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// © 2016 and later: Unicode, Inc. and others. // License & terms of use: http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html /* ********************************************************************** * Copyright (C) 1998-2016, International Business Machines * Corporation and others. All Rights Reserved. ********************************************************************** * * File unistr.h * * Modification History: * * Date Name Description * 09/25/98 stephen Creation. * 11/11/98 stephen Changed per 11/9 code review. * 04/20/99 stephen Overhauled per 4/16 code review. * 11/18/99 aliu Made to inherit from Replaceable. Added method * handleReplaceBetween(); other methods unchanged. * 06/25/01 grhoten Remove dependency on iostream. ****************************************************************************** */ #ifndef UNISTR_H #define UNISTR_H /** * \file * \brief C++ API: Unicode String */ #include "unicode/utypes.h" #if U_SHOW_CPLUSPLUS_API #include <cstddef> #include <string_view> #include "unicode/char16ptr.h" #include "unicode/rep.h" #include "unicode/std_string.h" #include "unicode/stringpiece.h" #include "unicode/bytestream.h" struct UConverter; // unicode/ucnv.h #ifndef USTRING_H /** * \ingroup ustring_ustrlen * @param s Pointer to sequence of UChars. * @return Length of sequence. */ U_CAPI int32_t U_EXPORT2 u_strlen(const UChar *s); #endif U_NAMESPACE_BEGIN #if !UCONFIG_NO_BREAK_ITERATION class BreakIterator; // unicode/brkiter.h #endif class Edits; U_NAMESPACE_END // Not #ifndef U_HIDE_INTERNAL_API because UnicodeString needs the UStringCaseMapper. /** * Internal string case mapping function type. * All error checking must be done. * src and dest must not overlap. * @internal */ typedef int32_t U_CALLCONV UStringCaseMapper(int32_t caseLocale, uint32_t options, #if !UCONFIG_NO_BREAK_ITERATION icu::BreakIterator *iter, #endif char16_t *dest, int32_t destCapacity, const char16_t *src, int32_t srcLength, icu::Edits *edits, UErrorCode &errorCode); U_NAMESPACE_BEGIN class Locale; // unicode/locid.h class StringCharacterIterator; class UnicodeStringAppendable; // unicode/appendable.h /* The <iostream> include has been moved to unicode/ustream.h */ /** * Constant to be used in the UnicodeString(char *, int32_t, EInvariant) constructor * which constructs a Unicode string from an invariant-character char * string. * About invariant characters see utypes.h. * This constructor has no runtime dependency on conversion code and is * therefore recommended over ones taking a charset name string * (where the empty string "" indicates invariant-character conversion). * * @stable ICU 3.2 */ #define US_INV icu::UnicodeString::kInvariant /** * \def UNICODE_STRING * Obsolete macro approximating UnicodeString literals. * * Prior to the availability of C++11 and u"UTF-16 string literals", * this macro was provided for portability and efficiency when * initializing UnicodeStrings from literals. * * Since C++17 and ICU 76, you can use UTF-16 string literals with compile-time * length determination: * \code * UnicodeString str(u"literal"); * if (str == u"other literal") { ... } * \endcode * * The string parameter must be a C string literal. * The length of the string, not including the terminating * `NUL`, must be specified as a constant. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ #if !U_CHAR16_IS_TYPEDEF # define UNICODE_STRING(cs, _length) icu::UnicodeString(true, u ## cs, _length) #else # define UNICODE_STRING(cs, _length) icu::UnicodeString(true, (const char16_t*)u ## cs, _ #endif /** * Unicode String literals in C++. * Obsolete macro approximating UnicodeString literals. * See UNICODE_STRING. * * The string parameter must be a C string literal. * @stable ICU 2.0 * @see UNICODE_STRING */ #define UNICODE_STRING_SIMPLE(cs) UNICODE_STRING(cs, -1) /** * \def UNISTR_FROM_CHAR_EXPLICIT * This can be defined to be empty or "explicit". * If explicit, then the UnicodeString(char16_t) and UnicodeString(UChar32) * constructors are marked as explicit, preventing their inadvertent use. * @stable ICU 49 */ #ifndef UNISTR_FROM_CHAR_EXPLICIT # if defined(U_COMBINED_IMPLEMENTATION) || defined(U_COMMON_IMPLEMENTATION) || defined // Auto-"explicit" in ICU library code. # define UNISTR_FROM_CHAR_EXPLICIT explicit # else // Empty by default for source code compatibility. # define UNISTR_FROM_CHAR_EXPLICIT # endif #endif /** * \def UNISTR_FROM_STRING_EXPLICIT * This can be defined to be empty or "explicit". * If explicit, then the UnicodeString(const char *) and UnicodeString(const char16_t *) * constructors are marked as explicit, preventing their inadvertent use. * * In particular, this helps prevent accidentally depending on ICU conversion code * by passing a string literal into an API with a const UnicodeString & parameter. * @stable ICU 49 */ #ifndef UNISTR_FROM_STRING_EXPLICIT # if defined(U_COMBINED_IMPLEMENTATION) || defined(U_COMMON_IMPLEMENTATION) || defined // Auto-"explicit" in ICU library code. # define UNISTR_FROM_STRING_EXPLICIT explicit # else // Empty by default for source code compatibility. # define UNISTR_FROM_STRING_EXPLICIT # endif #endif /** * \def UNISTR_OBJECT_SIZE * Desired sizeof(UnicodeString) in bytes. * It should be a multiple of sizeof(pointer) to avoid unusable space for padding. * The object size may want to be a multiple of 16 bytes, * which is a common granularity for heap allocation. * * Any space inside the object beyond sizeof(vtable pointer) + 2 * is available for storing short strings inside the object. * The bigger the object, the longer a string that can be stored inside the object, * without additional heap allocation. * * Depending on a platform's pointer size, pointer alignment requirements, * and struct padding, the compiler will usually round up sizeof(UnicodeString) * to 4 * sizeof(pointer) (or 3 * sizeof(pointer) for P128 data models), * to hold the fields for heap-allocated strings. * Such a minimum size also ensures that the object is easily large enough * to hold at least 2 char16_ts, for one supplementary code point (U16_MAX_LENGTH). * * sizeof(UnicodeString) >= 48 should work for all known platforms. * * For example, on a 64-bit machine where sizeof(vtable pointer) is 8, * sizeof(UnicodeString) = 64 would leave space for * (64 - sizeof(vtable pointer) - 2) / U_SIZEOF_UCHAR = (64 - 8 - 2) / 2 = 27 * char16_ts stored inside the object. * * The minimum object size on a 64-bit machine would be * 4 * sizeof(pointer) = 4 * 8 = 32 bytes, * and the internal buffer would hold up to 11 char16_ts in that case. * * @see U16_MAX_LENGTH * @stable ICU 56 */ #ifndef UNISTR_OBJECT_SIZE # define UNISTR_OBJECT_SIZE 64 #endif /** * UnicodeString is a string class that stores Unicode characters directly and provides * similar functionality as the Java String and StringBuffer/StringBuilder classes. * It is a concrete implementation of the abstract class Replaceable (for transliteration). * * The UnicodeString equivalent of std::string’s clear() is remove(). * * Starting with ICU 78, a UnicodeString is a C++ "range" of char16_t code units. * utfStringCodePoints() and unsafeUTFStringCodePoints() can be used to iterate over * the code points. * * A UnicodeString may "alias" an external array of characters * (that is, point to it, rather than own the array) * whose lifetime must then at least match the lifetime of the aliasing object. * This aliasing may be preserved when returning a UnicodeString by value, * depending on the compiler and the function implementation, * via Return Value Optimization (RVO) or the move assignment operator. * (However, the copy assignment operator does not preserve aliasing.) * For details see the description of storage models at the end of the class API docs * and in the User Guide chapter linked from there. * * The UnicodeString class is not suitable for subclassing. * * For an overview of Unicode strings in C and C++ see the * [User Guide Strings chapter](https://unicode-org.github.io/icu/userguide/strings#s * * In ICU, a Unicode string consists of 16-bit Unicode *code units*. * A Unicode character may be stored with either one code unit * (the most common case) or with a matched pair of special code units * ("surrogates"). The data type for code units is char16_t. * For single-character handling, a Unicode character code *point* is a value * in the range 0..0x10ffff. ICU uses the UChar32 type for code points. * * Indexes and offsets into and lengths of strings always count code units, not code points. * This is the same as with multi-byte char* strings in traditional string handling. * Operations on partial strings typically do not test for code point boundaries. * If necessary, the user needs to take care of such boundaries by testing for the code unit * values or by using functions like * UnicodeString::getChar32Start() and UnicodeString::getChar32Limit() * (or, in C, the equivalent macros U16_SET_CP_START() and U16_SET_CP_LIMIT(), see utf.h). * * UnicodeString methods are more lenient with regard to input parameter values * than other ICU APIs. In particular: * - If indexes are out of bounds for a UnicodeString object * (< 0 or > length()) then they are "pinned" to the nearest boundary. * - If the buffer passed to an insert/append/replace operation is owned by the * target object, e.g., calling str.append(str), an extra copy may take place * to ensure safety. * - If primitive string pointer values (e.g., const char16_t * or char *) * for input strings are nullptr, then those input string parameters are treated * as if they pointed to an empty string. * However, this is *not* the case for char * parameters for charset names * or other IDs. * - Most UnicodeString methods do not take a UErrorCode parameter because * there are usually very few opportunities for failure other than a shortage * of memory, error codes in low-level C++ string methods would be inconvenient, * and the error code as the last parameter (ICU convention) would prevent * the use of default parameter values. * Instead, such methods set the UnicodeString into a "bogus" state * (see isBogus()) if an error occurs. * * In string comparisons, two UnicodeString objects that are both "bogus" * compare equal (to be transitive and prevent endless loops in sorting), * and a "bogus" string compares less than any non-"bogus" one. * * Const UnicodeString methods are thread-safe. Multiple threads can use * const methods on the same UnicodeString object simultaneously, * but non-const methods must not be called concurrently (in multiple threads) * with any other (const or non-const) methods. * * Similarly, const UnicodeString & parameters are thread-safe. * One object may be passed in as such a parameter concurrently in multiple threads. * This includes the const UnicodeString & parameters for * copy construction, assignment, and cloning. * * UnicodeString uses several storage methods. * String contents can be stored inside the UnicodeString object itself, * in an allocated and shared buffer, or in an outside buffer that is "aliased". * Most of this is done transparently, but careful aliasing in particular provides * significant performance improvements. * Also, the internal buffer is accessible via special functions. * For details see the * [User Guide Strings chapter](https://unicode-org.github.io/icu/userguide/strings#m * * @see utf.h * @see utfiterator.h * @see utfStringCodePoints * @see unsafeUTFStringCodePoints * @see CharacterIterator * @stable ICU 2.0 */ class U_COMMON_API UnicodeString : public Replaceable { public: /** C++ boilerplate @internal */ using value_type = char16_t; /** * Constant to be used in the UnicodeString(char *, int32_t, EInvariant) constructor * which constructs a Unicode string from an invariant-character char * string. * Use the macro US_INV instead of the full qualification for this value. * * @see US_INV * @stable ICU 3.2 */ enum EInvariant { /** * @see EInvariant * @stable ICU 3.2 */ kInvariant }; //======================================== // Read-only operations //======================================== /* Comparison - bitwise only - for international comparison use collation */ /** * Equality operator. Performs only bitwise comparison. * @param text The UnicodeString to compare to this one. * @return true if `text` contains the same characters as this one, * false otherwise. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline bool operator== (const UnicodeString& text) const; /** * Equality operator. Performs only bitwise comparison with `text` * which is, or which is implicitly convertible to, * a std::u16string_view or (if U_SIZEOF_WCHAR_T==2) std::wstring_view. * * For performance, you can use UTF-16 string literals with compile-time * length determination: * \code * UnicodeString str = ...; * if (str == u"literal") { ... } * \endcode * @param text The string view to compare to this string. * @return true if `text` contains the same characters as this one, false otherwise. * @stable ICU 76 */ template<typename S, typename = std::enable_if_t<ConvertibleToU16StringView<S>>> inline bool operator==(const S &text) const { std::u16string_view sv(internal::toU16StringView(text)); uint32_t len; // unsigned to avoid a compiler warning return !isBogus() && (len = length()) == sv.length() && doEquals(sv.data(), len); } /** * Inequality operator. Performs only bitwise comparison. * @param text The UnicodeString to compare to this one. * @return false if `text` contains the same characters as this one, * true otherwise. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline bool operator!= (const UnicodeString& text) const; /** * Inequality operator. Performs only bitwise comparison with `text` * which is, or which is implicitly convertible to, * a std::u16string_view or (if U_SIZEOF_WCHAR_T==2) std::wstring_view. * * For performance, you can use std::u16string_view literals with compile-time * length determination: * \code * #include <string_view> * using namespace std::string_view_literals; * UnicodeString str = ...; * if (str != u"literal"sv) { ... } * \endcode * @param text The string view to compare to this string. * @return false if `text` contains the same characters as this one, true otherwise. * @stable ICU 76 */ template<typename S, typename = std::enable_if_t<ConvertibleToU16StringView<S>>> inline bool operator!=(const S &text) const { return !operator==(text); } /** * Greater than operator. Performs only bitwise comparison. * @param text The UnicodeString to compare to this one. * @return true if the characters in this are bitwise * greater than the characters in `text`, false otherwise * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UBool operator> (const UnicodeString& text) const; /** * Less than operator. Performs only bitwise comparison. * @param text The UnicodeString to compare to this one. * @return true if the characters in this are bitwise * less than the characters in `text`, false otherwise * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UBool operator< (const UnicodeString& text) const; /** * Greater than or equal operator. Performs only bitwise comparison. * @param text The UnicodeString to compare to this one. * @return true if the characters in this are bitwise * greater than or equal to the characters in `text`, false otherwise * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UBool operator>= (const UnicodeString& text) const; /** * Less than or equal operator. Performs only bitwise comparison. * @param text The UnicodeString to compare to this one. * @return true if the characters in this are bitwise * less than or equal to the characters in `text`, false otherwise * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UBool operator<= (const UnicodeString& text) const; /** * Compare the characters bitwise in this UnicodeString to * the characters in `text`. * @param text The UnicodeString to compare to this one. * @return The result of bitwise character comparison: 0 if this * contains the same characters as `text`, -1 if the characters in * this are bitwise less than the characters in `text`, +1 if the * characters in this are bitwise greater than the characters * in `text`. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int8_t compare(const UnicodeString& text) const; /** * Compare the characters bitwise in the range * [`start`, `start + length`) with the characters * in the **entire string** `text`. * (The parameters "start" and "length" are not applied to the other text "text".) * @param start the offset at which the compare operation begins * @param length the number of characters of text to compare. * @param text the other text to be compared against this string. * @return The result of bitwise character comparison: 0 if this * contains the same characters as `text`, -1 if the characters in * this are bitwise less than the characters in `text`, +1 if the * characters in this are bitwise greater than the characters * in `text`. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int8_t compare(int32_t start, int32_t length, const UnicodeString& text) const; /** * Compare the characters bitwise in the range * [`start`, `start + length`) with the characters * in `srcText` in the range * [`srcStart`, `srcStart + srcLength`). * @param start the offset at which the compare operation begins * @param length the number of characters in this to compare. * @param srcText the text to be compared * @param srcStart the offset into `srcText` to start comparison * @param srcLength the number of characters in `src` to compare * @return The result of bitwise character comparison: 0 if this * contains the same characters as `srcText`, -1 if the characters in * this are bitwise less than the characters in `srcText`, +1 if the * characters in this are bitwise greater than the characters * in `srcText`. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int8_t compare(int32_t start, int32_t length, const UnicodeString& srcText, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength) const; /** * Compare the characters bitwise in this UnicodeString with the first * `srcLength` characters in `srcChars`. * @param srcChars The characters to compare to this UnicodeString. * @param srcLength the number of characters in `srcChars` to compare * @return The result of bitwise character comparison: 0 if this * contains the same characters as `srcChars`, -1 if the characters in * this are bitwise less than the characters in `srcChars`, +1 if the * characters in this are bitwise greater than the characters * in `srcChars`. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int8_t compare(ConstChar16Ptr srcChars, int32_t srcLength) const; /** * Compare the characters bitwise in the range * [`start`, `start + length`) with the first * `length` characters in `srcChars` * @param start the offset at which the compare operation begins * @param length the number of characters to compare. * @param srcChars the characters to be compared * @return The result of bitwise character comparison: 0 if this * contains the same characters as `srcChars`, -1 if the characters in * this are bitwise less than the characters in `srcChars`, +1 if the * characters in this are bitwise greater than the characters * in `srcChars`. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int8_t compare(int32_t start, int32_t length, const char16_t *srcChars) const; /** * Compare the characters bitwise in the range * [`start`, `start + length`) with the characters * in `srcChars` in the range * [`srcStart`, `srcStart + srcLength`). * @param start the offset at which the compare operation begins * @param length the number of characters in this to compare * @param srcChars the characters to be compared * @param srcStart the offset into `srcChars` to start comparison * @param srcLength the number of characters in `srcChars` to compare * @return The result of bitwise character comparison: 0 if this * contains the same characters as `srcChars`, -1 if the characters in * this are bitwise less than the characters in `srcChars`, +1 if the * characters in this are bitwise greater than the characters * in `srcChars`. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int8_t compare(int32_t start, int32_t length, const char16_t *srcChars, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength) const; /** * Compare the characters bitwise in the range * [`start`, `limit`) with the characters * in `srcText` in the range * [`srcStart`, `srcLimit`). * @param start the offset at which the compare operation begins * @param limit the offset immediately following the compare operation * @param srcText the text to be compared * @param srcStart the offset into `srcText` to start comparison * @param srcLimit the offset into `srcText` to limit comparison * @return The result of bitwise character comparison: 0 if this * contains the same characters as `srcText`, -1 if the characters in * this are bitwise less than the characters in `srcText`, +1 if the * characters in this are bitwise greater than the characters * in `srcText`. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int8_t compareBetween(int32_t start, int32_t limit, const UnicodeString& srcText, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLimit) const; /** * Compare two Unicode strings in code point order. * The result may be different from the results of compare(), operator<, etc. * if supplementary characters are present: * * In UTF-16, supplementary characters (with code points U+10000 and above) are * stored with pairs of surrogate code units. These have values from 0xd800 to 0xdfff, * which means that they compare as less than some other BMP characters like U+feff. * This function compares Unicode strings in code point order. * If either of the UTF-16 strings is malformed (i.e., it contains unpaired surrogates), then th * * @param text Another string to compare this one to. * @return a negative/zero/positive integer corresponding to whether * this string is less than/equal to/greater than the second one * in code point order * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int8_t compareCodePointOrder(const UnicodeString& text) const; /** * Compare two Unicode strings in code point order. * The result may be different from the results of compare(), operator<, etc. * if supplementary characters are present: * * In UTF-16, supplementary characters (with code points U+10000 and above) are * stored with pairs of surrogate code units. These have values from 0xd800 to 0xdfff, * which means that they compare as less than some other BMP characters like U+feff. * This function compares Unicode strings in code point order. * If either of the UTF-16 strings is malformed (i.e., it contains unpaired surrogates), then th * * @param start The start offset in this string at which the compare operation begins. * @param length The number of code units from this string to compare. * @param srcText Another string to compare this one to. * @return a negative/zero/positive integer corresponding to whether * this string is less than/equal to/greater than the second one * in code point order * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int8_t compareCodePointOrder(int32_t start, int32_t length, const UnicodeString& srcText) const; /** * Compare two Unicode strings in code point order. * The result may be different from the results of compare(), operator<, etc. * if supplementary characters are present: * * In UTF-16, supplementary characters (with code points U+10000 and above) are * stored with pairs of surrogate code units. These have values from 0xd800 to 0xdfff, * which means that they compare as less than some other BMP characters like U+feff. * This function compares Unicode strings in code point order. * If either of the UTF-16 strings is malformed (i.e., it contains unpaired surrogates), then th * * @param start The start offset in this string at which the compare operation begins. * @param length The number of code units from this string to compare. * @param srcText Another string to compare this one to. * @param srcStart The start offset in that string at which the compare operation begins. * @param srcLength The number of code units from that string to compare. * @return a negative/zero/positive integer corresponding to whether * this string is less than/equal to/greater than the second one * in code point order * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int8_t compareCodePointOrder(int32_t start, int32_t length, const UnicodeString& srcText, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength) const; /** * Compare two Unicode strings in code point order. * The result may be different from the results of compare(), operator<, etc. * if supplementary characters are present: * * In UTF-16, supplementary characters (with code points U+10000 and above) are * stored with pairs of surrogate code units. These have values from 0xd800 to 0xdfff, * which means that they compare as less than some other BMP characters like U+feff. * This function compares Unicode strings in code point order. * If either of the UTF-16 strings is malformed (i.e., it contains unpaired surrogates), then th * * @param srcChars A pointer to another string to compare this one to. * @param srcLength The number of code units from that string to compare. * @return a negative/zero/positive integer corresponding to whether * this string is less than/equal to/greater than the second one * in code point order * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int8_t compareCodePointOrder(ConstChar16Ptr srcChars, int32_t srcLength) const; /** * Compare two Unicode strings in code point order. * The result may be different from the results of compare(), operator<, etc. * if supplementary characters are present: * * In UTF-16, supplementary characters (with code points U+10000 and above) are * stored with pairs of surrogate code units. These have values from 0xd800 to 0xdfff, * which means that they compare as less than some other BMP characters like U+feff. * This function compares Unicode strings in code point order. * If either of the UTF-16 strings is malformed (i.e., it contains unpaired surrogates), then th * * @param start The start offset in this string at which the compare operation begins. * @param length The number of code units from this string to compare. * @param srcChars A pointer to another string to compare this one to. * @return a negative/zero/positive integer corresponding to whether * this string is less than/equal to/greater than the second one * in code point order * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int8_t compareCodePointOrder(int32_t start, int32_t length, const char16_t *srcChars) const; /** * Compare two Unicode strings in code point order. * The result may be different from the results of compare(), operator<, etc. * if supplementary characters are present: * * In UTF-16, supplementary characters (with code points U+10000 and above) are * stored with pairs of surrogate code units. These have values from 0xd800 to 0xdfff, * which means that they compare as less than some other BMP characters like U+feff. * This function compares Unicode strings in code point order. * If either of the UTF-16 strings is malformed (i.e., it contains unpaired surrogates), then th * * @param start The start offset in this string at which the compare operation begins. * @param length The number of code units from this string to compare. * @param srcChars A pointer to another string to compare this one to. * @param srcStart The start offset in that string at which the compare operation begins. * @param srcLength The number of code units from that string to compare. * @return a negative/zero/positive integer corresponding to whether * this string is less than/equal to/greater than the second one * in code point order * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int8_t compareCodePointOrder(int32_t start, int32_t length, const char16_t *srcChars, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength) const; /** * Compare two Unicode strings in code point order. * The result may be different from the results of compare(), operator<, etc. * if supplementary characters are present: * * In UTF-16, supplementary characters (with code points U+10000 and above) are * stored with pairs of surrogate code units. These have values from 0xd800 to 0xdfff, * which means that they compare as less than some other BMP characters like U+feff. * This function compares Unicode strings in code point order. * If either of the UTF-16 strings is malformed (i.e., it contains unpaired surrogates), then th * * @param start The start offset in this string at which the compare operation begins. * @param limit The offset after the last code unit from this string to compare. * @param srcText Another string to compare this one to. * @param srcStart The start offset in that string at which the compare operation begins. * @param srcLimit The offset after the last code unit from that string to compare. * @return a negative/zero/positive integer corresponding to whether * this string is less than/equal to/greater than the second one * in code point order * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int8_t compareCodePointOrderBetween(int32_t start, int32_t limit, const UnicodeString& srcText, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLimit) const; /** * Compare two strings case-insensitively using full case folding. * This is equivalent to this->foldCase(options).compare(text.foldCase(options)). * * @param text Another string to compare this one to. * @param options A bit set of options: * - U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT or 0 is used for default options: * Comparison in code unit order with default case folding. * * - U_COMPARE_CODE_POINT_ORDER * Set to choose code point order instead of code unit order * (see u_strCompare for details). * * - U_FOLD_CASE_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I * * @return A negative, zero, or positive integer indicating the comparison result. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int8_t caseCompare(const UnicodeString& text, uint32_t options) const; /** * Compare two strings case-insensitively using full case folding. * This is equivalent to this->foldCase(options).compare(srcText.foldCase(options)). * * @param start The start offset in this string at which the compare operation begins. * @param length The number of code units from this string to compare. * @param srcText Another string to compare this one to. * @param options A bit set of options: * - U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT or 0 is used for default options: * Comparison in code unit order with default case folding. * * - U_COMPARE_CODE_POINT_ORDER * Set to choose code point order instead of code unit order * (see u_strCompare for details). * * - U_FOLD_CASE_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I * * @return A negative, zero, or positive integer indicating the comparison result. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int8_t caseCompare(int32_t start, int32_t length, const UnicodeString& srcText, uint32_t options) const; /** * Compare two strings case-insensitively using full case folding. * This is equivalent to this->foldCase(options).compare(srcText.foldCase(options)). * * @param start The start offset in this string at which the compare operation begins. * @param length The number of code units from this string to compare. * @param srcText Another string to compare this one to. * @param srcStart The start offset in that string at which the compare operation begins. * @param srcLength The number of code units from that string to compare. * @param options A bit set of options: * - U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT or 0 is used for default options: * Comparison in code unit order with default case folding. * * - U_COMPARE_CODE_POINT_ORDER * Set to choose code point order instead of code unit order * (see u_strCompare for details). * * - U_FOLD_CASE_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I * * @return A negative, zero, or positive integer indicating the comparison result. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int8_t caseCompare(int32_t start, int32_t length, const UnicodeString& srcText, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength, uint32_t options) const; /** * Compare two strings case-insensitively using full case folding. * This is equivalent to this->foldCase(options).compare(srcChars.foldCase(options)). * * @param srcChars A pointer to another string to compare this one to. * @param srcLength The number of code units from that string to compare. * @param options A bit set of options: * - U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT or 0 is used for default options: * Comparison in code unit order with default case folding. * * - U_COMPARE_CODE_POINT_ORDER * Set to choose code point order instead of code unit order * (see u_strCompare for details). * * - U_FOLD_CASE_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I * * @return A negative, zero, or positive integer indicating the comparison result. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int8_t caseCompare(ConstChar16Ptr srcChars, int32_t srcLength, uint32_t options) const; /** * Compare two strings case-insensitively using full case folding. * This is equivalent to this->foldCase(options).compare(srcChars.foldCase(options)). * * @param start The start offset in this string at which the compare operation begins. * @param length The number of code units from this string to compare. * @param srcChars A pointer to another string to compare this one to. * @param options A bit set of options: * - U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT or 0 is used for default options: * Comparison in code unit order with default case folding. * * - U_COMPARE_CODE_POINT_ORDER * Set to choose code point order instead of code unit order * (see u_strCompare for details). * * - U_FOLD_CASE_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I * * @return A negative, zero, or positive integer indicating the comparison result. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int8_t caseCompare(int32_t start, int32_t length, const char16_t *srcChars, uint32_t options) const; /** * Compare two strings case-insensitively using full case folding. * This is equivalent to this->foldCase(options).compare(srcChars.foldCase(options)). * * @param start The start offset in this string at which the compare operation begins. * @param length The number of code units from this string to compare. * @param srcChars A pointer to another string to compare this one to. * @param srcStart The start offset in that string at which the compare operation begins. * @param srcLength The number of code units from that string to compare. * @param options A bit set of options: * - U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT or 0 is used for default options: * Comparison in code unit order with default case folding. * * - U_COMPARE_CODE_POINT_ORDER * Set to choose code point order instead of code unit order * (see u_strCompare for details). * * - U_FOLD_CASE_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I * * @return A negative, zero, or positive integer indicating the comparison result. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int8_t caseCompare(int32_t start, int32_t length, const char16_t *srcChars, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength, uint32_t options) const; /** * Compare two strings case-insensitively using full case folding. * This is equivalent to this->foldCase(options).compareBetween(text.foldCase(options)) * * @param start The start offset in this string at which the compare operation begins. * @param limit The offset after the last code unit from this string to compare. * @param srcText Another string to compare this one to. * @param srcStart The start offset in that string at which the compare operation begins. * @param srcLimit The offset after the last code unit from that string to compare. * @param options A bit set of options: * - U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT or 0 is used for default options: * Comparison in code unit order with default case folding. * * - U_COMPARE_CODE_POINT_ORDER * Set to choose code point order instead of code unit order * (see u_strCompare for details). * * - U_FOLD_CASE_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I * * @return A negative, zero, or positive integer indicating the comparison result. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int8_t caseCompareBetween(int32_t start, int32_t limit, const UnicodeString& srcText, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLimit, uint32_t options) const; /** * Determine if this starts with the characters in `text` * @param text The text to match. * @return true if this starts with the characters in `text`, * false otherwise * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UBool startsWith(const UnicodeString& text) const; /** * Determine if this starts with the characters in `srcText` * in the range [`srcStart`, `srcStart + srcLength`). * @param srcText The text to match. * @param srcStart the offset into `srcText` to start matching * @param srcLength the number of characters in `srcText` to match * @return true if this starts with the characters in `text`, * false otherwise * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UBool startsWith(const UnicodeString& srcText, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength) const; /** * Determine if this starts with the characters in `srcChars` * @param srcChars The characters to match. * @param srcLength the number of characters in `srcChars` * @return true if this starts with the characters in `srcChars`, * false otherwise * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UBool startsWith(ConstChar16Ptr srcChars, int32_t srcLength) const; /** * Determine if this ends with the characters in `srcChars` * in the range [`srcStart`, `srcStart + srcLength`). * @param srcChars The characters to match. * @param srcStart the offset into `srcText` to start matching * @param srcLength the number of characters in `srcChars` to match * @return true if this ends with the characters in `srcChars`, false otherwise * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UBool startsWith(const char16_t *srcChars, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength) const; /** * Determine if this ends with the characters in `text` * @param text The text to match. * @return true if this ends with the characters in `text`, * false otherwise * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UBool endsWith(const UnicodeString& text) const; /** * Determine if this ends with the characters in `srcText` * in the range [`srcStart`, `srcStart + srcLength`). * @param srcText The text to match. * @param srcStart the offset into `srcText` to start matching * @param srcLength the number of characters in `srcText` to match * @return true if this ends with the characters in `text`, * false otherwise * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UBool endsWith(const UnicodeString& srcText, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength) const; /** * Determine if this ends with the characters in `srcChars` * @param srcChars The characters to match. * @param srcLength the number of characters in `srcChars` * @return true if this ends with the characters in `srcChars`, * false otherwise * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UBool endsWith(ConstChar16Ptr srcChars, int32_t srcLength) const; /** * Determine if this ends with the characters in `srcChars` * in the range [`srcStart`, `srcStart + srcLength`). * @param srcChars The characters to match. * @param srcStart the offset into `srcText` to start matching * @param srcLength the number of characters in `srcChars` to match * @return true if this ends with the characters in `srcChars`, * false otherwise * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UBool endsWith(const char16_t *srcChars, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength) const; /* Searching - bitwise only */ /** * Locate in this the first occurrence of the characters in `text`, * using bitwise comparison. * @param text The text to search for. * @return The offset into this of the start of `text`, * or -1 if not found. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int32_t indexOf(const UnicodeString& text) const; /** * Locate in this the first occurrence of the characters in `text` * starting at offset `start`, using bitwise comparison. * @param text The text to search for. * @param start The offset at which searching will start. * @return The offset into this of the start of `text`, * or -1 if not found. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int32_t indexOf(const UnicodeString& text, int32_t start) const; /** * Locate in this the first occurrence in the range * [`start`, `start + length`) of the characters * in `text`, using bitwise comparison. * @param text The text to search for. * @param start The offset at which searching will start. * @param length The number of characters to search * @return The offset into this of the start of `text`, * or -1 if not found. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int32_t indexOf(const UnicodeString& text, int32_t start, int32_t length) const; /** * Locate in this the first occurrence in the range * [`start`, `start + length`) of the characters * in `srcText` in the range * [`srcStart`, `srcStart + srcLength`), * using bitwise comparison. * @param srcText The text to search for. * @param srcStart the offset into `srcText` at which * to start matching * @param srcLength the number of characters in `srcText` to match * @param start the offset into this at which to start matching * @param length the number of characters in this to search * @return The offset into this of the start of `text`, * or -1 if not found. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int32_t indexOf(const UnicodeString& srcText, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength, int32_t start, int32_t length) const; /** * Locate in this the first occurrence of the characters in * `srcChars` * starting at offset `start`, using bitwise comparison. * @param srcChars The text to search for. * @param srcLength the number of characters in `srcChars` to match * @param start the offset into this at which to start matching * @return The offset into this of the start of `text`, * or -1 if not found. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int32_t indexOf(const char16_t *srcChars, int32_t srcLength, int32_t start) const; /** * Locate in this the first occurrence in the range * [`start`, `start + length`) of the characters * in `srcChars`, using bitwise comparison. * @param srcChars The text to search for. * @param srcLength the number of characters in `srcChars` * @param start The offset at which searching will start. * @param length The number of characters to search * @return The offset into this of the start of `srcChars`, * or -1 if not found. