/* * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at * * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and * limitations under the License.
*/ package org.apache.tomcat.util.codec.binary;
/** * Provides Base64 encoding and decoding as defined by <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt">RFC 2045</a>. * * <p> * This class implements section <cite>6.8. Base64 Content-Transfer-Encoding</cite> from RFC 2045 <cite>Multipurpose * Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) Part One: Format of Internet Message Bodies</cite> by Freed and Borenstein. * </p> * <p> * The class can be parameterized in the following manner with various constructors: * </p> * <ul> * <li>URL-safe mode: Default off.</li> * <li>Line length: Default 76. Line length that aren't multiples of 4 will still essentially end up being multiples of * 4 in the encoded data. * <li>Line separator: Default is CRLF ("\r\n")</li> * </ul> * <p> * The URL-safe parameter is only applied to encode operations. Decoding seamlessly handles both modes. * </p> * <p> * Since this class operates directly on byte streams, and not character streams, it is hard-coded to only * encode/decode character encodings which are compatible with the lower 127 ASCII chart (ISO-8859-1, Windows-1252, * UTF-8, etc). * </p> * <p> * This class is thread-safe. * </p> * * @see <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt">RFC 2045</a> * @since 1.0
*/ publicclass Base64 extends BaseNCodec {
/** * BASE32 characters are 6 bits in length. * They are formed by taking a block of 3 octets to form a 24-bit string, * which is converted into 4 BASE64 characters.
*/ privatestaticfinalint BITS_PER_ENCODED_BYTE = 6; privatestaticfinalint BYTES_PER_UNENCODED_BLOCK = 3; privatestaticfinalint BYTES_PER_ENCODED_BLOCK = 4;
/** * This array is a lookup table that translates 6-bit positive integer index values into their "Base64 Alphabet" * equivalents as specified in Table 1 of RFC 2045. * * Thanks to "commons" project in ws.apache.org for this code. * https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/webservices/commons/trunk/modules/util/
*/ privatestaticfinalbyte[] STANDARD_ENCODE_TABLE = { 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '+', '/'
};
/** * This is a copy of the STANDARD_ENCODE_TABLE above, but with + and / * changed to - and _ to make the encoded Base64 results more URL-SAFE. * This table is only used when the Base64's mode is set to URL-SAFE.
*/ privatestaticfinalbyte[] URL_SAFE_ENCODE_TABLE = { 'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P', 'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v', 'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '-', '_'
};
/** * This array is a lookup table that translates Unicode characters drawn from the "Base64 Alphabet" (as specified * in Table 1 of RFC 2045) into their 6-bit positive integer equivalents. Characters that are not in the Base64 * alphabet but fall within the bounds of the array are translated to -1. * * Note: '+' and '-' both decode to 62. '/' and '_' both decode to 63. This means decoder seamlessly handles both * URL_SAFE and STANDARD base64. (The encoder, on the other hand, needs to know ahead of time what to emit). * * Thanks to "commons" project in ws.apache.org for this code. * https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/webservices/commons/trunk/modules/util/
*/ privatestaticfinalbyte[] STANDARD_DECODE_TABLE = { // 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, // 00-0f
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, // 10-1f
-1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, 62, -1, -1, -1, 63, // 20-2f + /
52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, // 30-3f 0-9
-1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, // 40-4f A-O
15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, // 50-5f P-Z
-1, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, // 60-6f a-o
41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51 // 70-7a p-z
};
/* * Base64 uses 6-bit fields.
*/ /** Mask used to extract 6 bits, used when encoding */ privatestaticfinalint MASK_6BITS = 0x3f; /** Mask used to extract 4 bits, used when decoding final trailing character. */ privatestaticfinalint MASK_4BITS = 0xf; /** Mask used to extract 2 bits, used when decoding final trailing character. */ privatestaticfinalint MASK_2BITS = 0x3;
// The static final fields above are used for the original static byte[] methods on Base64. // The private member fields below are used with the new streaming approach, which requires // some state be preserved between calls of encode() and decode().
