text‹From the notes of A. S. Kechris, page 6, andfrom
Andrzej Mostowski, \emph{Constructible Sets with Applications},
North-Holland, 1969, page 23.›
subsection‹Basic Definitions›
text‹First part: the cumulative hierarchy defining the class‹M›. To avoid handling multiple arguments, we assume that ‹Mset(l)›is
closed under ordered pairing provided ‹l›is limit. Possibly this
could be avoided: the induction hypothesis 🍋‹Cl_reflects›
(inlocale‹ex_reflection›) could be weakened to 🍋‹∀y∈Mset(a). ∀z∈Mset(a). P(⟨y,z⟩) ⟷ Q(a,⟨y,z⟩)›, removing most uses of 🍋‹Pair_in_Mset›. But there isn't much point in doing so, since ultimately the ‹ex_reflection›proofis packaged up using the
predicate ‹Reflects›. › locale reflection = fixes Mset and M and Reflects assumes Mset_mono_le : "mono_le_subset(Mset)" and Mset_cont : "cont_Ord(Mset)" and Pair_in_Mset : "\x \ Mset(a); y \ Mset(a); Limit(a)\ ==>⟨x,y⟩∈ Mset(a)" defines"M(x) \ \a. Ord(a) \ x \ Mset(a)" and"Reflects(Cl,P,Q) \ Closed_Unbounded(Cl) \
(∀a. Cl(a) ⟶ (∀x∈Mset(a). P(x) ⟷ Q(a,x)))" fixes F0 🍋‹ordinal for a specific value🍋‹y›› fixes FF 🍋‹sup over the whole level, 🍋‹y∈Mset(a)›› fixes ClEx 🍋‹Reflecting ordinals for the formula 🍋‹∃z. P›› defines"F0(P,y) \ \ b. (\z. M(z) \ P(\y,z\)) \
(∃z∈Mset(b). P(⟨y,z⟩))" and"FF(P) \ \a. \y\Mset(a). F0(P,y)" and"ClEx(P,a) \ Limit(a) \ normalize(FF(P),a) = a"
begin
lemma Mset_mono: "i\j \ Mset(i) \ Mset(j)" using Mset_mono_le by (simp add: mono_le_subset_def leI)
text‹Awkward: we need a version of ‹ClEx_def› as an equality
at the level of classes, which do not really exist› lemma ClEx_eq: "ClEx(P) \ \a. Limit(a) \ normalize(FF(P),a) = a" by (simp add: ClEx_def [symmetric])
text‹No point considering bounded quantifiers, where reflection is trivial.›
subsection‹Simple Examples of Reflection›
text‹Example 1: reflecting a simple formula. The reflecting classis first
given as the variable ‹?Cl›and later retrieved from the final proof state.›
schematic_goal "Reflects(?Cl,
λx. ∃y. M(y) ∧ x ∈ y,
λa x. ∃y∈Mset(a). x ∈ y)" by fast
text‹Problem here: there needs to be a conjunction (class intersection) in the class of reflecting ordinals. The 🍋‹Ord(a)›is redundant,
though harmless.› lemma "Reflects(\a. Ord(a) \ ClEx(\x. fst(x) \ snd(x), a),
λx. ∃y. M(y) ∧ x ∈ y,
λa x. ∃y∈Mset(a). x ∈ y)" by fast
text‹Example 2›
schematic_goal "Reflects(?Cl,
λx. ∃y. M(y) ∧ (∀z. M(z) ⟶ z ⊆ x ⟶ z ∈ y),
λa x. ∃y∈Mset(a). ∀z∈Mset(a). z ⊆ x ⟶ z ∈ y)" by fast
text‹Example 2'. We give the reflecting class explicitly.\ lemma "Reflects
(λa. (Ord(a) ∧
ClEx(λx. ¬ (snd(x) ⊆ fst(fst(x)) ⟶ snd(x) ∈ snd(fst(x))), a)) ∧
ClEx(λx. ∀z. M(z) ⟶ z ⊆ fst(x) ⟶ z ∈ snd(x), a),
λx. ∃y. M(y) ∧ (∀z. M(z) ⟶ z ⊆ x ⟶ z ∈ y),
λa x. ∃y∈Mset(a). ∀z∈Mset(a). z ⊆ x ⟶ z ∈ y)" by fast
text‹Example 2''. We expand the subset relation.›
schematic_goal "Reflects(?Cl,
λx. ∃y. M(y) ∧ (∀z. M(z) ⟶ (∀w. M(w) ⟶ w∈z ⟶ w∈x) ⟶ z∈y),
λa x. ∃y∈Mset(a). ∀z∈Mset(a). (∀w∈Mset(a). w∈z ⟶ w∈x) ⟶ z∈y)" by fast
text‹Example 2'''. Single-step version, to reveal the reflecting class.\
schematic_goal "Reflects(?Cl,
λx. ∃y. M(y) ∧ (∀z. M(z) ⟶ z ⊆ x ⟶ z ∈ y),
λa x. ∃y∈Mset(a). ∀z∈Mset(a). z ⊆ x ⟶ z ∈ y)" apply (rule Ex_reflection) txt‹
@{goals[display,indent=0,margin=60]} › apply (rule All_reflection) txt‹
@{goals[display,indent=0,margin=60]} › apply (rule Triv_reflection) txt‹
@{goals[display,indent=0,margin=60]} › done
text‹Example 3. Warning: the following examples make sense only if🍋‹P›is quantifier-free, since it is not being relativized.›
schematic_goal "Reflects(?Cl,
λx. ∃y. M(y) ∧ (∀z. M(z) ⟶ z ∈ y ⟷ z ∈ x ∧ P(z)),
λa x. ∃y∈Mset(a). ∀z∈Mset(a). z ∈ y ⟷ z ∈ x ∧ P(z))" by fast
text‹Example 3'\
schematic_goal "Reflects(?Cl,
λx. ∃y. M(y) ∧ y = Collect(x,P),
λa x. ∃y∈Mset(a). y = Collect(x,P))" by fast
text‹Example 3''›
schematic_goal "Reflects(?Cl,
λx. ∃y. M(y) ∧ y = Replace(x,P),
λa x. ∃y∈Mset(a). y = Replace(x,P))" by fast
text‹Example 4: Axiom of Choice. Possibly wrong, since ‹Π› needs to be relativized.›
schematic_goal "Reflects(?Cl,
λA. 0∉A ⟶ (∃f. M(f) ∧ f ∈ (∏X ∈ A. X)),
λa A. 0∉A ⟶ (∃f∈Mset(a). f ∈ (∏X ∈ A. X)))" by fast
end
end
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