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int32_t indexOf(ConstChar16Ptr srcChars, int32_t srcLength, int32_t start, int32_t length) const; /** * Locate in this the first occurrence in the range * [`start`, `start + length`) of the characters * in `srcChars` in the range * [`srcStart`, `srcStart + srcLength`), * using bitwise comparison. * @param srcChars The text to search for. * @param srcStart the offset into `srcChars` at which * to start matching * @param srcLength the number of characters in `srcChars` to match * @param start the offset into this at which to start matching * @param length the number of characters in this to search * @return The offset into this of the start of `text`, * or -1 if not found. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ int32_t indexOf(const char16_t *srcChars, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength, int32_t start, int32_t length) const; /** * Locate in this the first occurrence of the BMP code point `c`, * using bitwise comparison. * @param c The code unit to search for. * @return The offset into this of `c`, or -1 if not found. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int32_t indexOf(char16_t c) const; /** * Locate in this the first occurrence of the code point `c`, * using bitwise comparison. * * @param c The code point to search for. * @return The offset into this of `c`, or -1 if not found. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int32_t indexOf(UChar32 c) const; /** * Locate in this the first occurrence of the BMP code point `c`, * starting at offset `start`, using bitwise comparison. * @param c The code unit to search for. * @param start The offset at which searching will start. * @return The offset into this of `c`, or -1 if not found. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int32_t indexOf(char16_t c, int32_t start) const; /** * Locate in this the first occurrence of the code point `c` * starting at offset `start`, using bitwise comparison. * * @param c The code point to search for. * @param start The offset at which searching will start. * @return The offset into this of `c`, or -1 if not found. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int32_t indexOf(UChar32 c, int32_t start) const; /** * Locate in this the first occurrence of the BMP code point `c` * in the range [`start`, `start + length`), * using bitwise comparison. * @param c The code unit to search for. * @param start the offset into this at which to start matching * @param length the number of characters in this to search * @return The offset into this of `c`, or -1 if not found. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int32_t indexOf(char16_t c, int32_t start, int32_t length) const; /** * Locate in this the first occurrence of the code point `c` * in the range [`start`, `start + length`), * using bitwise comparison. * * @param c The code point to search for. * @param start the offset into this at which to start matching * @param length the number of characters in this to search * @return The offset into this of `c`, or -1 if not found. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int32_t indexOf(UChar32 c, int32_t start, int32_t length) const; /** * Locate in this the last occurrence of the characters in `text`, * using bitwise comparison. * @param text The text to search for. * @return The offset into this of the start of `text`, * or -1 if not found. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int32_t lastIndexOf(const UnicodeString& text) const; /** * Locate in this the last occurrence of the characters in `text` * starting at offset `start`, using bitwise comparison. * @param text The text to search for. * @param start The offset at which searching will start. * @return The offset into this of the start of `text`, * or -1 if not found. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int32_t lastIndexOf(const UnicodeString& text, int32_t start) const; /** * Locate in this the last occurrence in the range * [`start`, `start + length`) of the characters * in `text`, using bitwise comparison. * @param text The text to search for. * @param start The offset at which searching will start. * @param length The number of characters to search * @return The offset into this of the start of `text`, * or -1 if not found. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int32_t lastIndexOf(const UnicodeString& text, int32_t start, int32_t length) const; /** * Locate in this the last occurrence in the range * [`start`, `start + length`) of the characters * in `srcText` in the range * [`srcStart`, `srcStart + srcLength`), * using bitwise comparison. * @param srcText The text to search for. * @param srcStart the offset into `srcText` at which * to start matching * @param srcLength the number of characters in `srcText` to match * @param start the offset into this at which to start matching * @param length the number of characters in this to search * @return The offset into this of the start of `text`, * or -1 if not found. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int32_t lastIndexOf(const UnicodeString& srcText, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength, int32_t start, int32_t length) const; /** * Locate in this the last occurrence of the characters in `srcChars` * starting at offset `start`, using bitwise comparison. * @param srcChars The text to search for. * @param srcLength the number of characters in `srcChars` to match * @param start the offset into this at which to start matching * @return The offset into this of the start of `text`, * or -1 if not found. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int32_t lastIndexOf(const char16_t *srcChars, int32_t srcLength, int32_t start) const; /** * Locate in this the last occurrence in the range * [`start`, `start + length`) of the characters * in `srcChars`, using bitwise comparison. * @param srcChars The text to search for. * @param srcLength the number of characters in `srcChars` * @param start The offset at which searching will start. * @param length The number of characters to search * @return The offset into this of the start of `srcChars`, * or -1 if not found. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int32_t lastIndexOf(ConstChar16Ptr srcChars, int32_t srcLength, int32_t start, int32_t length) const; /** * Locate in this the last occurrence in the range * [`start`, `start + length`) of the characters * in `srcChars` in the range * [`srcStart`, `srcStart + srcLength`), * using bitwise comparison. * @param srcChars The text to search for. * @param srcStart the offset into `srcChars` at which * to start matching * @param srcLength the number of characters in `srcChars` to match * @param start the offset into this at which to start matching * @param length the number of characters in this to search * @return The offset into this of the start of `text`, * or -1 if not found. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ int32_t lastIndexOf(const char16_t *srcChars, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength, int32_t start, int32_t length) const; /** * Locate in this the last occurrence of the BMP code point `c`, * using bitwise comparison. * @param c The code unit to search for. * @return The offset into this of `c`, or -1 if not found. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int32_t lastIndexOf(char16_t c) const; /** * Locate in this the last occurrence of the code point `c`, * using bitwise comparison. * * @param c The code point to search for. * @return The offset into this of `c`, or -1 if not found. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int32_t lastIndexOf(UChar32 c) const; /** * Locate in this the last occurrence of the BMP code point `c` * starting at offset `start`, using bitwise comparison. * @param c The code unit to search for. * @param start The offset at which searching will start. * @return The offset into this of `c`, or -1 if not found. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int32_t lastIndexOf(char16_t c, int32_t start) const; /** * Locate in this the last occurrence of the code point `c` * starting at offset `start`, using bitwise comparison. * * @param c The code point to search for. * @param start The offset at which searching will start. * @return The offset into this of `c`, or -1 if not found. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int32_t lastIndexOf(UChar32 c, int32_t start) const; /** * Locate in this the last occurrence of the BMP code point `c` * in the range [`start`, `start + length`), * using bitwise comparison. * @param c The code unit to search for. * @param start the offset into this at which to start matching * @param length the number of characters in this to search * @return The offset into this of `c`, or -1 if not found. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int32_t lastIndexOf(char16_t c, int32_t start, int32_t length) const; /** * Locate in this the last occurrence of the code point `c` * in the range [`start`, `start + length`), * using bitwise comparison. * * @param c The code point to search for. * @param start the offset into this at which to start matching * @param length the number of characters in this to search * @return The offset into this of `c`, or -1 if not found. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int32_t lastIndexOf(UChar32 c, int32_t start, int32_t length) const; /* Character access */ /** * Return the code unit at offset `offset`. * If the offset is not valid (0..length()-1) then U+ffff is returned. * @param offset a valid offset into the text * @return the code unit at offset `offset` * or 0xffff if the offset is not valid for this string * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline char16_t charAt(int32_t offset) const; /** * Return the code unit at offset `offset`. * If the offset is not valid (0..length()-1) then U+ffff is returned. * @param offset a valid offset into the text * @return the code unit at offset `offset` * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline char16_t operator[] (int32_t offset) const; /** * Return the code point that contains the code unit * at offset `offset`. * If the offset is not valid (0..length()-1) then U+ffff is returned. * @param offset a valid offset into the text * that indicates the text offset of any of the code units * that will be assembled into a code point (21-bit value) and returned * @return the code point of text at `offset` * or 0xffff if the offset is not valid for this string * @stable ICU 2.0 */ UChar32 char32At(int32_t offset) const; /** * Adjust a random-access offset so that * it points to the beginning of a Unicode character. * The offset that is passed in points to * any code unit of a code point, * while the returned offset will point to the first code unit * of the same code point. * In UTF-16, if the input offset points to a second surrogate * of a surrogate pair, then the returned offset will point * to the first surrogate. * @param offset a valid offset into one code point of the text * @return offset of the first code unit of the same code point * @see U16_SET_CP_START * @stable ICU 2.0 */ int32_t getChar32Start(int32_t offset) const; /** * Adjust a random-access offset so that * it points behind a Unicode character. * The offset that is passed in points behind * any code unit of a code point, * while the returned offset will point behind the last code unit * of the same code point. * In UTF-16, if the input offset points behind the first surrogate * (i.e., to the second surrogate) * of a surrogate pair, then the returned offset will point * behind the second surrogate (i.e., to the first surrogate). * @param offset a valid offset after any code unit of a code point of the text * @return offset of the first code unit after the same code point * @see U16_SET_CP_LIMIT * @stable ICU 2.0 */ int32_t getChar32Limit(int32_t offset) const; /** * Move the code unit index along the string by delta code points. * Interpret the input index as a code unit-based offset into the string, * move the index forward or backward by delta code points, and * return the resulting index. * The input index should point to the first code unit of a code point, * if there is more than one. * * Both input and output indexes are code unit-based as for all * string indexes/offsets in ICU (and other libraries, like MBCS char*). * If delta<0 then the index is moved backward (toward the start of the string). * If delta>0 then the index is moved forward (toward the end of the string). * * This behaves like CharacterIterator::move32(delta, kCurrent). * * Behavior for out-of-bounds indexes: * `moveIndex32` pins the input index to 0..length(), i.e., * if the input index<0 then it is pinned to 0; * if it is index>length() then it is pinned to length(). * Afterwards, the index is moved by `delta` code points * forward or backward, * but no further backward than to 0 and no further forward than to length(). * The resulting index return value will be in between 0 and length(), inclusively. * * Examples: * \code * // s has code points 'a' U+10000 'b' U+10ffff U+2029 * UnicodeString s(u"a\U00010000b\U0010ffff\u2029"); * * // initial index: position of U+10000 * int32_t index=1; * * // the following examples will all result in index==4, position of U+10ffff * * // skip 2 code points from some position in the string * index=s.moveIndex32(index, 2); // skips U+10000 and 'b' * * // go to the 3rd code point from the start of s (0-based) * index=s.moveIndex32(0, 3); // skips 'a', U+10000, and 'b' * * // go to the next-to-last code point of s * index=s.moveIndex32(s.length(), -2); // backward-skips U+2029 and U+10ffff * \endcode * * @param index input code unit index * @param delta (signed) code point count to move the index forward or backward * in the string * @return the resulting code unit index * @stable ICU 2.0 */ int32_t moveIndex32(int32_t index, int32_t delta) const; /* Substring extraction */ /** * Copy the characters in the range * [`start`, `start + length`) into the array `dst`, * beginning at `dstStart`. * If the string aliases to `dst` itself as an external buffer, * then extract() will not copy the contents. * * @param start offset of first character which will be copied into the array * @param length the number of characters to extract * @param dst array in which to copy characters. The length of `dst` * must be at least (`dstStart + length`). * @param dstStart the offset in `dst` where the first character * will be extracted * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline void extract(int32_t start, int32_t length, Char16Ptr dst, int32_t dstStart = 0) const; /** * Copy the contents of the string into dest. * This is a convenience function that * checks if there is enough space in dest, * extracts the entire string if possible, * and NUL-terminates dest if possible. * * If the string fits into dest but cannot be NUL-terminated * (length()==destCapacity) then the error code is set to U_STRING_NOT_TERMINATED_WARNING. * If the string itself does not fit into dest * (length()>destCapacity) then the error code is set to U_BUFFER_OVERFLOW_ERROR. * * If the string aliases to `dest` itself as an external buffer, * then extract() will not copy the contents. * * @param dest Destination string buffer. * @param destCapacity Number of char16_ts available at dest. * @param errorCode ICU error code. * @return length() * @stable ICU 2.0 */ int32_t extract(Char16Ptr dest, int32_t destCapacity, UErrorCode &errorCode) const; /** * Copy the characters in the range * [`start`, `start + length`) into the UnicodeString * `target`. * @param start offset of first character which will be copied * @param length the number of characters to extract * @param target UnicodeString into which to copy characters. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline void extract(int32_t start, int32_t length, UnicodeString& target) const; /** * Copy the characters in the range [`start`, `limit`) * into the array `dst`, beginning at `dstStart`. * @param start offset of first character which will be copied into the array * @param limit offset immediately following the last character to be copied * @param dst array in which to copy characters. The length of `dst` * must be at least (`dstStart + (limit - start)`). * @param dstStart the offset in `dst` where the first character * will be extracted * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline void extractBetween(int32_t start, int32_t limit, char16_t *dst, int32_t dstStart = 0) const; /** * Copy the characters in the range [`start`, `limit`) * into the UnicodeString `target`. Replaceable API. * @param start offset of first character which will be copied * @param limit offset immediately following the last character to be copied * @param target UnicodeString into which to copy characters. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ virtual void extractBetween(int32_t start, int32_t limit, UnicodeString& target) const override; /** * Copy the characters in the range * [`start`, `start + startLength`) into an array of characters. * All characters must be invariant (see utypes.h). * Use US_INV as the last, signature-distinguishing parameter. * * This function does not write any more than `targetCapacity` * characters but returns the length of the entire output string * so that one can allocate a larger buffer and call the function again * if necessary. * The output string is NUL-terminated if possible. * * @param start offset of first character which will be copied * @param startLength the number of characters to extract * @param target the target buffer for extraction, can be nullptr * if targetLength is 0 * @param targetCapacity the length of the target buffer * @param inv Signature-distinguishing parameter, use US_INV. * @return the output string length, not including the terminating NUL * @stable ICU 3.2 */ int32_t extract(int32_t start, int32_t startLength, char *target, int32_t targetCapacity, enum EInvariant inv) const; #if U_CHARSET_IS_UTF8 || !UCONFIG_NO_CONVERSION /** * Copy the characters in the range * [`start`, `start + length`) into an array of characters * in the platform's default codepage. * This function does not write any more than `targetLength` * characters but returns the length of the entire output string * so that one can allocate a larger buffer and call the function again * if necessary. * The output string is NUL-terminated if possible. * * @param start offset of first character which will be copied * @param startLength the number of characters to extract * @param target the target buffer for extraction * @param targetLength the length of the target buffer * If `target` is nullptr, then the number of bytes required for * `target` is returned. * @return the output string length, not including the terminating NUL * @stable ICU 2.0 */ int32_t extract(int32_t start, int32_t startLength, char *target, uint32_t targetLength) const; #endif #if !UCONFIG_NO_CONVERSION /** * Copy the characters in the range * [`start`, `start + length`) into an array of characters * in a specified codepage. * The output string is NUL-terminated. * * Recommendation: For invariant-character strings use * extract(int32_t start, int32_t length, char *target, int32_t targetCapacity, enum EInvar * because it avoids object code dependencies of UnicodeString on * the conversion code. * * @param start offset of first character which will be copied * @param startLength the number of characters to extract * @param target the target buffer for extraction * @param codepage the desired codepage for the characters. 0 has * the special meaning of the default codepage * If `codepage` is an empty string (`""`), * then a simple conversion is performed on the codepage-invariant * subset ("invariant characters") of the platform encoding. See utypes.h. * If `target` is nullptr, then the number of bytes required for * `target` is returned. It is assumed that the target is big enough * to fit all of the characters. * @return the output string length, not including the terminating NUL * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int32_t extract(int32_t start, int32_t startLength, char* target, const char* codepage = nullptr) const; /** * Copy the characters in the range * [`start`, `start + length`) into an array of characters * in a specified codepage. * This function does not write any more than `targetLength` * characters but returns the length of the entire output string * so that one can allocate a larger buffer and call the function again * if necessary. * The output string is NUL-terminated if possible. * * Recommendation: For invariant-character strings use * extract(int32_t start, int32_t length, char *target, int32_t targetCapacity, enum EInvar * because it avoids object code dependencies of UnicodeString on * the conversion code. * * @param start offset of first character which will be copied * @param startLength the number of characters to extract * @param target the target buffer for extraction * @param targetLength the length of the target buffer * @param codepage the desired codepage for the characters. 