// Implementation of integer encoding used for crypto /** * Encodes binary data using the base64 algorithm, optionally chunking the output into 76 character blocks. * * @param binaryData * Array containing binary data to encode. * @param isChunked * if {@code true} this encoder will chunk the base64 output into 76 character blocks * @return Base64-encoded data. * @throws IllegalArgumentException * Thrown when the input array needs an output array bigger than {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE}
*/ publicstaticbyte[] encodeBase64(finalbyte[] binaryData, finalboolean isChunked) { return encodeBase64(binaryData, isChunked, false);
}
/** * Encodes binary data using the base64 algorithm, optionally chunking the output into 76 character blocks. * * @param binaryData * Array containing binary data to encode. * @param isChunked * if {@code true} this encoder will chunk the base64 output into 76 character blocks * @param urlSafe * if {@code true} this encoder will emit - and _ instead of the usual + and / characters. * <b>Note: no padding is added when encoding using the URL-safe alphabet.</b> * @return Base64-encoded data. * @throws IllegalArgumentException * Thrown when the input array needs an output array bigger than {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE} * @since 1.4
*/ publicstaticbyte[] encodeBase64(finalbyte[] binaryData, finalboolean isChunked, finalboolean urlSafe) { return encodeBase64(binaryData, isChunked, urlSafe, Integer.MAX_VALUE);
}
/** * Encodes binary data using the base64 algorithm, optionally chunking the output into 76 character blocks. * * @param binaryData * Array containing binary data to encode. * @param isChunked * if {@code true} this encoder will chunk the base64 output into 76 character blocks * @param urlSafe * if {@code true} this encoder will emit - and _ instead of the usual + and / characters. * <b>Note: no padding is added when encoding using the URL-safe alphabet.</b> * @param maxResultSize * The maximum result size to accept. * @return Base64-encoded data. * @throws IllegalArgumentException * Thrown when the input array needs an output array bigger than maxResultSize * @since 1.4
*/ publicstaticbyte[] encodeBase64(finalbyte[] binaryData, finalboolean isChunked, finalboolean urlSafe, finalint maxResultSize) { if (binaryData == null || binaryData.length == 0) { return binaryData;
}
// Create this so can use the super-class method // Also ensures that the same roundings are performed by the ctor and the code final Base64 b64 = isChunked ? new Base64(urlSafe) : new Base64(0, CHUNK_SEPARATOR, urlSafe); finallong len = b64.getEncodedLength(binaryData); if (len > maxResultSize) { thrownew IllegalArgumentException(sm.getString( "base64.inputTooLarge", Long.valueOf(len), Integer.valueOf(maxResultSize)));
}
return b64.encode(binaryData);
}
/** * Encodes binary data using the base64 algorithm but does not chunk the output. * * NOTE: We changed the behavior of this method from multi-line chunking (commons-codec-1.4) to * single-line non-chunking (commons-codec-1.5). * * @param binaryData * binary data to encode * @return String containing Base64 characters. * @since 1.4 (NOTE: 1.4 chunked the output, whereas 1.5 does not).
*/ publicstatic String encodeBase64String(finalbyte[] binaryData) { return StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(encodeBase64(binaryData, false));
}
/** * Encodes binary data using a URL-safe variation of the base64 algorithm but does not chunk the output. The * url-safe variation emits - and _ instead of + and / characters. * <b>Note: no padding is added.</b> * @param binaryData * binary data to encode * @return String containing Base64 characters * @since 1.4
*/ publicstatic String encodeBase64URLSafeString(finalbyte[] binaryData) { return StringUtils.newStringUsAscii(encodeBase64(binaryData, false, true));
}
/** * Validates whether decoding the final trailing character is possible in the context * of the set of possible base 64 values. * * <p>The character is valid if the lower bits within the provided mask are zero. This * is used to test the final trailing base-64 digit is zero in the bits that will be discarded. * * @param emptyBitsMask The mask of the lower bits that should be empty * @param context the context to be used * * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the bits being checked contain any non-zero value
*/ privatestaticvoid validateCharacter(finalint emptyBitsMask, final Context context) { if ((context.ibitWorkArea & emptyBitsMask) != 0) { thrownew IllegalArgumentException( "Last encoded character (before the paddings if any) is a valid " + "base 64 alphabet but not a possible value. " + "Expected the discarded bits to be zero.");
}
}
publicstaticboolean isInAlphabet(char c) { // Fast for valid data. May be slow for invalid data. try { return STANDARD_DECODE_TABLE[c] != -1;
} catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException ex) { returnfalse;
}
}
/** * Encode table to use: either STANDARD or URL_SAFE. Note: the DECODE_TABLE above remains static because it is able * to decode both STANDARD and URL_SAFE streams, but the encodeTable must be a member variable so we can switch * between the two modes.
*/ privatefinalbyte[] encodeTable;
// Only one decode table currently; keep for consistency with Base32 code privatefinalbyte[] decodeTable;
/** * Line separator for encoding. Not used when decoding. Only used if lineLength > 0.
