/* * Copyright (c) 2019, Alliance for Open Media. All rights reserved. * * This source code is subject to the terms of the BSD 2 Clause License and * the Alliance for Open Media Patent License 1.0. If the BSD 2 Clause License * was not distributed with this source code in the LICENSE file, you can * obtain it at www.aomedia.org/license/software. If the Alliance for Open * Media Patent License 1.0 was not distributed with this source code in the * PATENTS file, you can obtain it at www.aomedia.org/license/patent.
*/
/*!\defgroup gf_group_algo Golden Frame Group * \ingroup high_level_algo * Algorithms regarding determining the length of GF groups and defining GF * group structures. * @{
*/ /*! @} - end defgroup gf_group_algo */
// Calculate an active area of the image that discounts formatting // bars and partially discounts other 0 energy areas. #define MIN_ACTIVE_AREA 0.5 #define MAX_ACTIVE_AREA 1.0 staticdouble calculate_active_area(const FRAME_INFO *frame_info, const FIRSTPASS_STATS *this_frame) { constdouble active_pct =
1.0 -
((this_frame->intra_skip_pct / 2) +
((this_frame->inactive_zone_rows * 2) / (double)frame_info->mb_rows)); return fclamp(active_pct, MIN_ACTIVE_AREA, MAX_ACTIVE_AREA);
}
// Calculate a modified Error used in distributing bits between easier and // harder frames. #define ACT_AREA_CORRECTION 0.5 staticdouble calculate_modified_err_new(const FRAME_INFO *frame_info, const FIRSTPASS_STATS *total_stats, const FIRSTPASS_STATS *this_stats, int vbrbias, double modified_error_min, double modified_error_max) { if (total_stats == NULL) { return 0;
} constdouble av_weight = total_stats->weight / total_stats->count; constdouble av_err =
(total_stats->coded_error * av_weight) / total_stats->count; double modified_error =
av_err * pow(this_stats->coded_error * this_stats->weight /
DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(av_err),
vbrbias / 100.0);
// Correction for active area. Frames with a reduced active area // (eg due to formatting bars) have a higher error per mb for the // remaining active MBs. The correction here assumes that coding // 0.5N blocks of complexity 2X is a little easier than coding N // blocks of complexity X.
modified_error *=
pow(calculate_active_area(frame_info, this_stats), ACT_AREA_CORRECTION);
// Resets the first pass file to the given position using a relative seek from // the current position. staticvoid reset_fpf_position(TWO_PASS_FRAME *p_frame, const FIRSTPASS_STATS *position) {
p_frame->stats_in = position;
}
*fps = *p_frame->stats_in; /* Move old stats[0] out to accommodate for next frame stats */
memmove(p->frame_stats_arr[0], p->frame_stats_arr[1],
(p->stats_buf_ctx->stats_in_end - p_frame->stats_in - 1) * sizeof(FIRSTPASS_STATS));
p->stats_buf_ctx->stats_in_end--; return 1;
}
// Read frame stats at an offset from the current position. staticconst FIRSTPASS_STATS *read_frame_stats(const TWO_PASS *p, const TWO_PASS_FRAME *p_frame, int offset) { if ((offset >= 0 &&
p_frame->stats_in + offset >= p->stats_buf_ctx->stats_in_end) ||
(offset < 0 &&
p_frame->stats_in + offset < p->stats_buf_ctx->stats_in_start)) { return NULL;
}
return &p_frame->stats_in[offset];
}
// This function returns the maximum target rate per frame. staticint frame_max_bits(const RATE_CONTROL *rc, const AV1EncoderConfig *oxcf) {
int64_t max_bits = ((int64_t)rc->avg_frame_bandwidth *
(int64_t)oxcf->rc_cfg.vbrmax_section) /
100; if (max_bits < 0)
max_bits = 0; elseif (max_bits > rc->max_frame_bandwidth)
max_bits = rc->max_frame_bandwidth;
return (int)max_bits;
}
// Based on history adjust expectations of bits per macroblock. staticvoid twopass_update_bpm_factor(AV1_COMP *cpi, int rate_err_tol) {
TWO_PASS *const twopass = &cpi->ppi->twopass; const PRIMARY_RATE_CONTROL *const p_rc = &cpi->ppi->p_rc;
// Based on recent history adjust expectations of bits per macroblock. double rate_err_factor = 1.0; constdouble adj_limit = AOMMAX(0.2, (double)(100 - rate_err_tol) / 200.0); constdouble min_fac = 1.0 - adj_limit; constdouble max_fac = 1.0 + adj_limit;
#if CONFIG_THREE_PASS if (cpi->third_pass_ctx && cpi->third_pass_ctx->frame_info_count > 0) {
int64_t actual_bits = 0;
int64_t target_bits = 0; double factor = 0.0; int count = 0; for (int i = 0; i < cpi->third_pass_ctx->frame_info_count; i++) {
actual_bits += cpi->third_pass_ctx->frame_info[i].actual_bits;
target_bits += cpi->third_pass_ctx->frame_info[i].bits_allocated;
factor += cpi->third_pass_ctx->frame_info[i].bpm_factor;
count++;
}
// Is the rate control trending in the right direction. Only make // an adjustment if things are getting worse. if ((rate_err_factor < 1.0 && err_estimate >= 0) ||
(rate_err_factor > 1.0 && err_estimate <= 0)) {
twopass->bpm_factor *= rate_err_factor;
twopass->bpm_factor = AOMMAX(min_fac, AOMMIN(max_fac, twopass->bpm_factor));
}
}
// Similar to find_qindex_by_rate() function in ratectrl.c, but includes // calculation of a correction_factor. staticint find_qindex_by_rate_with_correction(uint64_t desired_bits_per_mb,
aom_bit_depth_t bit_depth, double error_per_mb, double group_weight_factor, int best_qindex, int worst_qindex) {
assert(best_qindex <= worst_qindex); int low = best_qindex; int high = worst_qindex;
/*!\brief Choose a target maximum Q for a group of frames * * \ingroup rate_control * * This function is used to estimate a suitable maximum Q for a * group of frames. Inititally it is called to get a crude estimate * for the whole clip. It is then called for each ARF/GF group to get * a revised estimate for that group. * * \param[in] cpi Top-level encoder structure * \param[in] av_frame_err The average per frame coded error score * for frames making up this section/group. * \param[in] inactive_zone Used to mask off /ignore part of the * frame. The most common use case is where * a wide format video (e.g. 16:9) is * letter-boxed into a more square format. * Here we want to ignore the bands at the * top and bottom. * \param[in] av_target_bandwidth The target bits per frame * * \return The maximum Q for frames in the group.
*/ staticint get_twopass_worst_quality(AV1_COMP *cpi, constdouble av_frame_err, double inactive_zone, int av_target_bandwidth) { const RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc; const AV1EncoderConfig *const oxcf = &cpi->oxcf; const RateControlCfg *const rc_cfg = &oxcf->rc_cfg;
inactive_zone = fclamp(inactive_zone, 0.0, 0.9999);
// Update bpm correction factor based on previous GOP rate error.
twopass_update_bpm_factor(cpi, rate_err_tol);
// Try and pick a max Q that will be high enough to encode the // content at the given rate. int q = find_qindex_by_rate_with_correction(
target_norm_bits_per_mb, cpi->common.seq_params->bit_depth,
av_err_per_mb,
cpi->ppi->twopass.bpm_factor * speed_factor * size_factor,
rc->best_quality, rc->worst_quality);
// Restriction on active max q for constrained quality mode. if (rc_cfg->mode == AOM_CQ) q = AOMMAX(q, rc_cfg->cq_level); return q;
}
}
/* This function considers how the quality of prediction may be deteriorating * with distance. It comapres the coded error for the last frame and the * second reference frame (usually two frames old) and also applies a factor * based on the extent of INTRA coding. * * The decay factor is then used to reduce the contribution of frames further * from the alt-ref or golden frame, to the bitframe boost calculation for that * alt-ref or golden frame.
*/ staticdouble get_sr_decay_rate(const FIRSTPASS_STATS *frame) { double sr_diff = (frame->sr_coded_error - frame->coded_error); double sr_decay = 1.0; double modified_pct_inter; double modified_pcnt_intra;
// This function gives an estimate of how badly we believe the prediction // quality is decaying from frame to frame. staticdouble get_zero_motion_factor(const FIRSTPASS_STATS *frame) { constdouble zero_motion_pct = frame->pcnt_inter - frame->pcnt_motion; double sr_decay = get_sr_decay_rate(frame); return AOMMIN(sr_decay, zero_motion_pct);
}
// Clamp value to range 0.0 to 1.0 // This should happen anyway if input values are sensibly clamped but checked // here just in case. if (zero_motion_factor > 1.0)
zero_motion_factor = 1.0; elseif (zero_motion_factor < 0.0)
zero_motion_factor = 0.0;
// Function to test for a condition where a complex transition is followed // by a static section. For example in slide shows where there is a fade // between slides. This is to help with more optimal kf and gf positioning. staticint detect_transition_to_still(const FIRSTPASS_INFO *firstpass_info, int next_stats_index, constint min_gf_interval, constint frame_interval, constint still_interval, constdouble loop_decay_rate, constdouble last_decay_rate) { // Break clause to detect very still sections after motion // For example a static image after a fade or other transition // instead of a clean scene cut. if (frame_interval > min_gf_interval && loop_decay_rate >= 0.999 &&
last_decay_rate < 0.9) { int stats_left =
av1_firstpass_info_future_count(firstpass_info, next_stats_index); if (stats_left >= still_interval) { int j; // Look ahead a few frames to see if static condition persists... for (j = 0; j < still_interval; ++j) { const FIRSTPASS_STATS *stats =
av1_firstpass_info_peek(firstpass_info, next_stats_index + j); if (stats->pcnt_inter - stats->pcnt_motion < 0.999) break;
} // Only if it does do we signal a transition to still. return j == still_interval;
}
} return 0;
}
// This function detects a flash through the high relative pcnt_second_ref // score in the frame following a flash frame. The offset passed in should // reflect this. staticint detect_flash(const TWO_PASS *twopass, const TWO_PASS_FRAME *twopass_frame, constint offset) { const FIRSTPASS_STATS *const next_frame =
read_frame_stats(twopass, twopass_frame, offset);
// What we are looking for here is a situation where there is a // brief break in prediction (such as a flash) but subsequent frames // are reasonably well predicted by an earlier (pre flash) frame. // The recovery after a flash is indicated by a high pcnt_second_ref // compared to pcnt_inter. return next_frame != NULL &&
next_frame->pcnt_second_ref > next_frame->pcnt_inter &&
next_frame->pcnt_second_ref >= 0.5;
}
// Update the motion related elements to the GF arf boost calculation. staticvoid accumulate_frame_motion_stats(const FIRSTPASS_STATS *stats,
GF_GROUP_STATS *gf_stats, double f_w, double f_h) { constdouble pct = stats->pcnt_motion;
// Accumulate a measure of how uniform (or conversely how random) the motion // field is (a ratio of abs(mv) / mv). if (pct > 0.05) { constdouble mvr_ratio =
fabs(stats->mvr_abs) / DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(fabs(stats->MVr)); constdouble mvc_ratio =
fabs(stats->mvc_abs) / DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(fabs(stats->MVc));
// Use a different error per mb factor for calculating boost for // different formats. if (screen_area <= 640 * 360) { return 500.0;
} else { return 1000.0;
}
}
// Underlying boost factor is based on inter error ratio.
frame_boost = AOMMAX(baseline_err_per_mb(frame_info) * active_area,
this_frame->intra_error * active_area) /
DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(this_frame->coded_error);
frame_boost = frame_boost * BOOST_FACTOR * boost_q_correction;
// Increase boost for frames where new data coming into frame (e.g. zoom out). // Slightly reduce boost if there is a net balance of motion out of the frame // (zoom in). The range for this_frame_mv_in_out is -1.0 to +1.0. if (this_frame_mv_in_out > 0.0)
frame_boost += frame_boost * (this_frame_mv_in_out * 2.0); // In the extreme case the boost is halved. else
frame_boost += frame_boost * (this_frame_mv_in_out / 2.0);
// Underlying boost factor is based on inter error ratio.
frame_boost = AOMMAX(baseline_err_per_mb(frame_info) * active_area,
this_frame->intra_error * active_area) /
DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(
(this_frame->coded_error + *sr_accumulator) * active_area);
// Update the accumulator for second ref error difference. // This is intended to give an indication of how much the coded error is // increasing over time.
*sr_accumulator += (this_frame->sr_coded_error - this_frame->coded_error);
*sr_accumulator = AOMMAX(0.0, *sr_accumulator);
// Q correction and scaling // The 40.0 value here is an experimentally derived baseline minimum. // This value is in line with the minimum per frame boost in the alt_ref // boost calculation.
frame_boost = ((frame_boost + 40.0) * boost_q_correction);
staticint get_projected_gfu_boost(const PRIMARY_RATE_CONTROL *p_rc, int gfu_boost, int frames_to_project, int num_stats_used_for_gfu_boost) { /* * If frames_to_project is equal to num_stats_used_for_gfu_boost, * it means that gfu_boost was calculated over frames_to_project to * begin with(ie; all stats required were available), hence return * the original boost.