0 has * the special meaning of the default codepage * If `codepage` is an empty string (`""`), * then a simple conversion is performed on the codepage-invariant * subset ("invariant characters") of the platform encoding. See utypes.h. * If `target` is nullptr, then the number of bytes required for * `target` is returned. * @return the output string length, not including the terminating NUL * @stable ICU 2.0 */ int32_t extract(int32_t start, int32_t startLength, char *target, uint32_t targetLength, const char *codepage) const; /** * Convert the UnicodeString into a codepage string using an existing UConverter. * The output string is NUL-terminated if possible. * * This function avoids the overhead of opening and closing a converter if * multiple strings are extracted. * * @param dest destination string buffer, can be nullptr if destCapacity==0 * @param destCapacity the number of chars available at dest * @param cnv the converter object to be used (ucnv_resetFromUnicode() will be called), * or nullptr for the default converter * @param errorCode normal ICU error code * @return the length of the output string, not counting the terminating NUL; * if the length is greater than destCapacity, then the string will not fit * and a buffer of the indicated length would need to be passed in * @stable ICU 2.0 */ int32_t extract(char *dest, int32_t destCapacity, UConverter *cnv, UErrorCode &errorCode) const; #endif /** * Create a temporary substring for the specified range. * Unlike the substring constructor and setTo() functions, * the object returned here will be a read-only alias (using getBuffer()) * rather than copying the text. * As a result, this substring operation is much faster but requires * that the original string not be modified or deleted during the lifetime * of the returned substring object. * @param start offset of the first character visible in the substring * @param length length of the substring * @return a read-only alias UnicodeString object for the substring * @stable ICU 4.4 */ UnicodeString tempSubString(int32_t start=0, int32_t length=INT32_MAX) const; /** * Create a temporary substring for the specified range. * Same as tempSubString(start, length) except that the substring range * is specified as a (start, limit) pair (with an exclusive limit index) * rather than a (start, length) pair. * @param start offset of the first character visible in the substring * @param limit offset immediately following the last character visible in the substring * @return a read-only alias UnicodeString object for the substring * @stable ICU 4.4 */ inline UnicodeString tempSubStringBetween(int32_t start, int32_t limit=INT32_MAX) cons /** * Convert the UnicodeString to UTF-8 and write the result * to a ByteSink. This is called by toUTF8String(). * Unpaired surrogates are replaced with U+FFFD. * Calls u_strToUTF8WithSub(). * * @param sink A ByteSink to which the UTF-8 version of the string is written. * sink.Flush() is called at the end. * @stable ICU 4.2 * @see toUTF8String */ void toUTF8(ByteSink &sink) const; /** * Convert the UnicodeString to UTF-8 and append the result * to a standard string. * Unpaired surrogates are replaced with U+FFFD. * Calls toUTF8(). * * @tparam StringClass A std::string or a std::u8string (or a compatible type) * @param result A std::string or a std::u8string (or a compatible object) * to which the UTF-8 version of the string is appended. * @return The string object. * @stable ICU 4.2 * @see toUTF8 */ template<typename StringClass> StringClass &toUTF8String(StringClass &result) const { StringByteSink<StringClass> sbs(&result, length()); toUTF8(sbs); return result; } #ifndef U_HIDE_DRAFT_API /** * Convert the UnicodeString to a UTF-8 string. * Unpaired surrogates are replaced with U+FFFD. * Calls toUTF8(). * * @tparam StringClass A std::string or a std::u8string (or a compatible type) * @return A std::string or a std::u8string (or a compatible object) * with the UTF-8 version of the string. * @draft ICU 78 * @see toUTF8 */ template<typename StringClass> StringClass toUTF8String() const { StringClass result; StringByteSink<StringClass> sbs(&result, length()); toUTF8(sbs); return result; } #endif // U_HIDE_DRAFT_API /** * Convert the UnicodeString to UTF-32. * Unpaired surrogates are replaced with U+FFFD. * Calls u_strToUTF32WithSub(). * * @param utf32 destination string buffer, can be nullptr if capacity==0 * @param capacity the number of UChar32s available at utf32 * @param errorCode Standard ICU error code. Its input value must * pass the U_SUCCESS() test, or else the function returns * immediately. Check for U_FAILURE() on output or use with * function chaining. (See User Guide for details.) * @return The length of the UTF-32 string. * @see fromUTF32 * @stable ICU 4.2 */ int32_t toUTF32(UChar32 *utf32, int32_t capacity, UErrorCode &errorCode) const; /* Length operations */ /** * Return the length of the UnicodeString object. * The length is the number of char16_t code units are in the UnicodeString. * If you want the number of code points, please use countChar32(). * @return the length of the UnicodeString object * @see countChar32 * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int32_t length() const; /** * Count Unicode code points in the length char16_t code units of the string. * A code point may occupy either one or two char16_t code units. * Counting code points involves reading all code units. * * This functions is basically the inverse of moveIndex32(). * * @param start the index of the first code unit to check * @param length the number of char16_t code units to check * @return the number of code points in the specified code units * @see length * @stable ICU 2.0 */ int32_t countChar32(int32_t start=0, int32_t length=INT32_MAX) const; /** * Check if the length char16_t code units of the string * contain more Unicode code points than a certain number. * This is more efficient than counting all code points in this part of the string * and comparing that number with a threshold. * This function may not need to scan the string at all if the length * falls within a certain range, and * never needs to count more than 'number+1' code points. * Logically equivalent to (countChar32(start, length)>number). * A Unicode code point may occupy either one or two char16_t code units. * * @param start the index of the first code unit to check (0 for the entire string) * @param length the number of char16_t code units to check * (use INT32_MAX for the entire string; remember that start/length * values are pinned) * @param number The number of code points in the (sub)string is compared against * the 'number' parameter. * @return Boolean value for whether the string contains more Unicode code points * than 'number'. Same as (u_countChar32(s, length)>number). * @see countChar32 * @see u_strHasMoreChar32Than * @stable ICU 2.4 */ UBool hasMoreChar32Than(int32_t start, int32_t length, int32_t number) const; /** * Determine if this string is empty. * @return true if this string contains 0 characters, false otherwise. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UBool isEmpty() const; /** * Return the capacity of the internal buffer of the UnicodeString object. * This is useful together with the getBuffer functions. * See there for details. * * @return the number of char16_ts available in the internal buffer * @see getBuffer * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int32_t getCapacity() const; /* Other operations */ /** * Generate a hash code for this object. * @return The hash code of this UnicodeString. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline int32_t hashCode() const; /** * Determine if this object contains a valid string. * A bogus string has no value. It is different from an empty string, * although in both cases isEmpty() returns true and length() returns 0. * setToBogus() and isBogus() can be used to indicate that no string value is available. * For a bogus string, getBuffer() and getTerminatedBuffer() return nullptr, and * length() returns 0. * * @return true if the string is bogus/invalid, false otherwise * @see setToBogus() * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UBool isBogus() const; #ifndef U_HIDE_DRAFT_API private: // These type aliases are private; there is no guarantee that they will remain // aliases to the same types in subsequent versions of ICU. // Note that whether `std::u16string_view::const_iterator` is a pointer or a // class that models contiguous_iterator is platform-dependent. using unspecified_iterator = std::u16string_view::const_iterator; using unspecified_reverse_iterator = std::u16string_view::const_reverse_iterator; public: /** * @return an iterator to the first code unit in this string. * The iterator may be a pointer or a contiguous-iterator object. * @draft ICU 78 */ unspecified_iterator begin() const { return std::u16string_view(*this).begin(); } /** * @return an iterator to just past the last code unit in this string. * The iterator may be a pointer or a contiguous-iterator object. * @draft ICU 78 */ unspecified_iterator end() const { return std::u16string_view(*this).end(); } /** * @return a reverse iterator to the last code unit in this string. * The iterator may be a pointer or a contiguous-iterator object. * @draft ICU 78 */ unspecified_reverse_iterator rbegin() const { return std::u16string_view(*this).rbegi /** * @return a reverse iterator to just before the first code unit in this string. * The iterator may be a pointer or a contiguous-iterator object. * @draft ICU 78 */ unspecified_reverse_iterator rend() const { return std::u16string_view(*this).rend(); #endif // U_HIDE_DRAFT_API //======================================== // Write operations //======================================== /* Assignment operations */ /** * Assignment operator. Replace the characters in this UnicodeString * with the characters from `srcText`. * * Starting with ICU 2.4, the assignment operator and the copy constructor * allocate a new buffer and copy the buffer contents even for readonly aliases. * By contrast, the fastCopyFrom() function implements the old, * more efficient but less safe behavior * of making this string also a readonly alias to the same buffer. * * If the source object has an "open" buffer from getBuffer(minCapacity), * then the copy is an empty string. * * @param srcText The text containing the characters to replace * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 * @see fastCopyFrom */ UnicodeString &operator=(const UnicodeString &srcText); /** * Almost the same as the assignment operator. * Replace the characters in this UnicodeString * with the characters from `srcText`. * * This function works the same as the assignment operator * for all strings except for ones that are readonly aliases. * * Starting with ICU 2.4, the assignment operator and the copy constructor * allocate a new buffer and copy the buffer contents even for readonly aliases. * This function implements the old, more efficient but less safe behavior * of making this string also a readonly alias to the same buffer. * * The fastCopyFrom function must be used only if it is known that the lifetime of * this UnicodeString does not exceed the lifetime of the aliased buffer * including its contents, for example for strings from resource bundles * or aliases to string constants. * * If the source object has an "open" buffer from getBuffer(minCapacity), * then the copy is an empty string. * * @param src The text containing the characters to replace. * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.4 */ UnicodeString &fastCopyFrom(const UnicodeString &src); /** * Assignment operator. Replaces the characters in this UnicodeString * with a copy of the characters from the `src` * which is, or which is implicitly convertible to, * a std::u16string_view or (if U_SIZEOF_WCHAR_T==2) std::wstring_view. * * @param src The string view containing the characters to copy. * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 76 */ template<typename S, typename = std::enable_if_t<ConvertibleToU16StringView<S>>> inline UnicodeString &operator=(const S &src) { unBogus(); return doReplace(0, length(), internal::toU16StringView(src)); } /** * Move assignment operator; might leave src in bogus state. * This string will have the same contents and state that the source string had. * The behavior is undefined if *this and src are the same object. * @param src source string * @return *this * @stable ICU 56 */ UnicodeString &operator=(UnicodeString &&src) noexcept; /** * Swap strings. * @param other other string * @stable ICU 56 */ void swap(UnicodeString &other) noexcept; /** * Non-member UnicodeString swap function. * @param s1 will get s2's contents and state * @param s2 will get s1's contents and state * @stable ICU 56 */ friend inline void U_EXPORT2 swap(UnicodeString &s1, UnicodeString &s2) noexcept { s1.swap(s2); } /** * Assignment operator. Replace the characters in this UnicodeString * with the code unit `ch`. * @param ch the code unit to replace * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UnicodeString& operator= (char16_t ch); /** * Assignment operator. Replace the characters in this UnicodeString * with the code point `ch`. * @param ch the code point to replace * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UnicodeString& operator= (UChar32 ch); /** * Set the text in the UnicodeString object to the characters * in `srcText` in the range * [`srcStart`, `srcText.length()`). * `srcText` is not modified. * @param srcText the source for the new characters * @param srcStart the offset into `srcText` where new characters * will be obtained * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.2 */ inline UnicodeString& setTo(const UnicodeString& srcText, int32_t srcStart); /** * Set the text in the UnicodeString object to the characters * in `srcText` in the range * [`srcStart`, `srcStart + srcLength`). * `srcText` is not modified. * @param srcText the source for the new characters * @param srcStart the offset into `srcText` where new characters * will be obtained * @param srcLength the number of characters in `srcText` in the * replace string. * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UnicodeString& setTo(const UnicodeString& srcText, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength); /** * Set the text in the UnicodeString object to the characters in * `srcText`. * `srcText` is not modified. * @param srcText the source for the new characters * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UnicodeString& setTo(const UnicodeString& srcText); /** * Set the characters in the UnicodeString object to the characters * in `srcChars`. `srcChars` is not modified. * @param srcChars the source for the new characters * @param srcLength the number of Unicode characters in srcChars. * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UnicodeString& setTo(const char16_t *srcChars, int32_t srcLength); /** * Set the characters in the UnicodeString object to the code unit * `srcChar`. * @param srcChar the code unit which becomes the UnicodeString's character * content * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UnicodeString& setTo(char16_t srcChar); /** * Set the characters in the UnicodeString object to the code point * `srcChar`. * @param srcChar the code point which becomes the UnicodeString's character * content * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UnicodeString& setTo(UChar32 srcChar); /** * Aliasing setTo() function, analogous to the readonly-aliasing char16_t* constructor. * The text will be used for the UnicodeString object, but * it will not be released when the UnicodeString is destroyed. * This has copy-on-write semantics: * When the string is modified, then the buffer is first copied into * newly allocated memory. * The aliased buffer is never modified. * * In an assignment to another UnicodeString, when using the copy constructor * or the assignment operator, the text will be copied. * When using fastCopyFrom(), the text will be aliased again, * so that both strings then alias the same readonly-text. * * @param isTerminated specifies if `text` is `NUL`-terminated. * This must be true if `textLength==-1`. * @param text The characters to alias for the UnicodeString. * @param textLength The number of Unicode characters in `text` to alias. * If -1, then this constructor will determine the length * by calling `u_strlen()`. * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ UnicodeString &setTo(UBool isTerminated, ConstChar16Ptr text, int32_t textLength); /** * Aliasing setTo() function, analogous to the writable-aliasing char16_t* constructor. * The text will be used for the UnicodeString object, but * it will not be released when the UnicodeString is destroyed. * This has write-through semantics: * For as long as the capacity of the buffer is sufficient, write operations * will directly affect the buffer. When more capacity is necessary, then * a new buffer will be allocated and the contents copied as with regularly * constructed strings. * In an assignment to another UnicodeString, the buffer will be copied. * The extract(Char16Ptr dst) function detects whether the dst pointer is the same * as the string buffer itself and will in this case not copy the contents. * * @param buffer The characters to alias for the UnicodeString. * @param buffLength The number of Unicode characters in `buffer` to alias. * @param buffCapacity The size of `buffer` in char16_ts. * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ UnicodeString &setTo(char16_t *buffer, int32_t buffLength, int32_t buffCapacity); /** * Make this UnicodeString object invalid. * The string will test true with isBogus(). * * A bogus string has no value. It is different from an empty string. * It can be used to indicate that no string value is available. * getBuffer() and getTerminatedBuffer() return nullptr, and * length() returns 0. * * This utility function is used throughout the UnicodeString * implementation to indicate that a UnicodeString operation failed, * and may be used in other functions, * especially but not exclusively when such functions do not * take a UErrorCode for simplicity. * * The following methods, and no others, will clear a string object's bogus flag: * - remove() * - remove(0, INT32_MAX) * - truncate(0) * - operator=() (assignment operator) * - setTo(...) * * The simplest ways to turn a bogus string into an empty one * is to use the remove() function. * Examples for other functions that are equivalent to "set to empty string": * \code * if(s.isBogus()) { * s.remove(); // set to an empty string (remove all), or * s.remove(0, INT32_MAX); // set to an empty string (remove all), or * s.truncate(0); // set to an empty string (complete truncation), or * s=UnicodeString(); // assign an empty string, or * s.setTo((UChar32)-1); // set to a pseudo code point that is out of range, or * s.setTo(u"", 0); // set to an empty C Unicode string * } * \endcode * * @see isBogus() * @stable ICU 2.0 */ void setToBogus(); /** * Set the character at the specified offset to the specified character. * @param offset A valid offset into the text of the character to set * @param ch The new character * @return A reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ UnicodeString& setCharAt(int32_t offset, char16_t ch); /* Append operations */ /** * Append operator. Append the code unit `ch` to the UnicodeString * object. * @param ch the code unit to be appended * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UnicodeString& operator+= (char16_t ch); /** * Append operator. Append the code point `ch` to the UnicodeString * object. * @param ch the code point to be appended * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UnicodeString& operator+= (UChar32 ch); /** * Append operator. Append the characters in `srcText` to the * UnicodeString object. `srcText` is not modified. * @param srcText the source for the new characters * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UnicodeString& operator+= (const UnicodeString& srcText); /** * Append operator. Appends the characters in `src` * which is, or which is implicitly convertible to, * a std::u16string_view or (if U_SIZEOF_WCHAR_T==2) std::wstring_view, * to the UnicodeString object. * * @param src the source for the new characters * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 76 */ template<typename S, typename = std::enable_if_t<ConvertibleToU16StringView<S>>> inline UnicodeString& operator+=(const S &src) { return doAppend(internal::toU16StringView(src)); } /** * Append the characters * in `srcText` in the range * [`srcStart`, `srcStart + srcLength`) to the * UnicodeString object at offset `start`. `srcText` * is not modified. * @param srcText the source for the new characters * @param srcStart the offset into `srcText` where new characters * will be obtained * @param srcLength the number of characters in `srcText` in * the append string * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UnicodeString& append(const UnicodeString& srcText, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength); /** * Append the characters in `srcText` to the UnicodeString object. * `srcText` is not modified. * @param srcText the source for the new characters * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UnicodeString& append(const UnicodeString& srcText); /** * Append the characters in `srcChars` in the range * [`srcStart`, `srcStart + srcLength`) to the UnicodeString * object at offset * `start`. `srcChars` is not modified. * @param srcChars the source for the new characters * @param srcStart the offset into `srcChars` where new characters * will be obtained * @param srcLength the number of characters in `srcChars` in * the append string; can be -1 if `srcChars` is NUL-terminated * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UnicodeString& append(const char16_t *srcChars, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength); /** * Append the characters in `srcChars` to the