap: usize,
needed_extra_cap: usize,
strategy: ReserveStrategy,
) { // This portion of the method should always be inlined. ifself.cap().wrapping_sub(used_cap) >= needed_extra_cap { return;
} // This portion of the method should never be inlined, and will only be called when // the check above has confirmed that it is necessary. self.reserve_internal_or_panic(used_cap, needed_extra_cap, strategy)
}
#[inline(never)] fn reserve_internal_or_panic(
&mutself,
used_cap: usize,
needed_extra_cap: usize,
strategy: ReserveStrategy,
) { // Delegates the call to `reserve_internal_or_error` and panics in the event of an error. // This allows the method to have a return type of `()`, simplifying the assembly at the // call site. matchself.reserve_internal(used_cap, needed_extra_cap, Infallible, strategy) {
Err(CapacityOverflow) => capacity_overflow(),
Err(AllocErr) => unreachable!(),
Ok(()) => { /* yay */ }
}
}
#[inline(never)] fn reserve_internal_or_error(
&mutself,
used_cap: usize,
needed_extra_cap: usize,
fallibility: Fallibility,
strategy: ReserveStrategy,)-> Result<(), CollectionAllocErr> { // Delegates the call to `reserve_internal`, which can be inlined. self.reserve_internal(used_cap, needed_extra_cap, fallibility, strategy)
}
/// Helper method to reserve additional space, reallocating the backing memory. /// The caller is responsible for confirming that there is not already enough space available. fn reserve_internal(
&mutself,
used_cap: usize,
needed_extra_cap: usize,
fallibility: Fallibility,
strategy: ReserveStrategy,
) -> Result<(), CollectionAllocErr> { unsafe { usecrate::AllocErr;
// NOTE: we don't early branch on ZSTs here because we want this // to actually catch "asking for more than usize::MAX" in that case. // If we make it past the first branch then we are guaranteed to // panic.
// Nothing we can really do about these checks :( let new_cap = match strategy {
Exact => used_cap
.checked_add(needed_extra_cap)
.ok_or(CapacityOverflow)?,
Amortized => self.amortized_new_size(used_cap, needed_extra_cap)?,
}; let new_layout = Layout::array::<T>(new_cap).map_err(|_| CapacityOverflow)?;
alloc_guard(new_layout.size())?;
let res = matchself.current_layout() {
Some(layout) => {
debug_assert!(new_layout.align() == layout.align()); self.a.realloc(self.ptr.cast(), layout, new_layout.size())
}
None => Alloc::alloc(&mutself.a, new_layout),
};
impl<'a, T> RawVec<'a, T> { /// Frees the memory owned by the RawVec *without* trying to Drop its contents. pubunsafefn dealloc_buffer(&mutself) { let elem_size = mem::size_of::<T>(); if elem_size != 0 { iflet Some(layout) = self.current_layout() { self.a.dealloc(self.ptr.cast(), layout);
}
}
}
}
impl<'a, T> Drop for RawVec<'a, T> { /// Frees the memory owned by the RawVec *without* trying to Drop its contents. fn drop(&mutself) { unsafe { self.dealloc_buffer();
}
}
}
// We need to guarantee the following: // * We don't ever allocate `> isize::MAX` byte-size objects // * We don't overflow `usize::MAX` and actually allocate too little // // On 64-bit we just need to check for overflow since trying to allocate // `> isize::MAX` bytes will surely fail. On 32-bit and 16-bit we need to add // an extra guard for this in case we're running on a platform which can use // all 4GB in user-space. e.g. PAE or x32
// One central function responsible for reporting capacity overflows. This'll // ensure that the code generation related to these panics is minimal as there's // only one location which panics rather than a bunch throughout the module. fn capacity_overflow() -> ! {
panic!("capacity overflow")
}
#[cfg(test)] mod tests { usesuper::*;
#[test] fn reserve_does_not_overallocate() { let bump = Bump::new();
{ letmut v: RawVec<u32> = RawVec::new_in(&bump); // First `reserve` allocates like `reserve_exact`
v.reserve(0, 9);
assert_eq!(9, v.cap());
}
{ letmut v: RawVec<u32> = RawVec::new_in(&bump);
v.reserve(0, 7);
assert_eq!(7, v.cap()); // 97 if more than double of 7, so `reserve` should work // like `reserve_exact`.
v.reserve(7, 90);
assert_eq!(97, v.cap());
}
{ letmut v: RawVec<u32> = RawVec::new_in(&bump);
v.reserve(0, 12);
assert_eq!(12, v.cap());
v.reserve(12, 3); // 3 is less than half of 12, so `reserve` must grow // exponentially. At the time of writing this test grow // factor is 2, so new capacity is 24, however, grow factor // of 1.5 is OK too. Hence `>= 18` in assert.
assert!(v.cap() >= 12 + 12 / 2);
}
}
}
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