*/ if (num_stats_used_for_gfu_boost >= frames_to_project) return gfu_boost;
double min_boost_factor = sqrt(p_rc->baseline_gf_interval); // Get the current tpl factor (number of frames = frames_to_project). double tpl_factor = av1_get_gfu_boost_projection_factor(
min_boost_factor, MAX_GFUBOOST_FACTOR, frames_to_project); // Get the tpl factor when number of frames = num_stats_used_for_prior_boost. double tpl_factor_num_stats = av1_get_gfu_boost_projection_factor(
min_boost_factor, MAX_GFUBOOST_FACTOR, num_stats_used_for_gfu_boost); int projected_gfu_boost =
(int)rint((tpl_factor * gfu_boost) / tpl_factor_num_stats); return projected_gfu_boost;
}
#define GF_MAX_BOOST 90.0 #define GF_MIN_BOOST 50 #define MIN_DECAY_FACTOR 0.01 int av1_calc_arf_boost(const TWO_PASS *twopass, const TWO_PASS_FRAME *twopass_frame, const PRIMARY_RATE_CONTROL *p_rc, FRAME_INFO *frame_info, int offset, int f_frames, int b_frames, int *num_fpstats_used, int *num_fpstats_required, int project_gfu_boost) { int i;
GF_GROUP_STATS gf_stats;
init_gf_stats(&gf_stats); double boost_score = (double)NORMAL_BOOST; int arf_boost; int flash_detected = 0; if (num_fpstats_used) *num_fpstats_used = 0;
// Search forward from the proposed arf/next gf position. for (i = 0; i < f_frames; ++i) { const FIRSTPASS_STATS *this_frame =
read_frame_stats(twopass, twopass_frame, i + offset); if (this_frame == NULL) break;
// Update the motion related elements to the boost calculation.
accumulate_frame_motion_stats(this_frame, &gf_stats,
frame_info->frame_width,
frame_info->frame_height);
// We want to discount the flash frame itself and the recovery // frame that follows as both will have poor scores.
flash_detected = detect_flash(twopass, twopass_frame, i + offset) ||
detect_flash(twopass, twopass_frame, i + offset + 1);
// Accumulate the effect of prediction quality decay. if (!flash_detected) {
gf_stats.decay_accumulator *= get_prediction_decay_rate(this_frame);
gf_stats.decay_accumulator = gf_stats.decay_accumulator < MIN_DECAY_FACTOR
? MIN_DECAY_FACTOR
: gf_stats.decay_accumulator;
}
// Reset for backward looking loop.
boost_score = 0.0;
init_gf_stats(&gf_stats); // Search backward towards last gf position. for (i = -1; i >= -b_frames; --i) { const FIRSTPASS_STATS *this_frame =
read_frame_stats(twopass, twopass_frame, i + offset); if (this_frame == NULL) break;
// Update the motion related elements to the boost calculation.
accumulate_frame_motion_stats(this_frame, &gf_stats,
frame_info->frame_width,
frame_info->frame_height);
// We want to discount the the flash frame itself and the recovery // frame that follows as both will have poor scores.
flash_detected = detect_flash(twopass, twopass_frame, i + offset) ||
detect_flash(twopass, twopass_frame, i + offset + 1);
// Calculate a section intra ratio used in setting max loop filter. staticint calculate_section_intra_ratio(const FIRSTPASS_STATS *begin, const FIRSTPASS_STATS *end, int section_length) { const FIRSTPASS_STATS *s = begin; double intra_error = 0.0; double coded_error = 0.0; int i = 0;
while (s < end && i < section_length) {
intra_error += s->intra_error;
coded_error += s->coded_error;
++s;
++i;
}
/*!\brief Calculates the bit target for this GF/ARF group * * \ingroup rate_control * * Calculates the total bits to allocate in this GF/ARF group. * * \param[in] cpi Top-level encoder structure * \param[in] gf_group_err Cumulative coded error score for the * frames making up this group. * * \return The target total number of bits for this GF/ARF group.
*/ static int64_t calculate_total_gf_group_bits(AV1_COMP *cpi, double gf_group_err) { const RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc; const PRIMARY_RATE_CONTROL *const p_rc = &cpi->ppi->p_rc; const TWO_PASS *const twopass = &cpi->ppi->twopass; constint max_bits = frame_max_bits(rc, &cpi->oxcf);
int64_t total_group_bits;
// Calculate the bits to be allocated to the group as a whole. if ((twopass->kf_group_bits > 0) && (twopass->kf_group_error_left > 0)) {
total_group_bits = (int64_t)(twopass->kf_group_bits *
(gf_group_err / twopass->kf_group_error_left));
} else {
total_group_bits = 0;
}
// Clip based on user supplied data rate variability limit. if (total_group_bits > (int64_t)max_bits * p_rc->baseline_gf_interval)
total_group_bits = (int64_t)max_bits * p_rc->baseline_gf_interval;
return total_group_bits;
}
// Calculate the number of bits to assign to boosted frames in a group. staticint calculate_boost_bits(int frame_count, int boost,
int64_t total_group_bits) { int allocation_chunks;
// return 0 for invalid inputs (could arise e.g. through rounding errors) if (!boost || (total_group_bits <= 0)) return 0;
if (frame_count <= 0) return (int)(AOMMIN(total_group_bits, INT_MAX));
// Calculate the number of extra bits for use in the boosted frame or frames. return AOMMAX((int)(((int64_t)boost * total_group_bits) / allocation_chunks),
0);
}
// Calculate the boost factor based on the number of bits assigned, i.e. the // inverse of calculate_boost_bits(). staticint calculate_boost_factor(int frame_count, int bits,
int64_t total_group_bits) { return (int)(100.0 * frame_count * bits / (total_group_bits - bits));
}
// Reduce the number of bits assigned to keyframe or arf if necessary, to // prevent bitrate spikes that may break level constraints. // frame_type: 0: keyframe; 1: arf. staticint adjust_boost_bits_for_target_level(const AV1_COMP *const cpi,
RATE_CONTROL *const rc, int bits_assigned,
int64_t group_bits, int frame_type) { const AV1_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common; const SequenceHeader *const seq_params = cm->seq_params;
PRIMARY_RATE_CONTROL *const p_rc = &cpi->ppi->p_rc; constint temporal_layer_id = cm->temporal_layer_id; constint spatial_layer_id = cm->spatial_layer_id; for (int index = 0; index < seq_params->operating_points_cnt_minus_1 + 1;
++index) { if (!is_in_operating_point(seq_params->operating_point_idc[index],
temporal_layer_id, spatial_layer_id)) { continue;
}
const AV1_LEVEL target_level =
cpi->ppi->level_params.target_seq_level_idx[index]; if (target_level >= SEQ_LEVELS) continue;
assert(is_valid_seq_level_idx(target_level));
constdouble level_bitrate_limit = av1_get_max_bitrate_for_level(
target_level, seq_params->tier[0], seq_params->profile); constint target_bits_per_frame =
(int)(level_bitrate_limit / cpi->framerate); if (frame_type == 0) { // Maximum bits for keyframe is 8 times the target_bits_per_frame. constint level_enforced_max_kf_bits = target_bits_per_frame * 8; if (bits_assigned > level_enforced_max_kf_bits) { constint frames = rc->frames_to_key - 1;
p_rc->kf_boost = calculate_boost_factor(
frames, level_enforced_max_kf_bits, group_bits);
bits_assigned =
calculate_boost_bits(frames, p_rc->kf_boost, group_bits);
}
} elseif (frame_type == 1) { // Maximum bits for arf is 4 times the target_bits_per_frame. constint level_enforced_max_arf_bits = target_bits_per_frame * 4; if (bits_assigned > level_enforced_max_arf_bits) {
p_rc->gfu_boost =
calculate_boost_factor(p_rc->baseline_gf_interval,
level_enforced_max_arf_bits, group_bits);
bits_assigned = calculate_boost_bits(p_rc->baseline_gf_interval,
p_rc->gfu_boost, group_bits);
}
} else {
assert(0);
}
}
return bits_assigned;
}
// Allocate bits to each frame in a GF / ARF group staticvoid allocate_gf_group_bits(GF_GROUP *gf_group,
PRIMARY_RATE_CONTROL *const p_rc,
RATE_CONTROL *const rc,
int64_t gf_group_bits, int gf_arf_bits, int key_frame, int use_arf) { staticconstdouble layer_fraction[MAX_ARF_LAYERS + 1] = { 1.0, 0.70, 0.55,
0.60, 0.60, 1.0,
1.0 };
int64_t total_group_bits = gf_group_bits; int base_frame_bits; constint gf_group_size = gf_group->size; int layer_frames[MAX_ARF_LAYERS + 1] = { 0 };
// For key frames the frame target rate is already set and it // is also the golden frame. // === [frame_index == 0] === int frame_index = !!key_frame;
// Subtract the extra bits set aside for ARF frames from the Group Total if (use_arf) total_group_bits -= gf_arf_bits;
// Check the number of frames in each layer in case we have a // non standard group length. int max_arf_layer = gf_group->max_layer_depth - 1; for (int idx = frame_index; idx < gf_group_size; ++idx) { if ((gf_group->update_type[idx] == ARF_UPDATE) ||
(gf_group->update_type[idx] == INTNL_ARF_UPDATE)) {
layer_frames[gf_group->layer_depth[idx]]++;
}
}
// Allocate extra bits to each ARF layer int i; int layer_extra_bits[MAX_ARF_LAYERS + 1] = { 0 };
assert(max_arf_layer <= MAX_ARF_LAYERS); for (i = 1; i <= max_arf_layer; ++i) { double fraction = (i == max_arf_layer) ? 1.0 : layer_fraction[i];
layer_extra_bits[i] =
(int)((gf_arf_bits * fraction) / AOMMAX(1, layer_frames[i]));
gf_arf_bits -= (int)(gf_arf_bits * fraction);
}
// Now combine ARF layer and baseline bits to give total bits for each frame. int arf_extra_bits; for (int idx = frame_index; idx < gf_group_size; ++idx) { switch (gf_group->update_type[idx]) { case ARF_UPDATE: case INTNL_ARF_UPDATE:
arf_extra_bits = layer_extra_bits[gf_group->layer_depth[idx]];
gf_group->bit_allocation[idx] =
(base_frame_bits > INT_MAX - arf_extra_bits)
? INT_MAX
: (base_frame_bits + arf_extra_bits); break; case INTNL_OVERLAY_UPDATE: case OVERLAY_UPDATE: gf_group->bit_allocation[idx] = 0; break; default: gf_group->bit_allocation[idx] = base_frame_bits; break;
}
}
// Set the frame following the current GOP to 0 bit allocation. For ARF // groups, this next frame will be overlay frame, which is the first frame // in the next GOP. For GF group, next GOP will overwrite the rate allocation. // Setting this frame to use 0 bit (of out the current GOP budget) will // simplify logics in reference frame management. if (gf_group_size < MAX_STATIC_GF_GROUP_LENGTH)
gf_group->bit_allocation[gf_group_size] = 0;
}
// Returns true if KF group and GF group both are almost completely static. staticinlineint is_almost_static(double gf_zero_motion, int kf_zero_motion, int is_lap_enabled) { if (is_lap_enabled) { /* * when LAP enabled kf_zero_motion is not reliable, so use strict * constraint on gf_zero_motion.
*/ return (gf_zero_motion >= 0.999);
} else { return (gf_zero_motion >= 0.995) &&
(kf_zero_motion >= STATIC_KF_GROUP_THRESH);
}
}
#define ARF_ABS_ZOOM_THRESH 4.4 staticinlineint detect_gf_cut(AV1_COMP *cpi, int frame_index, int cur_start, int flash_detected, int active_max_gf_interval, int active_min_gf_interval,
GF_GROUP_STATS *gf_stats) {
RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
TWO_PASS *const twopass = &cpi->ppi->twopass;
AV1_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common; // Motion breakout threshold for loop below depends on image size. constdouble mv_ratio_accumulator_thresh = (cm->height + cm->width) / 4.0;
if (!flash_detected) { // Break clause to detect very still sections after motion. For example, // a static image after a fade or other transition.
// TODO(angiebird): This is a temporary change, we will avoid using // twopass_frame.stats_in in the follow-up CL int index = (int)(cpi->twopass_frame.stats_in -
twopass->stats_buf_ctx->stats_in_start); if (detect_transition_to_still(&twopass->firstpass_info, index,
rc->min_gf_interval, frame_index - cur_start,
5, gf_stats->loop_decay_rate,
gf_stats->last_loop_decay_rate)) { return 1;
}
}
// Some conditions to breakout after min interval. if (frame_index - cur_start >= active_min_gf_interval && // If possible don't break very close to a kf
(rc->frames_to_key - frame_index >= rc->min_gf_interval) &&
((frame_index - cur_start) & 0x01) && !flash_detected &&
(gf_stats->mv_ratio_accumulator > mv_ratio_accumulator_thresh ||
gf_stats->abs_mv_in_out_accumulator > ARF_ABS_ZOOM_THRESH)) { return 1;
}
// If almost totally static, we will not use the the max GF length later, // so we can continue for more frames. if (((frame_index - cur_start) >= active_max_gf_interval + 1) &&
!is_almost_static(gf_stats->zero_motion_accumulator,
twopass->kf_zeromotion_pct, cpi->ppi->lap_enabled)) { return 1;
} return 0;
}
if (gop_length_decision_method == 2) { // GF group length is decided based on GF boost and tpl stats of ARFs from // base layer, (base+1) layer.
shorten_gf_interval =
(p_rc->gfu_boost <
p_rc->num_stats_used_for_gfu_boost * GF_MIN_BOOST * 1.4) &&
!av1_tpl_setup_stats(cpi, 3, frame_params);
} else { int do_complete_tpl = 1;
GF_GROUP *const gf_group = &cpi->ppi->gf_group; int is_temporal_filter_enabled =
(rc->frames_since_key > 0 && gf_group->arf_index > -1);
if (gop_length_decision_method == 1) { // Check if tpl stats of ARFs from base layer, (base+1) layer, // (base+2) layer can decide the GF group length. int gop_length_eval = av1_tpl_setup_stats(cpi, 2, frame_params);
if (do_complete_tpl) { // Decide GF group length based on complete tpl stats.