UnicodeString object. * `srcChars` is not modified. * @param srcChars the source for the new characters * @param srcLength the number of Unicode characters in `srcChars`; * can be -1 if `srcChars` is NUL-terminated * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UnicodeString& append(ConstChar16Ptr srcChars, int32_t srcLength); /** * Appends the characters in `src` * which is, or which is implicitly convertible to, * a std::u16string_view or (if U_SIZEOF_WCHAR_T==2) std::wstring_view, * to the UnicodeString object. * * @param src the source for the new characters * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 76 */ template<typename S, typename = std::enable_if_t<ConvertibleToU16StringView<S>>> inline UnicodeString& append(const S &src) { return doAppend(internal::toU16StringView(src)); } /** * Append the code unit `srcChar` to the UnicodeString object. * @param srcChar the code unit to append * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UnicodeString& append(char16_t srcChar); /** * Append the code point `srcChar` to the UnicodeString object. * @param srcChar the code point to append * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ UnicodeString& append(UChar32 srcChar); #ifndef U_HIDE_DRAFT_API /** * Appends the code unit `c` to the UnicodeString object. * Same as append(c) except does not return *this. * * @param c the code unit to append * @draft ICU 78 */ inline void push_back(char16_t c) { append(c); } #endif // U_HIDE_DRAFT_API /* Insert operations */ /** * Insert the characters in `srcText` in the range * [`srcStart`, `srcStart + srcLength`) into the UnicodeString * object at offset `start`. `srcText` is not modified. * @param start the offset where the insertion begins * @param srcText the source for the new characters * @param srcStart the offset into `srcText` where new characters * will be obtained * @param srcLength the number of characters in `srcText` in * the insert string * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UnicodeString& insert(int32_t start, const UnicodeString& srcText, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength); /** * Insert the characters in `srcText` into the UnicodeString object * at offset `start`. `srcText` is not modified. * @param start the offset where the insertion begins * @param srcText the source for the new characters * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UnicodeString& insert(int32_t start, const UnicodeString& srcText); /** * Insert the characters in `srcChars` in the range * [`srcStart`, `srcStart + srcLength`) into the UnicodeString * object at offset `start`. `srcChars` is not modified. * @param start the offset at which the insertion begins * @param srcChars the source for the new characters * @param srcStart the offset into `srcChars` where new characters * will be obtained * @param srcLength the number of characters in `srcChars` * in the insert string * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UnicodeString& insert(int32_t start, const char16_t *srcChars, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength); /** * Insert the characters in `srcChars` into the UnicodeString object * at offset `start`. `srcChars` is not modified. * @param start the offset where the insertion begins * @param srcChars the source for the new characters * @param srcLength the number of Unicode characters in srcChars. * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UnicodeString& insert(int32_t start, ConstChar16Ptr srcChars, int32_t srcLength); /** * Insert the code unit `srcChar` into the UnicodeString object at * offset `start`. * @param start the offset at which the insertion occurs * @param srcChar the code unit to insert * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UnicodeString& insert(int32_t start, char16_t srcChar); /** * Insert the code point `srcChar` into the UnicodeString object at * offset `start`. * @param start the offset at which the insertion occurs * @param srcChar the code point to insert * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UnicodeString& insert(int32_t start, UChar32 srcChar); /* Replace operations */ /** * Replace the characters in the range * [`start`, `start + length`) with the characters in * `srcText` in the range * [`srcStart`, `srcStart + srcLength`). * `srcText` is not modified. * @param start the offset at which the replace operation begins * @param length the number of characters to replace. The character at * `start + length` is not modified. * @param srcText the source for the new characters * @param srcStart the offset into `srcText` where new characters * will be obtained * @param srcLength the number of characters in `srcText` in * the replace string * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UnicodeString& replace(int32_t start, int32_t length, const UnicodeString& srcText, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength); /** * Replace the characters in the range * [`start`, `start + length`) * with the characters in `srcText`. `srcText` is * not modified. * @param start the offset at which the replace operation begins * @param length the number of characters to replace. The character at * `start + length` is not modified. * @param srcText the source for the new characters * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UnicodeString& replace(int32_t start, int32_t length, const UnicodeString& srcText); /** * Replace the characters in the range * [`start`, `start + length`) with the characters in * `srcChars` in the range * [`srcStart`, `srcStart + srcLength`). `srcChars` * is not modified. * @param start the offset at which the replace operation begins * @param length the number of characters to replace. The character at * `start + length` is not modified. * @param srcChars the source for the new characters * @param srcStart the offset into `srcChars` where new characters * will be obtained * @param srcLength the number of characters in `srcChars` * in the replace string * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UnicodeString& replace(int32_t start, int32_t length, const char16_t *srcChars, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength); /** * Replace the characters in the range * [`start`, `start + length`) with the characters in * `srcChars`. `srcChars` is not modified. * @param start the offset at which the replace operation begins * @param length number of characters to replace. The character at * `start + length` is not modified. * @param srcChars the source for the new characters * @param srcLength the number of Unicode characters in srcChars * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UnicodeString& replace(int32_t start, int32_t length, ConstChar16Ptr srcChars, int32_t srcLength); /** * Replace the characters in the range * [`start`, `start + length`) with the code unit * `srcChar`. * @param start the offset at which the replace operation begins * @param length the number of characters to replace. The character at * `start + length` is not modified. * @param srcChar the new code unit * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UnicodeString& replace(int32_t start, int32_t length, char16_t srcChar); /** * Replace the characters in the range * [`start`, `start + length`) with the code point * `srcChar`. * @param start the offset at which the replace operation begins * @param length the number of characters to replace. The character at * `start + length` is not modified. * @param srcChar the new code point * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ UnicodeString& replace(int32_t start, int32_t length, UChar32 srcChar); /** * Replace the characters in the range [`start`, `limit`) * with the characters in `srcText`. `srcText` is not modified. * @param start the offset at which the replace operation begins * @param limit the offset immediately following the replace range * @param srcText the source for the new characters * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UnicodeString& replaceBetween(int32_t start, int32_t limit, const UnicodeString& srcText); /** * Replace the characters in the range [`start`, `limit`) * with the characters in `srcText` in the range * [`srcStart`, `srcLimit`). `srcText` is not modified. * @param start the offset at which the replace operation begins * @param limit the offset immediately following the replace range * @param srcText the source for the new characters * @param srcStart the offset into `srcChars` where new characters * will be obtained * @param srcLimit the offset immediately following the range to copy * in `srcText` * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UnicodeString& replaceBetween(int32_t start, int32_t limit, const UnicodeString& srcText, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLimit); /** * Replace a substring of this object with the given text. * @param start the beginning index, inclusive; `0 <= start <= limit`. * @param limit the ending index, exclusive; `start <= limit <= length()`. * @param text the text to replace characters `start` to `limit - 1` * @stable ICU 2.0 */ virtual void handleReplaceBetween(int32_t start, int32_t limit, const UnicodeString& text) override; /** * Replaceable API * @return true if it has MetaData * @stable ICU 2.4 */ virtual UBool hasMetaData() const override; /** * Copy a substring of this object, retaining attribute (out-of-band) * information. This method is used to duplicate or reorder substrings. * The destination index must not overlap the source range. * * @param start the beginning index, inclusive; `0 <= start <= limit`. * @param limit the ending index, exclusive; `start <= limit <= length()`. * @param dest the destination index. The characters from * `start..limit-1` will be copied to `dest`. * Implementations of this method may assume that `dest <= start || * dest >= limit`. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ virtual void copy(int32_t start, int32_t limit, int32_t dest) override; /* Search and replace operations */ /** * Replace all occurrences of characters in oldText with the characters * in newText * @param oldText the text containing the search text * @param newText the text containing the replacement text * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UnicodeString& findAndReplace(const UnicodeString& oldText, const UnicodeString& newText); /** * Replace all occurrences of characters in oldText with characters * in newText * in the range [`start`, `start + length`). * @param start the start of the range in which replace will performed * @param length the length of the range in which replace will be performed * @param oldText the text containing the search text * @param newText the text containing the replacement text * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UnicodeString& findAndReplace(int32_t start, int32_t length, const UnicodeString& oldText, const UnicodeString& newText); /** * Replace all occurrences of characters in oldText in the range * [`oldStart`, `oldStart + oldLength`) with the characters * in newText in the range * [`newStart`, `newStart + newLength`) * in the range [`start`, `start + length`). * @param start the start of the range in which replace will performed * @param length the length of the range in which replace will be performed * @param oldText the text containing the search text * @param oldStart the start of the search range in `oldText` * @param oldLength the length of the search range in `oldText` * @param newText the text containing the replacement text * @param newStart the start of the replacement range in `newText` * @param newLength the length of the replacement range in `newText` * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ UnicodeString& findAndReplace(int32_t start, int32_t length, const UnicodeString& oldText, int32_t oldStart, int32_t oldLength, const UnicodeString& newText, int32_t newStart, int32_t newLength); /* Remove operations */ /** * Removes all characters from the UnicodeString object and clears the bogus flag. * This is the UnicodeString equivalent of std::string’s clear(). * * @return a reference to this * @see setToBogus * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UnicodeString& remove(); /** * Remove the characters in the range * [`start`, `start + length`) from the UnicodeString object. * @param start the offset of the first character to remove * @param length the number of characters to remove * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UnicodeString& remove(int32_t start, int32_t length = static_cast<int32_t>(INT32_MAX)); /** * Remove the characters in the range * [`start`, `limit`) from the UnicodeString object. * @param start the offset of the first character to remove * @param limit the offset immediately following the range to remove * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UnicodeString& removeBetween(int32_t start, int32_t limit = static_cast<int32_t>(INT32_MAX)); /** * Retain only the characters in the range * [`start`, `limit`) from the UnicodeString object. * Removes characters before `start` and at and after `limit`. * @param start the offset of the first character to retain * @param limit the offset immediately following the range to retain * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 4.4 */ inline UnicodeString &retainBetween(int32_t start, int32_t limit = INT32_MAX); /* Length operations */ /** * Pad the start of this UnicodeString with the character `padChar`. * If the length of this UnicodeString is less than targetLength, * length() - targetLength copies of padChar will be added to the * beginning of this UnicodeString. * @param targetLength the desired length of the string * @param padChar the character to use for padding. Defaults to * space (U+0020) * @return true if the text was padded, false otherwise. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ UBool padLeading(int32_t targetLength, char16_t padChar = 0x0020); /** * Pad the end of this UnicodeString with the character `padChar`. * If the length of this UnicodeString is less than targetLength, * length() - targetLength copies of padChar will be added to the * end of this UnicodeString. * @param targetLength the desired length of the string * @param padChar the character to use for padding. Defaults to * space (U+0020) * @return true if the text was padded, false otherwise. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ UBool padTrailing(int32_t targetLength, char16_t padChar = 0x0020); /** * Truncate this UnicodeString to the `targetLength`. * @param targetLength the desired length of this UnicodeString. * @return true if the text was truncated, false otherwise * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UBool truncate(int32_t targetLength); /** * Trims leading and trailing whitespace from this UnicodeString. * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ UnicodeString& trim(); /* Miscellaneous operations */ /** * Reverse this UnicodeString in place. * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UnicodeString& reverse(); /** * Reverse the range [`start`, `start + length`) in * this UnicodeString. * @param start the start of the range to reverse * @param length the number of characters to to reverse * @return a reference to this * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UnicodeString& reverse(int32_t start, int32_t length); /** * Convert the characters in this to UPPER CASE following the conventions of * the default locale. * @return A reference to this. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ UnicodeString& toUpper(); /** * Convert the characters in this to UPPER CASE following the conventions of * a specific locale. * @param locale The locale containing the conventions to use. * @return A reference to this. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ UnicodeString& toUpper(const Locale& locale); /** * Convert the characters in this to lower case following the conventions of * the default locale. * @return A reference to this. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ UnicodeString& toLower(); /** * Convert the characters in this to lower case following the conventions of * a specific locale. * @param locale The locale containing the conventions to use. * @return A reference to this. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ UnicodeString& toLower(const Locale& locale); #if !UCONFIG_NO_BREAK_ITERATION /** * Titlecase this string, convenience function using the default locale. * * Casing is locale-dependent and context-sensitive. * Titlecasing uses a break iterator to find the first characters of words * that are to be titlecased. It titlecases those characters and lowercases * all others. * * The titlecase break iterator can be provided to customize for arbitrary * styles, using rules and dictionaries beyond the standard iterators. * It may be more efficient to always provide an iterator to avoid * opening and closing one for each string. * If the break iterator passed in is null, the default Unicode algorithm * will be used to determine the titlecase positions. * * This function uses only the setText(), first() and next() methods of the * provided break iterator. * * @param titleIter A break iterator to find the first characters of words * that are to be titlecased. * If none is provided (0), then a standard titlecase * break iterator is opened. * Otherwise the provided iterator is set to the string's text. * @return A reference to this. * @stable ICU 2.1 */ UnicodeString &toTitle(BreakIterator *titleIter); /** * Titlecase this string. * * Casing is locale-dependent and context-sensitive. * Titlecasing uses a break iterator to find the first characters of words * that are to be titlecased. It titlecases those characters and lowercases * all others. * * The titlecase break iterator can be provided to customize for arbitrary * styles, using rules and dictionaries beyond the standard iterators. * It may be more efficient to always provide an iterator to avoid * opening and closing one for each string. * If the break iterator passed in is null, the default Unicode algorithm * will be used to determine the titlecase positions. * * This function uses only the setText(), first() and next() methods of the * provided break iterator. * * @param titleIter A break iterator to find the first characters of words * that are to be titlecased. * If none is provided (0), then a standard titlecase * break iterator is opened. * Otherwise the provided iterator is set to the string's text. * @param locale The locale to consider. * @return A reference to this. * @stable ICU 2.1 */ UnicodeString &toTitle(BreakIterator *titleIter, const Locale &locale); /** * Titlecase this string, with options. * * Casing is locale-dependent and context-sensitive. * Titlecasing uses a break iterator to find the first characters of words * that are to be titlecased. It titlecases those characters and lowercases * all others. (This can be modified with options.) * * The titlecase break iterator can be provided to customize for arbitrary * styles, using rules and dictionaries beyond the standard iterators. * It may be more efficient to always provide an iterator to avoid * opening and closing one for each string. * If the break iterator passed in is null, the default Unicode algorithm * will be used to determine the titlecase positions. * * This function uses only the setText(), first() and next() methods of the * provided break iterator. * * @param titleIter A break iterator to find the first characters of words * that are to be titlecased. * If none is provided (0), then a standard titlecase * break iterator is opened. * Otherwise the provided iterator is set to the string's text. * @param locale The locale to consider. * @param options Options bit set, usually 0. See U_TITLECASE_NO_LOWERCASE, * U_TITLECASE_NO_BREAK_ADJUSTMENT, U_TITLECASE_ADJUST_TO_CASED, * U_TITLECASE_WHOLE_STRING, U_TITLECASE_SENTENCES. * @return A reference to this. * @stable ICU 3.8 */ UnicodeString &toTitle(BreakIterator *titleIter, const Locale &locale, uint32_t options); #endif /** * Case-folds the characters in this string. * * Case-folding is locale-independent and not context-sensitive, * but there is an option for whether to include or exclude mappings for dotted I * and dotless i that are marked with 'T' in CaseFolding.txt. * * The result may be longer or shorter than the original. * * @param options Either U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT or U_FOLD_CASE_EXCLUDE_SPECIAL_I * @return A reference to this. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ UnicodeString &foldCase(uint32_t options=0 /*U_FOLD_CASE_DEFAULT*/); //======================================== // Access to the internal buffer //======================================== /** * Get a read/write pointer to the internal buffer. * The buffer is guaranteed to be large enough for at least minCapacity char16_ts, * writable, and is still owned by the UnicodeString object. * Calls to getBuffer(minCapacity) must not be nested, and * must be matched with calls to releaseBuffer(newLength). * If the string buffer was read-only or shared, * then it will be reallocated and copied. * * An attempted nested call will return 0, and will not further modify the * state of the UnicodeString object. * It also returns 0 if the string is bogus. * * The actual capacity of the string buffer may be larger than minCapacity. * getCapacity() returns the actual capacity. * For many operations, the full capacity should be used to avoid reallocations. * * While the buffer is "open" between getBuffer(minCapacity) * and releaseBuffer(newLength), the following applies: * - The string length is set to 0. * - Any read API call on the UnicodeString object will behave like on a 0-length string. * - Any write API call on the UnicodeString object is disallowed and will have no effect. * - You can read from and write to the returned buffer. * - The previous string contents will still be in the buffer; * if you want to use it, then you need to call length() before getBuffer(minCapacity). * If the length() was greater than minCapacity, then any contents after minCapacity * may be lost. * The buffer contents is not NUL-terminated by getBuffer(). * If length() < getCapacity() then you can terminate it by writing a NUL * at index length(). * - You must call releaseBuffer(newLength) before and in order to * return to normal UnicodeString operation. * * @param minCapacity the minimum number of char16_ts that are to be available * in the buffer, starting at the returned pointer; * default to the current string capacity if minCapacity==-1 * @return a writable pointer to the internal string buffer, * or nullptr if an error occurs (nested calls, out of memory) * * @see releaseBuffer * @see getTerminatedBuffer() * @stable ICU 2.0 */ char16_t *getBuffer(int32_t minCapacity); /** * Release a read/write buffer on a UnicodeString object with an * "open" getBuffer(minCapacity). * This function must be called in a matched pair with getBuffer(minCapacity). * releaseBuffer(newLength) must be called if and only if a getBuffer(minCapacity) is "open". * * It will set the string length to newLength, at most to the current capacity. * If newLength==-1 then it will set the length according to the * first NUL in the buffer, or to the capacity if there is no NUL. * * After calling releaseBuffer(newLength) the UnicodeString is back to normal operation. * * @param newLength the new length of the UnicodeString object; * defaults to the current capacity if newLength is greater than that; * if newLength==-1, it defaults to u_strlen(buffer) but not more than * the current capacity of the string * * @see getBuffer(int32_t minCapacity) * @stable ICU 2.0 */ void releaseBuffer(int32_t newLength=-1); /** * Get a read-only pointer to the internal buffer. * This can be called at any time on a valid UnicodeString. * * It returns 0 if the string is bogus, or * during an "open" getBuffer(minCapacity). * * It can be called as many times as desired. * The pointer that it returns will remain valid until the UnicodeString object is modified, * at which time the pointer is semantically invalidated and must not be used any more. * * The capacity of the buffer can be determined with getCapacity(). * The part after length() may or may not be initialized and valid, * depending on the history of the UnicodeString object. * * The buffer contents is (probably) not NUL-terminated. * You can check if it is with * `(s.length() < s.getCapacity() && buffer[s.length()]==0)`. * (See getTerminatedBuffer().) * * The buffer may reside in read-only memory. Its contents must not * be modified. * * @return a read-only pointer to the internal string buffer, * or nullptr if the string is empty or bogus * * @see getBuffer(int32_t minCapacity) * @see getTerminatedBuffer() * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline const char16_t *getBuffer() const; /** * Get a read-only pointer to the internal buffer, * making sure that it is NUL-terminated. * This can be called at any time on a valid UnicodeString. * * It returns 0 if the string is bogus, or * during an "open" getBuffer(minCapacity), or if the buffer cannot * be NUL-terminated (because memory allocation failed). * * It can be called as many times as desired. * The pointer that it returns will remain valid until the UnicodeString object is modified, * at which time the pointer is semantically invalidated and must not be used any more. * * The capacity of the buffer can be determined with getCapacity(). * The part after length()+1 may or may not be initialized and valid, * depending on the history of the UnicodeString object. * * The buffer contents is guaranteed to be NUL-terminated. * getTerminatedBuffer() may reallocate the buffer if a terminating NUL * is written. * For this reason, this function is not const, unlike getBuffer(). * Note that a UnicodeString may also contain NUL characters as part of its contents. * * The buffer may reside in read-only memory. Its contents must not * be modified. * * @return a read-only pointer to the internal string buffer, * or 0 if the string is empty or bogus * * @see getBuffer(int32_t minCapacity) * @see getBuffer() * @stable ICU 2.2 */ const char16_t *getTerminatedBuffer(); /** * Converts to a std::u16string_view. * * @return a string view of the contents of this string * @stable ICU 76 */ inline operator std::u16string_view() const { return {getBuffer(), static_cast<std::u16string_view::size_type>(length())}; } #if U_SIZEOF_WCHAR_T==2 || defined(U_IN_DOXYGEN) /** * Converts to a std::wstring_view. * * Note: This should remain draft until C++ standard plans * about char16_t vs. wchar_t become clearer. * * @return a string view of the contents of this string * @stable ICU 76 */ inline operator std::wstring_view() const { const char16_t *p = getBuffer(); #ifdef U_ALIASING_BARRIER U_ALIASING_BARRIER(p); #endif return { reinterpret_cast<const wchar_t *>(p), (std::wstring_view::size_type)length() }; } #endif // U_SIZEOF_WCHAR_T //======================================== // Constructors //======================================== /** Construct an empty UnicodeString. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ inline UnicodeString(); /** * Construct a UnicodeString with capacity to hold `capacity` char16_ts * @param capacity the number of char16_ts this UnicodeString should hold * before a resize is necessary; if count is greater than 0 and count * code points c take up more space than capacity, then capacity is adjusted * accordingly. * @param c is used to initially fill the string * @param count specifies how many code points c are to be written in the * string * @stable ICU 2.0 */ UnicodeString(int32_t capacity, UChar32 c, int32_t count); /** * Single char16_t (code unit) constructor. * * It is recommended to mark this constructor "explicit" by * `-DUNISTR_FROM_CHAR_EXPLICIT=explicit` * on the compiler command line or similar. * @param ch the character to place in the UnicodeString * @stable ICU 2.0 */ UNISTR_FROM_CHAR_EXPLICIT UnicodeString(char16_t ch); /** * Single UChar32 (code point) constructor. * * It is recommended to mark this constructor "explicit" by * `-DUNISTR_FROM_CHAR_EXPLICIT=explicit` * on the compiler command line or similar. * @param ch the character to place in the UnicodeString * @stable ICU 2.0 */ UNISTR_FROM_CHAR_EXPLICIT UnicodeString(UChar32 ch); #ifdef U_HIDE_DRAFT_API /** * char16_t* constructor. * * It is recommended to mark this constructor "explicit" by * `-DUNISTR_FROM_STRING_EXPLICIT=explicit` * on the compiler command line or similar. * * Note, for string literals: * Since C++17 and ICU 76, you can use UTF-16 string literals with compile-time * length determination: * \code * UnicodeString str(u"literal"); * if (str == u"other literal") { ... } * \endcode * * @param text The characters to place in the UnicodeString. `text` * must be NUL (U+0000) terminated. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ UNISTR_FROM_STRING_EXPLICIT UnicodeString(const char16_t *text) : UnicodeString(text, -1) {} #endif // U_HIDE_DRAFT_API #if !U_CHAR16_IS_TYPEDEF && \ (defined(U_HIDE_DRAFT_API) || (defined(_LIBCPP_VERSION) && _LIBCPP_VERSION >= 180000)) /** * uint16_t * constructor. * Delegates to UnicodeString(const char16_t *). * * It is recommended to mark this constructor "explicit" by * `-DUNISTR_FROM_STRING_EXPLICIT=explicit` * on the compiler command line or similar. * * Note, for string literals: * Since C++17 and ICU 76, you can use UTF-16 string literals with compile-time * length determination: * \code * UnicodeString str(u"literal"); * if (str == u"other literal") { ... } * \endcode * * @param text NUL-terminated UTF-16 string * @stable ICU 59 */ UNISTR_FROM_STRING_EXPLICIT UnicodeString(const uint16_t *text) : UnicodeString(ConstChar16Ptr(text), -1) {} #endif #if defined(U_HIDE_DRAFT_API) && (U_SIZEOF_WCHAR_T==2 || defined(U_IN_DOXYGEN)) /** * wchar_t * constructor. * (Only defined if U_SIZEOF_WCHAR_T==2.) * Delegates to UnicodeString(const char16_t *). * * It is recommended to mark this constructor "explicit" by * `-DUNISTR_FROM_STRING_EXPLICIT=explicit` * on the compiler command line or similar. * * Note, for string literals: * Since C++17 and ICU 76, you can use UTF-16 string literals with compile-time * length determination: * \code * UnicodeString str(u"literal"); * if (str == u"other literal") { ... } * \endcode * * @param text NUL-terminated UTF-16 string * @stable ICU 59 */ UNISTR_FROM_STRING_EXPLICIT UnicodeString(const wchar_t *text) : UnicodeString(ConstChar16Ptr(text), -1) {} #endif /** * nullptr_t constructor. * Effectively the same as the default constructor, makes an empty string object. * * It is recommended to mark this constructor "explicit" by * `-DUNISTR_FROM_STRING_EXPLICIT=explicit` * on the compiler command line or similar. * @param text nullptr * @stable ICU 59 */ UNISTR_FROM_STRING_EXPLICIT inline UnicodeString(const std::nullptr_t text); /** * char16_t* constructor. * * Note, for string literals: * Since C++17 and ICU 76, you can use UTF-16 string literals with compile-time * length determination: * \code * UnicodeString str(u"literal"); * if (str == u"other literal") { ... } * \endcode * * @param text The characters to place in the UnicodeString. * @param textLength The number of Unicode characters in `text` * to copy. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ UnicodeString(const char16_t *text, int32_t textLength); #if !U_CHAR16_IS_TYPEDEF /** * uint16_t * constructor. * Delegates to UnicodeString(const char16_t *, int32_t). * * Note, for string literals: * Since C++17 and ICU 76, you can use UTF-16 string literals with compile-time * length determination: * \code * UnicodeString str(u"literal"); * if (str == u"other literal") { ... } * \endcode * * @param text UTF-16 string * @param textLength string length * @stable ICU 59 */ UnicodeString(const uint16_t *text, int32_t textLength) : UnicodeString(ConstChar16Ptr(text), textLength) {} #endif #if U_SIZEOF_WCHAR_T==2 || defined(U_IN_DOXYGEN) /** * wchar_t * constructor. * (Only defined if U_SIZEOF_WCHAR_T==2.) * Delegates to UnicodeString(const char16_t *, int32_t). * * Note, for string literals: * Since C++17 and ICU 76, you can use UTF-16 string literals with compile-time * length determination: * \code * UnicodeString str(u"literal"); * if (str == u"other literal") { ... } * \endcode * * @param text UTF-16 string * @param textLength string length * @stable ICU 59 */ UnicodeString(const wchar_t *text, int32_t textLength) : UnicodeString(ConstChar16Ptr(text), textLength) {} #endif /** * nullptr_t constructor. * Effectively the same as the default constructor, makes an empty string object. * @param text nullptr * @param textLength ignored * @stable ICU 59 */ inline UnicodeString(const std::nullptr_t text, int32_t textLength); /** * Constructor from `text` * which is, or which is implicitly convertible to, * a std::u16string_view or (if U_SIZEOF_WCHAR_T==2) std::wstring_view. * The string is bogus if the string view is too long. * * If you need a UnicodeString but need not copy the string view contents, * then you can call the UnicodeString::readOnlyAlias() function instead of this constructor * * @param text UTF-16 string * @stable ICU 76 */ template<typename S, typename = std::enable_if_t<ConvertibleToU16StringView<S>>> UNISTR_FROM_STRING_EXPLICIT UnicodeString(const S &text) { fUnion.fFields.fLengthAndFlags = kShortString; doAppend(internal::toU16StringViewNullable(text)); } /** * Readonly-aliasing char16_t* constructor. * The text will be used for the UnicodeString object, but * it will not be released when the UnicodeString is destroyed. * This has copy-on-write semantics: * When the string is modified, then the buffer is first copied into * newly allocated memory. * The aliased buffer is never modified. * * In an assignment to another UnicodeString, when using the copy constructor * or the assignment operator, the text will be copied. * When using fastCopyFrom(), the text will be aliased again, * so that both strings then alias the same readonly-text. * * Note, for string literals: * Since C++17 and ICU 76, you can use UTF-16 string literals with compile-time * length determination: * \code * UnicodeString alias = UnicodeString::readOnlyAlias(u"literal"); * if (str == u"other literal") { ... } * \endcode * * @param isTerminated specifies if `text` is `NUL`-terminated. * This must be true if `textLength==-1`. * @param text The characters to alias for the UnicodeString. * @param textLength The number of Unicode characters in `text` to alias. * If -1, then this constructor will determine the length * by calling `u_strlen()`. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ UnicodeString(UBool isTerminated, ConstChar16Ptr text, int32_t textLength); /** * Writable-aliasing char16_t* constructor. * The text will be used for the UnicodeString object, but * it will not be released when the UnicodeString is destroyed. * This has write-through semantics: * For as long as the capacity of the buffer is sufficient, write operations * will directly affect the buffer. When more capacity is necessary, then * a new buffer will be allocated and the contents copied as with regularly * constructed strings. * In an assignment to another UnicodeString, the buffer will be copied. * The extract(Char16Ptr dst) function detects whether the dst pointer is the same * as the string buffer itself and will in this case not copy the contents. * * @param buffer The characters to alias for the UnicodeString. * @param buffLength The number of Unicode characters in `buffer` to alias. * @param buffCapacity The size of `buffer` in char16_ts. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ UnicodeString(char16_t *buffer, int32_t buffLength, int32_t buffCapacity); #if !U_CHAR16_IS_TYPEDEF /** * Writable-aliasing uint16_t * constructor. * Delegates to UnicodeString(const char16_t *, int32_t, int32_t). * @param buffer writable buffer of/for UTF-16 text * @param buffLength length of the current buffer contents * @param buffCapacity buffer capacity * @stable ICU 59 */ UnicodeString(uint16_t *buffer, int32_t buffLength, int32_t buffCapacity) : UnicodeString(Char16Ptr(buffer), buffLength, buffCapacity) {} #endif #if U_SIZEOF_WCHAR_T==2 || defined(U_IN_DOXYGEN) /** * Writable-aliasing wchar_t * constructor. * (Only defined if U_SIZEOF_WCHAR_T==2.) * Delegates to UnicodeString(const char16_t *, int32_t, int32_t). * @param buffer writable buffer of/for UTF-16 text * @param buffLength length of the current buffer contents * @param buffCapacity buffer capacity * @stable ICU 59 */ UnicodeString(wchar_t *buffer, int32_t buffLength, int32_t buffCapacity) : UnicodeString(Char16Ptr(buffer), buffLength, buffCapacity) {} #endif /** * Writable-aliasing nullptr_t constructor. * Effectively the same as the default constructor, makes an empty string object. * @param buffer nullptr * @param buffLength ignored * @param buffCapacity ignored * @stable ICU 59 */ inline UnicodeString(std::nullptr_t buffer, int32_t buffLength, int32_t buffCapacity); #if U_CHARSET_IS_UTF8 || !UCONFIG_NO_CONVERSION /** * char* constructor. * Uses the default converter (and thus depends on the ICU conversion code) * unless U_CHARSET_IS_UTF8 is set to 1. * * For ASCII (really "invariant character") strings it is more efficient to use * the constructor that takes a US_INV (for its enum EInvariant). * * Note, for string literals: * Since C++17 and ICU 76, you can use UTF-16 string literals with compile-time * length determination: * \code * UnicodeString str(u"literal"); * if (str == u"other literal") { ... } * \endcode * * It is recommended to mark this constructor "explicit" by * `-DUNISTR_FROM_STRING_EXPLICIT=explicit` * on the compiler command line or similar. * @param codepageData an array of bytes, null-terminated, * in the platform's default codepage. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ UNISTR_FROM_STRING_EXPLICIT UnicodeString(const char *codepageData); /** * char* constructor. * Uses the default converter (and thus depends on the ICU conversion code) * unless U_CHARSET_IS_UTF8 is set to 1. * @param codepageData an array of bytes in the platform's default codepage. * @param dataLength The number of bytes in `codepageData`. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ UnicodeString(const char *codepageData, int32_t dataLength); #endif #if !UCONFIG_NO_CONVERSION /** * char* constructor. * @param codepageData an array of bytes, null-terminated * @param codepage the encoding of `codepageData`. The special * value 0 for `codepage` indicates that the text is in the * platform's default codepage. * * If `codepage` is an empty string (`""`), * then a simple conversion is performed on the codepage-invariant * subset ("invariant characters") of the platform encoding. See utypes.h. * Recommendation: For invariant-character strings use the constructor * UnicodeString(const char *src, int32_t length, enum EInvariant inv) * because it avoids object code dependencies of UnicodeString on * the conversion code. * * @stable ICU 2.0 */ UnicodeString(const char *codepageData, const char *codepage); /** * char* constructor. * @param codepageData an array of bytes. * @param dataLength The number of bytes in `codepageData`. * @param codepage the encoding of `codepageData`. The special * value 0 for `codepage` indicates that the text is in the * platform's default codepage. * If `codepage` is an empty string (`""`), * then a simple conversion is performed on the codepage-invariant * subset ("invariant characters") of the platform encoding. See utypes.h. * Recommendation: For invariant-character strings use the constructor * UnicodeString(const char *src, int32_t length, enum EInvariant inv) * because it avoids object code dependencies of UnicodeString on * the conversion code. * * @stable ICU 2.0 */ UnicodeString(const char *codepageData, int32_t dataLength, const char *codepage); /** * char * / UConverter constructor. * This constructor uses an existing UConverter object to * convert the codepage string to Unicode and construct a UnicodeString * from that. * * The converter is reset at first. * If the error code indicates a failure before this constructor is called, * or if an error occurs during conversion or construction, * then the string will be bogus. * * This function avoids the overhead of opening and closing a converter if * multiple strings are constructed. * * @param src input codepage string * @param srcLength length of the input string, can be -1 for NUL-terminated strings * @param cnv converter object (ucnv_resetToUnicode() will be called), * can be nullptr for the default converter * @param errorCode normal ICU error code * @stable ICU 2.0 */ UnicodeString( const char *src, int32_t srcLength, UConverter *cnv, UErrorCode &errorCode); #endif /** * Constructs a Unicode string from an invariant-character char * string. * About invariant characters see utypes.h. * This constructor has no runtime dependency on conversion code and is * therefore recommended over ones taking a charset name string * (where the empty string "" indicates invariant-character conversion). * * Use the macro US_INV as the third, signature-distinguishing parameter. * * For example: * \code * void fn(const char *s) { * UnicodeString ustr(s, -1, US_INV); * // use ustr ... * } * \endcode * * Note, for string literals: * Since C++17 and ICU 76, you can use UTF-16 string literals with compile-time * length determination: * \code * UnicodeString str(u"literal"); * if (str == u"other literal") { ... } * \endcode * * @param src String using only invariant characters. * @param textLength Length of src, or -1 if NUL-terminated. * @param inv Signature-distinguishing parameter, use US_INV. * * @see US_INV * @stable ICU 3.2 */ UnicodeString(const char *src, int32_t textLength, enum EInvariant inv); /** * Copy constructor. * * Starting with ICU 2.4, the assignment operator and the copy constructor * allocate a new buffer and copy the buffer contents even for readonly aliases. * By contrast, the fastCopyFrom() function implements the old, * more efficient but less safe behavior * of making this string also a readonly alias to the same buffer. * * If the source object has an "open" buffer from getBuffer(minCapacity), * then the copy is an empty string. * * @param that The UnicodeString object to copy. * @stable ICU 2.0 * @see fastCopyFrom */ UnicodeString(const UnicodeString& that); /** * Move constructor; might leave src in bogus state. * This string will have the same contents and state that the source string had. * @param src source string * @stable ICU 56 */ UnicodeString(UnicodeString &&src) noexcept; /** * 'Substring' constructor from tail of source string. * @param src The UnicodeString object to copy. * @param srcStart The offset into `src` at which to start copying. * @stable ICU 2.2 */ UnicodeString(const UnicodeString& src, int32_t srcStart); /** * 'Substring' constructor from subrange of source string. * @param src The UnicodeString object to copy. * @param srcStart The offset into `src` at which to start copying. * @param srcLength The number of