*/ privatefinalbyte[] lineSeparator;
/** * Convenience variable to help us determine when our buffer is going to run out of room and needs resizing. * {@code decodeSize = 3 + lineSeparator.length;}
*/ privatefinalint decodeSize;
/** * Convenience variable to help us determine when our buffer is going to run out of room and needs resizing. * {@code encodeSize = 4 + lineSeparator.length;}
*/ privatefinalint encodeSize;
/** * Creates a Base64 codec used for decoding (all modes) and encoding in URL-unsafe mode. * <p> * When encoding the line length is 0 (no chunking), and the encoding table is STANDARD_ENCODE_TABLE. * </p> * * <p> * When decoding all variants are supported. * </p>
*/ public Base64() { this(0);
}
/** * Creates a Base64 codec used for decoding (all modes) and encoding in the given URL-safe mode. * <p> * When encoding the line length is 76, the line separator is CRLF, and the encoding table is STANDARD_ENCODE_TABLE. * </p> * * <p> * When decoding all variants are supported. * </p> * * @param urlSafe * if {@code true}, URL-safe encoding is used. In most cases this should be set to * {@code false}. * @since 1.4
*/ public Base64(finalboolean urlSafe) { this(MIME_CHUNK_SIZE, CHUNK_SEPARATOR, urlSafe);
}
/** * Creates a Base64 codec used for decoding (all modes) and encoding in URL-unsafe mode. * <p> * When encoding the line length is given in the constructor, the line separator is CRLF, and the encoding table is * STANDARD_ENCODE_TABLE. * </p> * <p> * Line lengths that aren't multiples of 4 will still essentially end up being multiples of 4 in the encoded data. * </p> * <p> * When decoding all variants are supported. * </p> * * @param lineLength * Each line of encoded data will be at most of the given length (rounded down to the nearest multiple of * 4). If lineLength <= 0, then the output will not be divided into lines (chunks). Ignored when * decoding. * @since 1.4
*/ public Base64(finalint lineLength) { this(lineLength, CHUNK_SEPARATOR);
}
/** * Creates a Base64 codec used for decoding (all modes) and encoding in URL-unsafe mode. * <p> * When encoding the line length and line separator are given in the constructor, and the encoding table is * STANDARD_ENCODE_TABLE. * </p> * <p> * Line lengths that aren't multiples of 4 will still essentially end up being multiples of 4 in the encoded data. * </p> * <p> * When decoding all variants are supported. * </p> * * @param lineLength * Each line of encoded data will be at most of the given length (rounded down to the nearest multiple of * 4). If lineLength <= 0, then the output will not be divided into lines (chunks). Ignored when * decoding. * @param lineSeparator * Each line of encoded data will end with this sequence of bytes. * @throws IllegalArgumentException * Thrown when the provided lineSeparator included some base64 characters. * @since 1.4
*/ public Base64(finalint lineLength, finalbyte[] lineSeparator) { this(lineLength, lineSeparator, false);
}
/** * Creates a Base64 codec used for decoding (all modes) and encoding in URL-unsafe mode. * <p> * When encoding the line length and line separator are given in the constructor, and the encoding table is * STANDARD_ENCODE_TABLE. * </p> * <p> * Line lengths that aren't multiples of 4 will still essentially end up being multiples of 4 in the encoded data. * </p> * <p> * When decoding all variants are supported. * </p> * * @param lineLength * Each line of encoded data will be at most of the given length (rounded down to the nearest multiple of * 4). If lineLength <= 0, then the output will not be divided into lines (chunks). Ignored when * decoding. * @param lineSeparator * Each line of encoded data will end with this sequence of bytes. * @param urlSafe * Instead of emitting '+' and '/' we emit '-' and '_' respectively. urlSafe is only applied to encode * operations. Decoding seamlessly handles both modes. * <b>Note: no padding is added when using the URL-safe alphabet.</b> * @throws IllegalArgumentException * Thrown when the {@code lineSeparator} contains Base64 characters. * @since 1.4
*/ public Base64(finalint lineLength, finalbyte[] lineSeparator, finalboolean urlSafe) { super(BYTES_PER_UNENCODED_BLOCK, BYTES_PER_ENCODED_BLOCK,
lineLength,