shorten_gf_interval = !av1_tpl_setup_stats(cpi, 1, frame_params); // Tpl stats is reused when the ARF is temporally filtered and GF // interval is not shortened. if (is_temporal_filter_enabled && !shorten_gf_interval) {
cpi->skip_tpl_setup_stats = 1; #if CONFIG_BITRATE_ACCURACY && !CONFIG_THREE_PASS
assert(cpi->gf_frame_index == 0);
av1_vbr_rc_update_q_index_list(&cpi->vbr_rc_info, &cpi->ppi->tpl_data,
gf_group,
cpi->common.seq_params->bit_depth); #endif// CONFIG_BITRATE_ACCURACY
}
}
} return shorten_gf_interval;
}
#define MIN_SHRINK_LEN 6 // the minimum length of gf if we are shrinking #define SMOOTH_FILT_LEN 7 #define HALF_FILT_LEN (SMOOTH_FILT_LEN / 2) #define WINDOW_SIZE 7 #define HALF_WIN (WINDOW_SIZE / 2)
// Smooth filter intra_error and coded_error in firstpass stats. // If stats[i].is_flash==1, the ith element should not be used in the filtering. staticvoid smooth_filter_stats(const FIRSTPASS_STATS *stats, int start_idx, int last_idx, double *filt_intra_err, double *filt_coded_err) { // A 7-tap gaussian smooth filter staticconstdouble smooth_filt[SMOOTH_FILT_LEN] = { 0.006, 0.061, 0.242,
0.383, 0.242, 0.061,
0.006 }; int i, j; for (i = start_idx; i <= last_idx; i++) { double total_wt = 0; for (j = -HALF_FILT_LEN; j <= HALF_FILT_LEN; j++) { int idx = AOMMIN(AOMMAX(i + j, start_idx), last_idx); if (stats[idx].is_flash) continue;
filt_intra_err[i] +=
smooth_filt[j + HALF_FILT_LEN] * stats[idx].intra_error;
total_wt += smooth_filt[j + HALF_FILT_LEN];
} if (total_wt > 0.01) {
filt_intra_err[i] /= total_wt;
} else {
filt_intra_err[i] = stats[i].intra_error;
}
} for (i = start_idx; i <= last_idx; i++) { double total_wt = 0; for (j = -HALF_FILT_LEN; j <= HALF_FILT_LEN; j++) { int idx = AOMMIN(AOMMAX(i + j, start_idx), last_idx); // Coded error involves idx and idx - 1. if (stats[idx].is_flash || (idx > 0 && stats[idx - 1].is_flash)) continue;
// Calculate gradient staticvoid get_gradient(constdouble *values, int start, int last, double *grad) { if (start == last) {
grad[start] = 0; return;
} for (int i = start; i <= last; i++) { int prev = AOMMAX(i - 1, start); int next = AOMMIN(i + 1, last);
grad[i] = (values[next] - values[prev]) / (next - prev);
}
}
staticint find_next_scenecut(const FIRSTPASS_STATS *const stats_start, int first, int last) { // Identify unstable areas caused by scenecuts. // Find the max and 2nd max coded error, and the average of the rest frames. // If there is only one frame that yields a huge coded error, it is likely a // scenecut. double this_ratio, max_prev_ratio, max_next_ratio, max_prev_coded,
max_next_coded;
if (last - first == 0) return -1;
for (int i = first; i <= last; i++) { if (stats_start[i].is_flash || (i > 0 && stats_start[i - 1].is_flash)) continue; double temp_intra = AOMMAX(stats_start[i].intra_error, 0.01);
this_ratio = stats_start[i].coded_error / temp_intra; // find the avg ratio in the preceding neighborhood
max_prev_ratio = 0;
max_prev_coded = 0; for (int j = AOMMAX(first, i - HALF_WIN); j < i; j++) { if (stats_start[j].is_flash || (j > 0 && stats_start[j - 1].is_flash)) continue;
temp_intra = AOMMAX(stats_start[j].intra_error, 0.01); double temp_ratio = stats_start[j].coded_error / temp_intra; if (temp_ratio > max_prev_ratio) {
max_prev_ratio = temp_ratio;
} if (stats_start[j].coded_error > max_prev_coded) {
max_prev_coded = stats_start[j].coded_error;
}
} // find the avg ratio in the following neighborhood
max_next_ratio = 0;
max_next_coded = 0; for (int j = i + 1; j <= AOMMIN(i + HALF_WIN, last); j++) { if (stats_start[i].is_flash || (i > 0 && stats_start[i - 1].is_flash)) continue;
temp_intra = AOMMAX(stats_start[j].intra_error, 0.01); double temp_ratio = stats_start[j].coded_error / temp_intra; if (temp_ratio > max_next_ratio) {
max_next_ratio = temp_ratio;
} if (stats_start[j].coded_error > max_next_coded) {
max_next_coded = stats_start[j].coded_error;
}
}
if (max_prev_ratio < 0.001 && max_next_ratio < 0.001) { // the ratios are very small, only check a small fixed threshold if (this_ratio < 0.02) continue;
} else { // check if this frame has a larger ratio than the neighborhood double max_sr = stats_start[i].sr_coded_error; if (i < last) max_sr = AOMMAX(max_sr, stats_start[i + 1].sr_coded_error); double max_sr_fr_ratio =
max_sr / AOMMAX(stats_start[i].coded_error, 0.01);
// Remove the region with index next_region. // parameter merge: 0: merge with previous; 1: merge with next; 2: // merge with both, take type from previous if possible // After removing, next_region will be the index of the next region. staticvoid remove_region(int merge, REGIONS *regions, int *num_regions, int *next_region) { int k = *next_region;
assert(k < *num_regions); if (*num_regions == 1) {
*num_regions = 0; return;
} if (k == 0) {
merge = 1;
} elseif (k == *num_regions - 1) {
merge = 0;
} int num_merge = (merge == 2) ? 2 : 1; switch (merge) { case 0:
regions[k - 1].last = regions[k].last;
*next_region = k; break; case 1:
regions[k + 1].start = regions[k].start;
*next_region = k + 1; break; case 2:
regions[k - 1].last = regions[k + 1].last;
*next_region = k; break; default: assert(0);
}
*num_regions -= num_merge; for (k = *next_region - (merge == 1); k < *num_regions; k++) {
regions[k] = regions[k + num_merge];
}
}
// Insert a region in the cur_region_idx. The start and last should both be in // the current region. After insertion, the cur_region_idx will point to the // last region that was splitted from the original region. staticvoid insert_region(int start, int last, REGION_TYPES type,
REGIONS *regions, int *num_regions, int *cur_region_idx) { int k = *cur_region_idx;
REGION_TYPES this_region_type = regions[k].type; int this_region_last = regions[k].last; int num_add = (start != regions[k].start) + (last != regions[k].last); // move the following regions further to the back for (int r = *num_regions - 1; r > k; r--) {
regions[r + num_add] = regions[r];
}
*num_regions += num_add; if (start > regions[k].start) {
regions[k].last = start - 1;
k++;
regions[k].start = start;
}
regions[k].type = type; if (last < this_region_last) {
regions[k].last = last;
k++;
regions[k].start = last + 1;
regions[k].last = this_region_last;
regions[k].type = this_region_type;
} else {
regions[k].last = this_region_last;
}
*cur_region_idx = k;
}
// Get the average of stats inside a region. staticvoid analyze_region(const FIRSTPASS_STATS *stats, int k,
REGIONS *regions) { int i;
regions[k].avg_cor_coeff = 0;
regions[k].avg_sr_fr_ratio = 0;
regions[k].avg_intra_err = 0;
regions[k].avg_coded_err = 0;
int check_first_sr = (k != 0);
for (i = regions[k].start; i <= regions[k].last; i++) { if (i > regions[k].start || check_first_sr) { double num_frames =
(double)(regions[k].last - regions[k].start + check_first_sr); double max_coded_error =
AOMMAX(stats[i].coded_error, stats[i - 1].coded_error); double this_ratio =
stats[i].sr_coded_error / AOMMAX(max_coded_error, 0.001);
regions[k].avg_sr_fr_ratio += this_ratio / num_frames;
}
// Calculate the regions stats of every region. staticvoid get_region_stats(const FIRSTPASS_STATS *stats, REGIONS *regions, int num_regions) { for (int k = 0; k < num_regions; k++) {
analyze_region(stats, k, regions);
}
}
// Find tentative stable regions staticint find_stable_regions(const FIRSTPASS_STATS *stats, constdouble *grad_coded, int this_start, int this_last, REGIONS *regions) { int i, j, k = 0;
regions[k].start = this_start; for (i = this_start; i <= this_last; i++) { // Check mean and variance of stats in a window double mean_intra = 0.001, var_intra = 0.001; double mean_coded = 0.001, var_coded = 0.001; int count = 0; for (j = -HALF_WIN; j <= HALF_WIN; j++) { int idx = AOMMIN(AOMMAX(i + j, this_start), this_last); if (stats[idx].is_flash || (idx > 0 && stats[idx - 1].is_flash)) continue;
mean_intra += stats[idx].intra_error;
var_intra += stats[idx].intra_error * stats[idx].intra_error;
mean_coded += stats[idx].coded_error;
var_coded += stats[idx].coded_error * stats[idx].coded_error;
count++;
}
// mark a new region if type changes if (i == regions[k].start) { // first frame in the region
regions[k].type = cur_type;
} elseif (cur_type != regions[k].type) { // Append a new region
regions[k].last = i - 1;
regions[k + 1].start = i;
regions[k + 1].type = cur_type;
k++;
}
}
regions[k].last = this_last; return k + 1;
}
// Clean up regions that should be removed or merged. staticvoid cleanup_regions(REGIONS *regions, int *num_regions) { int k = 0; while (k < *num_regions) { if ((k > 0 && regions[k - 1].type == regions[k].type &&
regions[k].type != SCENECUT_REGION) ||
regions[k].last < regions[k].start) {
remove_region(0, regions, num_regions, &k);
} else {
k++;
}
}
}
// Remove regions that are of type and shorter than length. // Merge it with its neighboring regions. staticvoid remove_short_regions(REGIONS *regions, int *num_regions,
REGION_TYPES type, int length) { int k = 0; while (k < *num_regions && (*num_regions) > 1) { if ((regions[k].last - regions[k].start + 1 < length &&
regions[k].type == type)) { // merge current region with the previous and next regions
remove_region(2, regions, num_regions, &k);
} else {
k++;
}
}
cleanup_regions(regions, num_regions);
}
staticvoid adjust_unstable_region_bounds(const FIRSTPASS_STATS *stats,
REGIONS *regions, int *num_regions) { int i, j, k; // Remove regions that are too short. Likely noise.
remove_short_regions(regions, num_regions, STABLE_REGION, HALF_WIN);
remove_short_regions(regions, num_regions, HIGH_VAR_REGION, HALF_WIN);
get_region_stats(stats, regions, *num_regions);
// Adjust region boundaries. The thresholds are empirically obtained, but // overall the performance is not very sensitive to small changes to them. for (k = 0; k < *num_regions; k++) { if (regions[k].type == STABLE_REGION) continue; if (k > 0) { // Adjust previous boundary. // First find the average intra/coded error in the previous // neighborhood. double avg_intra_err = 0; constint starti = AOMMAX(regions[k - 1].last - WINDOW_SIZE + 1,
regions[k - 1].start + 1); constint lasti = regions[k - 1].last; int counti = 0; for (i = starti; i <= lasti; i++) {
avg_intra_err += stats[i].intra_error;
counti++;
} if (counti > 0) {
avg_intra_err = AOMMAX(avg_intra_err / (double)counti, 0.001); int count_coded = 0, count_grad = 0; for (j = lasti + 1; j <= regions[k].last; j++) { constint intra_close =
fabs(stats[j].intra_error - avg_intra_err) / avg_intra_err < 0.1; constint coded_small = stats[j].coded_error / avg_intra_err < 0.1; constint coeff_close = stats[j].cor_coeff > 0.995; if (!coeff_close || !coded_small) count_coded--; if (intra_close && count_coded >= 0 && count_grad >= 0) { // this frame probably belongs to the previous stable region
regions[k - 1].last = j;
regions[k].start = j + 1;
} else { break;
}
}
}
} // if k > 0 if (k < *num_regions - 1) { // Adjust next boundary. // First find the average intra/coded error in the next neighborhood. double avg_intra_err = 0; constint starti = regions[k + 1].start; constint lasti = AOMMIN(regions[k + 1].last - 1,
regions[k + 1].start + WINDOW_SIZE - 1); int counti = 0; for (i = starti; i <= lasti; i++) {
avg_intra_err += stats[i].intra_error;
counti++;
} if (counti > 0) {
avg_intra_err = AOMMAX(avg_intra_err / (double)counti, 0.001); // At the boundary, coded error is large, but still the frame is stable int count_coded = 1, count_grad = 1; for (j = starti - 1; j >= regions[k].start; j--) { constint intra_close =
fabs(stats[j].intra_error - avg_intra_err) / avg_intra_err < 0.1; constint coded_small =
stats[j + 1].coded_error / avg_intra_err < 0.1; constint coeff_close = stats[j].cor_coeff > 0.995; if (!coeff_close || !coded_small) count_coded--; if (intra_close && count_coded >= 0 && count_grad >= 0) { // this frame probably belongs to the next stable region
regions[k + 1].start = j;
regions[k].last = j - 1;
} else { break;
}
}
}
} // if k < *num_regions - 1
} // end of loop over all regions
// If a stable regions has higher error than neighboring high var regions, // or if the stable region has a lower average correlation, // then it should be merged with them
k = 0; while (k < *num_regions && (*num_regions) > 1) { if (regions[k].type == STABLE_REGION &&
(regions[k].last - regions[k].start + 1) < 2 * WINDOW_SIZE &&
((k > 0 && // previous regions
(regions[k].avg_coded_err > regions[k - 1].avg_coded_err * 1.01 ||
regions[k].avg_cor_coeff < regions[k - 1].avg_cor_coeff * 0.999)) &&
(k < *num_regions - 1 && // next region
(regions[k].avg_coded_err > regions[k + 1].avg_coded_err * 1.01 ||
regions[k].avg_cor_coeff < regions[k + 1].avg_cor_coeff * 0.999)))) { // merge current region with the previous and next regions
remove_region(2, regions, num_regions, &k);
analyze_region(stats, k - 1, regions);
} elseif (regions[k].type == HIGH_VAR_REGION &&
(regions[k].last - regions[k].start + 1) < 2 * WINDOW_SIZE &&
((k > 0 && // previous regions
(regions[k].avg_coded_err <
regions[k - 1].avg_coded_err * 0.99 ||
regions[k].avg_cor_coeff >
regions[k - 1].avg_cor_coeff * 1.001)) &&
(k < *num_regions - 1 && // next region
(regions[k].avg_coded_err <
regions[k + 1].avg_coded_err * 0.99 ||
regions[k].avg_cor_coeff >
regions[k + 1].avg_cor_coeff * 1.001)))) { // merge current region with the previous and next regions
remove_region(2, regions, num_regions, &k);
analyze_region(stats, k - 1, regions);
} else {
k++;
}
}
// Identify blending regions. staticvoid find_blending_regions(const FIRSTPASS_STATS *stats,
REGIONS *regions, int *num_regions) { int i, k = 0; // Blending regions will have large content change, therefore will have a // large consistent change in intra error. int count_stable = 0; while (k < *num_regions) { if (regions[k].type == STABLE_REGION) {
k++;
count_stable++; continue;
} int dir = 0; int start = 0, last; for (i = regions[k].start; i <= regions[k].last; i++) { // First mark the regions that has consistent large change of intra error. if (k == 0 && i == regions[k].start) continue; if (stats[i].is_flash || (i > 0 && stats[i - 1].is_flash)) continue; double grad = stats[i].intra_error - stats[i - 1].intra_error; int large_change = fabs(grad) / AOMMAX(stats[i].intra_error, 0.01) > 0.05; int this_dir = 0; if (large_change) {
this_dir = (grad > 0) ? 1 : -1;
} // the current trend continues if (dir == this_dir) continue; if (dir != 0) { // Mark the end of a new large change group and add it
last = i - 1;
insert_region(start, last, BLENDING_REGION, regions, num_regions, &k);
}
dir = this_dir; if (k == 0 && i == regions[k].start + 1) {
start = i - 1;
} else {
start = i;
}
} if (dir != 0) {
last = regions[k].last;
insert_region(start, last, BLENDING_REGION, regions, num_regions, &k);
}
k++;
}
// If the blending region has very low correlation, mark it as high variance // since we probably cannot benefit from it anyways.
get_region_stats(stats, regions, *num_regions); for (k = 0; k < *num_regions; k++) { if (regions[k].type != BLENDING_REGION) continue; if (regions[k].last == regions[k].start || regions[k].avg_cor_coeff < 0.6 ||
count_stable == 0)
regions[k].type = HIGH_VAR_REGION;
}
get_region_stats(stats, regions, *num_regions);
// It is possible for blending to result in a "dip" in intra error (first // decrease then increase). Therefore we need to find the dip and combine the // two regions.