characters from `src` to copy. * @stable ICU 2.2 */ UnicodeString(const UnicodeString& src, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength); /** * Clone this object, an instance of a subclass of Replaceable. * Clones can be used concurrently in multiple threads. * If a subclass does not implement clone(), or if an error occurs, * then nullptr is returned. * The caller must delete the clone. * * @return a clone of this object * * @see Replaceable::clone * @see getDynamicClassID * @stable ICU 2.6 */ virtual UnicodeString *clone() const override; /** Destructor. * @stable ICU 2.0 */ virtual ~UnicodeString(); /** * Readonly-aliasing factory method. * Aliases the same buffer as the input `text` * which is, or which is implicitly convertible to, * a std::u16string_view or (if U_SIZEOF_WCHAR_T==2) std::wstring_view. * The string is bogus if the string view is too long. * * The text will be used for the UnicodeString object, but * it will not be released when the UnicodeString is destroyed. * This has copy-on-write semantics: * When the string is modified, then the buffer is first copied into * newly allocated memory. * The aliased buffer is never modified. * * In an assignment to another UnicodeString, when using the copy constructor * or the assignment operator, the text will be copied. * When using fastCopyFrom(), the text will be aliased again, * so that both strings then alias the same readonly-text. * * @param text The string view to alias for the UnicodeString. * @stable ICU 76 */ template<typename S, typename = std::enable_if_t<ConvertibleToU16StringView<S>>> static inline UnicodeString readOnlyAlias(const S &text) { return readOnlyAliasFromU16StringView(internal::toU16StringView(text)); } /** * Readonly-aliasing factory method. * Aliases the same buffer as the input `text`. * * The text will be used for the UnicodeString object, but * it will not be released when the UnicodeString is destroyed. * This has copy-on-write semantics: * When the string is modified, then the buffer is first copied into * newly allocated memory. * The aliased buffer is never modified. * * In an assignment to another UnicodeString, when using the copy constructor * or the assignment operator, the text will be copied. * When using fastCopyFrom(), the text will be aliased again, * so that both strings then alias the same readonly-text. * * @param text The UnicodeString to alias. * @stable ICU 76 */ static inline UnicodeString readOnlyAlias(const UnicodeString &text) { return readOnlyAliasFromUnicodeString(text); } /** * Create a UnicodeString from a UTF-8 string. * Illegal input is replaced with U+FFFD. Otherwise, errors result in a bogus string. * Calls u_strFromUTF8WithSub(). * * @param utf8 UTF-8 input string. * Note that a StringPiece can be implicitly constructed * from a std::string or a NUL-terminated const char * string. * @return A UnicodeString with equivalent UTF-16 contents. * @see toUTF8 * @see toUTF8String * @stable ICU 4.2 */ static UnicodeString fromUTF8(StringPiece utf8); /** * Create a UnicodeString from a UTF-32 string. * Illegal input is replaced with U+FFFD. Otherwise, errors result in a bogus string. * Calls u_strFromUTF32WithSub(). * * @param utf32 UTF-32 input string. Must not be nullptr. * @param length Length of the input string, or -1 if NUL-terminated. * @return A UnicodeString with equivalent UTF-16 contents. * @see toUTF32 * @stable ICU 4.2 */ static UnicodeString fromUTF32(const UChar32 *utf32, int32_t length); /* Miscellaneous operations */ /** * Unescape a string of characters and return a string containing * the result. The following escape sequences are recognized: * * \\uhhhh 4 hex digits; h in [0-9A-Fa-f] * \\Uhhhhhhhh 8 hex digits * \\xhh 1-2 hex digits * \\ooo 1-3 octal digits; o in [0-7] * \\cX control-X; X is masked with 0x1F * * as well as the standard ANSI C escapes: * * \\a => U+0007, \\b => U+0008, \\t => U+0009, \\n => U+000A, * \\v => U+000B, \\f => U+000C, \\r => U+000D, \\e => U+001B, * \\" => U+0022, \\' => U+0027, \\? => U+003F, \\\\ => U+005C * * Anything else following a backslash is generically escaped. For * example, "[a\\-z]" returns "[a-z]". * * If an escape sequence is ill-formed, this method returns an empty * string. An example of an ill-formed sequence is "\\u" followed by * fewer than 4 hex digits. * * This function is similar to u_unescape() but not identical to it. * The latter takes a source char*, so it does escape recognition * and also invariant conversion. * * @return a string with backslash escapes interpreted, or an * empty string on error. * @see UnicodeString#unescapeAt() * @see u_unescape() * @see u_unescapeAt() * @stable ICU 2.0 */ UnicodeString unescape() const; /** * Unescape a single escape sequence and return the represented * character. See unescape() for a listing of the recognized escape * sequences. The character at offset-1 is assumed (without * checking) to be a backslash. If the escape sequence is * ill-formed, or the offset is out of range, U_SENTINEL=-1 is * returned. * * @param offset an input output parameter. On input, it is the * offset into this string where the escape sequence is located, * after the initial backslash. On output, it is advanced after the * last character parsed. On error, it is not advanced at all. * @return the character represented by the escape sequence at * offset, or U_SENTINEL=-1 on error. * @see UnicodeString#unescape() * @see u_unescape() * @see u_unescapeAt() * @stable ICU 2.0 */ UChar32 unescapeAt(int32_t &offset) const; /** * ICU "poor man's RTTI", returns a UClassID for this class. * * @stable ICU 2.2 */ static UClassID U_EXPORT2 getStaticClassID(); /** * ICU "poor man's RTTI", returns a UClassID for the actual class. * * @stable ICU 2.2 */ virtual UClassID getDynamicClassID() const override; //======================================== // Implementation methods //======================================== protected: /** * Implement Replaceable::getLength() (see jitterbug 1027). * @stable ICU 2.4 */ virtual int32_t getLength() const override; /** * The change in Replaceable to use virtual getCharAt() allows * UnicodeString::charAt() to be inline again (see jitterbug 709). * @stable ICU 2.4 */ virtual char16_t getCharAt(int32_t offset) const override; /** * The change in Replaceable to use virtual getChar32At() allows * UnicodeString::char32At() to be inline again (see jitterbug 709). * @stable ICU 2.4 */ virtual UChar32 getChar32At(int32_t offset) const override; private: static UnicodeString readOnlyAliasFromU16StringView(std::u16string_view text); static UnicodeString readOnlyAliasFromUnicodeString(const UnicodeString &text); // For char* constructors. Could be made public. UnicodeString &setToUTF8(StringPiece utf8); // For extract(char*). // We could make a toUTF8(target, capacity, errorCode) public but not // this version: New API will be cleaner if we make callers create substrings // rather than having start+length on every method, // and it should take a UErrorCode&. int32_t toUTF8(int32_t start, int32_t len, char *target, int32_t capacity) const; /** * Internal string contents comparison, called by operator==. * Requires: this & text not bogus and have same lengths. */ inline UBool doEquals(const UnicodeString &text, int32_t len) const { return doEquals(text.getArrayStart(), len); } UBool doEquals(const char16_t *text, int32_t len) const; inline UBool doEqualsSubstring(int32_t start, int32_t length, const UnicodeString& srcText, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength) const; UBool doEqualsSubstring(int32_t start, int32_t length, const char16_t *srcChars, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength) const; inline int8_t doCompare(int32_t start, int32_t length, const UnicodeString& srcText, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength) const; int8_t doCompare(int32_t start, int32_t length, const char16_t *srcChars, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength) const; inline int8_t doCompareCodePointOrder(int32_t start, int32_t length, const UnicodeString& srcText, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength) const; int8_t doCompareCodePointOrder(int32_t start, int32_t length, const char16_t *srcChars, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength) const; inline int8_t doCaseCompare(int32_t start, int32_t length, const UnicodeString &srcText, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength, uint32_t options) const; int8_t doCaseCompare(int32_t start, int32_t length, const char16_t *srcChars, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength, uint32_t options) const; int32_t doIndexOf(char16_t c, int32_t start, int32_t length) const; int32_t doIndexOf(UChar32 c, int32_t start, int32_t length) const; int32_t doLastIndexOf(char16_t c, int32_t start, int32_t length) const; int32_t doLastIndexOf(UChar32 c, int32_t start, int32_t length) const; void doExtract(int32_t start, int32_t length, char16_t *dst, int32_t dstStart) const; inline void doExtract(int32_t start, int32_t length, UnicodeString& target) const; inline char16_t doCharAt(int32_t offset) const; UnicodeString& doReplace(int32_t start, int32_t length, const UnicodeString& srcText, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength); UnicodeString& doReplace(int32_t start, int32_t length, const char16_t *srcChars, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength); UnicodeString& doReplace(int32_t start, int32_t length, std::u16string_view src); UnicodeString& doAppend(const UnicodeString& src, int32_t srcStart, int32_t src UnicodeString& doAppend(const char16_t *srcChars, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLeng UnicodeString& doAppend(std::u16string_view src); UnicodeString& doReverse(int32_t start, int32_t length); // calculate hash code int32_t doHashCode() const; // get pointer to start of array // these do not check for kOpenGetBuffer, unlike the public getBuffer() function inline char16_t* getArrayStart(); inline const char16_t* getArrayStart() const; inline UBool hasShortLength() const; inline int32_t getShortLength() const; // A UnicodeString object (not necessarily its current buffer) // is writable unless it isBogus() or it has an "open" getBuffer(minCapacity). inline UBool isWritable() const; // Is the current buffer writable? inline UBool isBufferWritable() const; // None of the following does releaseArray(). inline void setZeroLength(); inline void setShortLength(int32_t len); inline void setLength(int32_t len); inline void setToEmpty(); inline void setArray(char16_t *array, int32_t len, int32_t capacity); // sets length but not // allocate the array; result may be the stack buffer // sets refCount to 1 if appropriate // sets fArray, fCapacity, and flags // sets length to 0 // returns boolean for success or failure UBool allocate(int32_t capacity); // release the array if owned void releaseArray(); // turn a bogus string into an empty one void unBogus(); // implements assignment operator, copy constructor, and fastCopyFrom() UnicodeString ©From(const UnicodeString &src, UBool fastCopy=false); // Copies just the fields without memory management. void copyFieldsFrom(UnicodeString &src, UBool setSrcToBogus) noexcept; // Pin start and limit to acceptable values. inline void pinIndex(int32_t& start) const; inline void pinIndices(int32_t& start, int32_t& length) const; #if !UCONFIG_NO_CONVERSION /* Internal extract() using UConverter. */ int32_t doExtract(int32_t start, int32_t length, char *dest, int32_t destCapacity, UConverter *cnv, UErrorCode &errorCode) const; /* * Real constructor for converting from codepage data. * It assumes that it is called with !fRefCounted. * * If `codepage==0`, then the default converter * is used for the platform encoding. * If `codepage` is an empty string (`""`), * then a simple conversion is performed on the codepage-invariant * subset ("invariant characters") of the platform encoding. See utypes.h. */ void doCodepageCreate(const char *codepageData, int32_t dataLength, const char *codepage); /* * Worker function for creating a UnicodeString from * a codepage string using a UConverter. */ void doCodepageCreate(const char *codepageData, int32_t dataLength, UConverter *converter, UErrorCode &status); #endif /* * This function is called when write access to the array * is necessary. * * We need to make a copy of the array if * the buffer is read-only, or * the buffer is refCounted (shared), and refCount>1, or * the buffer is too small. * * Return false if memory could not be allocated. */ UBool cloneArrayIfNeeded(int32_t newCapacity = -1, int32_t growCapacity = -1, UBool doCopyArray = true, int32_t** pBufferToDelete = nullptr, UBool forceClone = false); /** * Common function for UnicodeString case mappings. * The stringCaseMapper has the same type UStringCaseMapper * as in ustr_imp.h for ustrcase_map(). */ UnicodeString & caseMap(int32_t caseLocale, uint32_t options, #if !UCONFIG_NO_BREAK_ITERATION BreakIterator *iter, #endif UStringCaseMapper *stringCaseMapper); // ref counting void addRef(); int32_t removeRef(); int32_t refCount() const; // constants enum { /** * Size of stack buffer for short strings. * Must be at least U16_MAX_LENGTH for the single-code point constructor to work. * @see UNISTR_OBJECT_SIZE */ US_STACKBUF_SIZE = static_cast<int32_t>(UNISTR_OBJECT_SIZE - sizeof(void*) - 2) / U_SIZEOF kInvalidUChar=0xffff, // U+FFFF returned by charAt(invalid index) kInvalidHashCode=0, // invalid hash code kEmptyHashCode=1, // hash code for empty string // bit flag values for fLengthAndFlags kIsBogus=1, // this string is bogus, i.e., not valid or nullptr kUsingStackBuffer=2,// using fUnion.fStackFields instead of fUnion.fFields kRefCounted=4, // there is a refCount field before the characters in fArray kBufferIsReadonly=8,// do not write to this buffer kOpenGetBuffer=16, // getBuffer(minCapacity) was called (is "open"), // and releaseBuffer(newLength) must be called kAllStorageFlags=0x1f, kLengthShift=5, // remaining 11 bits for non-negative short length, or negative if long kLength1=1<<kLengthShift, kMaxShortLength=0x3ff, // max non-negative short length (leaves top bit 0) kLengthIsLarge=0xffe0, // short length < 0, real length is in fUnion.fFields.fLength // combined values for convenience kShortString=kUsingStackBuffer, kLongString=kRefCounted, kReadonlyAlias=kBufferIsReadonly, kWritableAlias=0 }; friend class UnicodeStringAppendable; union StackBufferOrFields; // forward declaration necessary before friend declaration friend union StackBufferOrFields; // make US_STACKBUF_SIZE visible inside fUnion /* * The following are all the class fields that are stored * in each UnicodeString object. * Note that UnicodeString has virtual functions, * therefore there is an implicit vtable pointer * as the first real field. * The fields should be aligned such that no padding is necessary. * On 32-bit machines, the size should be 32 bytes, * on 64-bit machines (8-byte pointers), it should be 40 bytes. * * We use a hack to achieve this. * * With at least some compilers, each of the following is forced to * a multiple of sizeof(pointer) [the largest field base unit here is a data pointer], * rounded up with additional padding if the fields do not already fit that requirement: * - sizeof(class UnicodeString) * - offsetof(UnicodeString, fUnion) * - sizeof(fUnion) * - sizeof(fStackFields) * * We optimize for the longest possible internal buffer for short strings. * fUnion.fStackFields begins with 2 bytes for storage flags * and the length of relatively short strings, * followed by the buffer for short string contents. * There is no padding inside fStackFields. * * Heap-allocated and aliased strings use fUnion.fFields. * Both fStackFields and fFields must begin with the same fields for flags and short length, * that is, those must have the same memory offsets inside the object, * because the flags must be inspected in order to decide which half of fUnion is being used. * We assume that the compiler does not reorder the fields. * * (Padding at the end of fFields is ok: * As long as it is no larger than fStackFields, it is not wasted space.) * * For some of the history of the UnicodeString class fields layout, see * - ICU ticket #11551 "longer UnicodeString contents in stack buffer" * - ICU ticket #11336 "UnicodeString: recombine stack buffer arrays" * - ICU ticket #8322 "why is sizeof(UnicodeString)==48?" */ // (implicit) *vtable; union StackBufferOrFields { // fStackFields is used iff (fLengthAndFlags&kUsingStackBuffer) else fFields is used. // Each struct of the union must begin with fLengthAndFlags. struct { int16_t fLengthAndFlags; // bit fields: see constants above char16_t fBuffer[US_STACKBUF_SIZE]; // buffer for short strings } fStackFields; struct { int16_t fLengthAndFlags; // bit fields: see constants above int32_t fLength; // number of characters in fArray if >127; else undefined int32_t fCapacity; // capacity of fArray (in char16_ts) // array pointer last to minimize padding for machines with P128 data model // or pointer sizes that are not a power of 2 char16_t *fArray; // the Unicode data } fFields; } fUnion; }; /** * Creates a new UnicodeString from the concatenation of two others. * * @param s1 The first string to be copied to the new one. * @param s2 The second string to be copied to the new one, after s1. * @return UnicodeString(s1).append(s2) * @stable ICU 2.8 */ U_COMMON_API UnicodeString U_EXPORT2 operator+ (const UnicodeString &s1, const UnicodeString &s2); /** * Creates a new UnicodeString from the concatenation of a UnicodeString and `s2` * which is, or which is implicitly convertible to, * a std::u16string_view or (if U_SIZEOF_WCHAR_T==2) std::wstring_view. * * @param s1 The string to be copied to the new one. * @param s2 The string view to be copied to the new string, after s1. * @return UnicodeString(s1).append(s2) * @stable ICU 76 */ template< typename US, typename S, typename = std::enable_if_t<ConvertibleToU16StringView<S> && std::is_same_v<US, UnicodeStri inline UnicodeString operator+(const US &s1, const S &s2) { return unistr_internalConcat(s1, internal::toU16StringView(s2)); } #ifndef U_FORCE_HIDE_INTERNAL_API /** @internal */ U_COMMON_API UnicodeString U_EXPORT2 unistr_internalConcat(const UnicodeString &s1, std::u16string_view s2); #endif //======================================== // Inline members //======================================== //======================================== // Privates //======================================== inline void UnicodeString::pinIndex(int32_t& start) const { // pin index if(start < 0) { start = 0; } else if(start > length()) { start = length(); } } inline void UnicodeString::pinIndices(int32_t& start, int32_t& _length) const { // pin indices int32_t len = length(); if(start < 0) { start = 0; } else if(start > len) { start = len; } if(_length < 0) { _length = 0; } else if(_length > (len - start)) { _length = (len - start); } } inline char16_t* UnicodeString::getArrayStart() { return (fUnion.fFields.fLengthAndFlags&kUsingStackBuffer) ? fUnion.fStackFields.fBuffer : fUnion.fFields.fArray; } inline const char16_t* UnicodeString::getArrayStart() const { return (fUnion.fFields.fLengthAndFlags&kUsingStackBuffer) ? fUnion.fStackFields.fBuffer : fUnion.fFields.fArray; } //======================================== // Default constructor //======================================== inline UnicodeString::UnicodeString() { fUnion.fStackFields.fLengthAndFlags=kShortString; } inline UnicodeString::UnicodeString(const std::nullptr_t /*text*/) { fUnion.fStackFields.fLengthAndFlags=kShortString; } inline UnicodeString::UnicodeString(const std::nullptr_t /*text*/, int32_t /*length*/ fUnion.fStackFields.fLengthAndFlags=kShortString; } inline UnicodeString::UnicodeString(std::nullptr_t /*buffer*/, int32_t /*buffLength* fUnion.fStackFields.fLengthAndFlags=kShortString; } //======================================== // Read-only implementation methods //======================================== inline UBool UnicodeString::hasShortLength() const { return fUnion.fFields.fLengthAndFlags>=0; } inline int32_t UnicodeString::getShortLength() const { // fLengthAndFlags must be non-negative -> short length >= 0 // and arithmetic or logical shift does not matter. return fUnion.fFields.fLengthAndFlags>>kLengthShift; } inline int32_t UnicodeString::length() const { return hasShortLength() ? getShortLength() : fUnion.fFields.fLength; } inline int32_t UnicodeString::getCapacity() const { return (fUnion.fFields.fLengthAndFlags&kUsingStackBuffer) ? US_STACKBUF_SIZE : fUnion.fFields.fCapacity; } inline int32_t UnicodeString::hashCode() const { return doHashCode(); } inline UBool UnicodeString::isBogus() const { return fUnion.fFields.fLengthAndFlags & kIsBogus; } inline UBool UnicodeString::isWritable() const { return !(fUnion.fFields.fLengthAndFlags & (kOpenGetBuffer | kIsBogus)); } inline UBool UnicodeString::isBufferWritable() const { return !(fUnion.fFields.fLengthAndFlags&(kOpenGetBuffer|kIsBogus|kBufferIsReadonly)) && (!