lineSeparator == null ? 0 : lineSeparator.length); // Needs to be set early to avoid NPE during call to containsAlphabetOrPad() below this.decodeTable = urlSafe ? URL_SAFE_DECODE_TABLE : STANDARD_DECODE_TABLE; // TODO could be simplified if there is no requirement to reject invalid line sep when length <=0 // @see test case Base64Test.testConstructors() if (lineSeparator != null) { if (containsAlphabetOrPad(lineSeparator)) { final String sep = StringUtils.newStringUtf8(lineSeparator); thrownew IllegalArgumentException(sm.getString("base64.lineSeparator", sep));
} if (lineLength > 0){ // null line-sep forces no chunking rather than throwing IAE this.encodeSize = BYTES_PER_ENCODED_BLOCK + lineSeparator.length; this.lineSeparator = lineSeparator.clone();
} else { this.encodeSize = BYTES_PER_ENCODED_BLOCK; this.lineSeparator = null;
}
} else { this.encodeSize = BYTES_PER_ENCODED_BLOCK; this.lineSeparator = null;
} this.decodeSize = this.encodeSize - 1; this.encodeTable = urlSafe ? URL_SAFE_ENCODE_TABLE : STANDARD_ENCODE_TABLE;
}
// Implementation of the Encoder Interface
/** * <p> * Decodes all of the provided data, starting at inPos, for inAvail bytes. Should be called at least twice: once * with the data to decode, and once with inAvail set to "-1" to alert decoder that EOF has been reached. The "-1" * call is not necessary when decoding, but it doesn't hurt, either. * </p> * <p> * Ignores all non-base64 characters. This is how chunked (e.g. 76 character) data is handled, since CR and LF are * silently ignored, but has implications for other bytes, too. This method subscribes to the garbage-in, * garbage-out philosophy: it will not check the provided data for validity. * </p> * <p> * Thanks to "commons" project in ws.apache.org for the bitwise operations, and general approach. * https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/webservices/commons/trunk/modules/util/ * </p> * * @param input * byte[] array of ASCII data to base64 decode. * @param inPos * Position to start reading data from. * @param inAvail * Amount of bytes available from input for decoding. * @param context * the context to be used
*/
@Override void decode(finalbyte[] input, int inPos, finalint inAvail, final Context context) { if (context.eof) { return;
} if (inAvail < 0) {
context.eof = true;
} for (int i = 0; i < inAvail; i++) { finalbyte[] buffer = ensureBufferSize(decodeSize, context); finalbyte b = input[inPos++]; if (b == pad) { // We're done.
context.eof = true; break;
} if (b >= 0 && b < decodeTable.length) { finalint result = decodeTable[b]; if (result >= 0) {
context.modulus = (context.modulus+1) % BYTES_PER_ENCODED_BLOCK;
context.ibitWorkArea = (context.ibitWorkArea << BITS_PER_ENCODED_BYTE) + result; if (context.modulus == 0) {
buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) ((context.ibitWorkArea >> 16) & MASK_8BITS);
buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) ((context.ibitWorkArea >> 8) & MASK_8BITS);
buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) (context.ibitWorkArea & MASK_8BITS);
}
}
}
}
// Two forms of EOF as far as base64 decoder is concerned: actual // EOF (-1) and first time '=' character is encountered in stream. // This approach makes the '=' padding characters completely optional. if (context.eof && context.modulus != 0) { finalbyte[] buffer = ensureBufferSize(decodeSize, context);
// We have some spare bits remaining // Output all whole multiples of 8 bits and ignore the rest switch (context.modulus) { // case 0 : // impossible, as excluded above // case 1 : // 6 bits - invalid - use default below case 2 : // 12 bits = 8 + 4
validateCharacter(MASK_4BITS, context);
context.ibitWorkArea = context.ibitWorkArea >> 4; // dump the extra 4 bits
buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) ((context.ibitWorkArea) & MASK_8BITS); break; case 3 : // 18 bits = 8 + 8 + 2
validateCharacter(MASK_2BITS, context);
context.ibitWorkArea = context.ibitWorkArea >> 2; // dump 2 bits
buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) ((context.ibitWorkArea >> 8) & MASK_8BITS);
buffer[context.pos++] = (byte) ((context.ibitWorkArea) & MASK_8BITS); break; default: thrownew IllegalStateException(sm.getString( "base64.impossibleModulus", Integer.valueOf(context.modulus)));