k = 1; while (k < *num_regions) { if (k < *num_regions - 1 && regions[k].type == HIGH_VAR_REGION) { // Check if this short high variance regions is actually in the middle of // a blending region. if (regions[k - 1].type == BLENDING_REGION &&
regions[k + 1].type == BLENDING_REGION &&
regions[k].last - regions[k].start < 3) { int prev_dir = (stats[regions[k - 1].last].intra_error -
stats[regions[k - 1].last - 1].intra_error) > 0
? 1
: -1; int next_dir = (stats[regions[k + 1].last].intra_error -
stats[regions[k + 1].last - 1].intra_error) > 0
? 1
: -1; if (prev_dir < 0 && next_dir > 0) { // This is possibly a mid region of blending. Check the ratios double ratio_thres = AOMMIN(regions[k - 1].avg_sr_fr_ratio,
regions[k + 1].avg_sr_fr_ratio) *
0.95; if (regions[k].avg_sr_fr_ratio > ratio_thres) {
regions[k].type = BLENDING_REGION;
remove_region(2, regions, num_regions, &k);
analyze_region(stats, k - 1, regions); continue;
}
}
}
} // Check if we have a pair of consecutive blending regions. if (regions[k - 1].type == BLENDING_REGION &&
regions[k].type == BLENDING_REGION) { int prev_dir = (stats[regions[k - 1].last].intra_error -
stats[regions[k - 1].last - 1].intra_error) > 0
? 1
: -1; int next_dir = (stats[regions[k].last].intra_error -
stats[regions[k].last - 1].intra_error) > 0
? 1
: -1;
// if both are too short, no need to check int total_length = regions[k].last - regions[k - 1].start + 1; if (total_length < 4) {
regions[k - 1].type = HIGH_VAR_REGION;
k++; continue;
}
int to_merge = 0; if (prev_dir < 0 && next_dir > 0) { // In this case we check the last frame in the previous region. double prev_length =
(double)(regions[k - 1].last - regions[k - 1].start + 1); double last_ratio, ratio_thres; if (prev_length < 2.01) { // if the previous region is very short double max_coded_error =
AOMMAX(stats[regions[k - 1].last].coded_error,
stats[regions[k - 1].last - 1].coded_error);
last_ratio = stats[regions[k - 1].last].sr_coded_error /
AOMMAX(max_coded_error, 0.001);
ratio_thres = regions[k].avg_sr_fr_ratio * 0.95;
} else { double max_coded_error =
AOMMAX(stats[regions[k - 1].last].coded_error,
stats[regions[k - 1].last - 1].coded_error);
last_ratio = stats[regions[k - 1].last].sr_coded_error /
AOMMAX(max_coded_error, 0.001); double prev_ratio =
(regions[k - 1].avg_sr_fr_ratio * prev_length - last_ratio) /
(prev_length - 1.0);
ratio_thres = AOMMIN(prev_ratio, regions[k].avg_sr_fr_ratio) * 0.95;
} if (last_ratio > ratio_thres) {
to_merge = 1;
}
}
if (to_merge) {
remove_region(0, regions, num_regions, &k);
analyze_region(stats, k - 1, regions); continue;
} else { // These are possibly two separate blending regions. Mark the boundary // frame as HIGH_VAR_REGION to separate the two. int prev_k = k - 1;
insert_region(regions[prev_k].last, regions[prev_k].last,
HIGH_VAR_REGION, regions, num_regions, &prev_k);
analyze_region(stats, prev_k, regions);
k = prev_k + 1;
analyze_region(stats, k, regions);
}
}
k++;
}
cleanup_regions(regions, num_regions);
}
// Clean up decision for blendings. Remove blending regions that are too short. // Also if a very short high var region is between a blending and a stable // region, just merge it with one of them. staticvoid cleanup_blendings(REGIONS *regions, int *num_regions) { int k = 0; while (k<*num_regions && * num_regions> 1) { int is_short_blending = regions[k].type == BLENDING_REGION &&
regions[k].last - regions[k].start + 1 < 5; int is_short_hv = regions[k].type == HIGH_VAR_REGION &&
regions[k].last - regions[k].start + 1 < 5; int has_stable_neighbor =
((k > 0 && regions[k - 1].type == STABLE_REGION) ||
(k < *num_regions - 1 && regions[k + 1].type == STABLE_REGION)); int has_blend_neighbor =
((k > 0 && regions[k - 1].type == BLENDING_REGION) ||
(k < *num_regions - 1 && regions[k + 1].type == BLENDING_REGION)); int total_neighbors = (k > 0) + (k < *num_regions - 1);
if (is_short_blending ||
(is_short_hv &&
has_stable_neighbor + has_blend_neighbor >= total_neighbors)) { // Remove this region.Try to determine whether to combine it with the // previous or next region. int merge; double prev_diff =
(k > 0)
? fabs(regions[k].avg_cor_coeff - regions[k - 1].avg_cor_coeff)
: 1; double next_diff =
(k < *num_regions - 1)
? fabs(regions[k].avg_cor_coeff - regions[k + 1].avg_cor_coeff)
: 1; // merge == 0 means to merge with previous, 1 means to merge with next
merge = prev_diff > next_diff;
remove_region(merge, regions, num_regions, &k);
} else {
k++;
}
}
cleanup_regions(regions, num_regions);
}
// Identify stable and unstable regions from first pass stats. // stats_start points to the first frame to analyze. // |offset| is the offset from the current frame to the frame stats_start is // pointing to. // Returns 0 on success, -1 on memory allocation failure. staticint identify_regions(const FIRSTPASS_STATS *const stats_start, int total_frames, int offset, REGIONS *regions, int *total_regions) { int k; if (total_frames <= 1) return 0;
// find tentative stable regions and unstable regions int num_regions = find_stable_regions(stats_start, grad_coded, this_start,
this_last, temp_regions);
// Try to identify blending regions in the unstable regions
find_blending_regions(stats_start, temp_regions, &num_regions);
cleanup_blendings(temp_regions, &num_regions);
// The flash points should all be considered high variance points
k = 0; while (k < num_regions) { if (temp_regions[k].type != STABLE_REGION) {
k++; continue;
} int start = temp_regions[k].start; int last = temp_regions[k].last; for (int i = start; i <= last; i++) { if (stats_start[i].is_flash) {
insert_region(i, i, HIGH_VAR_REGION, temp_regions, &num_regions, &k);
}
}
k++;
}
cleanup_regions(temp_regions, &num_regions);
// copy the regions in the scenecut group for (k = 0; k < num_regions; k++) { if (temp_regions[k].last < temp_regions[k].start &&
k == num_regions - 1) {
num_regions--; break;
}
regions[k + cur_region] = temp_regions[k];
}
cur_region += num_regions;
// add the scenecut region if (next_scenecut > -1) { // add the scenecut region, and find the next scenecut
regions[cur_region].type = SCENECUT_REGION;
regions[cur_region].start = next_scenecut;
regions[cur_region].last = next_scenecut;
cur_region++;
this_start = next_scenecut + 1;
}
} while (next_scenecut >= 0);
for (k = 0; k < *total_regions; k++) { // If scenecuts are very minor, mark them as high variance. if (regions[k].type != SCENECUT_REGION ||
regions[k].avg_cor_coeff *
(1 - stats_start[regions[k].start].noise_var /
regions[k].avg_intra_err) <
0.8) { continue;
}
regions[k].type = HIGH_VAR_REGION;
}
cleanup_regions(regions, total_regions);
get_region_stats(stats_start, regions, *total_regions);
for (k = 0; k < *total_regions; k++) {
regions[k].start += offset;
regions[k].last += offset;
}
staticint find_regions_index(const REGIONS *regions, int num_regions, int frame_idx) { for (int k = 0; k < num_regions; k++) { if (regions[k].start <= frame_idx && regions[k].last >= frame_idx) { return k;
}
} return -1;
}
/*!\brief Determine the length of future GF groups. * * \ingroup gf_group_algo * This function decides the gf group length of future frames in batch * * \param[in] cpi Top-level encoder structure * \param[in] max_gop_length Maximum length of the GF group * \param[in] max_intervals Maximum number of intervals to decide * * \remark Nothing is returned. Instead, cpi->ppi->rc.gf_intervals is * changed to store the decided GF group lengths.
*/ staticvoid calculate_gf_length(AV1_COMP *cpi, int max_gop_length, int max_intervals) {
RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
PRIMARY_RATE_CONTROL *const p_rc = &cpi->ppi->p_rc;
TWO_PASS *const twopass = &cpi->ppi->twopass;
FIRSTPASS_STATS next_frame; const FIRSTPASS_STATS *const start_pos = cpi->twopass_frame.stats_in; const FIRSTPASS_STATS *const stats = start_pos - (rc->frames_since_key == 0);
constint f_w = cpi->common.width; constint f_h = cpi->common.height; int i;
int flash_detected;
av1_zero(next_frame);
if (has_no_stats_stage(cpi)) { for (i = 0; i < MAX_NUM_GF_INTERVALS; i++) {
p_rc->gf_intervals[i] = AOMMIN(rc->max_gf_interval, max_gop_length);
}
p_rc->cur_gf_index = 0;
rc->intervals_till_gf_calculate_due = MAX_NUM_GF_INTERVALS; return;
}
// TODO(urvang): Try logic to vary min and max interval based on q. constint active_min_gf_interval = rc->min_gf_interval; constint active_max_gf_interval =
AOMMIN(rc->max_gf_interval, max_gop_length); constint min_shrink_int = AOMMAX(MIN_SHRINK_LEN, active_min_gf_interval);
i = (rc->frames_since_key == 0);
max_intervals = cpi->ppi->lap_enabled ? 1 : max_intervals; int count_cuts = 1; // If cpi->gf_state.arf_gf_boost_lst is 0, we are starting with a KF or GF. int cur_start = -1 + !cpi->ppi->gf_state.arf_gf_boost_lst, cur_last; int cut_pos[MAX_NUM_GF_INTERVALS + 1] = { -1 }; int cut_here;
GF_GROUP_STATS gf_stats;
init_gf_stats(&gf_stats); while (count_cuts < max_intervals + 1) { // reaches next key frame, break here if (i >= rc->frames_to_key) {
cut_here = 2;
} elseif (i - cur_start >= rc->static_scene_max_gf_interval) { // reached maximum len, but nothing special yet (almost static) // let's look at the next interval
cut_here = 1;
} elseif (EOF == input_stats(twopass, &cpi->twopass_frame, &next_frame)) { // reaches last frame, break
cut_here = 2;
} else { // Test for the case where there is a brief flash but the prediction // quality back to an earlier frame is then restored.
flash_detected = detect_flash(twopass, &cpi->twopass_frame, 0); // TODO(bohanli): remove redundant accumulations here, or unify // this and the ones in define_gf_group
accumulate_next_frame_stats(&next_frame, flash_detected,
rc->frames_since_key, i, &gf_stats, f_w, f_h);
cut_here = detect_gf_cut(cpi, i, cur_start, flash_detected,
active_max_gf_interval, active_min_gf_interval,
&gf_stats);
} if (cut_here) {
cur_last = i - 1; // the current last frame in the gf group int ori_last = cur_last; // The region frame idx does not start from the same frame as cur_start // and cur_last. Need to offset them. int offset = rc->frames_since_key - p_rc->regions_offset;
REGIONS *regions = p_rc->regions; int num_regions = p_rc->num_regions;
int scenecut_idx = -1; // only try shrinking if interval smaller than active_max_gf_interval if (cur_last - cur_start <= active_max_gf_interval &&
cur_last > cur_start) { // find the region indices of where the first and last frame belong. int k_start =
find_regions_index(regions, num_regions, cur_start + offset); int k_last =
find_regions_index(regions, num_regions, cur_last + offset); if (cur_start + offset == 0) k_start = 0;
// See if we have a scenecut in between for (int r = k_start + 1; r <= k_last; r++) { if (regions[r].type == SCENECUT_REGION &&
regions[r].last - offset - cur_start > active_min_gf_interval) {
scenecut_idx = r; break;
}
}
// if the found scenecut is very close to the end, ignore it. if (regions[num_regions - 1].last - regions[scenecut_idx].last < 4) {
scenecut_idx = -1;
}
if (scenecut_idx != -1) { // If we have a scenecut, then stop at it. // TODO(bohanli): add logic here to stop before the scenecut and for // the next gop start from the scenecut with GF int is_minor_sc =
(regions[scenecut_idx].avg_cor_coeff *
(1 - stats[regions[scenecut_idx].start - offset].noise_var /
regions[scenecut_idx].avg_intra_err) >
0.6);
cur_last = regions[scenecut_idx].last - offset - !is_minor_sc;
} else { int is_last_analysed = (k_last == num_regions - 1) &&
(cur_last + offset == regions[k_last].last); int not_enough_regions =
k_last - k_start <=
1 + (regions[k_start].type == SCENECUT_REGION); // if we are very close to the end, then do not shrink since it may // introduce intervals that are too short if (!(is_last_analysed && not_enough_regions)) { constdouble arf_length_factor = 0.1; double best_score = 0; int best_j = -1; constint first_frame = regions[0].start - offset; constint last_frame = regions[num_regions - 1].last - offset; // score of how much the arf helps the whole GOP double base_score = 0.0; // Accumulate base_score in for (int j = cur_start + 1; j < cur_start + min_shrink_int; j++) { if (stats + j >= twopass->stats_buf_ctx->stats_in_end) break;
base_score = (base_score + 1.0) * stats[j].cor_coeff;
} int met_blending = 0; // Whether we have met blending areas before int last_blending = 0; // Whether the previous frame if blending for (int j = cur_start + min_shrink_int; j <= cur_last; j++) { if (stats + j >= twopass->stats_buf_ctx->stats_in_end) break;
base_score = (base_score + 1.0) * stats[j].cor_coeff; int this_reg =
find_regions_index(regions, num_regions, j + offset); if (this_reg < 0) continue; // A GOP should include at most 1 blending region. if (regions[this_reg].type == BLENDING_REGION) {
last_blending = 1; if (met_blending) { break;
} else {
base_score = 0; continue;
}
} else { if (last_blending) met_blending = 1;
last_blending = 0;
}
// Add the factor of how good the neighborhood is for this // candidate arf. double this_score = arf_length_factor * base_score; double temp_accu_coeff = 1.0; // following frames int count_f = 0; for (int n = j + 1; n <= j + 3 && n <= last_frame; n++) { if (stats + n >= twopass->stats_buf_ctx->stats_in_end) break;
temp_accu_coeff *= stats[n].cor_coeff;
this_score +=
temp_accu_coeff *
sqrt(AOMMAX(0.5,
1 - stats[n].noise_var /
AOMMAX(stats[n].intra_error, 0.001)));
count_f++;
} // preceding frames
temp_accu_coeff = 1.0; for (int n = j; n > j - 3 * 2 + count_f && n > first_frame; n--) { if (stats + n < twopass->stats_buf_ctx->stats_in_start) break;
temp_accu_coeff *= stats[n].cor_coeff;
this_score +=
temp_accu_coeff *
sqrt(AOMMAX(0.5,
1 - stats[n].noise_var /
AOMMAX(stats[n].intra_error, 0.001)));
}
// save intervals
rc->intervals_till_gf_calculate_due = count_cuts - 1; for (int n = 1; n < count_cuts; n++) {
p_rc->gf_intervals[n - 1] = cut_pos[n] - cut_pos[n - 1];
}
p_rc->cur_gf_index = 0;
cpi->twopass_frame.stats_in = start_pos;
}
staticvoid correct_frames_to_key(AV1_COMP *cpi) { int lookahead_size =
(int)av1_lookahead_depth(cpi->ppi->lookahead, cpi->compressor_stage); if (lookahead_size <
av1_lookahead_pop_sz(cpi->ppi->lookahead, cpi->compressor_stage)) {
assert(
IMPLIES(cpi->oxcf.pass != AOM_RC_ONE_PASS && cpi->ppi->frames_left > 0,
lookahead_size == cpi->ppi->frames_left));
cpi->rc.frames_to_key = AOMMIN(cpi->rc.frames_to_key, lookahead_size);
} elseif (cpi->ppi->frames_left > 0) { // Correct frames to key based on limit
cpi->rc.frames_to_key =
AOMMIN(cpi->rc.frames_to_key, cpi->ppi->frames_left);
}
}
/*!\brief Define a GF group in one pass mode when no look ahead stats are * available. * * \ingroup gf_group_algo * This function defines the structure of a GF group, along with various * parameters regarding bit-allocation and quality setup in the special * case of one pass encoding where no lookahead stats are avialable. * * \param[in] cpi Top-level encoder structure * * \remark Nothing is returned. Instead, cpi->ppi->gf_group is changed.
