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For detailed information on key types and image signing, please see:
https://source.android.com/devices/tech/ota/sign_builds.html
The test keys in this directory are used in development only and should
NEVER be used to sign packages in publicly released images (as that would
open a major security hole).
key generation
--------------
The following commands were used to generate the test key pairs:
development/tools/make_key testkey
'/C=US/ST=California/L=Mountain View/O=Android/OU=Android/CN=Android/emailAddress=android@android.com'
development/tools/make_key platform
'/C=US/ST=California/L=Mountain View/O=Android/OU=Android/CN=Android/emailAddress=android@android.com'
development/tools/make_key shared
'/C=US/ST=California/L=Mountain View/O=Android/OU=Android/CN=Android/emailAddress=android@android.com'
development/tools/make_key media
'/C=US/ST=California/L=Mountain View/O=Android/OU=Android/CN=Android/emailAddress=android@android.com'
development/tools/make_key cts_uicc_2021
'/C=US/ST=California/L=Mountain View/O=Android/OU=Android/CN=Android/emailAddress=android@android.com'
signing using the openssl commandline (
for boot/system images)
--------------------------------------------------------------
1 . convert pk8 format key to pem format
% openssl pkcs8 -inform DER -nocrypt -in testkey.pk8 -out testkey.pem
2 . create a signature using the pem format key
% openssl dgst -binary -sha1 -sign testkey.pem FILE > FILE.sig
extracting public keys
for embedding
------------------------------------
dumpkey.jar is a Java tool that takes an x.
509 certificate in PEM format as
input and prints a C structure to standard output:
$ java -jar out/host/linux-x86/framework/dumpkey.jar build/
make /target/product/secur
ity/testkey.x509.pem
{64 ,0 xc926ad21,{1795090719 ,2141396315 ,950055447 ,2581568430 ,4268923165 ,1920809988 ,546586521 ,3498997798 ,1776797858 ,3740060814 ,1805317999 ,1429410244 ,129622599 ,1422441418 ,1783893377 ,1222374759 ,2563319927 ,323993566 ,28517732 ,609753416 ,1826472888 ,215237850 ,4261642700 ,4049082591 ,3228462402 ,774857746 ,154822455 ,2497198897 ,2758199418 ,3019015328 ,2794777644 ,87251430 ,2534927978 ,120774784 ,571297800 ,3695899472 ,2479925187 ,3811625450 ,3401832990 ,2394869647 ,3267246207 ,950095497 ,555058928 ,414729973 ,1136544882 ,3044590084 ,465547824 ,4058146728 ,2731796054 ,1689838846 ,3890756939 ,1048029507 ,895090649 ,247140249 ,178744550 ,3547885223 ,3165179243 ,109881576 ,3944604415 ,1044303212 ,3772373029 ,2985150306 ,3737520932 ,3599964420 },{3437017481 ,3784475129 ,2800224972 ,3086222688 ,251333580 ,2131931323 ,512774938 ,325948880 ,2657486437 ,2102694287 ,3820568226 ,792812816 ,1026422502 ,2053275343 ,2800889200 ,3113586810 ,165549746 ,4273519969 ,4065247892 ,1902789247 ,772932719 ,3941848426 ,3652744109 ,216871947 ,3164400649 ,1942378755 ,3996765851 ,1055777370 ,964047799 ,629391717 ,2232744317 ,3910558992 ,191868569 ,2758883837 ,3682816752 ,2997714732 ,2702529250 ,3570700455 ,3776873832 ,3924067546 ,3555689545 ,2758825434 ,1323144535 ,61311905 ,1997411085 ,376844204 ,213777604 ,4077323584 ,9135381 ,1625809335 ,2804742137 ,2952293945 ,1117190829 ,4237312782 ,1825108855 ,3013147971 ,1111251351 ,2568837572 ,1684324211 ,2520978805 ,367251975 ,810756730 ,2353784344 ,1175080310 }}
This is called by build/make /core/Makefile to incorporate the OTA signing keys
into the recovery image.
converting to java keystore for Android Studio
----------------------------------------------
Suppose we want to convert shared.pk8 and shared.x509.pem to shared.keystore.
$ openssl pkcs8 -inform DER -nocrypt \
-in build/make /target/product/security/shared.pk8 \
-out shared.pem
$ openssl pkcs12 -export \
-in build/make /target/product/security/shared.x509.pem \
-inkey shared.pem -out shared.p12 \
-password pass:android -name AndroidDebugKey
$ keytool -importkeystore -deststorepass android \
-destkeystore shared.keystore -srckeystore shared.p12 \
-srcstoretype PKCS12 -srcstorepass android
The keystore can be used in build.gradle as follows.
signingConfigs {
shared {
storeFile file("shared.keystore" )
storePassword "android"
keyPassword "android"
keyAlias "AndroidDebugKey"
}
}
Messung V0.5 in Prozent C=83 H=93 G=87
[Dauer der Verarbeitung: 0.12 Sekunden, vorverarbeitet 2026-06-28]
2026-07-09