(fUnion.fFields.fLengthAndFlags&kRefCounted) || refCount()==1); } inline const char16_t * UnicodeString::getBuffer() const { if(fUnion.fFields.fLengthAndFlags&(kIsBogus|kOpenGetBuffer)) { return nullptr; } else if(fUnion.fFields.fLengthAndFlags&kUsingStackBuffer) { return fUnion.fStackFields.fBuffer; } else { return fUnion.fFields.fArray; } } //======================================== // Read-only alias methods //======================================== inline int8_t UnicodeString::doCompare(int32_t start, int32_t thisLength, const UnicodeString& srcText, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength) const { if(srcText.isBogus()) { return static_cast<int8_t>(!isBogus()); // 0 if both are bogus, 1 otherwise } else { srcText.pinIndices(srcStart, srcLength); return doCompare(start, thisLength, srcText.getArrayStart(), srcStart, srcLength); } } inline UBool UnicodeString::doEqualsSubstring(int32_t start, int32_t thisLength, const UnicodeString& srcText, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength) const { if(srcText.isBogus()) { return isBogus(); } else { srcText.pinIndices(srcStart, srcLength); return !isBogus() && doEqualsSubstring(start, thisLength, srcText.getArrayStart(), srcSt } } inline bool UnicodeString::operator== (const UnicodeString& text) const { if(isBogus()) { return text.isBogus(); } else { int32_t len = length(), textLength = text.length(); return !text.isBogus() && len == textLength && doEquals(text, len); } } inline bool UnicodeString::operator!= (const UnicodeString& text) const { return (! operator==(text)); } inline UBool UnicodeString::operator> (const UnicodeString& text) const { return doCompare(0, length(), text, 0, text.length()) == 1; } inline UBool UnicodeString::operator< (const UnicodeString& text) const { return doCompare(0, length(), text, 0, text.length()) == -1; } inline UBool UnicodeString::operator>= (const UnicodeString& text) const { return doCompare(0, length(), text, 0, text.length()) != -1; } inline UBool UnicodeString::operator<= (const UnicodeString& text) const { return doCompare(0, length(), text, 0, text.length()) != 1; } inline int8_t UnicodeString::compare(const UnicodeString& text) const { return doCompare(0, length(), text, 0, text.length()); } inline int8_t UnicodeString::compare(int32_t start, int32_t _length, const UnicodeString& srcText) const { return doCompare(start, _length, srcText, 0, srcText.length()); } inline int8_t UnicodeString::compare(ConstChar16Ptr srcChars, int32_t srcLength) const { return doCompare(0, length(), srcChars, 0, srcLength); } inline int8_t UnicodeString::compare(int32_t start, int32_t _length, const UnicodeString& srcText, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength) const { return doCompare(start, _length, srcText, srcStart, srcLength); } inline int8_t UnicodeString::compare(int32_t start, int32_t _length, const char16_t *srcChars) const { return doCompare(start, _length, srcChars, 0, _length); } inline int8_t UnicodeString::compare(int32_t start, int32_t _length, const char16_t *srcChars, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength) const { return doCompare(start, _length, srcChars, srcStart, srcLength); } inline int8_t UnicodeString::compareBetween(int32_t start, int32_t limit, const UnicodeString& srcText, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLimit) const { return doCompare(start, limit - start, srcText, srcStart, srcLimit - srcStart); } inline int8_t UnicodeString::doCompareCodePointOrder(int32_t start, int32_t thisLength, const UnicodeString& srcText, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength) const { if(srcText.isBogus()) { return static_cast<int8_t>(!isBogus()); // 0 if both are bogus, 1 otherwise } else { srcText.pinIndices(srcStart, srcLength); return doCompareCodePointOrder(start, thisLength, srcText.getArrayStart(), srcStart, } } inline int8_t UnicodeString::compareCodePointOrder(const UnicodeString& text) const { return doCompareCodePointOrder(0, length(), text, 0, text.length()); } inline int8_t UnicodeString::compareCodePointOrder(int32_t start, int32_t _length, const UnicodeString& srcText) const { return doCompareCodePointOrder(start, _length, srcText, 0, srcText.length()); } inline int8_t UnicodeString::compareCodePointOrder(ConstChar16Ptr srcChars, int32_t srcLength) const { return doCompareCodePointOrder(0, length(), srcChars, 0, srcLength); } inline int8_t UnicodeString::compareCodePointOrder(int32_t start, int32_t _length, const UnicodeString& srcText, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength) const { return doCompareCodePointOrder(start, _length, srcText, srcStart, srcLength); } inline int8_t UnicodeString::compareCodePointOrder(int32_t start, int32_t _length, const char16_t *srcChars) const { return doCompareCodePointOrder(start, _length, srcChars, 0, _length); } inline int8_t UnicodeString::compareCodePointOrder(int32_t start, int32_t _length, const char16_t *srcChars, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength) const { return doCompareCodePointOrder(start, _length, srcChars, srcStart, srcLength); } inline int8_t UnicodeString::compareCodePointOrderBetween(int32_t start, int32_t limit, const UnicodeString& srcText, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLimit) const { return doCompareCodePointOrder(start, limit - start, srcText, srcStart, srcLimit - srcStart); } inline int8_t UnicodeString::doCaseCompare(int32_t start, int32_t thisLength, const UnicodeString &srcText, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength, uint32_t options) const { if(srcText.isBogus()) { return static_cast<int8_t>(!isBogus()); // 0 if both are bogus, 1 otherwise } else { srcText.pinIndices(srcStart, srcLength); return doCaseCompare(start, thisLength, srcText.getArrayStart(), srcStart, srcLength, } } inline int8_t UnicodeString::caseCompare(const UnicodeString &text, uint32_t options) const { return doCaseCompare(0, length(), text, 0, text.length(), options); } inline int8_t UnicodeString::caseCompare(int32_t start, int32_t _length, const UnicodeString &srcText, uint32_t options) const { return doCaseCompare(start, _length, srcText, 0, srcText.length(), options); } inline int8_t UnicodeString::caseCompare(ConstChar16Ptr srcChars, int32_t srcLength, uint32_t options) const { return doCaseCompare(0, length(), srcChars, 0, srcLength, options); } inline int8_t UnicodeString::caseCompare(int32_t start, int32_t _length, const UnicodeString &srcText, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength, uint32_t options) const { return doCaseCompare(start, _length, srcText, srcStart, srcLength, options); } inline int8_t UnicodeString::caseCompare(int32_t start, int32_t _length, const char16_t *srcChars, uint32_t options) const { return doCaseCompare(start, _length, srcChars, 0, _length, options); } inline int8_t UnicodeString::caseCompare(int32_t start, int32_t _length, const char16_t *srcChars, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength, uint32_t options) const { return doCaseCompare(start, _length, srcChars, srcStart, srcLength, options); } inline int8_t UnicodeString::caseCompareBetween(int32_t start, int32_t limit, const UnicodeString &srcText, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLimit, uint32_t options) const { return doCaseCompare(start, limit - start, srcText, srcStart, srcLimit - srcStart, options } inline int32_t UnicodeString::indexOf(const UnicodeString& srcText, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength, int32_t start, int32_t _length) const { if(!srcText.isBogus()) { srcText.pinIndices(srcStart, srcLength); if(srcLength > 0) { return indexOf(srcText.getArrayStart(), srcStart, srcLength, start, _length); } } return -1; } inline int32_t UnicodeString::indexOf(const UnicodeString& text) const { return indexOf(text, 0, text.length(), 0, length()); } inline int32_t UnicodeString::indexOf(const UnicodeString& text, int32_t start) const { pinIndex(start); return indexOf(text, 0, text.length(), start, length() - start); } inline int32_t UnicodeString::indexOf(const UnicodeString& text, int32_t start, int32_t _length) const { return indexOf(text, 0, text.length(), start, _length); } inline int32_t UnicodeString::indexOf(const char16_t *srcChars, int32_t srcLength, int32_t start) const { pinIndex(start); return indexOf(srcChars, 0, srcLength, start, length() - start); } inline int32_t UnicodeString::indexOf(ConstChar16Ptr srcChars, int32_t srcLength, int32_t start, int32_t _length) const { return indexOf(srcChars, 0, srcLength, start, _length); } inline int32_t UnicodeString::indexOf(char16_t c, int32_t start, int32_t _length) const { return doIndexOf(c, start, _length); } inline int32_t UnicodeString::indexOf(UChar32 c, int32_t start, int32_t _length) const { return doIndexOf(c, start, _length); } inline int32_t UnicodeString::indexOf(char16_t c) const { return doIndexOf(c, 0, length()); } inline int32_t UnicodeString::indexOf(UChar32 c) const { return indexOf(c, 0, length()); } inline int32_t UnicodeString::indexOf(char16_t c, int32_t start) const { pinIndex(start); return doIndexOf(c, start, length() - start); } inline int32_t UnicodeString::indexOf(UChar32 c, int32_t start) const { pinIndex(start); return indexOf(c, start, length() - start); } inline int32_t UnicodeString::lastIndexOf(ConstChar16Ptr srcChars, int32_t srcLength, int32_t start, int32_t _length) const { return lastIndexOf(srcChars, 0, srcLength, start, _length); } inline int32_t UnicodeString::lastIndexOf(const char16_t *srcChars, int32_t srcLength, int32_t start) const { pinIndex(start); return lastIndexOf(srcChars, 0, srcLength, start, length() - start); } inline int32_t UnicodeString::lastIndexOf(const UnicodeString& srcText, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength, int32_t start, int32_t _length) const { if(!srcText.isBogus()) { srcText.pinIndices(srcStart, srcLength); if(srcLength > 0) { return lastIndexOf(srcText.getArrayStart(), srcStart, srcLength, start, _length); } } return -1; } inline int32_t UnicodeString::lastIndexOf(const UnicodeString& text, int32_t start, int32_t _length) const { return lastIndexOf(text, 0, text.length(), start, _length); } inline int32_t UnicodeString::lastIndexOf(const UnicodeString& text, int32_t start) const { pinIndex(start); return lastIndexOf(text, 0, text.length(), start, length() - start); } inline int32_t UnicodeString::lastIndexOf(const UnicodeString& text) const { return lastIndexOf(text, 0, text.length(), 0, length()); } inline int32_t UnicodeString::lastIndexOf(char16_t c, int32_t start, int32_t _length) const { return doLastIndexOf(c, start, _length); } inline int32_t UnicodeString::lastIndexOf(UChar32 c, int32_t start, int32_t _length) const { return doLastIndexOf(c, start, _length); } inline int32_t UnicodeString::lastIndexOf(char16_t c) const { return doLastIndexOf(c, 0, length()); } inline int32_t UnicodeString::lastIndexOf(UChar32 c) const { return lastIndexOf(c, 0, length()); } inline int32_t UnicodeString::lastIndexOf(char16_t c, int32_t start) const { pinIndex(start); return doLastIndexOf(c, start, length() - start); } inline int32_t UnicodeString::lastIndexOf(UChar32 c, int32_t start) const { pinIndex(start); return lastIndexOf(c, start, length() - start); } inline UBool UnicodeString::startsWith(const UnicodeString& text) const { return doEqualsSubstring(0, text.length(), text, 0, text.length()); } inline UBool UnicodeString::startsWith(const UnicodeString& srcText, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength) const { return doEqualsSubstring(0, srcLength, srcText, srcStart, srcLength); } inline UBool UnicodeString::startsWith(ConstChar16Ptr srcChars, int32_t srcLength) const { if(srcLength < 0) { srcLength = u_strlen(toUCharPtr(srcChars)); } return doEqualsSubstring(0, srcLength, srcChars, 0, srcLength); } inline UBool UnicodeString::startsWith(const char16_t *srcChars, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLengt if(srcLength < 0) { srcLength = u_strlen(toUCharPtr(srcChars)); } return doEqualsSubstring(0, srcLength, srcChars, srcStart, srcLength); } inline UBool UnicodeString::endsWith(const UnicodeString& text) const { return doEqualsSubstring(length() - text.length(), text.length(), text, 0, text.length()); } inline UBool UnicodeString::endsWith(const UnicodeString& srcText, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength) const { srcText.pinIndices(srcStart, srcLength); return doEqualsSubstring(length() - srcLength, srcLength, srcText, srcStart, srcLength); } inline UBool UnicodeString::endsWith(ConstChar16Ptr srcChars, int32_t srcLength) const { if(srcLength < 0) { srcLength = u_strlen(toUCharPtr(srcChars)); } return doEqualsSubstring(length() - srcLength, srcLength, srcChars, 0, srcLength); } inline UBool UnicodeString::endsWith(const char16_t *srcChars, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength) const { if(srcLength < 0) { srcLength = u_strlen(toUCharPtr(srcChars + srcStart)); } return doEqualsSubstring(length() - srcLength, srcLength, srcChars, srcStart, srcLength); } //======================================== // replace //======================================== inline UnicodeString& UnicodeString::replace(int32_t start, int32_t _length, const UnicodeString& srcText) { return doReplace(start, _length, srcText, 0, srcText.length()); } inline UnicodeString& UnicodeString::replace(int32_t start, int32_t _length, const UnicodeString& srcText, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength) { return doReplace(start, _length, srcText, srcStart, srcLength); } inline UnicodeString& UnicodeString::replace(int32_t start, int32_t _length, ConstChar16Ptr srcChars, int32_t srcLength) { return doReplace(start, _length, srcChars, 0, srcLength); } inline UnicodeString& UnicodeString::replace(int32_t start, int32_t _length, const char16_t *srcChars, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength) { return doReplace(start, _length, srcChars, srcStart, srcLength); } inline UnicodeString& UnicodeString::replace(int32_t start, int32_t _length, char16_t srcChar) { return doReplace(start, _length, &srcChar, 0, 1); } inline UnicodeString& UnicodeString::replaceBetween(int32_t start, int32_t limit, const UnicodeString& srcText) { return doReplace(start, limit - start, srcText, 0, srcText.length()); } inline UnicodeString& UnicodeString::replaceBetween(int32_t start, int32_t limit, const UnicodeString& srcText, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLimit) { return doReplace(start, limit - start, srcText, srcStart, srcLimit - srcStart); } inline UnicodeString& UnicodeString::findAndReplace(const UnicodeString& oldText, const UnicodeString& newText) { return findAndReplace(0, length(), oldText, 0, oldText.length(), newText, 0, newText.length()); } inline UnicodeString& UnicodeString::findAndReplace(int32_t start, int32_t _length, const UnicodeString& oldText, const UnicodeString& newText) { return findAndReplace(start, _length, oldText, 0, oldText.length(), newText, 0, newText.length()); } // ============================ // extract // ============================ inline void UnicodeString::doExtract(int32_t start, int32_t _length, UnicodeString& target) const { target.replace(0, target.length(), *this, start, _length); } inline void UnicodeString::extract(int32_t start, int32_t _length, Char16Ptr target, int32_t targetStart) const { doExtract(start, _length, target, targetStart); } inline void UnicodeString::extract(int32_t start, int32_t _length, UnicodeString& target) const { doExtract(start, _length, target); } #if !UCONFIG_NO_CONVERSION inline int32_t UnicodeString::extract(int32_t start, int32_t _length, char *dst, const char *codepage) const { // This dstSize value will be checked explicitly return extract(start, _length, dst, dst != nullptr ? 0xffffffff : 0, codepage); } #endif inline void UnicodeString::extractBetween(int32_t start, int32_t limit, char16_t *dst, int32_t dstStart) const { pinIndex(start); pinIndex(limit); doExtract(start, limit - start, dst, dstStart); } inline UnicodeString UnicodeString::tempSubStringBetween(int32_t start, int32_t limit) const { return tempSubString(start, limit - start); } inline char16_t UnicodeString::doCharAt(int32_t offset) const { if (static_cast<uint32_t>(offset) < static_cast<uint32_t>(length())) { return getArrayStart()[offset]; } else { return kInvalidUChar; } } inline char16_t UnicodeString::charAt(int32_t offset) const { return doCharAt(offset); } inline char16_t UnicodeString::operator[] (int32_t offset) const { return doCharAt(offset); } inline UBool UnicodeString::isEmpty() const { // Arithmetic or logical right shift does not matter: only testing for 0. return (fUnion.fFields.fLengthAndFlags>>kLengthShift) == 0; } //======================================== // Write implementation methods //======================================== inline void UnicodeString::setZeroLength() { fUnion.fFields.fLengthAndFlags &= kAllStorageFlags; } inline void UnicodeString::setShortLength(int32_t len) { // requires 0 <= len <= kMaxShortLength fUnion.fFields.fLengthAndFlags = static_cast<int16_t>((fUnion.fFields.fLengthAndFlags & kAllStorageFlags) | (len << kLe } inline void UnicodeString::setLength(int32_t len) { if(len <= kMaxShortLength) { setShortLength(len); } else { fUnion.fFields.fLengthAndFlags |= kLengthIsLarge; fUnion.fFields.fLength = len; } } inline void UnicodeString::setToEmpty() { fUnion.fFields.fLengthAndFlags = kShortString; } inline void UnicodeString::setArray(char16_t *array, int32_t len, int32_t capacity) { setLength(len); fUnion.fFields.fArray = array; fUnion.fFields.fCapacity = capacity; } inline UnicodeString& UnicodeString::operator= (char16_t ch) { return doReplace(0, length(), &ch, 0, 1); } inline UnicodeString& UnicodeString::operator= (UChar32 ch) { return replace(0, length(), ch); } inline UnicodeString& UnicodeString::setTo(const UnicodeString& srcText, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength) { unBogus(); return doReplace(0, length(), srcText, srcStart, srcLength); } inline UnicodeString& UnicodeString::setTo(const UnicodeString& srcText, int32_t srcStart) { unBogus(); srcText.pinIndex(srcStart); return doReplace(0, length(), srcText, srcStart, srcText.length() - srcStart); } inline UnicodeString& UnicodeString::setTo(const UnicodeString& srcText) { return copyFrom(srcText); } inline UnicodeString& UnicodeString::setTo(const char16_t *srcChars, int32_t srcLength) { unBogus(); return doReplace(0, length(), srcChars, 0, srcLength); } inline UnicodeString& UnicodeString::setTo(char16_t srcChar) { unBogus(); return doReplace(0, length(), &srcChar, 0, 1); } inline UnicodeString& UnicodeString::setTo(UChar32 srcChar) { unBogus(); return replace(0, length(), srcChar); } inline UnicodeString& UnicodeString::append(const UnicodeString& srcText, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength) { return doAppend(srcText, srcStart, srcLength); } inline UnicodeString& UnicodeString::append(const UnicodeString& srcText) { return doAppend(srcText, 0, srcText.length()); } inline UnicodeString& UnicodeString::append(const char16_t *srcChars, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength) { return doAppend(srcChars, srcStart, srcLength); } inline UnicodeString& UnicodeString::append(ConstChar16Ptr srcChars, int32_t srcLength) { return doAppend(srcChars, 0, srcLength); } inline UnicodeString& UnicodeString::append(char16_t srcChar) { return doAppend(&srcChar, 0, 1); } inline UnicodeString& UnicodeString::operator+= (char16_t ch) { return doAppend(&ch, 0, 1); } inline UnicodeString& UnicodeString::operator+= (UChar32 ch) { return append(ch); } inline UnicodeString& UnicodeString::operator+= (const UnicodeString& srcText) { return doAppend(srcText, 0, srcText.length()); } inline UnicodeString& UnicodeString::insert(int32_t start, const UnicodeString& srcText, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength) { return doReplace(start, 0, srcText, srcStart, srcLength); } inline UnicodeString& UnicodeString::insert(int32_t start, const UnicodeString& srcText) { return doReplace(start, 0, srcText, 0, srcText.length()); } inline UnicodeString& UnicodeString::insert(int32_t start, const char16_t *srcChars, int32_t srcStart, int32_t srcLength) { return doReplace(start, 0, srcChars, srcStart, srcLength); } inline UnicodeString& UnicodeString::insert(int32_t start, ConstChar16Ptr srcChars, int32_t srcLength) { return doReplace(start, 0, srcChars, 0, srcLength); } inline UnicodeString& UnicodeString::insert(int32_t start, char16_t srcChar) { return doReplace(start, 0, &srcChar, 0, 1); } inline UnicodeString& UnicodeString::insert(int32_t start, UChar32 srcChar) { return replace(start, 0, srcChar); } inline UnicodeString& UnicodeString::remove() { // remove() of a bogus string makes the string empty and non-bogus if(isBogus()) { setToEmpty(); } else { setZeroLength(); } return *this; } inline UnicodeString& UnicodeString::remove(int32_t start, int32_t _length) { if(start <= 0 && _length == INT32_MAX) { // remove(guaranteed everything) of a bogus string makes the string empty and non-bogus return remove(); } return doReplace(start, _length, nullptr, 0, 0); } inline UnicodeString& UnicodeString::removeBetween(int32_t start, int32_t limit) { return doReplace(start, limit - start, nullptr, 0, 0); } inline UnicodeString & UnicodeString::retainBetween(int32_t start, int32_t limit) { truncate(limit); return doReplace(0, start, nullptr, 0, 0); } inline UBool UnicodeString::truncate(int32_t targetLength) { if(isBogus() && targetLength == 0) { // truncate(0) of a bogus string makes the string empty and non-bogus unBogus(); return false; } else if (static_cast<uint32_t>(targetLength) < static_cast<uint32_t>(length())) { setLength(targetLength); return true; } else { return false; } } inline UnicodeString& UnicodeString::reverse() { return doReverse(0, length()); } inline UnicodeString& UnicodeString::reverse(int32_t start, int32_t _length) { return doReverse(start, _length); } U_NAMESPACE_END #endif /* U_SHOW_CPLUSPLUS_API */ #endif
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2026-10-10