*/ staticvoid define_gf_group_pass0(AV1_COMP *cpi) {
RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
PRIMARY_RATE_CONTROL *const p_rc = &cpi->ppi->p_rc;
GF_GROUP *const gf_group = &cpi->ppi->gf_group; const AV1EncoderConfig *const oxcf = &cpi->oxcf; const GFConfig *const gf_cfg = &oxcf->gf_cfg; int target;
// Rare case when the look-ahead is less than the target GOP length, can't // generate ARF frame. if (p_rc->baseline_gf_interval > gf_cfg->lag_in_frames ||
!is_altref_enabled(gf_cfg->lag_in_frames, gf_cfg->enable_auto_arf) ||
p_rc->baseline_gf_interval < rc->min_gf_interval)
gf_group->max_layer_depth_allowed = 0;
// Set up the structure of this Group-Of-Pictures (same as GF_GROUP)
av1_gop_setup_structure(cpi);
// Allocate bits to each of the frames in the GF group. // TODO(sarahparker) Extend this to work with pyramid structure. for (int cur_index = 0; cur_index < gf_group->size; ++cur_index) { const FRAME_UPDATE_TYPE cur_update_type = gf_group->update_type[cur_index]; if (oxcf->rc_cfg.mode == AOM_CBR) { if (cur_update_type == KF_UPDATE) {
target = av1_calc_iframe_target_size_one_pass_cbr(cpi);
} else {
target = av1_calc_pframe_target_size_one_pass_cbr(cpi, cur_update_type);
}
} else { if (cur_update_type == KF_UPDATE) {
target = av1_calc_iframe_target_size_one_pass_vbr(cpi);
} else {
target = av1_calc_pframe_target_size_one_pass_vbr(cpi, cur_update_type);
}
}
gf_group->bit_allocation[cur_index] = target;
}
}
staticinlinevoid set_baseline_gf_interval(PRIMARY_RATE_CONTROL *p_rc, int arf_position) {
p_rc->baseline_gf_interval = arf_position;
}
staticvoid accumulate_gop_stats(AV1_COMP *cpi, int is_intra_only, int f_w, int f_h, FIRSTPASS_STATS *next_frame, const FIRSTPASS_STATS *start_pos,
GF_GROUP_STATS *gf_stats, int *idx) { int i, flash_detected;
TWO_PASS *const twopass = &cpi->ppi->twopass;
PRIMARY_RATE_CONTROL *const p_rc = &cpi->ppi->p_rc;
RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
FRAME_INFO *frame_info = &cpi->frame_info; const AV1EncoderConfig *const oxcf = &cpi->oxcf;
init_gf_stats(gf_stats);
av1_zero(*next_frame);
// If this is a key frame or the overlay from a previous arf then // the error score / cost of this frame has already been accounted for.
i = is_intra_only; // get the determined gf group length from p_rc->gf_intervals while (i < p_rc->gf_intervals[p_rc->cur_gf_index]) { // read in the next frame if (EOF == input_stats(twopass, &cpi->twopass_frame, next_frame)) break; // Accumulate error score of frames in this gf group. double mod_frame_err =
calculate_modified_err(frame_info, twopass, oxcf, next_frame); // accumulate stats for this frame
accumulate_this_frame_stats(next_frame, mod_frame_err, gf_stats);
++i;
}
i = is_intra_only;
input_stats(twopass, &cpi->twopass_frame, next_frame); while (i < p_rc->gf_intervals[p_rc->cur_gf_index]) { // read in the next frame if (EOF == input_stats(twopass, &cpi->twopass_frame, next_frame)) break;
// Test for the case where there is a brief flash but the prediction // quality back to an earlier frame is then restored.
flash_detected = detect_flash(twopass, &cpi->twopass_frame, 0);
// accumulate stats for next frame
accumulate_next_frame_stats(next_frame, flash_detected,
rc->frames_since_key, i, gf_stats, f_w, f_h);
++i;
}
i = p_rc->gf_intervals[p_rc->cur_gf_index];
average_gf_stats(i, gf_stats);
*idx = i;
}
staticvoid update_gop_length(RATE_CONTROL *rc, PRIMARY_RATE_CONTROL *p_rc, int idx, int is_final_pass) { if (is_final_pass) {
rc->intervals_till_gf_calculate_due--;
p_rc->cur_gf_index++;
}
// Was the group length constrained by the requirement for a new KF?
p_rc->constrained_gf_group = (idx >= rc->frames_to_key) ? 1 : 0;
// #define FIXED_ARF_BITS #ifdef FIXED_ARF_BITS #define ARF_BITS_FRACTION 0.75 #endif /*!\brief Distributes bits to frames in a group * *\ingroup rate_control * * This function decides on the allocation of bits between the different * frames and types of frame in a GF/ARF group. * * \param[in] cpi Top - level encoder instance structure * \param[in] rc Rate control data * \param[in] gf_group GF/ARF group data structure * \param[in] is_key_frame Indicates if the first frame in the group is * also a key frame. * \param[in] use_arf Are ARF frames enabled or is this a GF only * uni-directional group. * \param[in] gf_group_bits Bits available to be allocated. * * \remark No return but updates the rate control and group data structures * to reflect the allocation of bits.
*/ staticvoid av1_gop_bit_allocation(const AV1_COMP *cpi, RATE_CONTROL *const rc,
GF_GROUP *gf_group, int is_key_frame, int use_arf, int64_t gf_group_bits) {
PRIMARY_RATE_CONTROL *const p_rc = &cpi->ppi->p_rc; // Calculate the extra bits to be used for boosted frame(s) #ifdef FIXED_ARF_BITS int gf_arf_bits = (int)(ARF_BITS_FRACTION * gf_group_bits); #else int gf_arf_bits = calculate_boost_bits(
p_rc->baseline_gf_interval - (rc->frames_since_key == 0), p_rc->gfu_boost,
gf_group_bits); #endif
// Allocate bits to each of the frames in the GF group.
allocate_gf_group_bits(gf_group, p_rc, rc, gf_group_bits, gf_arf_bits,
is_key_frame, use_arf);
} #undef ARF_BITS_FRACTION
#define MAX_GF_BOOST 5400 #define REDUCE_GF_LENGTH_THRESH 4 #define REDUCE_GF_LENGTH_TO_KEY_THRESH 9 #define REDUCE_GF_LENGTH_BY 1 staticvoid set_gop_bits_boost(AV1_COMP *cpi, int i, int is_intra_only, int is_final_pass, int use_alt_ref, int alt_offset, const FIRSTPASS_STATS *start_pos,
GF_GROUP_STATS *gf_stats) { // Should we use the alternate reference frame.
AV1_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
PRIMARY_RATE_CONTROL *const p_rc = &cpi->ppi->p_rc;
TWO_PASS *const twopass = &cpi->ppi->twopass;
GF_GROUP *gf_group = &cpi->ppi->gf_group;
FRAME_INFO *frame_info = &cpi->frame_info; const AV1EncoderConfig *const oxcf = &cpi->oxcf; const RateControlCfg *const rc_cfg = &oxcf->rc_cfg;
int ext_len = i - is_intra_only; if (use_alt_ref) { constint forward_frames = (rc->frames_to_key - i >= ext_len)
? ext_len
: AOMMAX(0, rc->frames_to_key - i);
#define LAST_ALR_BOOST_FACTOR 0.2f
p_rc->arf_boost_factor = 1.0; if (use_alt_ref && !is_lossless_requested(rc_cfg)) { // Reduce the boost of altref in the last gf group if (rc->frames_to_key - ext_len == REDUCE_GF_LENGTH_BY ||
rc->frames_to_key - ext_len == 0) {
p_rc->arf_boost_factor = LAST_ALR_BOOST_FACTOR;
}
}
// Reset the file position.
reset_fpf_position(&cpi->twopass_frame, start_pos); if (cpi->ppi->lap_enabled) { // Since we don't have enough stats to know the actual error of the // gf group, we assume error of each frame to be equal to 1 and set // the error of the group as baseline_gf_interval.
gf_stats->gf_group_err = p_rc->baseline_gf_interval;
} // Calculate the bits to be allocated to the gf/arf group as a whole
p_rc->gf_group_bits =
calculate_total_gf_group_bits(cpi, gf_stats->gf_group_err);
#if GROUP_ADAPTIVE_MAXQ // Calculate an estimate of the maxq needed for the group. // We are more aggressive about correcting for sections // where there could be significant overshoot than for easier // sections where we do not wish to risk creating an overshoot // of the allocated bit budget. if ((rc_cfg->mode != AOM_Q) && (p_rc->baseline_gf_interval > 1) &&
is_final_pass) { constint vbr_group_bits_per_frame =
(int)(p_rc->gf_group_bits / p_rc->baseline_gf_interval); constdouble group_av_err =
gf_stats->gf_group_raw_error / p_rc->baseline_gf_interval; constdouble group_av_skip_pct =
gf_stats->gf_group_skip_pct / p_rc->baseline_gf_interval; constdouble group_av_inactive_zone =
((gf_stats->gf_group_inactive_zone_rows * 2) /
(p_rc->baseline_gf_interval * (double)cm->mi_params.mb_rows));
// Adjust KF group bits and error remaining. if (is_final_pass) twopass->kf_group_error_left -= gf_stats->gf_group_err;
// Reset the file position.
reset_fpf_position(&cpi->twopass_frame, start_pos);
// Calculate a section intra ratio used in setting max loop filter. if (rc->frames_since_key != 0) {
twopass->section_intra_rating = calculate_section_intra_ratio(
start_pos, twopass->stats_buf_ctx->stats_in_end,
p_rc->baseline_gf_interval);
}
// Reset the GF group data structures unless this is a key // frame in which case it will already have been done. if (!is_intra_only) {
av1_zero(cpi->ppi->gf_group);
cpi->gf_frame_index = 0;
}
if (has_no_stats_stage(cpi)) {
define_gf_group_pass0(cpi); return;
}
#if CONFIG_THREE_PASS if (cpi->third_pass_ctx && oxcf->pass == AOM_RC_THIRD_PASS) { int ret = define_gf_group_pass3(cpi, frame_params, is_final_pass); if (ret == 0) return;
// If this is a key frame or the overlay from a previous arf then // the error score / cost of this frame has already been accounted for. constint active_min_gf_interval = rc->min_gf_interval;
// Disable internal ARFs for "still" gf groups. // zero_motion_accumulator: minimum percentage of (0,0) motion; // avg_sr_coded_error: average of the SSE per pixel of each frame; // avg_raw_err_stdev: average of the standard deviation of (0,0) // motion error per block of each frame. constint can_disable_internal_arfs = gf_cfg->gf_min_pyr_height <= 1; if (can_disable_internal_arfs &&
gf_stats.zero_motion_accumulator > MIN_ZERO_MOTION &&
gf_stats.avg_sr_coded_error < MAX_SR_CODED_ERROR &&
gf_stats.avg_raw_err_stdev < MAX_RAW_ERR_VAR) {
cpi->ppi->internal_altref_allowed = 0;
}
int use_alt_ref; if (can_disable_arf) {
use_alt_ref =
!is_almost_static(gf_stats.zero_motion_accumulator,
twopass->kf_zeromotion_pct, cpi->ppi->lap_enabled) &&
p_rc->use_arf_in_this_kf_group && (i < gf_cfg->lag_in_frames) &&
(i >= MIN_GF_INTERVAL);
} else {
use_alt_ref = p_rc->use_arf_in_this_kf_group &&
(i < gf_cfg->lag_in_frames) && (i > 2);
} if (use_alt_ref) {
gf_group->max_layer_depth_allowed = gf_cfg->gf_max_pyr_height;
} else {
gf_group->max_layer_depth_allowed = 0;
}
int alt_offset = 0; // The length reduction strategy is tweaked for certain cases, and doesn't // work well for certain other cases. constint allow_gf_length_reduction =
((rc_cfg->mode == AOM_Q && rc_cfg->cq_level <= 128) ||
!cpi->ppi->internal_altref_allowed) &&
!is_lossless_requested(rc_cfg);
if (allow_gf_length_reduction && use_alt_ref) { // adjust length of this gf group if one of the following condition met // 1: only one overlay frame left and this gf is too long // 2: next gf group is too short to have arf compared to the current gf
// maximum length of next gf group constint next_gf_len = rc->frames_to_key - i; constint single_overlay_left =
next_gf_len == 0 && i > REDUCE_GF_LENGTH_THRESH; // the next gf is probably going to have a ARF but it will be shorter than // this gf constint unbalanced_gf =
i > REDUCE_GF_LENGTH_TO_KEY_THRESH &&
next_gf_len + 1 < REDUCE_GF_LENGTH_TO_KEY_THRESH &&
next_gf_len + 1 >= rc->min_gf_interval;
if (single_overlay_left || unbalanced_gf) { constint roll_back = REDUCE_GF_LENGTH_BY; // Reduce length only if active_min_gf_interval will be respected later. if (i - roll_back >= active_min_gf_interval + 1) {
alt_offset = -roll_back;
i -= roll_back; if (is_final_pass) rc->intervals_till_gf_calculate_due = 0;
p_rc->gf_intervals[p_rc->cur_gf_index] -= roll_back;
reset_fpf_position(&cpi->twopass_frame, start_pos);
accumulate_gop_stats(cpi, is_intra_only, f_w, f_h, &next_frame,
start_pos, &gf_stats, &i);
}
}
}
update_gop_length(rc, p_rc, i, is_final_pass);
// Set up the structure of this Group-Of-Pictures (same as GF_GROUP)
av1_gop_setup_structure(cpi);
set_gop_bits_boost(cpi, i, is_intra_only, is_final_pass, use_alt_ref,
alt_offset, start_pos, &gf_stats);
#if CONFIG_THREE_PASS /*!\brief Define a GF group for the third apss. * * \ingroup gf_group_algo * This function defines the structure of a GF group for the third pass, along * with various parameters regarding bit-allocation and quality setup based on * the two-pass bitstream. * Much of the function still uses the strategies used for the second pass and * relies on first pass statistics. It is expected that over time these portions * would be replaced with strategies specific to the third pass. * * \param[in] cpi Top-level encoder structure * \param[in] frame_params Structure with frame parameters * \param[in] is_final_pass Whether this is the final pass for the * GF group, or a trial (non-zero) * * \return 0: Success; * -1: There are conflicts between the bitstream and current config * The values in cpi->ppi->gf_group are also changed.