}
}
}
/** * <p> * Encodes all of the provided data, starting at inPos, for inAvail bytes. Must be called at least twice: once with * the data to encode, and once with inAvail set to "-1" to alert encoder that EOF has been reached, to flush last * remaining bytes (if not multiple of 3). * </p> * <p><b>Note: no padding is added when encoding using the URL-safe alphabet.</b></p> * <p> * Thanks to "commons" project in ws.apache.org for the bitwise operations, and general approach. * https://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/webservices/commons/trunk/modules/util/ * </p> * * @param in * byte[] array of binary data to base64 encode. * @param inPos * Position to start reading data from. * @param inAvail * Amount of bytes available from input for encoding. * @param context * the context to be used
*/
@Override void encode(finalbyte[] in, int inPos, finalint inAvail, final Context context) { if (context.eof) { return;
} // inAvail < 0 is how we're informed of EOF in the underlying data we're // encoding. if (inAvail < 0) {
context.eof = true; if (0 == context.modulus && lineLength == 0) { return; // no leftovers to process and not using chunking
} finalbyte[] buffer = ensureBufferSize(encodeSize, context); finalint savedPos = context.pos; switch (context.modulus) { // 0-2 case 0 : // nothing to do here break; case 1 : // 8 bits = 6 + 2 // top 6 bits:
buffer[context.pos++] = encodeTable[(context.ibitWorkArea >> 2) & MASK_6BITS]; // remaining 2:
buffer[context.pos++] = encodeTable[(context.ibitWorkArea << 4) & MASK_6BITS]; // URL-SAFE skips the padding to further reduce size. if (encodeTable == STANDARD_ENCODE_TABLE) {
buffer[context.pos++] = pad;
buffer[context.pos++] = pad;
} break;
case 2 : // 16 bits = 6 + 6 + 4
buffer[context.pos++] = encodeTable[(context.ibitWorkArea >> 10) & MASK_6BITS];
buffer[context.pos++] = encodeTable[(context.ibitWorkArea >> 4) & MASK_6BITS];
buffer[context.pos++] = encodeTable[(context.ibitWorkArea << 2) & MASK_6BITS]; // URL-SAFE skips the padding to further reduce size. if (encodeTable == STANDARD_ENCODE_TABLE) {
buffer[context.pos++] = pad;
} break; default: thrownew IllegalStateException(sm.getString( "base64.impossibleModulus", Integer.valueOf(context.modulus)));
}
context.currentLinePos += context.pos - savedPos; // keep track of current line position // if currentPos == 0 we are at the start of a line, so don't add CRLF if (lineLength > 0 && context.currentLinePos > 0) {
System.arraycopy(lineSeparator, 0, buffer, context.pos, lineSeparator.length);
context.pos += lineSeparator.length;
}
} else { for (int i = 0; i < inAvail; i++) { finalbyte[] buffer = ensureBufferSize(encodeSize, context);
context.modulus = (context.modulus+1) % BYTES_PER_UNENCODED_BLOCK; int b = in[inPos++]; if (b < 0) {
b += 256;
}
context.ibitWorkArea = (context.ibitWorkArea << 8) + b; // BITS_PER_BYTE if (0 == context.modulus) { // 3 bytes = 24 bits = 4 * 6 bits to extract
buffer[context.pos++] = encodeTable[(context.ibitWorkArea >> 18) & MASK_6BITS];
buffer[context.pos++] = encodeTable[(context.ibitWorkArea >> 12) & MASK_6BITS];
buffer[context.pos++] = encodeTable[(context.ibitWorkArea >> 6) & MASK_6BITS];
buffer[context.pos++] = encodeTable[context.ibitWorkArea & MASK_6BITS];
context.currentLinePos += BYTES_PER_ENCODED_BLOCK; if (lineLength > 0 && lineLength <= context.currentLinePos) {
System.arraycopy(lineSeparator, 0, buffer, context.pos, lineSeparator.length);
context.pos += lineSeparator.length;
context.currentLinePos = 0;
}
}
}
}
}
/** * Returns whether or not the {@code octet} is in the Base64 alphabet. * * @param octet * The value to test * @return {@code true} if the value is defined in the Base64 alphabet {@code false} otherwise.
*/
@Override protectedboolean isInAlphabet(finalbyte octet) { return octet >= 0 && octet < decodeTable.length && decodeTable[octet] != -1;
}
/** * Returns our current encode mode. True if we're URL-SAFE, false otherwise. * * @return true if we're in URL-SAFE mode, false otherwise. * @since 1.4
*/ publicboolean isUrlSafe() { returnthis.encodeTable == URL_SAFE_ENCODE_TABLE;
}
}
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