*/ staticint define_gf_group_pass3(AV1_COMP *cpi, EncodeFrameParams *frame_params, int is_final_pass) { if (!cpi->third_pass_ctx) return -1;
AV1_COMMON *const cm = &cpi->common;
RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
PRIMARY_RATE_CONTROL *const p_rc = &cpi->ppi->p_rc; const AV1EncoderConfig *const oxcf = &cpi->oxcf;
FIRSTPASS_STATS next_frame; const FIRSTPASS_STATS *const start_pos = cpi->twopass_frame.stats_in;
GF_GROUP *gf_group = &cpi->ppi->gf_group; const GFConfig *const gf_cfg = &oxcf->gf_cfg; constint f_w = cm->width; constint f_h = cm->height; int i; constint is_intra_only = rc->frames_since_key == 0;
// Reset the GF group data structures unless this is a key // frame in which case it will already have been done. if (!is_intra_only) {
av1_zero(cpi->ppi->gf_group);
cpi->gf_frame_index = 0;
}
// Minimum % intra coding observed in first pass (1.0 = 100%) #define MIN_INTRA_LEVEL 0.25 // Minimum ratio between the % of intra coding and inter coding in the first // pass after discounting neutral blocks (discounting neutral blocks in this // way helps catch scene cuts in clips with very flat areas or letter box // format clips with image padding. #define INTRA_VS_INTER_THRESH 2.0 // Hard threshold where the first pass chooses intra for almost all blocks. // In such a case even if the frame is not a scene cut coding a key frame // may be a good option. #define VERY_LOW_INTER_THRESH 0.05 // Maximum threshold for the relative ratio of intra error score vs best // inter error score. #define KF_II_ERR_THRESHOLD 1.9 // In real scene cuts there is almost always a sharp change in the intra // or inter error score. #define ERR_CHANGE_THRESHOLD 0.4 // For real scene cuts we expect an improvment in the intra inter error // ratio in the next frame. #define II_IMPROVEMENT_THRESHOLD 3.5 #define KF_II_MAX 128.0 // Intra / Inter threshold very low #define VERY_LOW_II 1.5 // Clean slide transitions we expect a sharp single frame spike in error. #define ERROR_SPIKE 5.0
// Slide show transition detection. // Tests for case where there is very low error either side of the current frame // but much higher just for this frame. This can help detect key frames in // slide shows even where the slides are pictures of different sizes. // Also requires that intra and inter errors are very similar to help eliminate // harmful false positives. // It will not help if the transition is a fade or other multi-frame effect. staticint slide_transition(const FIRSTPASS_STATS *this_frame, const FIRSTPASS_STATS *last_frame, const FIRSTPASS_STATS *next_frame) { return (this_frame->intra_error < (this_frame->coded_error * VERY_LOW_II)) &&
(this_frame->coded_error > (last_frame->coded_error * ERROR_SPIKE)) &&
(this_frame->coded_error > (next_frame->coded_error * ERROR_SPIKE));
}
// Threshold for use of the lagging second reference frame. High second ref // usage may point to a transient event like a flash or occlusion rather than // a real scene cut. // We adapt the threshold based on number of frames in this key-frame group so // far. staticdouble get_second_ref_usage_thresh(int frame_count_so_far) { constint adapt_upto = 32; constdouble min_second_ref_usage_thresh = 0.085; constdouble second_ref_usage_thresh_max_delta = 0.035; if (frame_count_so_far >= adapt_upto) { return min_second_ref_usage_thresh + second_ref_usage_thresh_max_delta;
} return min_second_ref_usage_thresh +
((double)frame_count_so_far / (adapt_upto - 1)) *
second_ref_usage_thresh_max_delta;
}
int is_viable_kf = 0; double pcnt_intra = 1.0 - this_stats->pcnt_inter; double modified_pcnt_inter =
this_stats->pcnt_inter - this_stats->pcnt_neutral; constdouble second_ref_usage_thresh =
get_second_ref_usage_thresh(frame_count_so_far); int frames_to_test_after_candidate_key = SCENE_CUT_KEY_TEST_INTERVAL; int count_for_tolerable_prediction = 3;
// We do "-1" because the candidate key is not counted. int stats_after_this_stats =
av1_firstpass_info_future_count(firstpass_info, this_stats_index) - 1;
if (scenecut_mode == ENABLE_SCENECUT_MODE_1) { if (stats_after_this_stats < 3) { return 0;
} else {
frames_to_test_after_candidate_key = 3;
count_for_tolerable_prediction = 1;
}
} // Make sure we have enough stats after the candidate key.
frames_to_test_after_candidate_key =
AOMMIN(frames_to_test_after_candidate_key, stats_after_this_stats);
// Does the frame satisfy the primary criteria of a key frame? // See above for an explanation of the test criteria. // If so, then examine how well it predicts subsequent frames. if (IMPLIES(rc_mode == AOM_Q, frame_count_so_far >= 3) &&
(this_stats->pcnt_second_ref < second_ref_usage_thresh) &&
(next_stats->pcnt_second_ref < second_ref_usage_thresh) &&
((this_stats->pcnt_inter < VERY_LOW_INTER_THRESH) ||
slide_transition(this_stats, last_stats, next_stats) ||
((pcnt_intra > MIN_INTRA_LEVEL) &&
(pcnt_intra > (INTRA_VS_INTER_THRESH * modified_pcnt_inter)) &&
((this_stats->intra_error /
DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(this_stats->coded_error)) <
KF_II_ERR_THRESHOLD) &&
((fabs(last_stats->coded_error - this_stats->coded_error) /
DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(this_stats->coded_error) >
ERR_CHANGE_THRESHOLD) ||
(fabs(last_stats->intra_error - this_stats->intra_error) /
DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(this_stats->intra_error) >
ERR_CHANGE_THRESHOLD) ||
((next_stats->intra_error /
DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(next_stats->coded_error)) >
II_IMPROVEMENT_THRESHOLD))))) { int i; double boost_score = 0.0; double old_boost_score = 0.0; double decay_accumulator = 1.0;
// Examine how well the key frame predicts subsequent frames. for (i = 1; i <= frames_to_test_after_candidate_key; ++i) { // Get the next frame details const FIRSTPASS_STATS *local_next_frame =
av1_firstpass_info_peek(firstpass_info, this_stats_index + i); double next_iiratio =
(BOOST_FACTOR * local_next_frame->intra_error /
DOUBLE_DIVIDE_CHECK(local_next_frame->coded_error));
if (next_iiratio > KF_II_MAX) next_iiratio = KF_II_MAX;
// Cumulative effect of decay in prediction quality. if (local_next_frame->pcnt_inter > 0.85)
decay_accumulator *= local_next_frame->pcnt_inter; else
decay_accumulator *= (0.85 + local_next_frame->pcnt_inter) / 2.0;
// Keep a running total.
boost_score += (decay_accumulator * next_iiratio);
// Test various breakout clauses. // TODO(any): Test of intra error should be normalized to an MB. if ((local_next_frame->pcnt_inter < 0.05) || (next_iiratio < 1.5) ||
(((local_next_frame->pcnt_inter - local_next_frame->pcnt_neutral) <
0.20) &&
(next_iiratio < 3.0)) ||
((boost_score - old_boost_score) < 3.0) ||
(local_next_frame->intra_error < (200.0 / (double)num_mbs))) { break;
}
old_boost_score = boost_score;
}
// If there is tolerable prediction for at least the next 3 frames then // break out else discard this potential key frame and move on if (boost_score > 30.0 && (i > count_for_tolerable_prediction)) {
is_viable_kf = 1;
} else {
is_viable_kf = 0;
}
} return is_viable_kf;
}
staticint get_projected_kf_boost(AV1_COMP *cpi) { /* * If num_stats_used_for_kf_boost >= frames_to_key, then * all stats needed for prior boost calculation are available. * Hence projecting the prior boost is not needed in this cases.
*/ if (cpi->ppi->p_rc.num_stats_used_for_kf_boost >= cpi->rc.frames_to_key) return cpi->ppi->p_rc.kf_boost;
// Get the current tpl factor (number of frames = frames_to_key). double tpl_factor = av1_get_kf_boost_projection_factor(cpi->rc.frames_to_key); // Get the tpl factor when number of frames = num_stats_used_for_kf_boost. double tpl_factor_num_stats = av1_get_kf_boost_projection_factor(
cpi->ppi->p_rc.num_stats_used_for_kf_boost); int projected_kf_boost =
(int)rint((tpl_factor * cpi->ppi->p_rc.kf_boost) / tpl_factor_num_stats); return projected_kf_boost;
}
/*!\brief Determine the location of the next key frame * * \ingroup gf_group_algo * This function decides the placement of the next key frame when a * scenecut is detected or the maximum key frame distance is reached. * * \param[in] cpi Top-level encoder structure * \param[in] firstpass_info struct for firstpass info * \param[in] num_frames_to_detect_scenecut Maximum lookahead frames. * \param[in] search_start_idx the start index for searching key frame. * Set it to one if we already know the * current frame is key frame. Otherwise, * set it to zero. * * \return Number of frames to the next key including the current frame.
*/ staticint define_kf_interval(AV1_COMP *cpi, const FIRSTPASS_INFO *firstpass_info, int num_frames_to_detect_scenecut, int search_start_idx) { const TWO_PASS *const twopass = &cpi->ppi->twopass; const RATE_CONTROL *const rc = &cpi->rc;
PRIMARY_RATE_CONTROL *const p_rc = &cpi->ppi->p_rc; const AV1EncoderConfig *const oxcf = &cpi->oxcf; const KeyFrameCfg *const kf_cfg = &oxcf->kf_cfg; double recent_loop_decay[FRAMES_TO_CHECK_DECAY]; double decay_accumulator = 1.0; int i = 0, j; int frames_to_key = search_start_idx; int frames_since_key = rc->frames_since_key + 1; int scenecut_detected = 0;
int num_frames_to_next_key = detect_app_forced_key(cpi);
if (num_frames_to_detect_scenecut == 0) { if (num_frames_to_next_key != -1) return num_frames_to_next_key; else return rc->frames_to_key;
}
if (num_frames_to_next_key != -1)
num_frames_to_detect_scenecut =
AOMMIN(num_frames_to_detect_scenecut, num_frames_to_next_key);
// Initialize the decay rates for the recent frames to check for (j = 0; j < FRAMES_TO_CHECK_DECAY; ++j) recent_loop_decay[j] = 1.0;
i = 0; constint num_mbs = (oxcf->resize_cfg.resize_mode != RESIZE_NONE)
? cpi->initial_mbs
: cpi->common.mi_params.MBs; constint future_stats_count =
av1_firstpass_info_future_count(firstpass_info, 0); while (frames_to_key < future_stats_count &&
frames_to_key < num_frames_to_detect_scenecut) { // Provided that we are not at the end of the file... if ((cpi->ppi->p_rc.enable_scenecut_detection > 0) && kf_cfg->auto_key &&
frames_to_key + 1 < future_stats_count) { double loop_decay_rate;
// Check for a scene cut. if (frames_since_key >= kf_cfg->key_freq_min) {
scenecut_detected = test_candidate_kf(
&twopass->firstpass_info, frames_to_key, frames_since_key,
oxcf->rc_cfg.mode, cpi->ppi->p_rc.enable_scenecut_detection,
num_mbs); if (scenecut_detected) { break;
}
}
// How fast is the prediction quality decaying? const FIRSTPASS_STATS *next_stats =
av1_firstpass_info_peek(firstpass_info, frames_to_key + 1);
loop_decay_rate = get_prediction_decay_rate(next_stats);
// We want to know something about the recent past... rather than // as used elsewhere where we are concerned with decay in prediction // quality since the last GF or KF.
recent_loop_decay[i % FRAMES_TO_CHECK_DECAY] = loop_decay_rate;
decay_accumulator = 1.0; for (j = 0; j < FRAMES_TO_CHECK_DECAY; ++j)
decay_accumulator *= recent_loop_decay[j];
// Special check for transition or high motion followed by a // static scene. if (frames_since_key >= kf_cfg->key_freq_min) {
scenecut_detected = detect_transition_to_still(
firstpass_info, frames_to_key + 1, rc->min_gf_interval, i,
kf_cfg->key_freq_max - i, loop_decay_rate, decay_accumulator); if (scenecut_detected) { // In the case of transition followed by a static scene, the key frame // could be a good predictor for the following frames, therefore we // do not use an arf.
p_rc->use_arf_in_this_kf_group = 0; break;
}
}
// Step on to the next frame.
++frames_to_key;
++frames_since_key;
// If we don't have a real key frame within the next two // key_freq_max intervals then break out of the loop. if (frames_to_key >= 2 * kf_cfg->key_freq_max) { break;
}
} else {
++frames_to_key;
++frames_since_key;
}
++i;
} if (cpi->ppi->lap_enabled && !scenecut_detected)
frames_to_key = num_frames_to_next_key;
// Calculate the average using available number of stats. if (use_avg_stat) num_stat_used = calc_avg_stats(cpi, &frame_stat);
for (i = num_stat_used; i < (rc->frames_to_key - 1); ++i) { if (!use_avg_stat &&
EOF == input_stats(twopass, &cpi->twopass_frame, &frame_stat)) break;
// Monitor for static sections. // For the first frame in kf group, the second ref indicator is invalid. if (i > 0) {
*zero_motion_accumulator =
AOMMIN(*zero_motion_accumulator, get_zero_motion_factor(&frame_stat));
} else {
*zero_motion_accumulator = frame_stat.pcnt_inter - frame_stat.pcnt_motion;
}
// Not all frames in the group are necessarily used in calculating boost. if ((*sr_accumulator < (kf_raw_err * 1.50)) &&
(i <= rc->max_gf_interval * 2)) { double frame_boost; double zm_factor;
// Factor 0.75-1.25 based on how much of frame is static.
zm_factor = (0.75 + (*zero_motion_accumulator / 2.0));
// We assume the current frame is a key frame and we are looking for the next // key frame. Therefore search_start_idx = 1
frames_to_key = define_kf_interval(cpi, firstpass_info, kf_cfg->key_freq_max, /*search_start_idx=*/1);
if (cpi->ppi->lap_enabled) correct_frames_to_key(cpi);
// If there is a max kf interval set by the user we must obey it. // We already breakout of the loop above at 2x max. // This code centers the extra kf if the actual natural interval // is between 1x and 2x. if (kf_cfg->auto_key && rc->frames_to_key > kf_cfg->key_freq_max) {
FIRSTPASS_STATS tmp_frame = first_frame;
rc->frames_to_key /= 2;
// Reset to the start of the group.
reset_fpf_position(&cpi->twopass_frame, start_position); // Rescan to get the correct error data for the forced kf group. for (i = 0; i < rc->frames_to_key; ++i) { if (EOF == input_stats(twopass, &cpi->twopass_frame, &tmp_frame)) break;
}
p_rc->next_key_frame_forced = 1;
} elseif ((cpi->twopass_frame.stats_in ==
twopass->stats_buf_ctx->stats_in_end &&
is_stat_consumption_stage_twopass(cpi)) ||
rc->frames_to_key >= kf_cfg->key_freq_max) {
p_rc->next_key_frame_forced = 1;
} else {
p_rc->next_key_frame_forced = 0;
}
double kf_group_err = 0; for (i = 0; i < rc->frames_to_key; ++i) { const FIRSTPASS_STATS *this_stats =
av1_firstpass_info_peek(&twopass->firstpass_info, i); if (this_stats != NULL) { // Accumulate kf group error.
kf_group_err += calculate_modified_err_new(
frame_info, &firstpass_info->total_stats, this_stats,
oxcf->rc_cfg.vbrbias, twopass->modified_error_min,
twopass->modified_error_max);
++p_rc->num_stats_used_for_kf_boost;
}
}
// Calculate the number of bits that should be assigned to the kf group. if ((twopass->bits_left > 0 && twopass->modified_error_left > 0.0) ||
(cpi->ppi->lap_enabled && oxcf->rc_cfg.mode != AOM_Q)) { // Maximum number of bits for a single normal frame (not key frame). constint max_bits = frame_max_bits(rc, oxcf);
// Maximum number of bits allocated to the key frame group.
int64_t max_grp_bits;
// Default allocation based on bits left and relative // complexity of the section.
twopass->kf_group_bits =
get_kf_group_bits(cpi, kf_group_err, kf_group_avg_error); // Clip based on maximum per frame rate defined by the user.
max_grp_bits = (int64_t)max_bits * (int64_t)rc->frames_to_key; if (twopass->kf_group_bits > max_grp_bits)
twopass->kf_group_bits = max_grp_bits;
} else {
twopass->kf_group_bits = 0;
}
twopass->kf_group_bits = AOMMAX(0, twopass->kf_group_bits);
if (cpi->ppi->lap_enabled) { // In the case of single pass based on LAP, frames to key may have an // inaccurate value, and hence should be clipped to an appropriate // interval.
frames_to_key_clipped =
(int)(MAX_KF_BITS_INTERVAL_SINGLE_PASS * cpi->framerate);
// This variable calculates the bits allocated to kf_group with a clipped // frames_to_key. if (rc->frames_to_key > frames_to_key_clipped) {
kf_group_bits_clipped =
(int64_t)((double)twopass->kf_group_bits * frames_to_key_clipped /
rc->frames_to_key);
}
}
// Reset the first pass file position.
reset_fpf_position(&cpi->twopass_frame, start_position);
// Scan through the kf group collating various stats used to determine // how many bits to spend on it.
boost_score = get_kf_boost_score(cpi, kf_raw_err, &zero_motion_accumulator,
&sr_accumulator, 0);
reset_fpf_position(&cpi->twopass_frame, start_position); // Store the zero motion percentage
twopass->kf_zeromotion_pct = (int)(zero_motion_accumulator * 100.0);
// Calculate a section intra ratio used in setting max loop filter.
twopass->section_intra_rating = calculate_section_intra_ratio(
start_position, twopass->stats_buf_ctx->stats_in_end, rc->frames_to_key);
p_rc->kf_boost = (int)boost_score;
if (cpi->ppi->lap_enabled) { if (oxcf->rc_cfg.mode == AOM_Q) {
p_rc->kf_boost = get_projected_kf_boost(cpi);
} else { // TODO(any): Explore using average frame stats for AOM_Q as well.
boost_score = get_kf_boost_score(
cpi, kf_raw_err, &zero_motion_accumulator, &sr_accumulator, 1);
reset_fpf_position(&cpi->twopass_frame, start_position);
p_rc->kf_boost += (int)boost_score;
}
}
// Special case for static / slide show content but don't apply // if the kf group is very short. if ((zero_motion_accumulator > STATIC_KF_GROUP_FLOAT_THRESH) &&
(rc->frames_to_key > 8)) {
p_rc->kf_boost = AOMMAX(p_rc->kf_boost, MIN_STATIC_KF_BOOST);
} else { // Apply various clamps for min and max boost
p_rc->kf_boost = AOMMAX(p_rc->kf_boost, (rc->frames_to_key * 3));
p_rc->kf_boost = AOMMAX(p_rc->kf_boost, MIN_KF_BOOST); #ifdef STRICT_RC
p_rc->kf_boost = AOMMIN(p_rc->kf_boost, MAX_KF_BOOST); #endif
}
// Work out how many bits to allocate for the key frame itself. // In case of LAP enabled for VBR, if the frames_to_key value is // very high, we calculate the bits based on a clipped value of // frames_to_key.
kf_bits = calculate_boost_bits(
AOMMIN(rc->frames_to_key, frames_to_key_clipped) - 1, p_rc->kf_boost,
AOMMIN(twopass->kf_group_bits, kf_group_bits_clipped)); // printf("kf boost = %d kf_bits = %d kf_zeromotion_pct = %d\n", // p_rc->kf_boost, // kf_bits, twopass->kf_zeromotion_pct);
kf_bits = adjust_boost_bits_for_target_level(cpi, rc, kf_bits,
twopass->kf_group_bits, 0);
twopass->kf_group_bits -= kf_bits;
// Save the bits to spend on the key frame.
gf_group->bit_allocation[0] = kf_bits;
gf_group->update_type[0] = KF_UPDATE;
// Note the total error score of the kf group minus the key frame itself. if (cpi->ppi->lap_enabled) // As we don't have enough stats to know the actual error of the group, // we assume the complexity of each frame to be equal to 1, and set the // error as the number of frames in the group(minus the keyframe).
twopass->kf_group_error_left = (double)(rc->frames_to_key - 1); else
twopass->kf_group_error_left = kf_group_err - kf_mod_err;
// Adjust the count of total modified error left. // The count of bits left is adjusted elsewhere based on real coded frame // sizes.
twopass->modified_error_left -= kf_group_err;
}
TWO_PASS_FRAME *twopass_frame = &cpi->twopass_frame; // The multiplication by 256 reverses a scaling factor of (>> 8) // applied when combining MB error values for the frame.
twopass_frame->mb_av_energy = log1p(this_frame_ptr->intra_error);
// Set the frame content type flag. if (this_frame_ptr->intra_skip_pct >= FC_ANIMATION_THRESH)
twopass_frame->fr_content_type = FC_GRAPHICS_ANIMATION; else
twopass_frame->fr_content_type = FC_NORMAL;
}
int target_rate = gf_group->bit_allocation[cpi->gf_frame_index];
if (has_no_stats_stage(cpi)) {
av1_rc_set_frame_target(cpi, target_rate, cpi->common.width,
cpi->common.height);
}
rc->base_frame_target = target_rate;
}
staticvoid mark_flashes(FIRSTPASS_STATS *first_stats,
FIRSTPASS_STATS *last_stats) {
FIRSTPASS_STATS *this_stats = first_stats, *next_stats; while (this_stats < last_stats - 1) {
next_stats = this_stats + 1; if (next_stats->pcnt_second_ref > next_stats->pcnt_inter &&
next_stats->pcnt_second_ref >= 0.5) {
this_stats->is_flash = 1;
} else {
this_stats->is_flash = 0;
}
this_stats = next_stats;
} // We always treat the last one as none flash. if (last_stats - 1 >= first_stats) {
(last_stats - 1)->is_flash = 0;
}
}
// Smooth-out the noise variance so it is more stable // Returns 0 on success, -1 on memory allocation failure. // TODO(bohanli): Use a better low-pass filter than averaging staticint smooth_filter_noise(FIRSTPASS_STATS *first_stats,
FIRSTPASS_STATS *last_stats) { int len = (int)(last_stats - first_stats); double *smooth_noise = aom_malloc(len * sizeof(*smooth_noise)); if (!smooth_noise) return -1;
for (int i = 0; i < len; i++) { double total_noise = 0; double total_wt = 0; for (int j = -HALF_FILT_LEN; j <= HALF_FILT_LEN; j++) { int idx = AOMMIN(AOMMAX(i + j, 0), len - 1); if (first_stats[idx].is_flash) continue;
// Copy noise from the neighbor if the noise value is not trustworthy for (this_stats = first_stats + 2; this_stats < last_stats; this_stats++) { if (this_stats->is_flash || (this_stats - 1)->is_flash ||
(this_stats - 2)->is_flash) continue; if (this_stats->noise_var < 1.0) { int found = 0; // TODO(bohanli): consider expanding to two directions at the same time for (next_stats = this_stats + 1; next_stats < last_stats; next_stats++) { if (next_stats->is_flash || (next_stats - 1)->is_flash ||
(next_stats - 2)->is_flash || next_stats->noise_var < 1.0) continue;
found = 1;
this_stats->noise_var = next_stats->noise_var; break;
} if (found) continue; for (next_stats = this_stats - 1; next_stats >= first_stats + 2;
next_stats--) { if (next_stats->is_flash || (next_stats - 1)->is_flash ||
(next_stats - 2)->is_flash || next_stats->noise_var < 1.0) continue;
this_stats->noise_var = next_stats->noise_var; break;
}
}
}
// copy the noise if this is a flash for (this_stats = first_stats + 2; this_stats < last_stats; this_stats++) { if (this_stats->is_flash || (this_stats - 1)->is_flash ||
(this_stats - 2)->is_flash) { int found = 0; for (next_stats = this_stats + 1; next_stats < last_stats; next_stats++) { if (next_stats->is_flash || (next_stats - 1)->is_flash ||
(next_stats - 2)->is_flash) continue;
found = 1;
this_stats->noise_var = next_stats->noise_var; break;
} if (found) continue; for (next_stats = this_stats - 1; next_stats >= first_stats + 2;
next_stats--) { if (next_stats->is_flash || (next_stats - 1)->is_flash ||
(next_stats - 2)->is_flash) continue;
this_stats->noise_var = next_stats->noise_var; break;
}
}
}
// if we are at the first 2 frames, copy the noise for (this_stats = first_stats;
this_stats < first_stats + 2 && (first_stats + 2) < last_stats;
this_stats++) {
this_stats->noise_var = (first_stats + 2)->noise_var;
}
if (smooth_filter_noise(first_stats, last_stats) == -1) {
aom_internal_error(error_info, AOM_CODEC_MEM_ERROR, "Error allocating buffers in smooth_filter_noise()");
}
}
// Estimate correlation coefficient of each frame with its previous frame. staticvoid estimate_coeff(FIRSTPASS_STATS *first_stats,
FIRSTPASS_STATS *last_stats) {
FIRSTPASS_STATS *this_stats; for (this_stats = first_stats + 1; this_stats < last_stats; this_stats++) { constdouble C =
sqrt(AOMMAX((this_stats - 1)->intra_error *
(this_stats->intra_error - this_stats->coded_error),
0.001)); constdouble cor_coeff =
C /
AOMMAX((this_stats - 1)->intra_error - this_stats->noise_var, 0.001);
// If this is an arf frame then we dont want to read the stats file or // advance the input pointer as we already have what we need. if (update_type == ARF_UPDATE || update_type == INTNL_ARF_UPDATE) { const FIRSTPASS_STATS *const this_frame_ptr =
read_frame_stats(twopass, &cpi->twopass_frame,
gf_group->arf_src_offset[cpi->gf_frame_index]);
set_twopass_params_based_on_fp_stats(cpi, this_frame_ptr); return;
}
}
if (oxcf->rc_cfg.mode == AOM_Q)
rc->active_worst_quality = oxcf->rc_cfg.cq_level;
// Keyframe and section processing.
FIRSTPASS_STATS this_frame_copy;
this_frame_copy = this_frame; if (rc->frames_to_key <= 0) {
assert(rc->frames_to_key == 0); // Define next KF group and assign bits to it.
frame_params->frame_type = KEY_FRAME;
find_next_key_frame(cpi, &this_frame);
this_frame = this_frame_copy;
}
if (rc->frames_to_fwd_kf <= 0)
rc->frames_to_fwd_kf = oxcf->kf_cfg.fwd_kf_dist;
// Define a new GF/ARF group. (Should always enter here for key frames). if (cpi->gf_frame_index == gf_group->size) {
av1_tf_info_reset(&cpi->ppi->tf_info); #if CONFIG_BITRATE_ACCURACY && !CONFIG_THREE_PASS
vbr_rc_reset_gop_data(&cpi->vbr_rc_info); #endif// CONFIG_BITRATE_ACCURACY int max_gop_length =
(oxcf->gf_cfg.lag_in_frames >= 32)
? AOMMIN(MAX_GF_INTERVAL, oxcf->gf_cfg.lag_in_frames -
oxcf->algo_cfg.arnr_max_frames / 2)
: MAX_GF_LENGTH_LAP;
// Handle forward key frame when enabled. if (oxcf->kf_cfg.fwd_kf_dist > 0)
max_gop_length = AOMMIN(rc->frames_to_fwd_kf + 1, max_gop_length);
// Use the provided gop size in low delay setting if (oxcf->gf_cfg.lag_in_frames == 0) max_gop_length = rc->max_gf_interval;
// Limit the max gop length for the last gop in 1 pass setting.
max_gop_length = AOMMIN(max_gop_length, rc->frames_to_key);
// Identify regions if needed. // TODO(bohanli): identify regions for all stats available. if (rc->frames_since_key == 0 || rc->frames_since_key == 1 ||
(p_rc->frames_till_regions_update - rc->frames_since_key <
rc->frames_to_key &&
p_rc->frames_till_regions_update - rc->frames_since_key <
max_gop_length + 1)) { // how many frames we can analyze from this frame int rest_frames =
AOMMIN(rc->frames_to_key, MAX_FIRSTPASS_ANALYSIS_FRAMES);
rest_frames =
AOMMIN(rest_frames, (int)(twopass->stats_buf_ctx->stats_in_end -
cpi->twopass_frame.stats_in +
(rc->frames_since_key == 0)));
p_rc->frames_till_regions_update = rest_frames;
int ret; if (cpi->ppi->lap_enabled) {
mark_flashes(twopass->stats_buf_ctx->stats_in_start,
twopass->stats_buf_ctx->stats_in_end);
estimate_noise(twopass->stats_buf_ctx->stats_in_start,
twopass->stats_buf_ctx->stats_in_end, cpi->common.error);
estimate_coeff(twopass->stats_buf_ctx->stats_in_start,
twopass->stats_buf_ctx->stats_in_end);
ret = identify_regions(cpi->twopass_frame.stats_in, rest_frames,
(rc->frames_since_key == 0), p_rc->regions,
&p_rc->num_regions);
} else {
ret = identify_regions(
cpi->twopass_frame.stats_in - (rc->frames_since_key == 0),
rest_frames, 0, p_rc->regions, &p_rc->num_regions);
} if (ret == -1) {
aom_internal_error(cpi->common.error, AOM_CODEC_MEM_ERROR, "Error allocating buffers in identify_regions");
}
}
int cur_region_idx =
find_regions_index(p_rc->regions, p_rc->num_regions,
rc->frames_since_key - p_rc->regions_offset); if ((cur_region_idx >= 0 &&
p_rc->regions[cur_region_idx].type == SCENECUT_REGION) ||
rc->frames_since_key == 0) { // If we start from a scenecut, then the last GOP's arf boost is not // needed for this GOP.
cpi->ppi->gf_state.arf_gf_boost_lst = 0;
}
int need_gf_len = 1; #if CONFIG_THREE_PASS if (cpi->third_pass_ctx && oxcf->pass == AOM_RC_THIRD_PASS) { // set up bitstream to read if (!cpi->third_pass_ctx->input_file_name && oxcf->two_pass_output) {
cpi->third_pass_ctx->input_file_name = oxcf->two_pass_output;
}
av1_open_second_pass_log(cpi, 1);
THIRD_PASS_GOP_INFO *gop_info = &cpi->third_pass_ctx->gop_info; // Read in GOP information from the second pass file.
av1_read_second_pass_gop_info(cpi->second_pass_log_stream, gop_info,
cpi->common.error); #if CONFIG_BITRATE_ACCURACY
TPL_INFO *tpl_info;
AOM_CHECK_MEM_ERROR(cpi->common.error, tpl_info,
aom_malloc(sizeof(*tpl_info)));
av1_read_tpl_info(tpl_info, cpi->second_pass_log_stream,
cpi->common.error);
aom_free(tpl_info); #if CONFIG_THREE_PASS // TODO(angiebird): Put this part into a func
cpi->vbr_rc_info.cur_gop_idx++; #endif// CONFIG_THREE_PASS #endif// CONFIG_BITRATE_ACCURACY // Read in third_pass_info from the bitstream.
av1_set_gop_third_pass(cpi->third_pass_ctx); // Read in per-frame info from second-pass encoding
av1_read_second_pass_per_frame_info(
cpi->second_pass_log_stream, cpi->third_pass_ctx->frame_info,
gop_info->num_frames, cpi->common.error);
if (need_gf_len) { // If we cannot obtain GF group length from second_pass_file // TODO(jingning): Resolve the redundant calls here. if (rc->intervals_till_gf_calculate_due == 0 || 1) {
calculate_gf_length(cpi, max_gop_length, MAX_NUM_GF_INTERVALS);
}
if (max_gop_length > 16 && oxcf->algo_cfg.enable_tpl_model &&
oxcf->gf_cfg.lag_in_frames >= 32 &&
cpi->sf.tpl_sf.gop_length_decision_method != 3) { int this_idx = rc->frames_since_key +
p_rc->gf_intervals[p_rc->cur_gf_index] -
p_rc->regions_offset - 1; int this_region =
find_regions_index(p_rc->regions, p_rc->num_regions, this_idx); int next_region =
find_regions_index(p_rc->regions, p_rc->num_regions, this_idx + 1); // TODO(angiebird): Figure out why this_region and next_region are -1 in // unit test like AltRefFramePresenceTestLarge (aomedia:3134) int is_last_scenecut =
p_rc->gf_intervals[p_rc->cur_gf_index] >= rc->frames_to_key ||
(this_region != -1 &&
p_rc->regions[this_region].type == SCENECUT_REGION) ||
(next_region != -1 &&
p_rc->regions[next_region].type == SCENECUT_REGION);
int ori_gf_int = p_rc->gf_intervals[p_rc->cur_gf_index];
if (p_rc->gf_intervals[p_rc->cur_gf_index] > 16 &&
rc->min_gf_interval <= 16) { // The calculate_gf_length function is previously used with // max_gop_length = 32 with look-ahead gf intervals.
define_gf_group(cpi, frame_params, 0);
av1_tf_info_filtering(&cpi->ppi->tf_info, cpi, gf_group);
this_frame = this_frame_copy;
if (is_shorter_gf_interval_better(cpi, frame_params)) { // A shorter gf interval is better. // TODO(jingning): Remove redundant computations here.
max_gop_length = 16;
calculate_gf_length(cpi, max_gop_length, 1); if (is_last_scenecut &&
(ori_gf_int - p_rc->gf_intervals[p_rc->cur_gf_index] < 4)) {
p_rc->gf_intervals[p_rc->cur_gf_index] = ori_gf_int;
}
}
}
}
}
define_gf_group(cpi, frame_params, 0);
if (gf_group->update_type[cpi->gf_frame_index] != ARF_UPDATE &&
rc->frames_since_key > 0)
process_first_pass_stats(cpi, &this_frame);
define_gf_group(cpi, frame_params, 1);
#if CONFIG_THREE_PASS // write gop info if needed for third pass. Per-frame info is written after // each frame is encoded.
av1_write_second_pass_gop_info(cpi); #endif// CONFIG_THREE_PASS
const FIRSTPASS_STATS *const this_frame_ptr =
read_frame_stats(twopass, &cpi->twopass_frame,
gf_group->arf_src_offset[cpi->gf_frame_index]);
set_twopass_params_based_on_fp_stats(cpi, this_frame_ptr);
} else { // Back up this frame's stats for updating total stats during post encode.
cpi->twopass_frame.this_frame = update_total_stats ? start_pos : NULL;
}
frame_rate = 10000000.0 * stats->count / stats->duration; // Each frame can have a different duration, as the frame rate in the source // isn't guaranteed to be constant. The frame rate prior to the first frame // encoded in the second pass is a guess. However, the sum duration is not. // It is calculated based on the actual durations of all frames from the // first pass.
av1_new_framerate(cpi, frame_rate);
twopass->bits_left =
(int64_t)(stats->duration * oxcf->rc_cfg.target_bandwidth / 10000000.0);
// Initialize bits per macro_block estimate correction factor.
twopass->bpm_factor = 1.0; // Initialize actual and target bits counters for ARF groups so that // at the start we have a neutral bpm adjustment.
twopass->rolling_arf_group_target_bits = 1;
twopass->rolling_arf_group_actual_bits = 1;
}
// Initialize bits per macro_block estimate correction factor.
twopass->bpm_factor = 1.0; // Initialize actual and target bits counters for ARF groups so that // at the start we have a neutral bpm adjustment.
twopass->rolling_arf_group_target_bits = 1;
twopass->rolling_arf_group_actual_bits = 1;
}
// VBR correction is done through rc->vbr_bits_off_target. Based on the // sign of this value, a limited % adjustment is made to the target rate // of subsequent frames, to try and push it back towards 0. This method // is designed to prevent extreme behaviour at the end of a clip // or group of frames.
p_rc->vbr_bits_off_target += rc->base_frame_target - rc->projected_frame_size;
twopass->bits_left = AOMMAX(twopass->bits_left - rc->base_frame_target, 0);
if (cpi->do_update_vbr_bits_off_target_fast) { // Subtract current frame's fast_extra_bits.
p_rc->vbr_bits_off_target_fast -= rc->frame_level_fast_extra_bits;
rc->frame_level_fast_extra_bits = 0;
}
// Target vs actual bits for this arf group. if (twopass->rolling_arf_group_target_bits >
INT_MAX - rc->base_frame_target) {
twopass->rolling_arf_group_target_bits = INT_MAX;
} else {
twopass->rolling_arf_group_target_bits += rc->base_frame_target;
}
twopass->rolling_arf_group_actual_bits += rc->projected_frame_size;
#if CONFIG_FPMT_TEST /* The variables temp_vbr_bits_off_target, temp_bits_left, * temp_rolling_arf_group_target_bits, temp_rolling_arf_group_actual_bits * temp_rate_error_estimate are introduced for quality simulation purpose, * it retains the value previous to the parallel encode frames. The * variables are updated based on the update flag. * * If there exist show_existing_frames between parallel frames, then to
* retain the temp state do not update it. */ constint simulate_parallel_frame =
cpi->ppi->fpmt_unit_test_cfg == PARALLEL_SIMULATION_ENCODE; int show_existing_between_parallel_frames =
(cpi->ppi->gf_group.update_type[cpi->gf_frame_index] ==
INTNL_OVERLAY_UPDATE &&
cpi->ppi->gf_group.frame_parallel_level[cpi->gf_frame_index + 1] == 2);
if (cpi->do_frame_data_update && !show_existing_between_parallel_frames &&
simulate_parallel_frame) {
cpi->ppi->p_rc.temp_vbr_bits_off_target = p_rc->vbr_bits_off_target;
cpi->ppi->p_rc.temp_bits_left = twopass->bits_left;
cpi->ppi->p_rc.temp_rolling_arf_group_target_bits =
twopass->rolling_arf_group_target_bits;
cpi->ppi->p_rc.temp_rolling_arf_group_actual_bits =
twopass->rolling_arf_group_actual_bits;
cpi->ppi->p_rc.temp_rate_error_estimate = p_rc->rate_error_estimate;
} #endif // Update the active best quality pyramid. if (!rc->is_src_frame_alt_ref) { constint pyramid_level =
cpi->ppi->gf_group.layer_depth[cpi->gf_frame_index]; int i; for (i = pyramid_level; i <= MAX_ARF_LAYERS; ++i) {
p_rc->active_best_quality[i] = cpi->common.quant_params.base_qindex; #if CONFIG_TUNE_VMAF if (cpi->vmaf_info.original_qindex != -1 &&
(cpi->oxcf.tune_cfg.tuning >= AOM_TUNE_VMAF_WITH_PREPROCESSING &&
cpi->oxcf.tune_cfg.tuning <= AOM_TUNE_VMAF_NEG_MAX_GAIN)) {
p_rc->active_best_quality[i] = cpi->vmaf_info.original_qindex;
} #endif
}
}
// If the rate control is drifting consider adjustment to min or maxq. if ((rc_cfg->mode != AOM_Q) && !cpi->rc.is_src_frame_alt_ref &&
(p_rc->rolling_target_bits > 0)) { int minq_adj_limit; int maxq_adj_limit;
minq_adj_limit =
(rc_cfg->mode == AOM_CQ ? MINQ_ADJ_LIMIT_CQ : MINQ_ADJ_LIMIT);
maxq_adj_limit = (rc->worst_quality - rc->active_worst_quality);
// If there is a big and undexpected undershoot then feed the extra // bits back in quickly. One situation where this may happen is if a // frame is unexpectedly almost perfectly predicted by the ARF or GF // but not very well predcited by the previous frame. if (!frame_is_kf_gf_arf(cpi) && !cpi->rc.is_src_frame_alt_ref) { int fast_extra_thresh = rc->base_frame_target / HIGH_UNDERSHOOT_RATIO; if (rc->projected_frame_size < fast_extra_thresh) {
p_rc->vbr_bits_off_target_fast +=
fast_extra_thresh - rc->projected_frame_size;
p_rc->vbr_bits_off_target_fast =
AOMMIN(p_rc->vbr_bits_off_target_fast,
(4 * (int64_t)rc->avg_frame_bandwidth));
}
}
// Update the frame probabilities obtained from parallel encode frames
FrameProbInfo *const frame_probs = &cpi->ppi->frame_probs; #if CONFIG_FPMT_TEST /* The variable temp_active_best_quality is introduced only for quality * simulation purpose, it retains the value previous to the parallel * encode frames. The variable is updated based on the update flag. * * If there exist show_existing_frames between parallel frames, then to
* retain the temp state do not update it. */ if (cpi->do_frame_data_update && !show_existing_between_parallel_frames &&
simulate_parallel_frame) { int i; constint pyramid_level =
cpi->ppi->gf_group.layer_depth[cpi->gf_frame_index]; if (!rc->is_src_frame_alt_ref) { for (i = pyramid_level; i <= MAX_ARF_LAYERS; ++i)
cpi->ppi->p_rc.temp_active_best_quality[i] =
p_rc->active_best_quality[i];
}
}
// Update the frame probabilities obtained from parallel encode frames
FrameProbInfo *const temp_frame_probs_simulation =
simulate_parallel_frame ? &cpi->ppi->temp_frame_probs_simulation
: frame_probs;
FrameProbInfo *const temp_frame_probs =
simulate_parallel_frame ? &cpi->ppi->temp_frame_probs : NULL; #endif int i, j, loop; // Sequentially do average on temp_frame_probs_simulation which holds // probabilities of last frame before parallel encode for (loop = 0; loop <= cpi->num_frame_recode; loop++) { // Sequentially update tx_type_probs if (cpi->do_update_frame_probs_txtype[loop] &&
(cpi->ppi->gf_group.frame_parallel_level[cpi->gf_frame_index] > 0)) { const FRAME_UPDATE_TYPE update_type =
get_frame_update_type(&cpi->ppi->gf_group, cpi->gf_frame_index); for (i = 0; i < TX_SIZES_ALL; i++) { int left = 1024;
for (j = TX_TYPES - 1; j >= 0; j--) { constint new_prob =
cpi->frame_new_probs[loop].tx_type_probs[update_type][i][j]; #if CONFIG_FPMT_TEST int prob =
(temp_frame_probs_simulation->tx_type_probs[update_type][i][j] +
new_prob) >>
1;
left -= prob; if (j == 0) prob += left;
temp_frame_probs_simulation->tx_type_probs[update_type][i][j] = prob; #else int prob =
(frame_probs->tx_type_probs[update_type][i][j] + new_prob) >> 1;
left -= prob; if (j == 0) prob += left;
frame_probs->tx_type_probs[update_type][i][j] = prob; #endif
}
}
}
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